View source for British Rail Class 321

{{Short description|British electric multiple unit}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{{Use British English|date=January 2013}}
{{Infobox train
| background = 
| name = British Rail Class&nbsp;321
| image = 321344 at Colchester.jpg
| imagealt = 
| caption = [[Greater Anglia (train operating company)|Greater Anglia]] Class 321 at Colchester in 2018
| interiorimage = Class 321 DMC interior facing london.jpg
| interiorimagealt = 
| interiorcaption = Standard-class interior of an unrefurbished Greater Anglia unit
| service = 1988–present<ref name= "Eversholt">{{Cite web |title=Class 321 Electrical Multiple Unit |url=https://www.eversholtrail.co.uk/upload/class-321.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151005080543/https://www.eversholtrail.co.uk/upload/class-321.pdf |archive-date=5 October 2015 |website=Eversholt Rail}}</ref>
| manufacturer = [[British Rail Engineering Limited]]
| designer = 
| assembly = 
| ordernumber = 
| factory = [[Holgate Road carriage works, York|Holgate Road Works]], [[York]]
| family = BR Second Generation {{nowrap|([[British Rail Mark 3|Mark 3]])}}
| replaced = [[British Rail Class 307|Class 307]]
| yearconstruction = 1988–1991
| yearservice = 
| refurbishment = 2013–2017
| yearscrapped = 
| numberconstruction = 
| numberbuilt = 117<br />({{nowrap|66 × 321/3}}, {{nowrap|48 × 321/4}}, {{nowrap|and 4 × 321/9}})<ref name="TRUK250">
{{cite magazine |last1=Inman |first1=Mark Lee |last2=Pritchard |first2=Robert |title=Endangered species: the Class 321s |magazine=Today's Railways UK |issue=250 (December 2022) |publisher=Platform 5 |location=Sheffield |page=52 |issn=1475-9713}}</ref>
| numberservice = 8<!-- cited in Fleet Details table--><br />(plus 12 converted to Cl. [[British Rail Class 320|320/4]])
| numberpreserved = 
| numberscrapped = 64<!-- cited in Fleet Details table-->
| predecessor = 
| successor = {{ubl|[[British Rail Class 331|Class 331]] ([[Northern Trains]])|[[British Rail Class 350|Class 350]] ([[London Midland]])|[[British Rail Class 387|Class 387]] ([[Govia Thameslink Railway|Great Northern]])|[[British Rail Class 720|Class 720]] ([[Greater Anglia (train operating company)|Greater Anglia]])}}
| formation = {{ubli|indent=1em|4 cars per unit;|321/3 and /4 units:<br />{{abbr|DTCO|Driver's cab, Trailer car, Composite (first and standard class sections), Open saloon}}-{{abbr|PMSO|Pantograph, Motor car, Standard class, Open saloon}}-{{abbr|TSO|Trailer car, Standard class, Open saloon}}-{{abbr|DTSO|Driver's cab, Trailer car, Standard class, Open saloon}}|321/9 units:<br />DTSO-PMSO-TSO-DTSO}}
| diagram = (See {{section link||Vehicle numbering}})
| code = 
| fleetnumbers = {{ubl|321/3: 321301–321366|321/4: 321401–321448|321/9: 321901–321903}}
| capacity = {{ubli|indent=1em|'''''As-built:'''''|321/3: 313 seats<br />(20 first-class, 293 standard)|'''''From 2015:'''''<ref name= "Eversholt" />|321/3: 303 seats<br />(16 first-class, 287 standard)|321/4: 299 or 307 seats<br />(16 or 28 first, 271 or 291 std.)|321/9: 309 seats<br />(all standard-class)}}
| owner = {{ubl|[[Eversholt Rail Group]]|Varamis Rail<ref name="TRM1475"/>}}
| operator = {{ubli|indent=1em|'''''Current:'''''|Varamis Rail |'''''Former:'''''|[[Arriva Rail North]]|[[Arriva Trains Northern]]|[[Central Trains]]|[[First Capital Connect]]|[[First Great Eastern]]|[[Greater Anglia (train operating company)|Greater Anglia]]|[[London Midland]]|[[London Overground Rail Operations|London Overground]]|[[National Express East Anglia]]|[[Network SouthEast]]|[[Northern Rail]]|[[Northern Trains]]|[[Regional Railways]]|[[Silverlink]]}}
| depots = 
| lines = 
| carbody = [[Steel]]
| trainlength = {{convert|80.92|m|ftin|abbr=on}}<ref name=Eversholt/>
| carlength = {{ubl|DT vehs.: {{convert|19.950|m|ftin|abbr=on}}|Others: {{convert|19.920|m|ftin|abbr=on}}}}
| width = {{convert|2.816|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| height = {{convert|3.775|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| floorheight = 
| platformheight = 
| entrylevelorstep = 
| doors = Double-leaf sliding pocket, {{avoid wrap|each {{convert|1.200|m|ftin|abbr=on}} wide}}<br />(2 per side per car)
| wheeldiameter = 
| wheelbase = Over bogie centres:<br />{{convert|14.170|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| maxspeed = {{convert|100|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}}
| weight = {{ubli|indent=1em|DTCO vehs.: {{convert|29.3|t|abbr=on}}|PSMO vehs.: {{convert|51.5|t|abbr=on}}|TSO vehs.: {{convert|28.8|t|abbr=on}}|DTSO vehs.: {{convert|29.1|t|abbr=on}}}}
| axleload = 
| steep gradient = 
| traction = 
| traction motors = {{ubl|As built: 4 × [[Brush Traction|Brush]] TM21-41C,<br />each of {{cvt|332|hp|kW|0|order=flip}}<ref name="tr">{{cite book |last1=Marsden |first1=C. J. |title=Traction Recognition |date=2007 |publisher=Ian Allan Publishing |location=Hersham |isbn=978-0-7110-3277-4 |oclc=230804946 |ol=16902750M |chapter=Class 321 |chapter-url=https://archive.org/details/tractionrecognit0000mars/page/178/mode/2up |chapter-url-access=registration |pages=178–181}}</ref>|Renatus: 4 × {{abbr|TSA|Traktionssysteme Austria}} TME 52-35-4,<br />each of {{cvt|300|kW|hp|0}}<ref>{{cite web |title=Class 321 EMU overhaul for Eversholt |url=https://www.tsa.at/tsa_referenzen/class-321-emu-overhaul-for-eversholt/ |publisher=Traktionssysteme Austria |access-date=28 January 2023 |location=Wiener Neudorf}}</ref>}}
| poweroutput = {{ubl|As built: {{cvt|1328|hp|kW|0|order=flip}}|Renatus: {{cvt|1200|kW|hp|0}}}}
| tractiveeffort = 
| acceleration = {{ubl|As built: {{convert|0.55|m/s2|mph/s|abbr=on}}<ref name=Eversholt/>|Renatus: {{convert|0.60|m/s2|mph/s|abbr=on}}<ref>{{Cite web |title=Class 321 Renatus |url=https://eversholtrail.co.uk/fleet/321-renatus/ |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210109222624/https://eversholtrail.co.uk/fleet/321-renatus/ |archive-date=9 January 2021 |access-date=5 August 2021 |publisher=Eversholt Rail Group |place=London}}</ref>}}
| deceleration = 
| aux = 
| powersupply = 
| hvac = 
| electricsystem = {{25 kV 50 Hz}} [[Overhead line|overhead]]
| collectionmethod = [[Pantograph (transport)|Pantograph]]
| uicclass = 2′2′+Bo′Bo′+2′2′+2′2′
| wheels driven = 
| bogies = {{ubl|Powered: BREL P7-4|Unpowered: BREL T3-7}}
| minimum curve = {{convert|71|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| brakes = [[Electro-pneumatic brake system on British railway trains|Electro-pneumatic]] ([[Railway disc brake|disc]])
| safety = {{ubl|[[Automatic Warning System|AWS]]|[[Train Protection & Warning System|TPWS]]}}
| coupling = [[Tightlock coupling|Tightlock]]
| multipleworking = With Classes 317–322
| gauge = {{RailGauge|sg|allk=on}}
| notes = Specifications as at October 1988<ref name=BRB210>{{cite web |url=http://www.barrowmoremrg.co.uk/BRBDocuments/Diagram_Book_210_for_Issue.pdf |title=Vehicle Diagram Book No. 210 for Electric Multiple Units (including A.P.T.) |at=EC210, EE236, EE308, EH235 (in work pp. 88–89, 182–183, 206–207, 316–317) |via=Barrowmore MRG |publisher=Mechanical & Electrical Engineering Department, British Railways Board |place=Derby |access-date=8 October 2022 |archive-date=21 January 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150121172506/http://www.barrowmoremrg.co.uk/BRBDocuments/Diagram_Book_210_for_Issue.pdf |url-status=dead}}</ref> except where otherwise noted.
}}

