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{{Short description|Academia Sinica (Taiwan) award}}
{{Infobox award
| name        = Tang Prize
| image       = 103年9月18日 馬英九總統出席第一屆「唐獎」頒獎典禮 (15098850179).png
| imagesize   = 200px
| alt         = 
| awarded_for = Outstanding contributions in [[sustainable development]], [[Biopharmaceutical|biopharmaceutical science]], [[sinology]], and [[rule of law]]
| presenter   = The Tang Prize Foundation
| country     = [[Republic of China (Taiwan)]]
| year        = 2014
| website     = {{URL|http://www.tang-prize.org/}}
|caption      = Award ceremony for the first Tang Prize}}
The '''Tang Prize''' ({{zh|c=唐獎}}) is a set of biannual international awards bestowed in four fields: Sustainable Development, Biopharmaceutical Science, Sinology, and Rule of Law. Nomination and selection are conducted by an independent selection committee, which is formed in partial cooperation with the [[Academia Sinica]], [[Taiwan]]'s top research institution.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |url=http://www.tang-prize.org/en/choose.php |title=Tang Prize Selection Committee |access-date=2017-09-11 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911161910/http://www.tang-prize.org/en/choose.php |archive-date=2017-09-11 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== Philosophy ==
In the advent of [[Industrialisation|industrialization]] and [[globalization]], humanity has greatly enjoyed the convenience brought about by science and technology. Yet, humanity also faces a multitude of critical environmental, socio-cultural, and ethical issues on an unparalleled scale, such as [[climate change]], inequality, and moral degradation. Against this backdrop, Taiwanese billionaire entrepreneur [[Samuel Yin]] established the Tang Prize Foundation in December 2012.{{Cn|date=August 2021}}

With the aim to recognize and support contributors for their revolutionary efforts in the research fields critical to the 21st century, the Tang Prize is global in reach.  Laureates are selected on the basis of the originality of their work along with their contributions to society, irrespective of gender, religion, ethnicity, or nationality.<ref name=":0" />

== Award categories ==
The award categories of the Tang Prize include [[sustainable development|Sustainable Development]], [[Biopharmaceutical|Biopharmaceutical Science]], [[Sinology]], and [[rule of law|Rule of Law]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aedu/201409190025.aspx |title=Winners of Tang Prize hope it can draw young talent to science |access-date=2014-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140921022847/http://focustaiwan.tw/news/aedu/201409190025.aspx |archive-date=2014-09-21 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The Prize in Sustainable Development recognizes those who have made extraordinary contributions to the sustainable development of human societies, especially through groundbreaking innovations in science and technology.

The Prize in Biopharmaceutical Science recognizes original biopharmaceutical or biomedical research that has led to significant advances towards preventing, diagnosing and/or treating major human diseases to improve human health.

The Prize in Sinology recognizes the study of Sinology in its broadest sense, awarding research on China and its related fields, such as Chinese thought, history, philology, linguistics, archaeology, philosophy, religion, traditional canons, literature, and art (excluding literary and art works). Honoring innovations in the field of Sinology, the Prize showcases Chinese culture and its contributions to the development of human civilization.

The Prize in Rule of Law recognizes individual(s) or institution(s) who have made significant contributions to the rule of law, reflected not only in the achievement of the candidate(s) in terms of the advancement of legal theory or practice, but also in the realization of the rule of law in contemporary societies through the influences or inspiration of the work of the candidate(s).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tang-prize.org/en/award.php|title=Tang Prize {{!}} About {{!}} Award Categories|last=Graphics|first=很好設計, Weichunglee|website=www.tang-prize.org|language=en|access-date=2017-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911162237/http://www.tang-prize.org/en/award.php|archive-date=2017-09-11|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Laureates==
Each laureate receives a [http://www.tang-prize.org/en/medal.php Tang Prize medal] and [http://www.tang-prize.org/en/diploma.php diploma]. In addition, NT$40 million (US$1.3 million) cash prize is awarded in each category, as well as a research grant of NT$10 million (US$0.33 million), for a total of NT$50 million (US$1.63 million). Should two, or up to three, candidates receive an award in the same category, the cash prize and research grant are shared.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nature.com/news/asian-nobels-will-bring-prize-giving-up-to-date-1.12333 |title='Asian Nobels' will bring prize-giving up to date |access-date=2014-09-20 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141007221905/http://www.nature.com/news/asian-nobels-will-bring-prize-giving-up-to-date-1.12333 |archive-date=2014-10-07 |url-status=live }}</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|- bgcolor="#cccc"
! style="width:6%" |Year
! style="width:12%" | Field
! style="width:15%" | Name
! style="width:15%" | Nationality
! Citation

