View source for Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria

{{Short description|Spanish and Portuguese prince (1609-1641)}}{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Cardinal
| honorific_prefix = [[His Eminence]]
| name = Infante Ferdinand 
| title = [[Cardinal (Catholicism)#Cardinal deacon|Cardinal-Deacon]] of [[Santa Maria in Portico]]
| image = Anton van Dyck - The Cardinal-Infante Fernando de Austria.jpg
| image_size = 250
| caption = Portrait by [[Anthony van Dyck]], 1634
| church = [[Roman Catholic Church]]
| archdiocese = 
| province = 
| metropolis = 
| diocese = 
| see = 
| enthroned = 29 July 1619
| ended = 9 November 1641
| predecessor = [[Ferdinando Gonzaga, Duke of Mantua|Ferdinando Gonzaga]]
| successor = [[Virginio Orsini (cardinal)|Virginio Orsini]]
| ordination = 
| consecration = 
| cardinal = 29 July 1619
| created_cardinal_by = [[Pope Paul V|Paul V]]
| rank = Cardinal-Deacon
| other_post = [[Archbishop of Toledo|Apostolic Administrator of Toledo]]<br>[[Governor of the Spanish Netherlands]]<br/>[[Governor of the Duchy of Milan]]
<!---------- Personal details ---------->
| birth_name = 
| birth_date = {{Birth date|1609|05|16|df=y}}
| birth_place = [[San Lorenzo de El Escorial]], [[Habsburg Spain|Kingdom of Spain]]
| death_date = {{Death date and age|1641|11|9|1609|05|16|df=y}}
| death_place = [[City of Brussels|Brussels]], [[Duchy of Brabant]] [[Spanish Netherlands]]
| buried = [[El Escorial]]
| nationality = 
| religion = [[Catholic]]
| residence = 
| parents = [[Philip III of Spain]]<br>[[Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain|Margaret of Austria]]
| module = {{collapsed infobox section begin
| last             = yes
| Govermental posts
| titlestyle       = border:1px dashed lightgrey;
}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| embed            = yes
| office = [[List of governors of the Habsburg Netherlands|Governor of the Spanish Netherlands]]
| monarch = [[Philip IV of Spain|Philip IV]]
| term_start =  1 December 1630 
| term_end   =  9 November 1641
| predecessor = [[Isabella Clara Eugenia]] 
| successor   = [[Francisco de Melo]]<br> ''as acting governor''
| office1      = [[Governor of the Duchy of Milan]]
| monarch1     = Philip IV
| termstart1  = 1633
| termend1    = July 1634
| predecessor1   = [[Gómez Suárez de Figueroa, 3rd Duke of Feria|Gómez Suárez de Figueroa]]
| successor1   =  [[Cardinal Gil de Albornoz]]
{{collapsed infobox section end}}}}
}}
'''Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand''' (also known as '''Don Fernando de Austria''', '''Cardenal-Infante Fernando de España''' and as '''Ferdinand von Österreich'''; May 1609 or 1610<ref>Conflicting sources of his birth. Dates given are 16 May 1609 and 24 May 1610.</ref> – 9 November 1641) was a Spanish and Portuguese prince ([[Infante]] of Spain, Infante of Portugal (until 1640)), [[Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands|Governor of the Spanish Netherlands]], [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal of the Holy Catholic Church]],  [[Archduke]] of Austria, [[Archbishop of Toledo]] (1619–41), and a general during the [[Thirty Years' War]], the [[Eighty Years' War]], and the [[Franco-Spanish War (1635-1659)|Franco-Spanish War]]. He is commonly considered the last great commander and strategist of the [[Spanish Empire]], whose premature death in a critical moment helped bring about the end of Spanish hegemony in Europe.<ref>{{cite book|last=Benavides López-Escobar|first=José Ignacio|title=El Cardenal Infante (La esperanza frustrada de la monarquía hispánica, 1609-1641)|date=2021|publisher=La Esfera de los Libros|isbn=978-8491648659}}</ref> He is, as well, one of few generals undefeated on the battlefield.

