View source for 2022 Sumatra earthquake

{{good article}}
{{short description|Earthquake in Indonesia}}
{{use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{Use American English|date=February 2023}}
{{Infobox earthquake
| image = Masjid Raya Kajai Foto Fuadi Zikri.jpg 
| caption = Ruins of the Raya Kajai mosque
| map2 = {{Location map many| Indonesia Sumatra
| relief = yes
| lat = -0.233
| long = 100.106
| mark = Bullseye1.png 
| marksize = 40
| position = top
 | label2     = Padang
 | label2_size= 99
 | lat2       = -0.95
 | long2      = 100.353056
 | mark2      = Red pog.svg
 | mark2size  = 10
 | position2  = bottom
| width = 250
| caption = }}
| location = {{Coord|0.233|||N|100.106|||E|display=inline, title}}<ref name="ANSS"/>
| depth = {{convert|4.0|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}
| casualties = 27 dead, 457 injured, 19,221 displaced 
| aftershocks = 201
| foreshocks = 1
| landslide = 
| tsunami = 
| pgv = 
| pga = 
| intensity = {{MMI|8}}
| damage = [[Indonesian rupiah|Rp]] 780 million
| affected = [[West Sumatra]], [[Indonesia]]
| type = Strike-slip
| fault = [[Great Sumatran fault]]
| magnitude = 6.2 {{M|w|link=yes}}
| duration = 
| local-time = 08:39:27 [[Time in Indonesia|WIB]] ([[UTC+07:00|UTC+7]])
| local-date = 25 February 2022
| anss-url = us6000gzyg
| isc-event = 622071228
| timestamp = 2022-02-25 01:39:27
| local-time-A = 
}}

On 25&nbsp;February 2022 at 08:39 [[Time in Indonesia|WIB]], a [[Moment magnitude scale|moment magnitude]] ({{M|w}}) 6.2 [[earthquake]] struck [[West Sumatra]], [[Indonesia]] at a depth of {{cvt|4.0|km}}.<ref name="ISC22">{{Short-isc|OB|622071228}}</ref> Preceded by one [[foreshock]] and followed by over 200 [[aftershock]]s, the [[mainshock]] had an epicenter at the foot of [[Mount Talakmau]] in [[Pasaman Regency]].<ref name="ANSS">{{cite web |title=M 6.1 - 66 km NNW of Bukittinggi, Indonesia |url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000gzyg/executive |author=National Earthquake Information Center |date=25 February 2022 |publisher=[[U.S. Geological Survey]] |access-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220225035515/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us6000gzyg/executive |archive-date=25 February 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> The mainshock was the result of strike-slip faulting along a previously unidentified segment of the Great Sumatran Fault. At least 27&nbsp;people died, 457 were injured, and 19,221 others were displaced. It inflicted 780 million Indonesian rupiahs (Rp) worth of damage. The heaviest damage was recorded at three villages around Mount Talakmau. Landslides and flash floods caused additional damage and casualties.

==Tectonic setting==
[[File:Great Sumatran Fault.png|thumb|left|250px|Great Sumatra fault]]
The west coast of [[Sumatra]] is dominated by the [[Sunda megathrust]]; a {{cvt|5,500|km}}<ref name="Sieh07">{{cite journal |last1=Sieh |first1=Kerry |title=The Sunda megathrust - Past, present and future |journal=Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami |year=2007 |volume=1 |page=1-19 |url=http://tecto.caltech.edu/sumatra/downloads/papers/Snu.pdf |publisher=California Institute of Technology |doi=10.1142/S179343110700002X |issn=1793-4311 |access-date=25 February 2022 |archive-date=22 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181222165223/http://tecto.caltech.edu/sumatra/downloads/papers/Snu.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> long convergent boundary where the [[Australian Plate]] subducts beneath the [[Burma Plate]] and [[Sunda Plate]] at a rate of {{cvt|60|mm}} per year.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Belle Philibosian Kerry Sieh Jean‐Philippe Avouac Danny H. Natawidjaja Hong‐Wei Chiang Chung‐Che Wu Hugo Perfettini Chuan‐Chou Shen Mudrik R. Daryono Bambang W. Suwargadi|year=2014|title=Rupture and variable coupling behavior of the Mentawai segment of the Sunda megathrust during the supercycle culmination of 1797 to 1833|journal= Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth|volume=119|issue=9|pages=7258–7287|doi=10.1002/2014JB011200|bibcode=2014JGRB..119.7258P|doi-access=free}}</ref> The subduction zone offshore Sumatra was responsible for several large earthquakes in [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|2004]] and [[2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake|2005]]. The [[subduction]] plate interface can [[earthquake rupture|rupture]] to the trench, triggering large [[tsunami]]s such as in [[1907 Sumatra earthquake|1907]], 2004 and [[2010 Mentawai earthquake and tsunami|2010]].<ref name="Martin2019">{{cite journal |last1=Martin |first1=S.S. |last2=Li |first2=L. |first3=E.A. |last3=Okal |first4=J. |last4=Morin |first5=A.E.G |last5=Tetteroo |first6=A.D. |last6=Switzer |first7=K.E. |last7=Sieh |title=Reassessment of the 1907 Sumatra "Tsunami Earthquake" Based on Macroseismic, Seismological, and Tsunami Observations, and Modeling |journal=Pure and Applied Geophysics |year=2019 |volume=176 |issue=7 |pages=2831–2868 |doi=10.1007/s00024-019-02134-2|bibcode=2019PApGe.176.2831M |hdl=10356/136833 |s2cid=135197944 |hdl-access=free }}</ref>