The '''British Rail Class&nbsp;321''' is a class of [[electric multiple unit]] (EMU) passenger train built by [[British Rail Engineering Limited]]'s [[York Carriage Works]] in three batches between 1988 and 1991 for [[Network SouthEast]] and [[Regional Railways]]. The class uses [[alternating current]] (AC) overhead electrification. The design was successful and led to the development of the similar [[British Rail Class 320|Class&nbsp;320]] and [[British Rail Class 322|Class&nbsp;322]].

After operating for various trains operating companies after the [[privatisation of British Rail]], they were latterly operated by [[Greater Anglia (train operating company)|Greater Anglia]] until April 2023. Some have been converted to Class 320 and are operated by [[ScotRail]].

==Description==
Three sub-classes were built. The first two were built for the [[Network SouthEast]] sector for operation on services from [[Liverpool Street railway station|London Liverpool Street]] and [[Euston railway station|London Euston]], while the third was built for [[Regional Railways]] for use on [[West Yorkshire Metro|West Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive]] services from [[Leeds railway station|Leeds]]. As part of the [[privatisation of British Rail]], ownership of the class passed from [[British Rail]] to the [[Eversholt Rail Group]] in April 1994.<ref name=Eversholt/>

Each unit consists of four carriages: (DTC-PMS-TS-DTS)<ref name=Eversholt/> all units have a maximum speed of {{convert|100|mph|km/h|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Eversholt/>

They have been modified by the different rail companies which use them. The modifications include new seats, paintwork, lighting and [[passenger information systems]].

The trains have been nicknamed "Dusty Bins" by some enthusiasts, after the TV game show "[[3-2-1]]" which featured a mascot called "Dusty Bin".<ref name="TRUK250"/>

===Class 321/3===
[[File:321334 at Pudding Mill Lane.jpg|thumb|left|BR Class 321/3 at Pudding Mill Lane in First Great Eastern Livery, 1999]]
In September 1987,  Network SouthEast ordered 46 four-car units for use on services from [[Liverpool Street station|London Liverpool Street]] to [[Cambridge railway station|Cambridge]] and [[Southend Victoria railway station|Southend Victoria]], which became Class 321/3. The first was unveiled on 15 September 1988.<ref>"321 rolled-out" ''[[The Railway Magazine]]'' issue 1051 November 1988 page 687</ref> A further 20 were ordered later.<ref name=TRUK154>"The Class 321 EMUs" ''[[Today's Railways UK]]'' issue 154 October 2014 pages 50–57</ref> Units were numbered 321301–321366. The DTSO vehicle was equipped with a small area between the driver's cab and the first set of doors that could be used for the conveyance of parcels or luggage; this was indicated by a "P" following the unit number on the front of that vehicle.<ref name="BRB210" /><ref name="tr" /> 

These units replaced slam-door [[British Rail Class 305|Class 305]], [[British Rail Class 307|Class 307]], [[British Rail Class 308|Class 308]] and [[British Rail Class 309|Class 309]] units on trains to [[Clacton railway station|Clacton]] and [[Southend Victoria railway station|Southend-on-Sea]], and worked services on the newly electrified routes to [[Ipswich railway station|Ipswich]] and [[Harwich Town railway station|Harwich]]. They also displaced many [[British Rail Class 312|Class 312]] slam-door units, which moved over to the [[London, Tilbury and Southend line]]. Some of the Class 309s were retained until 1994, and 24 of the newer Class 312 units were retained long-term to work services to [[Walton-on-the-Naze railway station|Walton-on-the-Naze]] and peak services to Clacton, Ipswich and [[Witham railway station|Witham]]. Units carried Network SouthEast livery from new.