== Biography ==
{{House of Habsburg (Spain)}}

=== Youth ===
Born at the [[El Escorial]] near [[Madrid]], Spain in 1609<sup>1</sup>, he was the son of the [[King of Spain]] and [[King of Portugal|Portugal]], [[Philip III of Spain|Philip III and II]] and [[Margaret of Austria (1584-1611)|Margaret of Austria]], sister of [[Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Ferdinand II]].<ref>Parker, Geoffrey and Simon Adams, ''The Thirty Years' War'', (Routledge, 1984), 292.</ref> His older siblings were [[Philip IV of Spain|King Philip IV and III]] and the French queen [[Anne of Austria]].

As his father wished that he pursue an ecclesiastical career, Ferdinand was elevated to the Primacy of Spain in 1619, becoming [[Archbishop of Toledo]].<ref>Zimmerman, Benedict, ''Carmel in England'', (Burns & Oates, Limited, 1899), 166.</ref> Shortly afterwards he was created [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]]. The style Cardinal-Infante was a combination of his dignity as Cardinal and his station as a royal Prince (''[[Infante]]'' in Spanish) of Spain. 
=== Events leading to the Battle of Nördlingen ===
In 1630 the Cardinal Infante's aunt Isabella Clara Eugenia planned to make him her successor as governor of the [[Spanish Netherlands]]. To move to the Netherlands in a style befitting a governor, a strong army had to accompany him. Travel by ship from Spain was not an option as it would expose him to risk of battle with the Dutch navy in the then ongoing [[Eighty Years' War]], so in 1633, he went to [[Genoa]], having quit his governorship of [[Catalonia]] where he had been trained.  He met with an army from Milan for a planned march through the famous [[Spanish Road|Spanish Way]] across [[Lombardy]], [[County of Tyrol|Tyrol]], and [[Swabia]], and then following the [[Rhine]] to the Netherlands. Ferdinand also planned to secure this supply route with a string of garrisons, and to support the army of King [[Ferdinand III of Hungary]], his brother-in-law the emperor's son and heir, who was leading the Imperial army facing the [[Gustavus Adolphus|Swedes]] in the [[Thirty Years' War]].

Since disease delayed his travels, he sent half of his army ahead under the command of the [[Gomez Suarez de Figueroa y Córdoba, Duke of Feria|Duke of Feria]]. However, this army was severely depleted during fighting with the Swedish army of [[Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar]] and [[Gustaf Horn]]. The Spanish requested 4000 cavalry from the Imperial general [[Albrecht von Wallenstein]], but this being denied, the Spanish had to fund the troops on their own. The Cardinal-Infante was able to continue his travels in 1634, collecting in [[Bavaria]] the remains of the army of Feria, who had died in January 1634.

=== Battle of Nördlingen ===
{{Main article|Battle of Nördlingen (1634)}}

Meanwhile, Ferdinand of Hungary was able to defeat the Swedish army at [[Regensburg]] in July 1634. Ferdinand and his cousin the Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand then raced to merge their armies. The Swedish forces of Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar and Gustaf Horn desperately tried to prevent this merger, but were unable to catch up with Ferdinand of Hungary. The Cardinal-Infante crossed the [[Danube]] in August 1634. In September both armies were able to merge, and camped south of [[Nördlingen]] in [[Swabia]]. At that time Nördlingen was protected by a small Swedish garrison. Shortly thereafter, the armies of Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar and Gustaf Horn also reached Nördlingen, preparing the events for the decisive [[Battle of Nördlingen (1634)|Battle of Nördlingen]]. Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand and his cousin [[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand]] then prepared for battle, ignoring the advice of the more experienced generals, such as the Imperial general [[Matthias Gallas]]. Bernhard and Horn also prepared for battle, but they were by now rivals and in disagreement with each other. They also underestimated the numerically superior enemy forces, due to incorrect reports that did not realize the Spanish Army of the late Duke of Feria had joined the Cardinal-Infante and believed that the enemy forces numbered only 7,000, not 21,000 infantry, compared to 16,000 Swedish infantry. During the battle, almost anything that could go wrong went wrong for the Swedish forces, in large part due to the efforts of the Spanish Infantry, so that the two Ferdinands achieved a great victory. The Swedish army that fled to [[Heilbronn]] was only a shadow of its former self.