Dip-slip faults can rupture within the down going Australian Plate as well—the [[2009 Sumatra earthquakes|2009 magnitude 7.6 earthquake]] near [[Padang]] was caused by reverse faulting at about {{cvt|80|km}} depth.<ref name="Wiseman2012">{{cite journal |last1=Wiseman |first1=K. |last2=Banerjee |first2=P. |last3=Bürgmann |first3=R. |last4=Sieh |first4=K. |last5=Dreger |first5=D.S. |last6=Hermawan |first6=I. |title=Source model of the 2009 Mw 7.6 Padang intraslab earthquake and its effect on the Sunda megathrust |journal=Geophysical Journal International |date=1 September 2012 |volume=190 |issue=3 |pages=1710–1722 |doi=10.1111/j.1365-246X.2012.05600.x|bibcode=2012GeoJI.190.1710W |doi-access=free }}</ref>

Convergence along this plate boundary is highly oblique, severely deforming the overriding Sunda Plate, where it is accommodated by strike-slip motion along the [[Great Sumatran fault]]. The Great Sumatran fault is a {{cvt|1,900|km|adj=on}}-long strike-slip fault system located on Sumatra. The fault is divided into about 20&nbsp;segments.<ref name="EERI 2007">{{Cite web |last1=Natawidjaja |first1=D.H. |last2=Tohari |first2=A. |last3=Subowo |first3=E. |last4=Daryono |first4=M.R. |year=2007 |title=Western Sumatra Earthquakes of March 6, 2007 |url=https://www.eeri.org/lfe/pdf/Indonesia_WesternSumatra_SR_May07.pdf |access-date=25 February 2022 |publisher=Earthquake Engineering Research Institute |archive-date=4 March 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304000348/https://www.eeri.org/lfe/pdf/Indonesia_WesternSumatra_SR_May07.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref> It was the source of the [[1994 Liwa earthquake|1994 Liwa]] and [[1995 Kerinci earthquake]]s. In 1933, a [[1933 Sumatra earthquake|magnitude 7.5 earthquake]] struck Liwa, killing many people and causing widespread damage.<ref name="Hurukawa">{{cite journal |last1=Hurukawa |first1=Nobuo |last2=Wulandari |first2=Biana Rahayu |last3=Kasahara |first3=Minoru |title=Earthquake History of the Sumatran Fault, Indonesia, since 1892, Derived from Relocation of Large Earthquakes |journal=[[Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America]] |year=2014 |volume=104 |issue=4 |pages=1750–1762 |doi=10.1785/0120130201 |bibcode=2014BuSSA.104.1750H |citeseerx=10.1.1.855.946 }}</ref> It produced its largest earthquake in [[1943 Alahan Panjang earthquakes|1943]]; measuring {{M|s}}&nbsp;7.8.<ref name="ISC43-2">{{Short-isc|OB|899872}}</ref>