The first of 30 321/3 units to be refurbished at [[Doncaster Works]], as part of the Renatus project {{ndash}} which modernised the stock with features such as new air conditioning and heating, seating and Wi-Fi {{ndash}} was completed in December 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.eversholtrail.co.uk/news/transformation-of-the-east-anglia-train-fleet-is-underway|title=Transformation of the East Anglia train fleet is underway|date=January 2017|publisher=Eversholt Rail Group|access-date=16 February 2017|archive-date=8 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108205516/http://eversholtrail.co.uk/news/transformation-of-the-east-anglia-train-fleet-is-underway/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>"321 goes for Renatus" ''Today's Railways UK'' issue 155 October 2015 page 67</ref><ref>"Refurbished 321 Renatus Launched" ''[[Modern Railways]]'' issue 821 February 2017 page 10</ref>

===Class 321/4===
[[File:321405 - Bletchley (8957958327).jpg|thumb|left|Class 321/4 in [[Network SouthEast]] livery at {{rws|Bletchley}} (note the letter P after unit number)]]
In October 1988 a second batch of 30 was ordered. It was intended that 25 be used on [[Great Eastern Main Line]] services and five on [[West Coast Main Line]] services, but in the event all were delivered to [[Bletchley TMD]] for use on the latter. A further 18 followed.<ref name=TRUK154/> Units were numbered 321401–321448. The first was delivered in July 1989.<ref>"Northampton line Class 321 handed over at BREL, York" ''Rail'' issue 100 page 17</ref> As with subclass /3 units, the DTSO vehicles were equipped with a parcels area indicated by suffixing a "P" to the unit number.

These were built for outer-suburban services on the [[West Coast Main Line]], from [[Euston railway station|London Euston]] to [[Northampton railway station|Northampton]], [[Rugby railway station|Rugby]] and [[Birmingham New Street railway station|Birmingham New Street]]. They displaced the then-recently cascaded [[British Rail Class 317|Class 317s]] dating from 1981 which had themselves only just been introduced to the route to replace [[British Rail Class 310|Class 310s]].<ref name=TRUK154/>

Eleven 321/4s were transferred for Great Eastern Main Line services. Following this, their First Class area was reduced in size to standardise with the 321/3s in use on that route. This involved removing the centre partition and double doors and re-upholstering the First Class style 2+2 seats (which were retained then) in the de-classified area into the same fabric as the Standard Class seats. Later the First Class 2+2 seats in this de-classified area were replaced with the standard style 2+3 seating. These 11 were also fitted with a facility to lock out the power door operation within the unit (a basic kind of Selective Operation) to permit operation of 12-car trains on the Braintree and Southminster branch lines, where some platforms were only long enough for 8-car trains.

The 11 Great Eastern sets passed to [[First Great Eastern]] in January 1997, passing with the franchise to [[National Express East Anglia]] in April 2004 and [[Abellio Greater Anglia]] in February 2012. The 37 West Coast sets passed to [[Silverlink]] in January 1997, passing with the franchise to [[London Midland]] in November 2007. In 2006, 321407 and 321423 were loaned by Silverlink to [[Northern Rail]] while the 321/9s were being overhauled.<ref>{{cite magazine |title= Class 321 exchange |magazine=[[Rail (magazine)|Rail]] |issue=537 |date=12 April 2006 |page=20}}</ref> In 2007, 321408 and 321428 were loaned by Silverlink to [[c2c]] operating services out of [[Fenchurch Street railway station|Fenchurch Street]] while one [[British Rail Class 357|Class 357]] was repaired and another was undergoing tests in the Czech Republic.<ref>{{cite magazine |title= c2c hires Class 321s |magazine=[[Rail (magazine)|Rail]] |issue=556 |date=3 January 2007 |page=54}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title='Change for c2c 321 diagram |magazine= Today's Railways UK |issue=63 |date=March 2007 |page=69}}</ref>

Following the delivery of the [[British Rail Class 350|Class 350/2]] fleet, 13 Class 321/4s (401–410, 418–420) were transferred from London Midland to [[First Capital Connect]] and overhauled by [[Wabtec]]'s [[Doncaster Works]].<ref>{{cite magazine |title='FCC receives its first Class 321 |magazine= Today's Railways UK |issue=89 |date=May 2009 |page=65}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=FCC signs lease for extra Class 321s and 313s |magazine= Today's Railways UK |issue=101 |date=May 2010 |page=65}}</ref> These passed with the franchise to [[Govia Thameslink Railway|Great Northern]] in September 2014. London Midland also released 17 (421–437) for transfer to National Express East Anglia. The remaining seven (411–417) passed to [[Abellio ScotRail]] in 2015, after being converted to three-car [[British Rail Class 320|Class 320/4]] at Doncaster Works.<ref name="auto">{{cite magazine |title=ScotRail to receive LM Class 321/4s |magazine=[[Rail (magazine)|Rail]] |issue=766 |date=21 January 2015 |page=27}}</ref>

In 2017, ten (402, 405–410, 418–420) were transferred from Great Northern to Abellio Greater Anglia.<ref name=MR817>{{cite magazine |title=More EMUs for Anglia |magazine= Modern Railways |issue=817 |date=October 2016 |page=12}}</ref> As at May 2018 the remaining three (401, 403, 404) are to be converted by Wabtec at [[Kilmarnock]] to Class 320/4 for use with Abellio ScotRail. Another two were to follow.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Class 321/4s to be reformed ready for Scottish duties |magazine= [[Rail (magazine)|Rail]] |issue=827 |date=24 May 2017 |page=28}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=More Class 320s for ScotRail |magazine=[[Railways Illustrated]] |issue=179 |date=January 2018 |page=18}}</ref>

===Class 321/9===
[[File:321903 B Doncaster.JPG|thumb|left|Class 321/9 in [[West Yorkshire Metro|West Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive]] livery at {{stnlnk|Doncaster}}]]
The final batch of three Class 321 units was constructed in 1991 and classified subclass /9.<ref name="tr" />  These units had a similar formation to the earlier units except that there is no first class seating. They were ordered by [[Regional Railways]] for use on [[West Yorkshire Metro|West Yorkshire Passenger Transport Executive]] services on the newly electrified [[Wakefield line|Doncaster to Leeds]] route, entering service in 1993. From 1995 they also worked on [[Wharfedale line]] services from Leeds to [[Ilkley railway station|Ilkley]].<ref>"Ilkley working for Class 321" ''Rail'' issue 264 25 October 1995 page 26</ref> In March 1997 they passed with the Regional Railways North East franchise to Northern Spirit, which became [[Arriva Trains Northern]] in April 2001. In June 1998 they were loaned to [[Great North Eastern Railway|GNER]] to operate Leeds to [[London King's Cross railway station|London King's Cross]] services while its [[InterCity 225]] fleet was grounded with mechanical issues.<ref>"GNER drafts in foreign EMUs to covers for 225s" ''Rail'' issue 334 1 July 1998 page 9</ref> All three passed with the franchise to [[Northern Rail]] in December 2004.