|-
| rowspan=6 style="text-align:center;" | 2022
| rowspan| {{center|Rule of Law}}
| [[Cheryl Saunders]] 
| {{AUS}}
| "for her pioneering contributions to comparative constitutional law, and in particular her work on constitution-building in the Asia-Pacific region".<ref>[https://www.tang-prize.org/en/media_detail.php?id=1718 2022- Rule of Law]</ref> 
|-
| rowspan| {{center|Sinology}}
| [[Jessica Rawson]]
| {{UK}}
| "for her gift and mastery of the craft of the visible to read the art and artifacts of Chinese civilization."<ref>[https://www.tang-prize.org/en/media_detail.php?id=1711 Sinology 2022]</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;" | Biopharmaceutical Science
| [[Katalin Kariko]]
| {{HUN}} / {{USA}}
|  rowspan=3| "for developing COVID-19 mRNA Vaccines."<ref>[https://www.tang-prize.org/en/media_detail.php?id=1705 Biopharmaceutical Science 2022]</ref>
|-
| [[Drew Weissman]]
| {{USA}}
|-
| [[Pieter Cullis]]
| {{CAN}}
|-
| rowspan| {{center|Sustainable Development}}
| [[Jeffrey D. Sachs]]
| {{USA}}
| "for leading Transdisciplinary Sustainability Science."<ref>[https://www.tang-prize.org/en/media_detail.php?id=1697 Sustainable Development 2022]</ref>
|-
| rowspan=8 style="text-align:center;" | 2020
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;" |  Rule of Law
| [[Bangladesh Environmental Lawyers Association]]
| {{BGD}}
| rowspan=3| "for their efforts in furthering the rule of law and its institutions through education and advocacy. Utilizing innovative strategic litigation, reinforced by rigorous scholarship, these organizations have demonstrated exemplary perseverance in promoting greater individual, social and environmental justice, in milieus where the foundations of the rule of law are under severe challenge."<ref>[https://www.tang-prize.org/en/owner_detail.php?cat=13&id=1425 Rule of Law 2020]</ref>
|-
| [[Dejusticia|Dejusticia: The Center for Law, Justice and Society]]
| {{COL}}
|-
| [[The Legal Agenda]]
| {{LBN}}
|-
| rowspan| {{center|Sinology}}
| [[Wang Gungwu]]
| {{AUS}}
| "for his ground-breaking research on the Chinese world order, Chinese overseas, and Chinese migratory experience."<ref>[https://www.tang-prize.org/en/owner.php?cat=12 Sinology 2020]</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;" | Biopharmaceutical Science
| [[Charles Dinarello]]
| {{USA}}
|  rowspan=3| "for the development of cytokine-targeting biological therapies for the treatment of inflammatory diseases."<ref>[https://www.tang-prize.org/en/owner.php?cat=11 Biopharmaceutical Science 2020]</ref>
|-
| [[Marc Feldmann]]
| {{AUS}}<br>{{UK}}
|-
| [[Tadamitsu Kishimoto]]
| {{JAP}}
|-
| rowspan| {{center|Sustainable Development}}
| [[Jane Goodall]]
| {{UK}}
| "Jane Goodall, recognizing her ground-breaking discovery in primatology that redefines human-animal relationship and her lifelong, unparalleled dedication to the conservation of Earth environment.."<ref>[https://www.tang-prize.org/en/owner_detail.php?id=1397&cat=10 Sustainable Development 2020]</ref>
|-
| rowspan=8 style="text-align:center;" | 2018
| {{center|Rule of Law}}
| [[Joseph Raz]]
| {{UK}}<br>{{ISR}}
| "for his path-breaking contributions to the rule of law, and for deepening our understanding of the very nature of law, legal reasoning, and the relationship between law, morality and freedom."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tang-prize.org/en/owner_detail.php?cat=13&id=928|title=Tang Prize {{!}} Laureates|last=良艮創意,很好設計,李維宗設計|website=www.tang-prize.org|language=en|access-date=2018-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806024417/http://www.tang-prize.org/en/owner_detail.php?cat=13&id=928|archive-date=2018-08-06|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;" | Sinology
| [[Stephen Owen (sinologist)|Stephen Owen]]
| {{USA}}
| "for his penetrating scholarship and theoretical ingenuity in Classical Chinese prose and poetry, especially Tang poetry and its translation."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tang-prize.org/en/owner_detail.php?cat=12&id=921|title=Tang Prize {{!}} Laureates|last=良艮創意,很好設計,李維宗設計|website=www.tang-prize.org|language=en|access-date=2018-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806024535/http://www.tang-prize.org/en/owner_detail.php?cat=12&id=921|archive-date=2018-08-06|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Yoshinobu Shiba]]
| {{JPN}} 
| "for his mastery and depth of insight in Chinese social-economic history achieved through his original theoretical lens that fuses the distinctive fortes of Chinese, Japanese, and Western scholarship."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tang-prize.org/en/owner_detail.php?cat=12&id=922|title=Tang Prize {{!}} Laureates|last=良艮創意,很好設計,李維宗設計|website=www.tang-prize.org|language=en|access-date=2018-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806024947/http://www.tang-prize.org/en/owner_detail.php?cat=12&id=922|archive-date=2018-08-06|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;" | Biopharmaceutical Science
| [[Anthony R. Hunter]]
| {{USA}}
| rowspan=3| "for the discovery of protein tyrosine phosphorylation and tyrosine kinases as oncogenes, leading to successful targeted cancer therapies."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tang-prize.org/en/owner_detail.php?cat=11&id=911|title=Tang Prize {{!}} Laureates|last=良艮創意,很好設計,李維宗設計|website=www.tang-prize.org|language=en|access-date=2018-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806024756/http://www.tang-prize.org/en/owner_detail.php?cat=11&id=911|archive-date=2018-08-06|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Brian J. Druker]]
| {{USA}}
|-
| [[John Mendelsohn (doctor)|John Mendelsohn]]
| {{USA}}
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;" | Sustainable Development
| [[James E. Hansen]]
| {{USA}}
| "for sounding the alarm on climate change, elucidating the physics of climate forcings and feedbacks,quantifying the dangers of global warming, and tirelessly advocating meaningful action and solutions."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tang-prize.org/en/owner_detail.php?cat=10&id=902|title=Tang Prize {{!}} Laureates|last=良艮創意,很好設計,李維宗設計|website=www.tang-prize.org|language=en|access-date=2018-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806024909/http://www.tang-prize.org/en/owner_detail.php?cat=10&id=902|archive-date=2018-08-06|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| [[Veerabhadran Ramanathan]]
| {{IND}} 