==Earthquake==
[[File:2022-02-25 Bukittinggi, Indonesia M6.2 earthquake shakemap (USGS).jpg|thumb|left|200px|A strong ground motion map of the mainshock]]
The mainshock occurred on 25&nbsp;February with an epicenter on the slopes of [[Mount Talakmau]].<ref name="InaTEWS">{{cite web |title=Significant Earthquake Information |url=https://inatews.bmkg.go.id/ |website=InaTEWS |publisher=[[Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency]] |access-date=25 February 2022 |date=25 February 2022 |archive-date=17 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217041623/https://inatews.bmkg.go.id/ |url-status=live }}</ref> It was the result of right-lateral strike-slip faulting associated with [[earthquake rupture|rupture]] along a segment of the Great Sumatran Fault.<ref name="Padek">{{cite news |title=Gempa Kuat Sumbar Terasa hingga Malaysia dan Singapura, Ini Pemicunya |url=https://padek.jawapos.com/sumbar/25/02/2022/gempa-kuat-sumbar-terasa-hingga-malaysia-dan-singapura-ini-pemicunya/ |access-date=25 February 2022 |agency=Padek |date=25 February 2022 |language=id |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220225064841/https://padek.jawapos.com/sumbar/25/02/2022/gempa-kuat-sumbar-terasa-hingga-malaysia-dan-singapura-ini-pemicunya/ |archive-date=25 February 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="Chardot">{{cite web |author1=Lauriane Chardot |author2=Judith Hubbard |author3=Kyle Edward Bradley |author4=Wei Shengj |author5=Han Suling Cheryl |title=Mw 6.2 Earthquake from Sumatra Felt in Singapore |url=https://earthobservatory.sg/blog/mw-62-earthquake-sumatra-felt-singapore |publisher=Earth Observatory of Singapore |access-date=25 February 2022 |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225143053/https://earthobservatory.sg/blog/mw-62-earthquake-sumatra-felt-singapore |url-status=live }}</ref> A maximum [[Modified Mercalli intensity scale|Modified Mercalli intensity]] (MMI) of VIII (''Severe'') was felt over a northwest–southeast trending area.<ref name="esdm">{{cite web |title=Laporan Singkat Tanggap Darurat Bencana Gempa Bumi Tanggal 25 Februari 2022 Di Daerah Pasaman Barat |trans-title=Brief Report on Earthquake Emergency Response on February 25, 2022 in West Pasaman Region |url=https://vsi.esdm.go.id/index.php/gempabumi-a-tsunami/laporan-singkat-dan-rekomendasi-teknis/3969-laporan-singkat-tanggap-darurat-bencana-gempa-bumi-tanggal-25-februari-2022-di-daerah-pasaman-barat- |access-date=11 September 2022 |website=Kebencanaan Geologi |publisher=[[Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources]] |date=6 April 2022 |language=id |archive-date=11 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220911234853/https://vsi.esdm.go.id/index.php/gempabumi-a-tsunami/laporan-singkat-dan-rekomendasi-teknis/3969-laporan-singkat-tanggap-darurat-bencana-gempa-bumi-tanggal-25-februari-2022-di-daerah-pasaman-barat- |url-status=dead }}</ref> MMI VIII was felt on the northern slopes of Mount Talamau, and in parts of Talamau and Pasaman districts. It was also felt along the eastern portion of the volcano.<ref name="esdm" /> The mainshock was preceded by a {{M|w}} 5.1 [[foreshock]].<ref name="Haikal">{{cite news |author1=M Haikal |title=Analisis BMKG Terkait Gempa Pasbar, Dipicu Sesar Besar Sumatra |url=https://katasumbar.com/analisis-bmkg-terkait-gempa-pasbar-dipicu-sesar-besar-sumatra/ |access-date=25 February 2022 |agency=Kata Sumbar |date=25 February 2022 |language=id |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225143112/https://katasumbar.com/analisis-bmkg-terkait-gempa-pasbar-dipicu-sesar-besar-sumatra/ |url-status=live }}</ref> By 3 March, 201 aftershocks over 1.3 in magnitude had been recorded by the [[Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency]] (BMKG). Two aftershocks measured {{M|w}} 5.0.<ref name="Supendi2022" /><ref name="Ferdian">{{cite news |author1=Azhar Ferdian |title=Sudah 62 Kali Gempa Susulan Terjadi Di Pasaman, PVMBG: Waspada Likuefaksi |url=https://sinpo.id/detail/27181/sudah-62-kali-gempa-susulan-terjadi-di-pasaman-pvmbg-waspada-likuefaksi |access-date=26 February 2022 |agency=SinPo.id |date=26 February 2022 |language=id |archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228093200/https://sinpo.id/detail/27181/sudah-62-kali-gempa-susulan-terjadi-di-pasaman-pvmbg-waspada-likuefaksi |url-status=live }}</ref>

The earthquake ruptured a previously unidentified segment of the Great Sumatran Fault; the segment is called the Kajai Fault or Talamau Fault.<ref name="Supendi2022" /><ref name="Hanani" /> The BMKG initially misidentified the Angkola Fault, another segment of the Great Sumatran Fault, as the source.<ref name="Hanani">{{cite news |first=A. B. |last= Hanani |title=Segmen Patahan Baru Ditemukan BMKG Pasca Gempa Pasaman Barat |url=https://ulasan.co/segmen-patahan-baru-ditemukan-bmkg-pasca-gempa-pasaman-barat/ |access-date=1 March 2022 |agency=[[Antara (news agency)|Antara]] |publisher=Ulasan.co |date=1 March 2022 |language=id |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301102443/https://ulasan.co/segmen-patahan-baru-ditemukan-bmkg-pasca-gempa-pasaman-barat/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The aftershock distribution suggest rupture occurred on a strand that extended north of the Sianok Fault, another segment of the Great Sumatran Fault. The newly-identified segment is located between the Angkola Fault in the north and the Sianok Fault in the south, and can only produce earthquakes of up to 6.2 magnitude due to its short length.<ref name="Hanani" /> It strikes northwest–southeast and dips steeply to the southwest; and has a length of about {{cvt|20|km}}. The 10-second-long rupture occurred at {{cvt|2–11|km}} depth along {{cvt|14|km}} of the fault at the northern portion of Mount Talakmau. It displayed an average slip of about {{cvt|25|cm}}; slip was {{cvt|53|cm}} at its maximum occurring at {{cvt|7.2|km}} depth.<ref name="Supendi2022">{{cite journal |last1=Supendi |first1=P. |last2=Rawlinson |first2=N. |last3=Prayitno |first3=B.S. |last4=Sianipar |first4=D. |last5=Simanjuntak |first5=A. |last6=Widiyantoro |first6=S. |last7=Palgunadi |first7=K.H. |last8=Kurniawan |first8=A. |last9=Shiddiqi |first9=H.A. |last10=Nugraha |first10=A.D. |last11=Sahara |first11=D.P. |last12=Daryono |first12=D. |last13=Triyono |first13=R. |last14=Adi |first14=S.P. |last15=Karnawati |first15=D. |last16=Daniarsyad |first16=G. |last17=Ahadi |first17=S. |last18=Fatchurochman |first18=I. |last19=Anugrah |first19=S.D. |last20=Heryandoko |first20=N. |last21=Sudrajat |first21=A. |title=A previously unidentified fault revealed by the February 25, 2022 (Mw 6.1) Pasaman Earthquake, West Sumatra, Indonesia |journal=Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors |date=9 December 2022 |volume=334 |page=106973 |doi=10.1016/j.pepi.2022.106973|doi-access=free }}</ref>