=== The Spanish Netherlands ===
[[File:Archduke Ferdinand (1635) by Peter Paul Rubens. Ringling Museum.jpg|thumb|Archduke Ferdinand in 1635 depicted by Flemish painter [[Peter Paul Rubens]]. Collection of John and Mable Ringling Museum of Art]]
The King of Hungary tried to convince his cousin to stay and to strengthen their hold on Germany, but the Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand moved his troops almost immediately after the battle to continue to [[City of Brussels|Brussels]]. At the end of 1634 he entered Brussels with all the glory befitting a Governor-General. Due to the unpopularity of the clergy in Brussels, he downplayed his religious status and instead emphasized his worldly ranks. Ferdinand was a skilled politician and diplomat, and quickly reformed the government and the military. He especially managed to win the support of the [[Flemings]] against France. However, his powers were secretly limited, and the leader of his army was instructed to follow Spanish orders instead of Ferdinand's orders if necessary.

In 1635, the French attacked [[Namur (city)|Namur]], planning to merge with the Dutch near [[Maastricht]] but were held off by well prepared defenses. At the [[siege of Leuven]], the invading Franco-Dutch forces, suffering badly from supply problems and greatly depleted by disease and desertion, were forced to withdraw when a Spanish relief force arrived. This allowed Spanish forces under Ferdinand to go on the offensive. The Dutch were driven back and the French retreated. Ferdinand subsequently was able to capture [[Diest]], [[Goch]], [[Gennep]], [[Limbourg]], and [[Schenkenschanz]].

[[File:Coat of Arms of Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria.svg|thumb|left|230px|Coat of Arms of the Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Spain.]]
[[File:Antoon van den Heuvel - Ferdinand Receives the Keys of the City from the Virgin of Ghent.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|left|"Ferdinand Receives the Keys of the City from the Virgin of Ghent", print after a painting made by [[Antoon van den Heuvel]] for the [[Joyous Entry]] by the Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand into [[Ghent]] in 1635]]

In 1636, Ferdinand disempowered the last Protestant priests in the Spanish Netherlands, and continued his military counter-offensive by capturing [[Hirson]], [[Le Catelet]], and [[La Capelle]], and securing [[Luxembourg]] using the usual mixed nationalities typical of the early modern age that included [[Croatia]]n troops, and reaching as far a stronghold in France as [[Corbie]] during the [[Crossing of the Somme]], threatening Paris.

In 1637, with Spanish forces concentrated in the fight with the French, a relatively lightly defended [[Breda (Netherlands)|Breda]], that had been under Spanish control for twelve years, was [[Siege of Breda (1637)|recaptured]] by the Dutch after a 3-month siege by the [[Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange|Prince of Orange]]. The loss of Breda was a blow to Spanish prestige but was of much less strategic significance than the gains made by Ferdinand that year in taking the Dutch towns of [[Venlo]] and [[Roermond]] in the [[Meuse (river)|Meuse valley]], effectively cutting [[Maastricht]] from the Dutch Republic and, thus, preventing further Dutch attacks on the Spanish Netherlands from the east.<ref>Van Nimwegen, Olaf: ''The Dutch Army and the Military Revolutions, 1588-1688''. Woodbridge: The Boydell Press, 2010. {{ISBN|9781843835752}}, pp. 254–255.</ref><ref name="'t Hart">'t Hart, Marjolein: ''The Dutch Wars of Independence: Warfare and Commerce in the Netherlands 1570-1680''. Oxon: Routledge, 2014. {{ISBN|9781317812548}}, p. 27.</ref> In the southern front Ferdinand lost the towns of [[La Capelle]], [[Landrecies]], and [[Damvillers]] to the French, but then he forced them to retreat south of [[Maubeuge]].<ref>Thion, Stéphane: ''French Armies of the Thirty Years' War''. Auzielle: LRT Editions, 2008. {{ISBN|9782917747018}}, p. 23.</ref>

