View source for Hanoi Metro Line 3

{{Short description|Metro line in Hanoi, Vietnam}}
{{Expand Vietnamese|topic=transp|date=April 2022}}{{Infobox rail line
| box_width        = 300px
| name             = {{RouteBox|3|Hanoi Metro Line 3|#{{rcr|Hanoi Metro|3}}|white}} Văn Miếu Line
| native_name      = Tuyến Văn Miếu
| color            = {{rcr|Hanoi Metro|3}}
| logo             = 
| logo_width       = 
| logo_alt         = 
| image            = Line 3 of Hanoi Metro passing over Xuan Thuy road, viewed from above.jpg 
| image_width      = 300px
| image_alt        = 
| caption          = Line 3 of Hanoi Metro passing over Xuan Thuy road
| type             = [[Rapid transit]]
| system           = [[Hanoi Metro]]
| status           = Completed (Elevated section), 43.25% under construction (Underground) as of August 8th 2024
| stations         = Phase 1 (Nhon - Hanoi Station): 12
| linenumber       = 3
| start            = {{stn|Nhon}}
| end              = [[Hanoi Railway Station]]
| routes           = 
| depot            = [[Nhon Depot]]
| planopen         = 2027 (entire route)
| open = {{Start date and age|2024|08|08|df=y}} (elevated section) <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://vietnamnews.vn/society/1660668/ha-noi-leader-wants-nhon-ha-noi-station-metro-to-start-commercial-operations-from-august-8.html|title=Hà Nội leader wants Nhổn-Hà Nội Station metro to start commercial operations from August 8|access-date=2024-08-07|date=2024-08-06|url-status=live}}</ref>
| close            = 
| owner            = [[Vietnam Railways]]
| operator         = [[Hanoi Metro Company]] (HMC)
| stock            = 10 4-carriage [[Alstom Metropolis]] trains (40 carriages)<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.globalrailnews.com/2017/01/17/french-consortium-to-deliver-hanoi-metro-line-3/ |title=French consortium to deliver Hanoi Metro Line 3 |access-date=2017-05-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180527202540/https://www.globalrailnews.com/2017/01/17/french-consortium-to-deliver-hanoi-metro-line-3/ |archive-date=2018-05-27 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| linelength       = Phase 1: {{convert|12.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} 
| gauge            = {{RailGauge|sg|al=on}}
| conductionsystem = 
| daily_ridership  =
| ridership2       = 8,600 passengers/hour/direction
| electrification  = [[Third rail]], 750 V DC
| speed            = {{convert|35|kph|mph|abbr=on}}<br>{{convert|80|kph|mph|abbr=on}} maximum <ref>{{Cite web|url=https://tuoitre.vn/trai-nghiem-metro-nhon-ga-ha-noi-khoi-hanh-dung-hoi-giat-cuc-ban-quan-ly-noi-gi-20240807133242847.htm|title=Trải nghiệm metro Nhổn - ga Hà Nội: Khởi hành, dừng hơi 'giật cục', ban quản lý nói gì?|language=vi|access-date=2024-08-08|date=2024-08-07|url-status=live}}</ref>
| website          = {{URL|hanoimetro.net.vn}}
| map              = {{Line 3 (Hanoi Metro)}}
| map_state        = collapsed
}}

'''Hanoi Metro Line 3''', also known as the '''Văn Miếu Line''', is a [[Medium-capacity rail system|medium-capacity]] [[rapid transit]] service of the Hanoi Metro network, operated by Hanoi Metro Company. Colored dark red on transit maps, the line currently runs from Nhổn, a suburb in Bắc Từ Liêm District, west of city center, to its current terminus in Cầu Giấy Bus Interchange, located in Cầu Giấy district. When fully operational, the line will continue eastbound toward Hanoi Station, providing a direct connection to downtown Hanoi and the city's main railway station. The line operates between 5.30 am and 10pm, with headways of 6 minutes during peak hours (7 am - 8.30 am and 4.30 pm to 6pm), and 10 minutes during off-peak hours. All trains on Line 3 operate with a 4-cars formation.  