==Impact==
[[File:Dampak gempa di Pasaman 2022 rumah.jpg|thumb|250px|House damaged by the earthquake in [[Pasaman Regency]]]]
A survey by the [[Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management]] (BNPB),<ref name="Christian">{{cite news |author1=Immanuel Christian |title=Gempa Pasaman, ribuan rumah rusak |url=https://www.alinea.id/nasional/gempa-pasaman-ribuan-rumah-rusak-b2fg19BIJ |access-date=7 March 2022 |agency=Alinea.ID |date=7 March 2022 |language=id}}</ref> revealed 1,075 seriously damaged, 3,447 moderately damaged, and 2,105 slightly damaged homes. In addition, 70 religious buildings, 208 educational facilities, and 25 health facilities were also damaged.<ref name="esdm" /> The total cost of damage was at an estimated 780 million [[Indonesian rupiah]]s (Rp).<ref name="Rizal"/> The worst affected villages were located on the northern slopes of Mount Talamau; Kajai, Talamau District and Aua Kuniang, Pasaman District. Malampah, Tigo Nagari District on the eastern flank of Mount Talamau was also badly affected. In these areas, buildings were moderately to heavily damaged.<ref name="esdm" />

At least 27 people were killed and 457 were injured.<ref name="bnpb27dead">{{cite web |last=Muhari |first=A. |title=Perkuat Ketahanan Wilayah Pasca Gempa Pasaman Barat, Rakor TIPB Kembali Digelar|trans-title=Strengthening Regional Resilience After the West Pasaman Earthquake, TIPB Coordination Meeting is Held Again |url=https://bnpb.go.id/berita/perkuat-ketahanan-wilayah-pasca-gempa-pasaman-barat-rakor-tipb-kembali-digelar- |publisher=Indonesian National Board for Disaster Management |access-date=2 January 2023 |date=8 April 2022 |language=id}}</ref> Although most victims died in collapsed buildings, some were killed by landslides on Mount Talakmau.<ref name="CNN">{{cite news |title=Update Korban Gempa Pasaman Barat: 10 Meninggal, 4 Masih Dicari |url=https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20220226194905-20-764515/update-korban-gempa-pasaman-barat-10-meninggal-4-masih-dicari |access-date=26 February 2022 |agency=[[CNN]] Indonesia |date=26 February 2022 |language=id |archive-date=26 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226132553/https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20220226194905-20-764515/update-korban-gempa-pasaman-barat-10-meninggal-4-masih-dicari |url-status=live }}</ref> At least 52 people sustained serious injuries—45 in West Pasaman Regency, 5 in Pasaman Regency and 1 in [[Agam Regency]].<ref name="Adikara52">{{cite news |first=Banu |last=Adikara |title=Update Gempa Sumbar: 12 Orang Tewas, 52 Orang Luka Berat |url=https://www.jawapos.com/nasional/03/03/2022/update-gempa-sumbar-12-orang-tewas-52-orang-luka-berat/ |agency=Jawa Pos |language=id |date=4 March 2022 |access-date=4 March 2022 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303140254/https://www.jawapos.com/nasional/03/03/2022/update-gempa-sumbar-12-orang-tewas-52-orang-luka-berat/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Many of the injured were treated at Yarsi Hospital.<ref name="Fadli">{{cite news |author1=Muhammad Fadli |title=Duka Sumbar, 4 Orang Ditemukan Meninggal Akibat Runtuhan Gempa Pasaman Barat |url=https://www.solopos.com/ratusan-rumah-dilaporkan-roboh-akibat-gempa-m-62-di-pasaman-sumbar-1263216 |access-date=25 February 2022 |agency=Padang Harian Haluan |date=25 February 2022 |language=id |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225143108/https://www.solopos.com/ratusan-rumah-dilaporkan-roboh-akibat-gempa-m-62-di-pasaman-sumbar-1263216 |url-status=live }}</ref> A further 19,221&nbsp;people were displaced.<ref name="bnpb27dead" /><ref name="The Guardian">{{cite news |agency=[[Associated Press]]|title=Indonesia earthquake death toll climbs to 11 after more bodies recovered on Sumatra |url=https://amp.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/28/indonesia-earthquake-death-toll-climbs-after-more-bodies-recovered-on-sumatra |access-date=28 February 2022 |website=[[The Guardian]] |language=en-GB |date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20220301021549/https://amp.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/28/indonesia-earthquake-death-toll-climbs-after-more-bodies-recovered-on-sumatra |archive-date=1 March 2022 |url-status=live }}</ref> At least 5,000 displaced residents sought refuge across 35 evacuation centers.<ref name="Nurita2">{{cite news |author1=Dewi Nurita |title=410 Rumah Rusak Akibat Gempa Pasaman Barat |url=https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1564799/410-rumah-rusak-akibat-gempa-pasaman-barat/full&view=ok |access-date=25 February 2022 |agency=Tempo |date=25 February 2022 |language=id |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225143113/https://nasional.tempo.co/read/1564799/410-rumah-rusak-akibat-gempa-pasaman-barat |url-status=dead }}</ref>