The Class 321/9 units were refurbished at [[Hunslet-Barclay]], [[Kilmarnock]] from late 2006 to early 2007.<ref name="Railway Herald">{{cite news | url = http://www.railwayherald.co.uk/magazine/pdf/RHUK/Issue60HIGH.pdf | title = News Desk | magazine = Railway Herald | page = 6,7 | issue = 60 | date = 3 November 2006 | access-date = 16 July 2011 | archive-date = 8 January 2021 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210108205445/http://www.railwayherald.co.uk/magazine/download/60HIGH | url-status = live}}</ref> The refurbishment included a new livery, refurbished interiors and reliability improvements, similar to the [[British Rail Class 322|Class 322]] EMUs, which were also refurbished at Kilmarnock.<ref name="Railway Herald"/>

The units transferred to [[Arriva Rail North]] in April 2016, and then [[Northern Trains]] on 1 March 2020. With the [[British Rail Class 331|Class 331s]] now in service, the Class 321/9s were transferred to Greater Anglia. They were leased to allow Greater Anglia's [[British Rail Class 360|Class 360s]] to move to [[East Midlands Railway]].

All 321/9 units were scrapped in 2022.<ref name="Rail968">{{cite magazine |title=Disposal of surplus electric units gathers pace |magazine= Rail Magazine |publisher=Bauer Consumer Media |publication-place=Peterborough |issue= 968 (October 2022) |pages=18–19}}</ref>

==Current operations==
===Varamis Rail===
In March 2021, [[Eversholt Rail Group]] announced its intention to convert 321334 for use as a parcels train.<ref name="swiftexpress">{{Cite web|title=321334 to be converted into swift express freight train |url=https://eversholtrail.co.uk/news/eversholt-rail-to-develop-swift-express-freight-train/|access-date=19 March 2021|website=www.eversholtrail.com}}</ref> In July 2021, Eversholt and Wabtec revealed 321334 in the Swift Express livery.<ref name="swiftexpressunveiled">{{Cite web|title=Eversholt Rail unveils new Class 321 Swift Express Freight train|url=https://www.globalrailwayreview.com/news/125763/eversholt-rail-swift-express-freight-train/|access-date=11 August 2021|website=Global Railway Review}}</ref> If successful further units could be converted.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Holden|first=Michael|date=2 July 2021|title=Full Report: Eversholt Rail unveils first Swift Express Freight Train in Doncaster|url=https://www.railadvent.co.uk/2021/07/full-report-eversholt-rail-unveils-first-swift-express-freight-train-in-doncaster.html|access-date=3 July 2021|work=RailAdvent}}</ref>

In November 2021 it was announced that 4 more Class 321s would be converted to Swift Express, with the first of these units expected to be delivered in February 2022.<ref>{{Cite news|date=22 November 2021|title=Four Class 321 units being converted into express freight trains|url=https://www.railadvent.co.uk/2021/11/four-class-321-units-being-converted-into-express-freight-trains.html|access-date=22 November 2021|work=RailAdvent}}</ref> In 2022 it was announced that an unnamed customer had secured its first unit,<ref name="swiftexpressexpansion">{{cite magazine |title=Eversholt eyes parcels expansion |magazine=Modern Railways |issue=August 2022 |page=22 }}</ref> later confirmed as Varamis Rail which launched a service between Scotland and Birmingham in January using unit 321334.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Lancefield |first1=Neil |title=First electric-only freight train firm Varamis Rail starts moving parcels |url=https://www.standard.co.uk/news/uk/electric-zeroemission-freight-train-service-varamis-rail-b1054402.html |access-date=20 January 2023 |work=Evening Standard |date=20 January 2023}}</ref> The final two were scheduled to be completed in September 2022.<ref name="swiftexpressexpansion" /> In September 2023, it was announced that Eversholt had abandoned the Swift Express project despite four Class 321 units having been converted. Varamis Rail announced that it was considering taking over the project.<ref name="Rail992">{{cite magazine |date=20 September 2023 |title=Varamis considers Swift bid as Eversholt abandons '321s' |magazine=[[Rail Magazine]] |issue=992 |page=12}}</ref> In early 2024 Varamis Rail bought the four converted units from Eversholt.<ref name="TRM1475">{{cite magazine|last=Butlin|first=Ashley|title= Multiple Units|department=Stock Update |magazine= [[The Railway Magazine]] |issue=1475|volume=170|date=February 2024|page=89}}</ref>

==Former operations==
{{Confusing|section|date=October 2022|reason=the sequence of movements between operators is difficult to determine from the text}}

===Silverlink / London Midland / London Overground===
[[File:321425 A A Watford Junction.JPG|thumb|left|[[Silverlink]] liveried Class 321 at {{stnlnk|Watford Junction}}]]
[[File:321411 Watford Junction E.JPG|thumb|right|[[London Midland]] Class 321 at [[Watford Junction railway station|Watford Junction]]]]
[[Silverlink]] inherited 37 of the 48 Class 321/4 units. In September 2003, Silverlink's class 321 units were temporarily withdrawn following the discovery of loose bolts on brake discs in some units.<ref>{{cite news|last=Elston|first=Laura|date=11 September 2003|title=Entire fleet of commuter trains withdrawn|work=[[The Independent]]|url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/entire-fleet-of-commuter-trains-withdrawn-579574.html}}{{dead link|date=August 2021|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>

In September 2004, London Euston to Birmingham local services were divided into two separate services: Silverlink retained London to Northampton services, while fellow [[National Express]] subsidiary [[Central Trains]] took over all local services between Northampton and Birmingham. Initially, Central Trains hired Class 321 units from Silverlink to work their new services, but the arrival of [[British Rail Class 350|Class 350/1s]] meant that very few Class 321 units were then required.