In 1638, Ferdinand's army successfully defended [[Antwerp]], [[Saint-Omer]] and [[Geldern]] from the Dutch and French armies.<ref>González de León, Fernando: ''The Road to Rocroi: Class, Culture and Command in the Spanish Army of Flanders, 1567-1659''. Leiden: Brill, 2009. {{ISBN|9789004170827}}, p. 235.</ref> Ferdinand achieved a great victory over the Dutch at the [[Battle of Kallo]]. In a letter to his brother the King of Spain shortly afterwards, Ferdinand described the battle as "''the greatest victory which your Majesty's arms have achieved since the war in the Low Countries began''".<ref>Israel, Jonathan: ''Conflicts of Empires: Spain, the Low Countries and the Struggle for World Supremacy, 1585-1713''. London: The Hambledon Press, 1997. {{ISBN|9781852851613}}, p. 83.</ref> 

In 1639, Ferdinand managed again to thwart Franco-Dutch plans. The Dutch navy destroyed an important Spanish fleet in the [[Battle of the Downs]], off the English coast, but it failed to prevent most of the army it was carrying, some 7,000 to 10,500 infantry, from landing at Dunkirk.<ref name="Nimwegen260">Van Nimwegen, p. 260.</ref> While Ferdinand frustrated the Prince of Orange's move against [[Hulst]], an Imperial-Spanish army under [[Ottavio Piccolomini|Count Piccolomini]] destroyed the main French army in the south at the [[Relief of Thionville|Battle of Thionville]].<ref name="Nimwegen260"/>

In 1640, Dutch attacks on Hulst and [[Bruges]] were repelled by the local Spanish garrisons under the Cardinal-Infante.<ref>Guthrie, William P.: ''The Later Thirty Years War: From the Battle of Wittstock to the Treaty of Westphalia''. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2007. {{ISBN|9780313324086}}, p. 168.</ref> In the south, after a failed attack on the Spanish fortress of [[Fort of Charlemont|Charlemont]] in [[Givet]], the French army launched a great offensive upon [[Arras, France|Arras]], the capital of the County of Artois. Ferdinand took the command of the army and attempted unsuccessfully to break the French lines.{{Citation needed|date=April 2024}} The city finally surrendered on 9 August. Its capture was the first victory of importance for the French in the war after five years of fighting.<ref>Maffi, Davide: ''La gran ilusión: Francia en guerra (1635–1643)''. In ''Desperta Ferro Moderna'', 9. Madrid: April–May 2014, {{ISSN|2255-0542}} p. 36.</ref>

[[File:Diego Velázquez - Retrato del Cardinal-Infante Fernando de Austria.jpg|thumb|200px|Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria as [[Actaeon]] by [[Diego Velázquez]]]]

=== Fall from grace ===
More dangerous than his military enemies, however, were his enemies at the Spanish court. Numerous rumours and lies floated about, and it was claimed that Ferdinand was planning to become an independent ruler of the Spanish Netherlands with the help of the French King, an enemy of Spain. This rumour was enhanced by another rumour that the French court was planning to marry Ferdinand to [[Anne Marie Louise d'Orléans, Duchess of Montpensier]], the (eldest) daughter of [[Gaston, Duke of Orléans]], the French king's brother. The former claim was untrue however his sister [[Anne of Austria]] did suggest a marriage between Ferdinand and Anne Marie Louise, the greatest heiress in Europe. Making matters worse, the Spanish empire was under intense pressure militarily and financially; the Cardinal-Infante was even given conflicting orders to send troops to Spain to aid against the 1640 [[Portuguese Restoration War|Portuguese uprising]].