A video footage of mobilized landmass was recorded at Malampah.{{efn|{{cite AV media |date=28 February 2022 |title=Viral Video Tanah Bergerak Usai Gempa Pasaman, Ini Penjelasan BNPB |type= video |language= |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W7doDDbr2oM |publisher=Pikiran Rakyat |via=YouTube}}}} The phenomena was classified as a type of [[flash flood]] which occurred due to a breached [[landslide dam]]. The earthquake triggered a landslide on the Batang Kapa River upstream,<ref name="EDSM landslide">{{cite web |title=Tanggapan Bencana Gerakan Tanah / Tanah Longsor Di Kecamatan Tigo Nagari, Kabupaten Pasaman Sumatera Barat |trans-title=Landslide Movement / Landslide Disaster Response in Tigo Nagari District, Pasaman Regency, West Sumatra |url=https://vsi.esdm.go.id/index.php/gerakan-tanah/kejadian-gerakan-tanah/3939-tanggapan-bencana-gerakan-tanah-tanah-longsor-di-kecamatan-tigo-nagari-kabupaten-pasaman-sumatera-barat |publisher=Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources |website=Kebencanaan Geologi |access-date=23 February 2023 |date=26 February 2022}}</ref> creating a [[natural dam]] which obstructed the flow of water. The dam was breached and a flash flood occurred, carrying debris downstream.<ref name="Putra2">{{cite news |author1=Perdana Putra |editor=Ardi Priyatno Utomo |title=Fenomena Tanah Bergerak Pasca-gempa di Pasaman Bukan Likuefaksi tapi Banjir Bandang |url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/02/26/152634478/fenomena-tanah-bergerak-pasca-gempa-di-pasaman-bukan-likuefaksi-tapi-banjir |access-date=27 February 2022 |agency=Kompas |date=27 February 2022 |language=id |archive-date=27 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227010035/https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/02/26/152634478/fenomena-tanah-bergerak-pasca-gempa-di-pasaman-bukan-likuefaksi-tapi-banjir |url-status=live }}</ref> An official from the BNPB said a similar phenomena was also observed during the 2009 earthquake.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Ocky A. M. |title=Tanah Bergerak di Malampah Pasca Gempa Pasaman, BMKG Belum Pastikan Likuifaksi |url=https://katasumbar.com/tanah-bergerak-di-malampah-pasca-gempa-pasaman-bmkg-belum-pastikan-likuifaksi/ |access-date=25 February 2022 |agency=Kata Sumbar |date=25 February 2022 |language=id |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225143106/https://katasumbar.com/tanah-bergerak-di-malampah-pasca-gempa-pasaman-bmkg-belum-pastikan-likuifaksi/ |url-status=live }}</ref> An additional 17&nbsp;landslides occurred on the slopes of Mount Talakmau. A landslide in Jorong Sungai Siriah measured {{cvt|6|m}} high and {{cvt|30|m}} wide.<ref name="Rizal">{{cite news |author1=Hatta Rizal |title=Gempa Pasbar Rusak Belasan Rumah di Kabupaten 50 Kota |url=https://katasumbar.com/gempa-pasbar-rusak-belasan-rumah-di-kabupaten-50-kota/ |access-date=26 February 2022 |agency=Kata Sumbar |date=25 February 2022 |language=id |archive-date=26 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226012559/https://katasumbar.com/gempa-pasbar-rusak-belasan-rumah-di-kabupaten-50-kota/ |url-status=live }}</ref> In Labuah Kaciak, hot springs appeared in the ground ejecting water and mud; residents were advised not to approach the area by the BNPB.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Ocky A. M. |title=Pasca Gempa, Muncul Semburan Air Panas dari Tanah di Pasaman |url=https://katasumbar.com/pasca-gempa-muncul-semburan-air-panas-dari-tanah-di-pasaman/ |access-date=25 February 2022 |agency=Kata Sumbar |date=25 February 2022 |language=id |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225143110/https://katasumbar.com/pasca-gempa-muncul-semburan-air-panas-dari-tanah-di-pasaman/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The presence of hot springs were the result of [[Geothermal energy|geothermal activity]] along a fault.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Fitriana |first1=N. |author1=|editor-last=Persada |editor-first=G. |title=Penjelasan BMKG soal Heboh Fenomena Air Panas yang Muncul Pasca Gempa di Pasaman Barat|trans-title=BMKG's explanation of the Hot Water Phenomena that Appeared After the Earthquake in West Pasaman |url=https://www.kompas.tv/article/265439/penjelasan-bmkg-soal-heboh-fenomena-air-panas-yang-muncul-pasca-gempa-di-pasaman-barat |access-date=2 January 2023 |agency=Kompas |date=27 February 2022 |language=id}}</ref>