To accommodate this sub-lease, three Class 321/3 units were transferred from [[National Express East Anglia]] to Silverlink. These were not permitted north of [[Rugby railway station|Rugby]] due to lack of the National Radio Network system (Eastern Region units only had the Cab Secure Radio System used for Driver Only Operated Passenger services) and therefore could not be used on Central Trains services (although they occasionally appeared on services to Rugby at weekends due to the line being closed between Rugby and Birmingham New Street). This ceased in late 2005 with the introduction of Class 350 trains on the Birmingham to [[Liverpool Lime Street railway station|Liverpool]] route. One of these sub-leased units was involved in a low-speed derailment at Watford Yard.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gov.uk/raib-reports/derailment-at-watford-junction-yard|title=Rail Accident Investigation Branch report, Derailment at Watford Junction yard|work=UK Government|access-date=2 December 2015|archive-date=8 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108205454/https://www.gov.uk/raib-reports/derailment-at-watford-junction-yard|url-status=live}}</ref>

In May 2007, Central Trains began using Class 321 units on some morning services from Birmingham New Street to [[Walsall railway station|Walsall]].

In November 2007, [[London Midland]] took over operation of the Class 321 fleet previously used by Silverlink and Central Trains. An order was placed by London Midland for 37 [[British Rail Class 350|Class 350/2s]] to replace the Class 321s.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.railnews.co.uk/news/general/2008/07/01-bletchley-depot-closes.html|title=End of the line for award-winning depot|work=Railnews|date=1 July 2008|access-date=2 December 2015|archive-date=8 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108205458/https://www.railnews.co.uk/news/general/2008/07/01-bletchley-depot-closes.html|url-status=live}}</ref>

London Midland withdrew most, retaining seven units (411–417).<ref>{{cite magazine |title=London Midland keeps seven Class 321s |magazine=[[Rail Express]] |issue=158 |date=July 2009 |page=51}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=London Midland confirms retention of seven Class 321s |magazine=Today's Railways |issue=92 |date=August 2009 |page=63}}</ref> They were used for peak hour workings between London Euston and Northampton and on the [[Abbey line]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.londonmidland.com/news/latest-news/london-midlands-321-trains-get-a-fresh-coat-of-paint|title=London Midland's 321 trains get a fresh coat of paint|work=London Midland|date=11 June 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101126134251/http://londonmidland.com/news/latest-news/london-midlands-321-trains-get-a-fresh-coat-of-paint/|archive-date=26 November 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.londonmidland.com/news/latest-news/london-midland-to-introduce-more-seats-for-london-commuters|title=London Midland to introduce more seats for London commuters|work=London Midland|date=1 October 2009|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100122103913/http://www.londonmidland.com/news/latest-news/london-midland-to-introduce-more-seats-for-london-commuters|archive-date=22 January 2010}}</ref> In 2015, all seven were withdrawn for transfer to [[Abellio ScotRail]] to operate on [[Glasgow]] suburban lines, with the last withdrawn on 20 September 2015.<ref name="auto"/><ref name="auto1">{{cite magazine |title=London Midand starts operation of four-car Class 319s |magazine=Rail |issue=785 |date=14 October 2015 |page=28}}</ref> They were replaced by [[British Rail Class 319|Class 319s]].<ref>{{cite magazine |title=London Midland takes on Class 319s for Euston work |magazine=[[Rail Magazine]] |issue=779 |date=22 July 2015 |page=30}}</ref><ref name="auto1"/> Two (413/414) briefly operated for [[London Overground Rail Operations]] in late 2015, being revinyled in [[London Overground]] livery.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=LO hires Scottish bound ex LM Class 321/4s |magazine=[[Rail Magazine]]|issue=788 |date=25 November 2015 |page=28}}</ref> The cascaded Class 321s were reformed to three-car units, by removing the TSO vehicle and reclassified as [[British Rail Class 320|Class 320/4s]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/system/files/documents/tsc-basic-pages/Redacted%20Franchise%20Agreement%20-%20CU%20version.pdf |title=The Scottish Ministers and Abellio Scotrail Limited: Scotrail Franchise Agreement |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151129050858/http://www.transportscotland.gov.uk/system/files/documents/tsc-basic-pages/Redacted%20Franchise%20Agreement%20-%20CU%20version.pdf |archive-date=29 November 2015 |website=Transport Scotland |date=6 March 2015}}</ref><ref name="auto"/><ref>{{cite magazine |title=London Midland 321s Scotland Bound |magazine=[[Railways Illustrated]] |date=September 2015 |page=10}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title=321 coaches to be scrapped |magazine=[[Rail Magazine]] |issue=818 |date=18 January 2017 |page=29}}</ref>

===First Capital Connect / Great Northern===
[[File:321420 321405 London Kings Cross.jpg|thumb|[[First Capital Connect]] Class 321 at [[London King's Cross railway station|London King's Cross]]]]
[[First Capital Connect]] received thirteen units (401–410, 418–420) from [[London Midland]], following deliveries of the new [[British Rail Class 350|Class 350/2s]]. The units worked on the Great Northern services from [[London King's Cross railway station|London King's Cross]] to [[Peterborough railway station|Peterborough]] and [[Cambridge railway station|Cambridge]] from December 2010 until May 2017. They passed with the franchise to [[Thameslink and Great Northern|Great Northern]] in September 2014.

All were replaced in 2016 by [[British Rail Class 387|Class 387s]], cascaded from the [[Thameslink (route)|Thameslink route]].<ref>{{cite magazine |title=387s Enter Service on Great Northern |magazine=Modern Railways |issue=818 |date=November 2016 |page=84}}</ref> Ten (402, 405–410 and 418–420) moved to [[Ilford EMU Depot|Ilford depot]] for use by [[Greater Anglia (train operating company)|Greater Anglia]],<ref>{{cite magazine |magazine=[[Rail (magazine)|Rail]]|issue=754|date=July 2014|title=Govia to switch Class 377 Electrostars to Cambridge|issn=0953-4563}}</ref> with the remaining three (401, 403, 404) converted to Class 320/4s for [[Abellio ScotRail]].<ref>{{cite magazine |title=More 321s to be reformed for ScotRail |magazine=[[The Railway Magazine]] |issue=1395 |date=June 2017 |page=92}}</ref>