== Battles ==
Ferdinand was never heavily invested in religion, he was forced into the role under the wish of his father, [[Philip III of Spain|Philip III]], as a Spanish tradition of sending one son to the church. He was essentially good at anything else but religion.<ref name="de Aedo">De Aedo Y Gallart, D. (1635). El memorable y glorioso viaje del infante cardenal D. Fernando de Austria.</ref> It was during his short yet highly successful military career that he was finally able to achieve the military glory he was longing for. He was highly successful and considered by many, including his own brother [[Philip IV of Spain|Philip IV]], as the best general of the time.<ref name="de Aedo"/> Despite that, it is attributed to the shortness of his career and longevity that he wouldn't be as publicized in contemporary media. Regardless, many contemporary sources still consider him as the last great general of the [[Spanish Empire]] and his record proves nonetheless.<ref>{{cite book|last=Benavides López-Escobar|first=José Ignacio|title=El Cardenal Infante (La esperanza frustrada de la monarquía hispánica, 1609-1641)|date=2021|publisher=La Esfera de los Libros|isbn=978-8491648659}}</ref> Provided below is the list of battles recorded on Wikipedia in which Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand has held command:


{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- bgcolor="BLUE"
!data-sort-type=date | Date
!Battle
!Allied commanders
!Opposing commanders
!Result
|-
| 6 September 1634
| '''[[Battle of Nördlingen (1634)|Battle of Nördlingen]]'''
| 
{{flagicon|Spanish Empire}} [[Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand]]<br/>{{flagicon|Spanish Empire}} [[Diego Felipez de Guzmán, 1st Marquess of Leganés|Count Leganés]]<br/>{{Flagicon|Holy Roman Empire}} [[Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor|Ferdinand of Hungary]]<br/>{{Flagicon|Holy Roman Empire}} [[Matthias Gallas]]<br/>{{Flagicon|Holy Roman Empire}} [[Ottavio Piccolomini]]
| {{flagicon|Sweden|1562}} [[Gustav Horn, Count of Pori|Gustav Horn]] {{POW}}<br>{{Flagicon image|Wappen Heilbronn.svg|size=15px|border=no}} [[Bernhard of Saxe-Weimar]]<br>{{Flagicon image|Wappen Heilbronn.svg|size=15px|border=no}} [[Johann Philipp Kratz von Scharffenstein|Johann von Scharffenstein]] {{POW}}
| bgcolor="#99ff99"|Imperial-Spanish victory
|-
| 24 June &ndash; 4 July 1635
| '''[[Siege of Leuven]]'''
| {{flagicon|Spanish Empire}} [[Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand]]<br>{{flagicon|Spanish Empire}} [[Anthonie Schetz]]<br>{{flagicon|Holy Roman Empire}} [[Ottavio Piccolomini]]
| {{flagicon|United Provinces}} [[Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange|Prince Frederick Henry]]<br>{{flagicon|Kingdom of France}} [[Urbain de Maillé-Brezé|Marquis de Brézé]]<br>{{flagicon|Kingdom of France}} [[Gaspard III de Coligny|Maréchal de Châtillon]]
| bgcolor="#99ff99"|Imperial-Spanish victory
|-
| 27&ndash;28 July 1635
| [[Capture of Schenkenschans]]
| {{flagicon|Spain|1506}} [[Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand]]<br>{{flagicon|Spain|1506}} [[Lieutenant Colonel Eyndhouts|Eyndhouts]]
| {{flagicon|Dutch Republic}} Unknown
| bgcolor="#99ff99"|Spanish victory
|-
| July 1636 <small>(exact date unknown)</small>
| [[Siege of Hirson]]
| {{flagicon|Spain|1506}} [[Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand]]
| {{flagicon|Kingdom of France}} [[Gaspard III de Coligny|Maréchal de Châtillon]]
| bgcolor="#99ff99"|Spanish victory
|-
| 2&ndash;5 July 1636
| [[Siege of Le Catelet (1636)|Siege of Le Catelet]]
| {{flagicon|Spain|1506}} [[Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand]]
| {{flagicon|Kingdom of France}} [[Gaspard III de Coligny|Maréchal de Châtillon]]
| bgcolor="#99ff99"|Spanish victory
|-
| 2&ndash;8 July 1636
| [[Siege of La Capelle]]
| {{flagicon|Spain|1506}} [[Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand]]
| {{flagicon|Kingdom of France}} [[Gaspard III de Coligny|Maréchal de Châtillon]]
| bgcolor="#99ff99"|Spanish victory
|-
| 5 August 1636
| '''[[Crossing of the Somme]]'''
| {{flagicon|Spain|1506}} [[Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand]]<br>{{flagicon|Spain|1506}}[[Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano | Prince of Carignano]]<br>{{flagicon|Holy Roman Empire}}  [[Ottavio Piccolomini]]
| {{flagicon|Kingdom of France}} [[Louis, Count of Soissons]]
| bgcolor="#99ff99"|Imperial-Spanish victory
|-
| 7&ndash;15 August 1636
| [[Siege of Corbie]]
| {{flagicon|Spain|1506}} [[Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand]]<br>{{flagicon|Spain|1506}}[[Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano | Prince of Carignano]]<br>{{flagicon|Holy Roman Empire}}  [[Ottavio Piccolomini]]
| {{flagicon|Kingdom of France}} [[Louis, Count of Soissons]]
| bgcolor="#99ff99"|Imperial-Spanish victory
|-
| 20 &ndash; 25 August 1637
| [[Siege of Venlo (1637)|Siege of Venlo]]
| {{flagicon|Spain|1506}} [[Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand]]
| {{flagicon|Dutch Republic}} [[Nicolaas van Brederode]]
| bgcolor="#99ff99"|Spanish victory
|-
| 31 August &ndash; 1 September 1637
| [[Capture of Roermond]]
| {{flagicon|Spain|1506}} [[Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand]]
| {{flagicon|Dutch Republic}} [[Colonel Carpentier|Carpentier]]
| bgcolor="#99ff99"|Spanish victory
|-
| 20&ndash;22 June 1638
| '''[[Battle of Kallo]]'''
| {{flagicon|Spain|1506}} [[Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand]]
| {{flagicon|Dutch Republic}} [[William, Count of Nassau-Siegen|William of Nassau-Siegen]]
| bgcolor="#99ff99"|Spanish victory
|-
| 24 May &ndash; 16 July 1638
| '''[[Siege of Saint-Omer]]'''
| {{flagicon|Spain|1506}} [[Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand]]<br>{{flagicon|Spain|1506}} [[Thomas Francis, Prince of Carignano|Prince of Carignano]]<br>{{flagicon|Holy Roman Empire}} [[Ottavio Piccolomini]]
| {{flagicon|Kingdom of France}} [[Gaspard III de Coligny | Maréchal de Châtillon]]<br>{{flagicon|Kingdom of France}} [[Jacques-Nompar de Caumont, duc de la Force | Duc de La Force]]
| bgcolor="#99ff99"|Imperial-Spanish victory
|}