This line was the first to be built in Hanoi Metro network, starting construction in September 2010 with a expected completion date in late 2016, with a budget of 18 trillion VND<ref>{{Cite web |title=Khởi công xây dựng tuyến Metro Nhổn - Ga Hà Nội - Hasitec .,JSC |url=http://hasitec.com.vn/vi/news/Trong-nuoc/Nam-2015-tuyen-Metro-Nhon-Ga-Ha-Noi-se-dua-vao-khai-thac-131/#:~:text=D%E1%BB%B1%20%C3%A1n%20%C4%91%C6%B0%E1%BB%A3c%20kh%E1%BB%9Fi%20c%C3%B4ng,tr%C3%AAn%20%C4%91%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng%20Tr%E1%BA%A7n%20H%C6%B0ng%20%C4%90%E1%BA%A1o). |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=hasitec.com.vn}}</ref> (1 billion USD in 2010) However, the project was plagued with delays and budget overrun, total about 34.532 trillion VND (1.46 billion USD) in 2022.  

The line is divided into three segments: The first segment, which runs from Nhổn to Hanoi Station. This segment is 12.5 km long, consists of 12 stations in total,<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ha Noi Metro Rail System Project (Line 3: Nhon-Ha Noi Station Section) |url=https://www.adb.org/projects/40080-013/main}}</ref> with the first 8.5 km (between Nhổn and Cầu Giấy) running elevated, while the last 4 km (between Cầu Giấy) and Hanoi Station running underground. In addition, there have been plans for a southern extension (second segment), which will run from Hanoi Station to southern district of Hoàng Mai, and a northern extension (third segment) toward Sơn Tây. <ref>{{Cite web |last=Tú - |first=Anh |date=2024-05-16 |title=Chuẩn bị đầu tư metro đi ngầm gần như hoàn toàn, tuyến số 3 đoạn ga Hà Nội - Hoàng Mai |url=https://vneconomy.vn/chuan-bi-dau-tu-metro-di-ngam-gan-nhu-hoan-toan-tuyen-so-3-doan-ga-ha-noi-hoang-mai.htm |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=Nhịp sống kinh tế Việt Nam & Thế giới |language=vi}}</ref>Currently, only the elevated phase of first segment (between Nhổn and Cầu Giấy) is operational. About 20% of Hanoi's population in 6 districts [[Ba Dinh District|Ba Dinh]], [[Cau Giay]], [[Dong Da]], [[Hoan Kiem]], [[Nam Từ Liêm]] and [[Bắc Từ Liêm]] can benefit from this line.

== History ==

=== Initial developments ===
''Further reading: [[Hanoi Metro]]''

Line 3 dated back to 1998, when the Vietnamese government approved the 2020 vision Master Plan, which prioritise the building of a rail transit system, with a target to build 5 metro lines. Line 3 was among one of the original line considered in the master plan. <ref>{{Cite web |last=thuvienphapluat.vn |date=2022-07-14 |title=Quyết định 108/1998/QĐ-TTg phê duyệt điều chỉnh quy hoạch chung Thủ đô Hà Nội đến năm 2020 |url=https://thuvienphapluat.vn/van-ban/Xay-dung-Do-thi/Quyet-dinh-108-1998-QD-TTg-phe-duyet-dieu-chinh-quy-hoach-chung-Thu-do-Ha-Noi-den-nam-2020-41729.aspx |access-date=2024-08-07 |website=THƯ VIỆN PHÁP LUẬT}}</ref>

Two separate preliminary feasibility studies was conducted in 2004 and 2005 with the help of the Asian Development Bank to determine the viability of Line 3.<ref>{{Cite web |last=ADB |date=December 2006 |title=Preparing the Hanoi Metro Rail System Project - Technical Assistance Report |url=https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-documents//40080-vie-tar.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240807122306/https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-documents//40080-vie-tar.pdf |archive-date=August 7, 2024 |access-date=August 7, 2024 |website=Asian Development Bank |language=en}}</ref>

Four options were originally considered: 

# An elevated metro line running from Nhổn depot to Swedish Embassy on Kim Mã Avenue, then running underground to Hanoi Station;
# An at-grade tramway section between Nhổn and Ringway 3, then an elevated line to Swedish Embassy on Kim Mã Avenue, then running underground to Hanoi Station;
# Similar to option 2, but the at-grade tramway would be converted to a dedicated metro line;
# An at-grade tramway section between Nhổn and to Swedish Embassy on Kim Mã Avenue, then running underground to Hanoi Station. 