The earthquake was felt in the [[Klang Valley]] of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Some residents and workers rushed out of their homes and offices.<ref name="Kosmo1">{{cite news |title=The earthquake in West Sumatra was also felt in Malaysia |url=https://www.kosmo.com.my/2022/02/25/gempa-di-sumatera-barat-turut-dirasai-di-malaysia/ |access-date=25 February 2022 |agency=[[Kosmo!]] |date=25 February 2022 |language=ms |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225143102/https://www.kosmo.com.my/2022/02/25/gempa-di-sumatera-barat-turut-dirasai-di-malaysia/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Workers were evacuated from the [[Bernama]] headquarters in the city.<ref>{{cite news |title=Gegaran di Lembah Klang susulan gempa bumi di Sumatera Barat |url=https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/612042 |access-date=25 February 2022 |agency=MalaysiaKini |date=25 February 2022 |language=ms |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225143100/https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/612042 |url-status=live }}</ref> In [[Port Dickson (town)|Port Dickson]], a private hospital and government building sustained light damage.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Sumatra quake tremors: Hairline cracks found, but buildings in Negri safe so far|url=https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2022/02/25/sumatra-quake-tremors-hairline-cracks-found-but-buildings-in-negri-safe-so-far|website=The Star|location=Malaysia|access-date=25 February 2022|archive-date=25 February 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225143109/https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2022/02/25/sumatra-quake-tremors-hairline-cracks-found-but-buildings-in-negri-safe-so-far|url-status=live}}</ref> Shaking was also felt in Singapore, where residents reported tremors in [[Punggol]], [[Simei]], [[Redhill, Singapore|Redhill]], [[Queenstown, Singapore|Queenstown]], [[Ang Mo Kio]] and [[Kallang]]. There were also reports of shaking in the [[Marina Bay Financial Centre]].<ref name="Cheng">{{cite news |author1=Ian Cheng |title=Tremors felt in Singapore after 6.0-magnitude earthquake in Northern Sumatra: NEA |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/northern-sumatra-sumatra-earthquake-tremors-felt-singapore-2518871 |access-date=25 February 2022 |publisher=[[Channel NewsAsia]] |date=25 February 2022 |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225143109/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/singapore/northern-sumatra-sumatra-earthquake-tremors-felt-singapore-2518871 |url-status=live }}</ref>

==Aftermath==
[[File:Kondisi pascagempa di Malampah, Tigo Nagari, Pasaman.jpg|250px|thumb|right|A landslide in Tigo Nagari District, Pasaman Regency]]
Rescuers were deployed to landslide-affected areas to search for the missing.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rescuers search for survivors after West Sumatra deadly earthquake |url=https://www.thejakartapost.com/indonesia/2022/02/26/rescuers-search-for-survivors-after-west-sumatra-deadly-earthquake.html |access-date=2 January 2023 |agency=Agence France-Presse |publisher=The Jakarta Post |date=26 February 2022}}</ref><ref name="Ryandi">{{cite news |author1=Dimas Ryandi |editor=Saifan Zaking |title=Korban Meninggal Gempa Sumbar Jadi 11 Orang |url=https://www.jawapos.com/nasional/27/02/2022/korban-meninggal-gempa-sumbar-jadi-11-orang/ |access-date=27 February 2022 |agency=Jawa Pos |date=27 February 2022 |language=id |archive-date=27 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227134245/https://www.jawapos.com/nasional/27/02/2022/korban-meninggal-gempa-sumbar-jadi-11-orang/ |url-status=live }}</ref> They also salvaged through rubble.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Nurjana |first1=R. |title=Searchers dig in Indonesia earthquake rubble for victims |url=https://apnews.com/article/environment-and-nature-indonesia-earthquakes-sumatra-a2047ba7bb0c2770a8a0e0419766e4f0 |access-date=2 January 2023 |work=Associated Press News |date=26 February 2022}}</ref> On 1 March, rescuers safely evacuated five individuals trapped under a landslide which occurred in Nagari Kajai, Talamau District.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Febrian Fachri |author2=Ilham Tirta |title=Lima Orang Terjebak Longsor di Pasaman Barat Dievakuasi |url=https://republika.co.id/berita/r82af4485/lima-orang-terjebak-longsor-di-pasaman-barat-dievakuasi |access-date=1 March 2022 |agency=Republika |date=1 March 2022 |language=id |archive-date=2 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220302053106/https://republika.co.id/berita/r82af4485/lima-orang-terjebak-longsor-di-pasaman-barat-dievakuasi |url-status=live }}</ref> The injured were transported to hospitals in the province.<ref name="Nasution">{{cite news |title=Five known dead in Pasaman earthquake: Search And Rescue team |url=https://en.antaranews.com/news/217397/five-known-dead-in-pasaman-earthquake-search-and-rescue-team |access-date=2 January 2023 |agency=Antara |publisher=|editor-last=Nasution |editor-first=R. |date=26 February 2022}}</ref> Bodies were also retrieved from the landslides.<ref>{{cite news |author=Perdana Putra |title=UPDATE Gempa Pasaman, 1 Korban Lagi Ditemukan Meninggal, Tertimbun Longsor Cukup Dalam |url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/03/02/142702578/update-gempa-pasaman-1-korban-lagi-ditemukan-meninggal-tertimbun-longsor |agency=Kompas |language=id |date=2 March 2022 |access-date=2 March 2022 |archive-date=3 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220303213723/https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/03/02/142702578/update-gempa-pasaman-1-korban-lagi-ditemukan-meninggal-tertimbun-longsor |url-status=live }}</ref> On 28 February, a disaster relief volunteer experienced a seizure and died.<ref>{{cite news |title=Innalillahi, Seorang Relawan Gempa Pasbar Meninggal Dunia |url=https://www.kabarsumbar.com/berita/innalillahi-seorang-relawan-gempa-pasbar-meninggal-dunia/ |access-date=1 March 2022 |agency=Kabar Sumbar |date=1 March 2022 |language=id |archive-date=1 March 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220301051938/https://www.kabarsumbar.com/berita/innalillahi-seorang-relawan-gempa-pasbar-meninggal-dunia/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