=== Northern ===
[[File:321901 at Doncaster.JPG|thumb|[[Arriva Trains Northern]] Class 321 at {{stnlnk|Doncaster}} in June 2004]]
[[Arriva Trains Northern]] inherited three Class 321/9 units. These units operated on the [[Leeds railway station|Leeds]] to [[Doncaster railway station|Doncaster]] [[Wakefield line]] service and occasionally on the [[Wharfedale line|Wharfedale]] and [[Airedale line|Airedale]] lines alongside [[British Rail Class 322|Class 322]] and [[British Rail Class 333|Class 333s]]. All passed on to [[Northern Rail]] in 2004 and were refurbished in 2006/07. Having passed with the franchise to [[Arriva Rail North]] and [[Northern Trains]], all were replaced by [[British Rail Class 331|Class 331s]] with the last withdrawn in 2020.<ref>{{cite magazine |title= Northern finishes with Dusty Bins |magazine=[[Railways Illustrated]] |issue= July 2020 |page=16}}</ref> These were transferred to [[Greater Anglia (train operating company)|Greater Anglia]] for temporary use until replaced by [[British Rail Class 720|Class 720s]].

===Greater Anglia===
[[First Great Eastern]] inherited all 66 Class 321/3 and 11 Class 321/4. The [[East Anglia franchise]] was subsequently taken over by [[National Express East Anglia]], initially branded 'one', and then subsequently by [[Abellio Greater Anglia|Greater Anglia]]. A further 16 were added, upon release from [[London Midland]]. In 2016, ten of the sets formerly operated by [[Thameslink and Great Northern|Great Northern]] also transferred to Greater Anglia.

An additional three units, all Class 321/9s, were transferred to Greater Anglia from [[Northern Trains]] in 2020 in order to provide capacity during the introduction of GA's new [[British Rail Class 720|Class 720]] fleet.

The 321s were primarily used for services from [[Liverpool Street railway station|London Liverpool Street]] to {{stnlnk|Braintree|England}}, {{stnlnk|Southend Victoria}}, {{stnlnk|Southminster}}, {{stnlnk|Ipswich}} (extending to {{stnlnk|Norwich}} during peak time), {{stnlnk|Walton-on-the-Naze}}, {{stnlnk|Clacton-on-Sea}}, and [[Colchester Town railway station|Colchester Town]], but could operate services on any electrified route if other trains failed. These operated as four, eight or twelve-car sets.

After being awarded the new [[East Anglia franchise]] in August 2016, Greater Anglia placed an order for [[British Rail Class 720|Class 720s]] which replaced the 321s despite the Renatus project.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.eversholtrail.co.uk/news/class-321-renatus|title=Eversholt Rail|access-date=1 December 2016|archive-date=8 January 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108205515/http://eversholtrail.co.uk/news/class-321-renatus/|url-status=live}}</ref> The first of the new trains entered service in November 2020.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Greater Anglia Class 720s in passenger service|url=https://www.railmagazine.com/news/network/greater-anglia-class-720s-in-passenger-service|access-date=8 February 2021|website=www.railmagazine.com|language=en}}</ref>

From early 2023, the units only operated services from {{stnlnk| Manningtree}} to {{stnlnk|Harwich Town}} and from {{stnlnk|Colchester}} to {{stnlnk| Walton-on-the-Naze}}, alongside {{brc|720}} units on the latter, as well as one service each day between {{stnlnk|Thorpe-le-Soken}} and {{stnlnk|Walton-on-the-Naze}}.<ref name="TRUK254">{{cite magazine |title=Just three diagrams left for GA 321s |magazine=Today's Railways UK|issue=254 |date=April 2023 |page=59}}</ref> 

The last scheduled Class 321 workings took place on 3 April 2023, with the class subsequently being used on an ad-hoc basis.<ref name="RailExpress324">{{cite magazine |last=Clinnick |first=Richard |date=May 2023 |title=Class 321s bow out of passenger service |magazine=Rail Express |publisher=Mortons Media Group |issue=324 |page=9 |place=Horncastle}}</ref> Following a farewell tour on 29 April 2023, Greater Anglia completely withdrew its Class 321 fleet.<ref name="RailExpress325">{{cite magazine |last=Clinnick |first=Richard |title=Farewell charity tours for veteran EMUs |magazine=Rail Express |issue=325 |date=June 2023 |page=10}}</ref>

==Renatus project==
[[File:321328 Rivenhall 221021 (51618460923) XAM-E1.jpg|thumb|left|Pair of refurbished Class 321 'Renatus' units on a service to {{rws|Clacton-on-Sea}} in October 2021]]
[[File:321303 MSO Standard Class Interior.jpg|thumb|right|The interior of Standard Class aboard a Renatus refurbished Class 321]]
In December 2013 Eversholt rebuilt 321448 as a demonstrator at [[Doncaster Works]] for a proposed upgrade.<ref>{{cite web|title=Class 321 Demonstrator launched on the Abellio Greater Anglia Network|url=https://www.eversholtrail.co.uk/news/class-321-demonstrator-launched-on-the-abellio-greater-anglia-network|website=Eversholt Rail}}</ref> It featured a new livery, completely refitted interior including two examples of sitting arrangements including 2+2 and 2+3, and a new First Class area. The demonstrator also featured air conditioning, not previously seen on Class 321 trains, along with fixed panel windows to replace opening windows and a new [[Kiepe Electric|Vossloh Kiepe]] traction package.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Startseite|url=https://kiepe.knorr-bremse.com/de/de/|access-date=23 March 2022|website=kiepe.knorr-bremse.com|language=de}}</ref><ref>[http://www.railtechnologymagazine.com/rail-news/eversholt-rail-launches-class-321-demonstrator/66425 Eversholt Rail launches Class 321 demonstrator] ''Railway Technology Magazine'' 18 December 2013</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.railtechnologymagazine.com/Rail-News/eversholt-previews-60m-class-321-overhaul |title=Eversholt previews £60m Class 321 overhaul |date=13 August 2015 |website=Rail Technology Magazine}}</ref>

The production run covered 30 units. The Vossloh Kiepe traction package was installed at [[Wolverton railway works|Wolverton Works]] with the rest of the work performed at Doncaster. The first was completed in December 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|date=27 December 2016|title=Greater Anglia launches modernised EMUs|url=https://www.railjournal.com/rolling-stock/greater-anglia-launches-modernised-emus/|access-date=23 March 2022|website=International Railway Journal|language=en-GB}}</ref> In 2017 the prototype returned to Doncaster to be modified to the same specifications as the production units, including being refitted with hopper windows.<ref>{{cite magazine|title= In Brief  |magazine=[[Railways Illustrated]] |issue=178|date=December 2017 |page=13}}</ref>

