View source for Prince Philippe, Count of Paris

{{Short description|French royal; pretender to the French throne (1848–94).}}
{{redirect|Louis Philippe II|the duke|Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2021}} 
{{Infobox royalty
| name         = Prince Philippe 
| title        = [[Count of Paris]]
| image        = Portret van Louis Philippe Albert d'Orléans, Comte de Paris, RP-F-F01142-BP.jpg
| caption      = Prince Philippe, {{circa|1890}}
| succession  = [[Orléanist#|Orléanist pretender to the French throne]]<br /><small>as Louis Philippe II</small>
| reign       = 24 February 1848 - 5 August 1873
| reign-type  = Pretence
| predecessor = [[Louis Philippe I]]
| successor   = ''Claim ended''
| reign1       = 24 August 1883 - 8 September 1894
| reign-type1  = Pretence
| predecessor1 = ''[[Henri, Count of Chambord|Henri V]]''
| successor1   = ''[[Prince Philippe, Duke of Orléans (1869–1926)|Philippe VIII]]''
| succession1  = [[Orléanist#List of claimants to the French throne since 1848|Unionist pretender to the French throne]]<br /><small>as Philippe VII</small>
| spouse       = {{marriage|[[Princess Marie Isabelle of Orléans|Infanta Maria Isabel of Spain]]|30 May 1864}}
| issue        = [[Amélie of Orléans|Amélie, Queen of Portugal]]<br>[[Prince Philippe, Duke of Orléans (1869–1926)|Prince Philippe, Duke of Orléans]]<br>[[Princess Hélène of Orléans|Princess Hélène, Duchess of Aosta]]<br>[[Princess Isabelle of Orléans (1878–1961)|Princess Isabelle, Duchess of Guise]]<br>[[Princess Louise of Orléans|Louise, Infanta Carlos of Spain]]<br>[[Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Montpensier]]
| birth_date   = {{Birth date|1838|8|24|df=y}}
| birth_place  = [[Tuileries Palace]]
| death_date   = {{Death date and age|1894|9|8|1838|8|24|df=y}}
| death_place  = [[Stowe House]], England
| burial_place = Chapel of St. Charles Borromeo, [[Weybridge]] <small>(1894&ndash;1958)</small><br />[[Chapelle royale de Dreux|Royal Chapel of Dreux]] <small>(since 1958)</small>
| house        = [[House of Orléans|Orléans]]
| father       = [[Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans|Prince Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans]]
| mother       = [[Duchess Helene of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]
| religion     = [[Roman Catholicism]]
| signature    = Signature of Prince Louis Philippe of Orléans, Count of Paris.png
| full name    = Louis Philippe Albert d'Orléans
}}

'''Prince Philippe of Orléans, Count of Paris''' (Louis Philippe Albert; 24 August 1838 – 8 September 1894), was disputedly [[List of French monarchs|King of the French]] from 24 to 26 February 1848 as '''Louis Philippe II''', although he was never officially proclaimed as such. He was the grandson of [[Louis-Philippe of France|Louis Philippe I]], [[King of the French]]. He was the [[Count of Paris]] as [[Orléanist]] claimant to the French throne from 1848 until his death. From 1883, when his cousin [[Henri, Count of Chambord]] died, he was often referred to by Orléanists as '''Philippe VII'''.

==Early life==

Prince Philippe became the ''Prince Royal'', [[heir apparent]] to the throne, when his father, [[Prince Ferdinand-Philippe of France|Prince Ferdinand-Philippe, Duc d'Orléans]], died in a carriage accident in 1842. Although there was some effort during the days after the abdication of his grandfather in 1848 to put him on the throne under the name of '''Louis-Philippe II''', with his mother ([[Helene of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]) as [[Regent]], this came to nothing. They fled, and the [[French Second Republic]] was proclaimed.

==American Civil War==
[[File:GeorgeMcClellan1861a.jpg|thumb|left|Philippe d'Orléans (first from right) with staff and dignitaries of [[General McClellan]] (center). To his right, his uncle [[François d'Orléans]]]]

A historian, journalist and outspoken democrat, Philippe volunteered to serve as a [[Union Army]] officer in the [[American Civil War]] along with his younger brother, [[Prince Robert, Duke of Chartres]]. He was appointed as an [[Assistant Adjutant General|assistant adjutant general]] with the rank of captain on 24 September 1861 and served under the name of Philippe d'Orléans, the Count of Paris.  He served on the staff of the commander of the [[Army of the Potomac]], Major General [[George B. McClellan]], for nearly a year. He distinguished himself during the unsuccessful [[Peninsular Campaign]].  He resigned from the Union Army, along with his brother, on 15 July 1862.  Philippe's ''History of the Civil War in America'' is considered a standard reference work on the subject.{{Citation needed|date=April 2014}}