== Death ==
Ferdinand fell ill during battles in 1641, and died on 9 November 1641 in [[City of Brussels|Brussels]] at age 32.<ref>Griffis, William Elliot, ''Belgium: the land of art: its history, legends, industry and modern expansion'', (Houghton Mifflin Co., 1919), 231.</ref> It was thought that death was caused by exhaustion combined with ill health. Reports talk about a [[Peptic ulcer|stomach ulcer]], but rumors also claimed that he was [[poison]]ed. Before his death he had an [[illegitimate]] daughter, Marie Anne de la Croix, born in Brussels in 1641 and died a [[nun]] in Madrid in 1715.

His body was brought to Spain in 1643, and 12,000 [[requiem Masses]] were performed in accordance with his last wishes. He was buried in the Panteón de Infantes.

Disputes about his successor as the Governor-General of the Spanish Netherlands destroyed the alliance between the Emperor in [[Vienna]] and the Spanish in Madrid. The Emperor (by now the Cardinal-Infante's old comrade in arms, Ferdinand III) favored his brother [[Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria]], a militarily unfortunate but otherwise a capable ruler. Madrid favored [[John of Austria the Younger]], the twelve-year-old illegitimate son of [[Philip IV of Spain|Philip IV]] and the actress [[María Calderón]]. The [[inauguration]] of the unpopular bastard was delayed, and the rule of the Spanish Netherlands was taken over by [[Francisco de Mello, Marquis of Terceira]].