==Aborted proposals==

===Battery conversion===
In 2022 it was announced that Eversholt and Vivarail were working on a design to convert 321s to battery units that could operate between 20-30 miles on battery power.<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Eversholt and Vivarail to develop battery '321' |magazine=Modern Railways |issue=August 2022 |page=10 }}</ref><ref name="Rail988">{{cite magazine |title= Are Renatus '321s' destined for the bin?  |magazine=[[Rail Magazine]] |issue=988|date=26 July 2023 |pages=44–49}}</ref> The battery units were planned to be used on routes in Scotland.<ref name="Rail988" /> Due to Vivarail going into administration, in December 2022, the project was cancelled.<ref name="Rail988" />

===Hydrogen conversion===
{{Main|British Rail Class 600}}
In May 2018, plans were announced by Eversholt and [[Alstom]] to convert a number of Class 321 units to run on [[hydrogen]] [[fuel-cell]]s, as a way of replacing diesel-powered trains on lines that are unlikely to be [[railway electrification|electrified]].<ref name="rgi-may18">{{cite magazine |title=Alstom and Eversholt plan fuel cell EMUs |url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/news/traction-rolling-stock/single-view/view/alstom-and-eversholt-plan-fuel-cell-emus.html |access-date=23 November 2022 |magazine=Railway Gazette International |publisher=DVV Media International |date=15 May 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180725005644/http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/traction-rolling-stock/single-view/view/alstom-and-eversholt-plan-fuel-cell-emus.html |archive-date=25 July 2018 |location=Sutton}}</ref> The details of the conversion project, dubbed 'Breeze', were published in January 2019, with an expectation that units could be ready for service in 2022{{snd}}although this later slipped to 2024.<ref name="rgi-jan19">{{cite magazine |title=Breeze UK hydrogen multiple-unit proposal unveiled |url=https://www.railwaygazette.com/news/traction-rolling-stock/single-view/view/breeze-uk-hydrogen-multiple-unit-proposal-unveiled.html |access-date=23 November 2022 |magazine=Railway Gazette International |publisher=DVV Media International |date=7 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107195651/https://www.railwaygazette.com/news/traction-rolling-stock/single-view/view/breeze-uk-hydrogen-multiple-unit-proposal-unveiled.html |archive-date=7 January 2019 |location=Sutton}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |last1=Burroughs |first1=David |title=Eversholt Rail and Alstom to invest £1m in hydrogen trains |url=https://www.railjournal.com/fleet/eversholt-rail-and-alstom-to-invest-1m-in-hydrogen-trains/ |access-date=23 November 2022 |work=International Railway Journal |publisher=Simmons-Boardman Publishing |date=22 July 2020 |location=Falmouth}}</ref>

In November 2021 Alstom and Eversholt announced that they had decided to switch their primary focus to developing a hydrogen-fuelled variant of Alstom's [[Alstom Aventra|''Aventra'']] EMU, on the grounds that the pool of convertible Class 321 units was too small to support the market they envisaged for hydrogen-powered trains in the UK, and that the Aventra's advanced technology and reduced requirement for routine maintenance were advantages in both manufacture and operations.<ref name="irj-nov21">{{cite news |last1=Clinnick |first1=Richard |title=Agreement signed for Britain's first new hydrogen train |url=https://www.railjournal.com/fleet/agreement-signed-for-britains-first-new-hydrogen-train/ |access-date=23 November 2022 |work=International Railway Journal |publisher=Simmons-Boardman Publishing |date=10 November 2021 |location=Falmouth}}</ref> Although the companies stated that they would maintain the "option" of converting existing trains in the future,<ref name="irj-nov21" /> the Breeze project was ended in the first half of 2022 and at least one of the Class 321 units selected for conversion (321448) was sent for scrapping.<ref name="TRUK250"/>

==Further use==
In April 2023, Eastern Rail Services acquired 321434 with the intent of making it available for filming projects.<ref name="RailwaysIllustrated224">{{cite magazine |title=ERS buys ex GA class 321|magazine=Railways Illustrated |issue=224 |date=June 2023 |page=18}}</ref>

==Fleet details==
{| class="wikitable"
!Class
!Operator
!Qty.
!Year built
!Unit nos.
|-
! rowspan="3" |321/3
| rowspan="1" |Varamis Rail
| align="center" |3
| align="center" rowspan="3" |1988–1990
| align="left" |321334, 321339, 321341<ref name="Rail1007">{{cite magazine|title=Ten Class 21s join Varamis fleet|department=Network News|magazine=[[Rail Magazine]] |issue=1007|date=17 April 2024|page=24}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1" |Stored
| align="center" |33
| align="left" |321301–321330, 321332, 321338, 321342<ref name="RailExpress324" /><ref>{{cite magazine |title=Anglia units on the move|magazine=Railways Illustrated |issue=224 |date=June 2023 |page=20}}</ref><ref name="TRM1466">{{cite magazine |last=Butlin |first=Ashley |title=Stock Changes |department=Track Record |magazine=The Railway Magazine |issue=1466 |date=May 2023 |page=93 |publisher=Mortons Media Group |place=Horncastle |issn=0033-8923}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="1"|Scrapped
|align="center"|30
|align="left"|321331, 321333, 321335-321337, 321340, 321343–321366<ref name="RailExpress324" /><ref name="TRUK259">{{cite magazine |title= Stock Changes|magazine=[[Today's Railways UK]] |issue=259|date= September 2023 |pages=60}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title= Stock Update|magazine=[[The Railway Magazine]] |issue=1460  |date=September 2023 |page=97}}</ref><ref name="RE329">{{cite magazine|title= Class 321 |department=UNITS|magazine=[[Rail Express]] |issue=329  |date=October 2023 |page=22}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|last= Butlin |first= Ashley |title=Multiple Units|department=Stock Update|magazine=[[The Railway Magazine]] |issue=1477|volume=170|date= April 2024|page=83}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="5" |321/4
|rowspan="1"|Converted to [[British Rail Class 320|Class 320/4]]
|align=center|12
| rowspan="5" align="center" |1989–1990
|align=left|321401, 321403–321404, 321411–321418, 321420<ref name="RailExpress324" />
|-
| rowspan="1"|Eastern Rail Services
|align="center"|1
|align="left"|321434<ref name="RailwaysIllustrated224" />
|-
|rowspan="1"|Varamis Rail
|align="center"|5
|align="left"|321407, 321419, 321428-321429, 321440<ref name="Rail1007"/>
|-
|rowspan="1"|MCL Solutions Gascoigne Wood
|align="center"|1
|align="left"|321443<ref>{{cite magazine|last=Butlin|first=Ashley|title=Multiple Units|department=Stock Update|magazine= [[The Railway Magazine]] |issue=1467|volume=170|date=March 2024|page=89}}</ref>
|-
| rowspan="1"|Scrapped
|align="center"|29
|align="left"| 321402, 321405–406, 321408-321410, 321421–321423, 321424–321427, 321430-321433, 321435–321439, 321441-321442, 231444-321448<ref name="RailExpress324" /><ref name="TRM1466" /><ref name="TRUK259" /><ref name="RE329" /><ref>{{cite magazine |title=Stock Changes |magazine=[[Today's Railways UK]] |issue=258 |date=August 2023 |page=62}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |title= Class 321|department=Units|magazine=[[Rail Express]] |issue=328|date= September 2023 |page=21}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine|title=Stock Update |magazine=[[The Railway Magazine]]|issue=November 2023|page=97}}</ref>
|-
!321/9
| rowspan="1" |Scrapped
| align="center" |3
| align="center" |1991
|321901–321903<ref name="Rail968"/>
|}