During their stay in the United States, the princes were accompanied by their uncle, the [[François d'Orléans, Prince of Joinville|Prince of Joinville]], who painted many watercolours of their stay. On 10 November 1880 Philippe was elected as a companion of the first class (i.e. a veteran officer) of the Pennsylvania Commandery of the [[Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States]] – an organization of Union officers who had served during the American Civil War.  He was assigned insignia number 2107. His eldest son, [[Prince Philippe, Duke of Orléans (1869–1926)|Philippe d'Orleans]], was elected as a 2nd class member (i.e. an eldest son of a veteran officer) in 1890 and succeeded to first class membership in the Order upon Philippe's death.{{Citation needed|date=July 2021}}

==Marriage and issue==
On 30 May 1864 at [[St Raphael's Church, Surbiton|St. Raphael's Church]] in [[Kingston upon Thames|Kingston upon Thames, England]] he married his paternal first cousin, [[Princess Marie Isabelle d'Orléans]] (1848–1919), Infanta of Spain. She was daughter of [[Infanta Luisa Fernanda of Spain]] and [[Prince Antoine, Duke of Montpensier]] (1824–1890), the youngest son of [[Louis-Philippe of France]] and [[Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily]]. They had eight children:

*[[Amélie of Orléans|Princess Amélie d'Orléans]] (1865–1951); married [[Carlos I of Portugal]] in 1886.
*[[Prince Philippe, Duke of Orléans (1869–1926)|Prince Louis ''Philippe'' Robert d'Orléans, Duke of Orléans]] (1869–1926); married [[Archduchess Maria Dorothea of Austria]], daughter of [[Archduke Joseph Karl of Austria]] in 1896,
*[[Princess Hélène of Orléans]] (1871–1951); married [[Prince Emanuele Filiberto, Duke of Aosta (1869–1931)|Emmanuel Philibert, 2nd Duke of Aosta]] in 1895.
*Prince Charles d'Orléans (1875–1875).
*[[Princess Isabelle of Orléans (1878–1961)|Princess Isabelle d'Orléans]] (1878–1961); married [[Jean d'Orléans, duc de Guise|Prince Jean D'Orléans, Duke of Guise]] in 1899.
*Prince Jacques d'Orléans (1880–1881).
*[[Princess Louise of Orléans|Princess Louise d'Orléans]] (1882–1958); married [[Prince Carlos of Bourbon-Two Sicilies]] in 1907. Through her daughter, [[Maria Mercedes of Bourbon-Two Sicilies]], she was the grandmother of King [[Juan Carlos I of Spain]].
*[[Prince Ferdinand, Duke of Montpensier|Prince Ferdinand d'Orléans, Duke of Montpensier]] (1884–1924); married Marie Isabelle Gonzales de Olañeta y Ibaretta, Marchioness of Valdeterrazo in 1921.

==Restoration of French monarchy==
The Orleans family had been in exile in England since the [[French Revolution of 1848|Revolution of 1848]] which toppled King Louis Philippe. During their early married life, the Count and Countess of Paris lived at [[York House, Twickenham]]. However, in 1871 after the [[Franco-Prussian War]] and the downfall of [[Napoleon III]], they were allowed to return to France, and many of their properties were restored to them. In 1873, anticipating a restoration of the monarchy by the largely monarchist [[French National Assembly|National Assembly]] that had been elected following the fall of Napoleon III, the Count of Paris withdrew his claims to the defunct French throne in favour of the [[Legitimists|legitimist]] claimant, [[Henri, comte de Chambord|Henri V]], best known as the ''Comte de Chambord''. It was assumed by most that the Count of Paris was Chambord's heir-presumptive, and would thus be able to succeed to the throne upon the childless Chambord's death, reuniting the two claims that had divided French monarchists since 1830. However, Chambord's refusal to recognize the tricolor as the [[Flag of France|French flag]] sabotaged hopes of a restoration, and Chambord died in 1883 without ever specifically recognizing his [[Orléanist]] rival as his heir-presumptive.

Upon the Count of Chambord's death, the Count of Paris was recognized by most monarchists as '''Philippe VII of France'''. This succession was disputed by the [[Carlism|Carlist]] descendants of the [[House of Bourbon|Bourbon]] kings of [[Spain]], who argued that being descended directly from [[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]] their claim was greater than that of the Orléanists'; however, this argument pointedly ignored [[Philip V of Spain]]'s renunciation of his and his descendants' claim to the French throne pursuant to the [[Treaty of Utrecht]].