The BNPB warned residents about the potential for flash floods. Rivers in the affected area had dried up due to blockage upstream caused by landslides.<ref name="Fachri">{{cite news |author1=Febrian Fachri |author2=Agus Yulianto |title=Waspada, Pasca-Gempa Ada Potensi Banjir Bandang di Pasaman Barat |url=https://www.republika.co.id/berita/r7uoze396/waspada-pascagempa-ada-potensi-banjir-bandang-di-pasaman-barat |access-date=25 February 2022 |agency=Republika |date=25 February 2022 |language=id |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225143115/https://www.republika.co.id/berita/r7uoze396/waspada-pascagempa-ada-potensi-banjir-bandang-di-pasaman-barat |url-status=live }}</ref> Residents were urged to stay away from hilly areas due to the threat of landslides and rockslides from rain.<ref>{{cite news |title=Waspada Gempa Susulan, Hindari Kawasan Perbukitan dan Bangunan Rusak |url=https://padek.jawapos.com/sumbar/25/02/2022/waspada-gempa-susulan-hindari-kawasan-perbukitan-dan-bangunan-rusak/ |access-date=25 February 2022 |agency=Padek |date=25 February 2022 |language=id |archive-date=25 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220225143110/https://padek.jawapos.com/sumbar/25/02/2022/waspada-gempa-susulan-hindari-kawasan-perbukitan-dan-bangunan-rusak/ |url-status=live }}</ref> Smoke was observed emitting from Mount Talakmau.<ref name="Putra">{{cite news |author1=Perdana Putra |editor=Gloria Setyvani Putri |title=Pascagempa M 6,1, Gunung Talamau di Pasaman Barat Keluarkan Asap dan Longsor |url=https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/02/25/205214078/pascagempa-m-61-gunung-talamau-di-pasaman-barat-keluarkan-asap-dan-longsor |agency=Kompas |access-date=26 February 2022 |language=id |date=25 February 2022 |archive-date=26 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220226013740/https://regional.kompas.com/read/2022/02/25/205214078/pascagempa-m-61-gunung-talamau-di-pasaman-barat-keluarkan-asap-dan-longsor |url-status=live }}</ref> The BNPB confirmed volcanic activity on the volcano and some residents were evacuated as a precautionary measure.<ref name="Putra" />

Minister of Social Affairs, [[Tri Rismaharini]], visited some evacuation centers. According to her, logistics distributed 2,000&nbsp;packs of [[ready-to-eat food]]. Additional aid including tents and sanitary kits were also transported. The families of individuals killed were compensated Rp&nbsp;15&nbsp;million as a form of assistance.<ref name="Prayogi">{{cite news |author1=Agam Prayogi |editor=Miechell Octovy Koagouw |title=Korban Gempa Pasbar Terima 2.000 Paket Makanan |url=https://rri.co.id/tanggap-bencana/1370495/korban-gempa-pasbar-terima-2-000-paket-makanan |access-date=26 February 2022 |agency=Radio Republik Indonesia |date=26 February 2022 |language=id |archive-date=28 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220228093200/https://rri.co.id/tanggap-bencana/1370495/korban-gempa-pasbar-terima-2-000-paket-makanan |url-status=dead }}</ref> President [[Joko Widodo]] ordered the deployment of humanitarian aid consisting of sugar, oil, rice, biscuits, mineral water and tea bags, among other necessities via trucks.<ref>{{Cite news|last1=Haikal|first1=M.|title=Jokowi Kirim Bantuan Sembako ke Korban Gempa Pasbar dan Pasaman|url=https://katasumbar.com/jokowi-kirim-bantuan-sembako-ke-korban-gempa-pasbar-dan-pasaman/amp/|agency=Katasumbar|trans-title=Jokowi Sends Basic Food Aid to Pasbar and Pasaman Earthquake Victims|date=1 March 2022|access-date=4 March 2022|language=Indonesian|archive-date=5 March 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220305155601/https://katasumbar.com/jokowi-kirim-bantuan-sembako-ke-korban-gempa-pasbar-dan-pasaman/amp/|url-status=live}}</ref>