== Ancestry ==
{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
| boxstyle_1 = background-color: #fcc;
| boxstyle_2 = background-color: #fb9;
| boxstyle_3 = background-color: #ffc;
| boxstyle_4 = background-color: #bfc;
| boxstyle_5 = background-color: #9fe;
| 1 = 1. '''Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand'''
| 2 = 2. [[Philip III of Spain]]
| 3 = 3. [[Margaret of Austria, Queen of Spain|Margaret of Austria]]
| 4 = 4. [[Philip II of Spain]]<ref name="BLKO-Philip III">{{BLKO |wstitle=Habsburg, Philipp III. |volume=7 |page=120}}</ref> 
| 5 = 5. [[Anna of Austria (1549-1580)|Anna of Austria]]<ref name="BLKO-Philip III"/> (≠ 15)
| 6 = 6. [[Charles II, Archduke of Austria|Charles II, Archduke of Inner Austria]]<ref name="BLKO-Margaretha">{{BLKO |wstitle=Habsburg, Margaretha (Königin von Spanien) |volume=7 |page=13}}</ref>
| 7 = 7. [[Maria Anna of Bavaria (1551–1608)|Maria Anna of Bavaria]]<ref name="BLKO-Margaretha"/>
| 8 = 8. [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]]<ref name="CathEncy-Philip II">{{CathEncy |wstitle=Philip II |volume=12|first=Godefroid |last=Kurth}}</ref> (= 22)
| 9 = 9. [[Isabella of Portugal]]<ref name="CathEncy-Philip II"/> (= 23)
| 10 = 10. [[Maximilian II, Holy Roman Emperor]]<ref name="BLKO-Anna">{{BLKO |wstitle=Habsburg, Anna von Oesterreich (Königin von Spanien) |volume=6 |page=151}}</ref>
| 11 = 11. [[Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress|Maria of Austria]]<ref name="BLKO-Anna"/>
| 12 = 12. [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor]]<ref name="BLKO-Karl II">{{BLKO |wstitle=Habsburg, Karl II. von Steiermark |volume=6 |page=352}}</ref> (= 20, 30)
| 13 = 13. [[Anne of Bohemia and Hungary]]<ref name="BLKO-Karl II"/> (= 21, 31)
| 14 = 14. [[Albert V, Duke of Bavaria]]<ref name="BLKO-Maria von Bayern">{{BLKO |wstitle=Habsburg, Maria von Bayern |volume=7 |page=20}}</ref>
| 15 = 15. [[Archduchess Anna of Austria|Anna of Austria]]<ref name="BLKO-Maria von Bayern"/> (≠ 5)
| 16 = 16. [[Philip I of Castile]]<ref name="Britannia-Charles V">{{Britannica|107009|Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor}}</ref> (= 24)
| 17 = 17. [[Joanna I of Castile]]<ref name="Britannia-Charles V"/> (= 25)
| 18 = 18. [[Manuel I of Portugal]]<ref name="BLKO-Isabella">{{BLKO |wstitle=Habsburg, Elisabeth (Isabella von Portugal) |volume=6 |page=169}}</ref> 
| 19 = 19. [[Maria of Aragon, Queen of Portugal|Maria of Aragon]]<ref name="BLKO-Isabella"/>
| 20 = 20. [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor]]<ref name="BLKO-Maximilian II">{{BLKO |wstitle=Habsburg, Maximilian II. |volume=7 |page=103}}</ref> (= 12, 30)
| 21 = 21. [[Anne of Bohemia and Hungary]]<ref name="BLKO-Maximilian II"/> (= 13, 31)
| 22 = 22. [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor]]<ref name="BLKO-Maria von Spanien">{{BLKO |wstitle=Habsburg, Maria von Spanien |volume=7 |page=19}}</ref> (= 8)
| 23 = 23. [[Isabella of Portugal]]<ref name="BLKO-Maria von Spanien"/> (= 9)
| 24 = 24. [[Philip I of Castile]]<ref>{{Britannica|204416|Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor}}</ref><ref name="Britannia-Charles V"/> (= 16)
| 25 = 25. [[Joanna I of Castile]]<ref name="Britannia-Charles V"/> (= 17)
| 26 = 26. [[Vladislaus II of Hungary|Vladislaus II of Hungary and Bohemia]]<ref name="NDB-Anna Jagjello">{{NDB|1|299||Anna Jagjello|Obermayer-Marnach, Eva|133664473}}</ref>
| 27 = 27. [[Anne of Foix-Candale]]<ref name="NDB-Anna Jagjello"/>
| 28 = 28. [[William IV, Duke of Bavaria]]<ref name="NDB-Albrecht V">{{NDB|1|158|160|Albrecht V.|Goetz, Walter|118647571}}</ref>
| 29 = 29. [[Marie of Baden-Sponheim]]<ref name="NDB-Albrecht V"/>
| 30 = 30. [[Ferdinand I, Holy Roman Emperor]]<ref name="BLKO-Anna von Oesterreich">{{BLKO |wstitle=Habsburg, Anna von Oesterreich (1528–1587) |volume=6 |page=151}}</ref> (= 12, 20)
| 31 = 31. [[Anne of Bohemia and Hungary]]<ref name="BLKO-Anna von Oesterreich"/> (= 13, 21)
}}