===Vehicle numbering===
Individual vehicles are numbered in the ranges as follows:
{| class="wikitable"
|+ style="text-align: left;" | Class 321/3 vehicles<ref name="tr" />
!{{diagonal split header|Detail|Vehicle}}
!DTCO
!PMSO
!TSO
!DTSO
|-
!Diagram
|align=center|EE308
|align=center|EC210
|align=center|EH235
|align=center|EE236
|-
!Number range
|align=center|{{avoid wrap|78049–78094}}, {{avoid wrap|78131–78150}}
|align=center|{{avoid wrap|62975–63020}}, {{avoid wrap|63105–63124}}
|align=center|{{avoid wrap|71880–71925}}, {{avoid wrap|71991–72010}}
|align=center|{{avoid wrap|77853–77898}}, {{avoid wrap|78280–78299}}
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ style="text-align: left;" | Class 321/4 vehicles<ref name="tr" />
!{{diagonal split header|Detail|Vehicle}}
!DTCO
!PMSO
!TSO
!DTSO
|-
!Diagram
|align=center colspan=4|To be confirmed
|-
!Number range
|align=center|{{avoid wrap|78095–78130}}, {{avoid wrap|78151–78162}}
|align=center|{{avoid wrap|63063–63092}}, {{avoid wrap|63099–63104}}, {{avoid wrap|63125–63136}}
|align=center|{{avoid wrap|71949–71978}}, {{avoid wrap|71985–71990}}, {{avoid wrap|72011–72022}}
|align=center|{{avoid wrap|77943–77972}}, {{avoid wrap|78274–78279}}, {{avoid wrap|78300–78311}}
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ style="text-align: left;" | Class 321/9 vehicles<ref name="tr" />
!{{diagonal split header|Detail|Vehicle}}
!DTSO(A)
!PMSO
!TSO
!DTSO(B)
|-
!Diagram
|align=center colspan=4|To be confirmed
|-
!Number range
|align=center|{{avoid wrap|77990–77992}}
|align=center|{{avoid wrap|63153–63155}}
|align=center|{{avoid wrap|72128–72130}}
|align=center|{{avoid wrap|77993–77995}}
|}

===Named units===
{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
*321312: ''[[Southend-on-Sea]]''<ref name="MLI">{{cite magazine |title=Class 321/3 and Class 321/9 |magazine=Modern Locomotives Illustrated |date=October 2018 |issue=233 |pages=39–49 |publisher=Key Publishing |location=Stamford}}</ref>
*321321: ''NSPCC Essex Full Stop''<ref name="MLI" />
*321334: ''[[Amsterdam]]''<ref name="RailExpressMay">{{cite magazine |title=Shed Talk |magazine=Rail Express |publisher=Mortons Media Group |place=Horncastle |issue=300 |date=May 2021 |page=29}}</ref>
*321336: ''[[Geoffrey Freeman Allen]]''<ref name="RailExpressFebauray2022.28">{{cite magazine |title=Depot Talk |magazine=Rail Express |publisher=Mortons Media Group |place=Horncastle |issue=309 |date=February 2022 |page=28}}</ref>
*321342: ''R Barnes''<ref name="MLI" />
*321343: ''RSA Railway Study Association''<ref name="RailExpressFebauray2022.28" />
*321351: ''[[Southend Airport|London Southend Airport]]''<ref name= RailExpressMay />
*321361: ''Phoenix''<ref>{{cite magazine |title=Shed Talk |magazine=Rail Express |publisher=Mortons Media Group |place=Horncastle |issue=303 |date=August 2021 |page=32}}</ref>
*321403: ''Stewart Fleming Signalman King's Cross''<ref name="MLI" />
*321407: ''Hertfordshire WRVS''<ref name="MLI" />
*321413: ''Bill Green''<ref name="MLI" />
*321425: ''Bletchley Seven Silver Service''<ref name="MLI" />
*321427: ''Major Tim Warr''<ref name="MLI" />
*321428: ''The Essex Commuter''<ref name="MLI" />
*321439: ''Chelmsford Cathedral Festival''<ref name="MLI" />
*321444: ''Essex Lifeboats''<ref name="MLI" />
*321446: ''George Mullings''<ref name="MLI" />
{{div col end}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Further reading==
{{commons}}
*{{cite magazine|title=Anglian '321' a 'guinea pig' for traction system upgrade|first=Richard|last=Clinnick|magazine=Rail|pages=30|issue=710|date=28 November – 11 December 2012|location=Peterborough|publisher=Bauer|issn=0953-4563|oclc=49953699}}

{{Mark 3-derived}}
{{British Rail EMU}}

[[Category:British Rail electric multiple units|321]]
[[Category:BREL products|321]]
[[Category:Train-related introductions in 1988]]
[[Category:25 kV AC multiple units]]