| "for making seminal contributions to our fundamental understanding of climate change and impacts of air pollution, and taking direct action to advocate and facilitate effective mitigation policies."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tang-prize.org/en/owner_detail.php?cat=10&id=903|title=Tang Prize {{!}} Laureates|last=良艮創意,很好設計,李維宗設計|website=www.tang-prize.org|language=en|access-date=2018-08-05|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180806054718/http://www.tang-prize.org/en/owner_detail.php?cat=10&id=903|archive-date=2018-08-06|url-status=live}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=6 style="text-align:center;" | 2016
| rowspan| {{center|Rule of Law}}
| [[Louise Arbour]]
| {{CAN}}
| "for her enduring contributions to international criminal justice and the protection of human rights, to promoting peace, justice and security at home and abroad, and to working within the law to expand the frontiers of freedom for all."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tang-prize.org/en/owner_detail.php?cat=13&id=557 |title=2016 Tang Prize in Rule of Law |access-date=2016-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914144934/http://www.tang-prize.org/en/owner_detail.php?cat=13&id=557 |archive-date=2016-09-14 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan| {{center|Sinology}}
| [[William Theodore de Bary]]
| {{USA}}
| "for his pioneering contributions in Confucian studies. In his remarkable academic career spanning over seven decades, he has written and edited over 30 books with many of them making ground-breaking contributions that provide both enlightening insight and honest critique into Confucianism."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tang-prize.org/en/owner_detail.php?cat=13&id=553 |title=2016 Tang Prize in Sinology |access-date=2016-07-08 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160914202533/http://www.tang-prize.org/en/owner_detail.php?cat=13&id=553 |archive-date=2016-09-14 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=3 style="text-align:center;" | Biopharmaceutical Science
| [[Emmanuelle Charpentier]]
| {{FRA}}
|  rowspan=3| "for the development of CRISPR/Cas9 as a breakthrough genome editing platform that promises to revolutionize biomedical research and disease treatment."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tang-prize.org/en/owner.php?cat=11 |title=Tang Prize Foundation>>Laureates>>Biopharmaceutical Science>>2016 Tang Prize in Biopharmaceutical Science |access-date=2016-06-19 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160702225844/http://www.tang-prize.org/en/owner.php?cat=11 |archive-date=2016-07-02 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| [[Jennifer Doudna]]
| {{USA}}
|-
| [[Feng Zhang]]
| {{USA}}
|-
| rowspan| {{center|Sustainable Development}}
| [[Arthur H. Rosenfeld]]
| {{USA}}
| "for his lifelong and pioneering innovations in energy efficiency resulting in immense reductions in energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions around the world."<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.tang-prize.org/en/owner_detail.php?cat=10&id=552 |title=2016 Tang Prize in Sustainable Development |access-date=2016-06-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160620172916/http://www.tang-prize.org/en/owner_detail.php?cat=10&id=552 |archive-date=2016-06-20 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=5 style="text-align:center;" | 2014
| {{center|Rule of Law}}
| [[Albie Sachs]]
| {{ZAF}}
|  "for his many contributions to human rights and justice globally through an understanding of the rule of law in which the dignity of all persons is respected and the strengths and values of all communities are embraced, in particular through his efforts in the realization of the rule of law in a free and democratic South Africa, working as activist, lawyer, scholar, and framer of a new Constitution to heal the divisions of the past and to establishing a society that respects diversity and is based on democratic values, social justice and fundamental human rights."<ref>[http://www.tang-prize.org/ENG/Publish.aspx?CNID=302 Tang Prize Foundation>>Laureates>>Rule of Law>>2014 Tang Prize in Rule of Law] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141009004428/http://www.tang-prize.org/ENG/Publish.aspx?CNID=302 |date=2014-10-09 }}</ref>
|-
| {{center|Sinology}}
| [[Yu Ying-shih]]
| {{USA}}
|  "for his mastery of and insight into Chinese intellectual, political, and cultural history with an emphasis on his profound research into the history of public intellectuals in China."<ref>[http://www.tang-prize.org/ENG/Publish.aspx?CNID=300 Tang Prize Foundation>>Laureates>>Sinology>>2014 Tang Prize in Sinology] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006090453/http://www.tang-prize.org/ENG/Publish.aspx?CNID=300 |date=2014-10-06 }}</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 style="text-align:center;" | Biopharmaceutical Science
| [[James P. Allison]]
| {{USA}}
|  rowspan=2| "for the discoveries of CTLA-4 and PD-1 as immune inhibitory molecules that led to their applications in cancer immunotherapy."<ref>[http://www.tang-prize.org/ENG/Publish.aspx?CNID=298 Tang Prize Foundation>>Laureates>>Biopharmaceutical Science>>2014 Tang Prize in Biopharmaceutical Science] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006102734/http://www.tang-prize.org/ENG/Publish.aspx?CNID=298 |date=2014-10-06 }}</ref> Two winners then won the [[Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine]] together in 2018.
|-
| [[Tasuku Honjo]]
| {{JPN}}
|-
| rowspan| {{center|Sustainable Development}}
| [[Gro Harlem Brundtland]]
| {{NOR}}
| "for her innovation, leadership and implementation of sustainable development that laid out the scientific and technical challenges for the global community to achieve a better balance of economic development, environmental integrity, and social equality for the benefit of all humanity."<ref>[http://www.tang-prize.org/ENG/Publish.aspx?CNID=296 2014 Tang Prize in Sustainable Development] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006093931/http://www.tang-prize.org/ENG/Publish.aspx?CNID=296 |date=2014-10-06 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://focustaiwan.tw/news/afav/201409180019.aspx |title=Tang Prize laureate calls for more sustainable development efforts |access-date=2014-10-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141006103845/http://focustaiwan.tw/news/afav/201409180019.aspx |archive-date=2014-10-06 |url-status=live }}</ref>
|-
|}