In 1886 the family was exiled again returning to the United Kingdom, where they first lived at Sheen House, near Richmond, where the young [[Rosa Lewis]] was a member of their household.<ref>Hanson, The Wandering Princess, 37, 78.</ref> In 1890 they moved to the much grander [[Stowe House]], where he died in 1894.<ref>Hanson, The Wandering Princess, 66, 86</ref> He was succeeded as claimant to the defunct French throne by his son [[Prince Philippe, Duke of Orléans (1869–1926)|Prince Philippe]].

==Honours==
* {{flag|Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach}}: Grand Cross of the [[Order of the White Falcon]], ''24 August 1856''<ref>''Staatshandbuch für das Großherzogtum Sachsen / Sachsen-Weimar-Eisenach'' (1869), "Großherzogliche Hausorden" p. [https://zs.thulb.uni-jena.de/rsc/viewer/jportal_derivate_00183908/Staatshandbuch_Film_Nr_14_0018.tif 15] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200608124432/https://zs.thulb.uni-jena.de/rsc/viewer/jportal_derivate_00183908/Staatshandbuch_Film_Nr_14_0018.tif |date=8 June 2020 }}</ref>
* {{flag|Denmark}}: Knight of the [[Order of the Elephant]], ''22 October 1885''<ref name="Statskalendar">{{cite book |year=1893 |orig-year=1st pub.:1801 |editor1-last=Bille-Hansen |editor1-first=A. C. |editor2-last=Holck |editor2-first=Harald |title=Statshaandbog for Kongeriget Danmark for Aaret 1893 |trans-title=State Manual of the Kingdom of Denmark for the Year 1893 |url=https://dis-danmark.dk/bibliotek/918027.pdf#page=34 |series=Kongelig Dansk Hof- og Statskalender |language=da |location=Copenhagen |publisher=J.H. Schultz A.-S. Universitetsbogtrykkeri |page=5 |access-date=26 June 2020 |via=[[:da:DIS Danmark]]}}</ref>
* {{flag|Kingdom of Portugal}}: Grand Cross of the [[Sash of the Two Orders]], ''22 May 1886''<ref>Flers, ''Le comte de Paris''</ref><ref>{{cite book|editor=Stéphane Bern|title=Moi Amélie, dernière reine de Portugal|language=fr|pages=112–113}}</ref>

==Ancestry==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|boxstyle_5=background-color: #9fe;
|1= 1. '''Prince Philippe, Count of Paris'''
|2= 2. [[Prince Ferdinand Philippe, Duke of Orléans]]
|3= 3. [[Duchess Helene of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]
|4= 4. [[Louis Philippe I|Louis Philippe I of France]]
|5= 5. [[Maria Amalia of Naples and Sicily|Princess Marie Amélie of Naples and Sicily]]
|6= 6. [[Frederick Louis, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]
|7= 7. [[Princess Caroline Louise of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]]
|8= 8. [[Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans]]
|9= 9. [[Louise Marie Adélaïde de Bourbon]]
|10= 10. [[Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies]]
|11= 11. [[Maria Carolina of Austria|Archduchess Maria Carolina of Austria]]
|12= 12. [[Frederick Francis I, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin]]
|13= 13. [[Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg (1756–1808)|Princess Louise of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg]]
|14= 14. [[Charles Augustus, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach]]
|15= 15. [[Princess Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt (1757–1830)|Princess Louise of Hesse-Darmstadt]]
}}

==Bibliography==

* Flers, Hyacinthe, marquis de. ''Le comte de Paris''. Paris: Perrin, 1888.
* Hanson, Edward. "The Wandering Princess: Princess Hélène of France, Duchess of Aosta".  Fonthill, 2017.

==See also==
{{portal|American Civil War}}
*[[Count of Paris]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{wikisource author}}

{{S-start}}
{{S-hou|[[House of Orléans]]|24 August,|1838|8 September,|1894|[[House of Bourbon]]}}
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{{s-end}}

{{French Pretenders}}
{{Princes of Orléans}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Philippe of Paris, Count}}
[[Category:Prince Philippe, Count of Paris| ]]
[[Category:1838 births]]
[[Category:1894 deaths]]
[[Category:19th-century French people]]
[[Category:French Roman Catholics]]
[[Category:Dukes of Montpensier]]
[[Category:Counts of Paris]]
[[Category:Orléanist pretenders to the French throne]]
[[Category:Union Army officers]]
[[Category:Burials at the Chapelle royale de Dreux]]
[[Category:Princes of France (Orléans)]]
[[Category:Heirs apparent who never acceded]]
[[Category:Fellows of the Royal Society]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Christ (Portugal)|2]]
[[Category:Grand Crosses of the Order of Aviz|2]]
[[Category:Child pretenders]]