Homes that were slightly damaged would be repaired by the district government body. Moderate to heavily damaged homes would be rebuilt by the provincial and central government, respectively.<ref name="Yenti">{{cite news |author1=Juni Fitra Yenti |title=BNPB: Pemerintah akan Perbaiki Rumah Rusak Terdampak Gempa Pasaman Barat M 6,2 |url=https://padang.harianhaluan.com/reportase/pr-1062757427/bnpb-pemerintah-akan-perbaiki-rumah-rusak-terdampak-gempa-pasaman-barat-m-62 |access-date=27 February 2022 |work=Padang Harian Haluan |date=27 February 2022 |language=id |archive-date=27 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220227023627/https://padang.harianhaluan.com/reportase/pr-1062757427/bnpb-pemerintah-akan-perbaiki-rumah-rusak-terdampak-gempa-pasaman-barat-m-62 |url-status=live }}</ref> In October of 2022, the BNPB assisted in repairing 1,111 homes in West Pasaman Regency through the provision of Rp 27 billion to the local government. Assistance in Rp 50 million, 20 million and 3–5 million were allocated to homes with heavy, moderate and light damage, respectively.<ref name="pasamanbaratkab1">{{cite web |title=Kepala BNPB Kunker dan Monev Penanggulangan Bencana di Pasbar, Pemkab Pasbar Terima Rp 27,7 Milyar Lebih Dana Pembangunan Rumah|trans-title=Head of BNPB Kunker and Monev for Disaster Management in Pasbar, Pasbar Regency Government Receives Rp. 27.7 billion more in Housing Development Funds |url=https://pasamanbaratkab.go.id/home/kepala-bnpb-kunker-dan-monev-penanggulangan-bencana-di-pasbar-pemkab-pasbar-terima-rp-277-milyar-lebih-dana-pembangunan-rumah |access-date=2 January 2023 |publisher=Portal Kabupaten Pasaman Barat |date=16 October 2022 |language=id}}</ref> On 19 October, construction began for a damaged mosque in West Pasaman Regency under a Rp 800 million budget.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Tirta |first1=I. |title=Satu Masjid Terdampak Gempa di Pasaman Barat Mulai Dibangun|trans-title=One Mosque Affected by the Earthquake in West Pasaman Begins to be Built |url=https://www.republika.co.id/berita/rk0eev485/satu-masjid-terdampak-gempa-di-pasaman-barat-mulai-dibangun |access-date=2 January 2023 |agency=Antara |website=Republika |date=19 October 2022 |language=id}}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Earth sciences|Indonesia}}
* [[List of earthquakes in 2022]]
* [[List of earthquakes in Indonesia]]
* [[List of earthquakes in Malaysia]]

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|2022 Sumatra earthquake}}
*{{ReliefWeb-link|https://reliefweb.int/map/indonesia/earthquake-indonesia-67km-nw-bukittinggi-magnitude-62-depth-1234-25-january-2022}}
*{{cite web |last1=Petley |first1=Dave |title=Mount Talakmau: landslides from the 25 February 2022 Sumatra Earthquake |url=https://blogs.agu.org/landslideblog/2022/03/29/mount-talakmau-1/ |publisher=[[American Geophysical Union]] |date=29 March 2022}}
*{{EQ-isc-link|622071228}}
*{{cite AV media |date=26 July 2022 |title=Quick Quake Briefing – Indonesia M6.2 Earthquake on Sumatra Island of February 25, 2022 |type= video |language= |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k5Le9gMZZHM |publisher=Earthquake Engineering Research Institute |via=YouTube}}
*[https://www.bmkg.go.id/berita/?p=peta-isoseismal-gempabumi-pasamanan-barat-sumatra-barat-25-februari-2022&lang=ID&tag=peta-isoseismal Isoseismal Map of the West Pasaman Earthquake - West Sumatra, 25 February 2022] at BMKG.

{{Earthquakes in 2022}}
{{Earthquakes in Indonesia}}
{{2022 floods}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sumatra earthquake, 2022}}
[[Category:2022 earthquakes|Indonesia]]
[[Category:2022 disasters in Indonesia]]
[[Category:2022 floods in Asia]]
[[Category:21st century in Sumatra|2022 earthquake]]
[[Category:Disasters in Sumatra|2022 earthquake]]
[[Category:Earthquakes in Sumatra]]
[[Category:February 2022 events in Indonesia]]
[[Category:Floods in Indonesia]]
[[Category:History of West Sumatra|2022 earthquake]]
[[Category:Landslides in 2022]]
[[Category:Landslides in Indonesia]]
[[Category:Strike-slip earthquakes]]