===List of countries by laureates===
Until 2022.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: right"
|-
! Rank
! Country
! Laureates
|-
| 1 || style="text-align:left;" | {{flag|United States}} || 15
|-
| 2 || style="text-align:left;" | {{flag|United Kingdom}} || 4
|-
| 3= || style="text-align:left;" | {{flag|Japan}} || 3
|-
| 3= || style="text-align:left;" | {{flag|Australia}} || 3
|-
| 4 || style="text-align:left;" | {{flag|Canada}} || 2
|-
| 5= || style="text-align:left;" | {{flag|Norway}} || 1
|-
| 5= || style="text-align:left;" | {{flag|South Africa}} || 1
|-
| 5= || style="text-align:left;" | {{flag|France}} || 1
|-
| 5= || style="text-align:left;" | {{flag|India}} || 1
|-
| 5= || style="text-align:left;" | {{flag|Israel}} || 1
|-
| 5= || style="text-align:left;" | {{flag|Taiwan}} || 1
|-
| 5= || style="text-align:left;" | {{flag|Bangladesh}} || 1
|-
| 5= || style="text-align:left;" | {{flag|Colombia}} || 1
|-
| 5= || style="text-align:left;" | {{flag|Lebanon}} || 1
|-
| 5= || style="text-align:left;" | {{flag|Hungary}} || 1
|}