==Male-line family tree==
{{Habsburg family tree}}

== Notes ==
{{Reflist|2}}

== External links ==
{{commons category|Cardinal-Infante Ferdinand of Austria}}
* {{cite web |last=Marek |first=Miroslav |url=http://genealogy.euweb.cz/habsburg/habsburg4.html |title= Genealogy |publisher= Genealogy.EU}}
* [http://www.koni.onlinehome.de/ausfuehrliche-biographien/ferdi-spanien-frames.HTM WER war WER - im Dreißigjährigen Krieg]
* [http://archivoespañoldearte.revistas.csic.es Enrique Garcia-Herraiz:Un nuevo retrato del Cardenal Infante don Fernando, conmemorando la victoria de Nördlingen]

{{s-start}}
{{S-hou|[[House of Habsburg]]|16 May|1609|9 November|1641}}
{{s-gov}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Gómez Suárez de Figueroa, 3rd Duke of Feria|The Duke of Feria]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[List of Governors of the Duchy of Milan|Governor of the Duchy of Milan]]|years=1633–1634}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Gil Carrillo de Albornoz (1579–1649)|Cardinal Gil de Albornoz]]}}
{{s-break}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia of Spain|Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands|Governor of the Habsburg Netherlands]]|years=1634–1641}}
{{s-aft|after={{nowrap|[[Francisco de Mello, Marquis of Terceira|The Marquis of Terceira]]}}}}
{{S-rel|ca}}
{{S-bef|before=[[Bernardo de Sandoval y Rojas]]|as=Archbishop}}
{{S-ttl|title=[[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Toledo|Apostolic Administrator of the Archdiocese of Toledo]]|years=1620–1641}}
{{S-aft|after=[[Gaspar de Borja y Velasco]]|as=Archbishop}}
{{s-end}}

{{Infantes of Spain}}
{{Austrian archdukes}}
{{Portuguese infantes}}

{{Subject bar |portal1= Biography |portal2= Catholicism |portal3= Spain}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ferdinand, Cardinal-Infante}}
[[Category:1610 births]]
[[Category:1641 deaths]]
[[Category:People from San Lorenzo de El Escorial]]
[[Category:Spanish infantes]]
[[Category:Portuguese infantes]]
[[Category:17th-century House of Habsburg]]
[[Category:Governors of the Habsburg Netherlands]]
[[Category:Spanish generals]]
[[Category:17th-century Spanish cardinals]]
[[Category:Viceroys of Catalonia]]
[[Category:Archbishops of Toledo]]
[[Category:17th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Spain]]
[[Category:Burials in the Pantheon of Infantes at El Escorial]]
[[Category:Military personnel of the Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)]]
[[Category:Military personnel of the Thirty Years' War]]
[[Category:Sons of kings]]
[[Category:Children of Philip III of Spain]]