== Selection Committee ==
[http://www.tang-prize.org/en/choose.php?cat=5 Nomination and selection] for the first and second Tang Prize cycles (2013–2014 and 2015–2016, respectively) were conducted by the Academica Sinica on commission of the Tang Prize Foundation; beginning with the third prize cycle (2017–2018), nomination and selection are now conducted by an independent selection committee which is formed in partial cooperation with the Academia Sinica.

The Tang Prize Selection Committee is composed of four separate committees, one per prize category. The committees invite respected scholars and institutions from around the world, including many Nobel laureates, to submit nominees, ensuring those nominated have attained a sufficient level of achievement.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.tang-prize.org/en/choose.php|title=Tang Prize {{!}} About {{!}} Nomination & Selection|last=Graphics|first=很好設計, Weichunglee|website=www.tang-prize.org|language=en|access-date=2017-09-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170911161910/http://www.tang-prize.org/en/choose.php|archive-date=2017-09-11|url-status=live}}</ref>

== Timeline ==
Events during the award year:
{| class="wikitable"
!Time
!Event
|-
|May
|Decisions made by the Selection Committee.
|-
|June 18–21
|Announcement of the laureate(s) in each of the award category.
|-
|September
|Award Ceremony and the Tang Prize Week events.
|}

==See also==

* [[List of environmental awards]] 

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.tang-prize.org/en/first.php Official Website]

{{Tang Prize winners}}

[[Category:Academic awards]]
[[Category:Awards established in 2014]]
[[Category:Environmental awards]]
[[Category:International awards]]
[[Category:Science and technology awards]]
[[Category:2014 establishments in Taiwan]]