Out of all options, options 2 and 3 were eliminated from further consideration due to congestion and performance issues associated with a mixed circulation tramway system. Option 4 was discounted from further consideration because even though it involved a system operating on a partially dedicated route, significant adverse changes to traffic management were required, particularly at intersections and pedestrian crossings and it would have resulted in reduced operating efficiencies and travel times. As a result, option 1, which was forecasted to carry up to 458,000 people daily,<ref>{{Cite web |last=ADB |title=Economic Analysis: Hanoi Metro Line 3 |url=https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/linked-documents/40080-01-vie-ea.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605133016/https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/linked-documents/40080-01-vie-ea.pdf |archive-date=June 5, 2023 |access-date=August 7, 2024 |website=Asian Development Bank}}</ref> was selected as the preferred option.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=ADB |date=August 2010 |title=Ha Noi Pilot Metro Light Metro Line, section Nhon - Ha Noi Railway Station (MRT3): Environmental Assessment Report (Draft) |url=https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-documents//40080-01-vie-eiaab.pdf#page=249.12 |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604155952/https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/project-documents/40080-01-vie-eiaab.pdf#page=249.12 |archive-date=June 4, 2023 |access-date=August 7, 2024 |website=Asian Development Bank}}</ref>

The name and location of stations were finalized in the 2009 Final Feasibility Study. Based on this study, fifteen stations were reduced to 12 stations, 8 elevated and 4 underground. A twin bored tunnel concept using tunnel boring machines (TBM) was selected to tunnel 15 to 8 m underground and to utilize the centerline of existing surface roads. Two underground stations, Cát Linh and Văn Miếu, were relocated one block eastward to avoid cultural significant sites. <ref name=":0" />

== Budget ==

Beside 276 million euros from the Hanoi city's budget, the project also receives 726 million euros from the four donors - the French government (DGT), [[French Development Agency]] (AFD), Asian Development Bank (ADB),<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.adb.org/projects/40080-025/main|title=Financing of metro line 3: Nhon - Hanoi Station section}|website=Asian Development Bank}}</ref> and [[European Investment Bank]] (EIB).

== Construction progress ==

Implementation of the project is delayed by four years compared to the original schedule with completion expected in 2021. As of March 2017, the project has achieved 30% physical progress over the elapsed project life of 9 years. However, the project completion is expected to be delayed to 2027.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://e.vnexpress.net/news/news/sluggish-hanoi-metro-defers-line-3-launch-to-2023-3760055.html |title= Sluggish Hanoi metro defers Line 3 launch to 2023}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-09-20 |title=Đường sắt trên cao Nhổn - ga Hà Nội dự kiến khai thác khi nào?  |trans-title=When is the Nhon-Hanoi station elevated railway expected to operate?|url=https://vov.vn/xa-hoi/duong-sat-tren-cao-nhon-ga-ha-noi-du-kien-khai-thac-khi-nao-post1047019.vov |access-date=2024-05-21 |website=VOV.VN |language=vi}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://amp.laodong.vn/photo/hien-trang-duong-sat-nhon-ga-ha-noi-lui-tien-do-hoan-thanh-vao-nam-2027-1233454.ldo |title=Hiện trạng đường sắt Nhổn - Ga Hà Nội lùi tiến độ hoàn thành vào năm 2027 |trans-title=  Current status of Nhon - Hanoi Railway Station delayed completion to 2027            |access-date=2023-11-24 |archive-date=2023-11-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231124092106/https://amp.laodong.vn/photo/hien-trang-duong-sat-nhon-ga-ha-noi-lui-tien-do-hoan-thanh-vao-nam-2027-1233454.ldo |url-status=live }}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web |last=TUOI TRE ONLINE |date=2024-01-26 |title=Tháng 6-2024 chạy tuyến metro Nhổn - ga Hà Nội sau gần 14 năm |trans-title=In June 2024, the Nhon-Hanoi station metro line will run after nearly 14 years |url=https://tuoitre.vn/thang-6-2024-chay-tuyen-metro-nhon-ga-ha-noi-sau-gan-14-nam-2024012622380109.htm |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=TUOI TRE ONLINE |language=vi}}</ref>
<ref>{{Cite web |last=hanoimoi.vn |date=2023-09-03 |title=Khám phá các nhà ga trên cao tuyến Metro Nhổn - ga Hà Nội |trans-title=Explore elevated stations on Metro Nhon - Hanoi station |url=https://hanoimoi.vn/kham-pha-cac-nha-ga-tren-cao-tuyen-metro-nhon-ga-ha-noi-639885.html |access-date=2024-05-22 |website=hanoimoi.vn |language=vi}}</ref>

== Route ==
<center>[[File:Panorama view of Line 3, Hanoi Metro, passing over Xuan Thuy road.jpg|thumb|500px|center|Elevated section passing over Xuan Thuy road. Visible from left to right are: Chua Ha, National University, Le Duc Tho stations.]]</center>
Line 3: Nhon - Hanoi Station section starts from Nhon - to National Highway 32 - Cau Dien - Mai Dich - Ring road 3 intersection - Cau Giay (ring road 2 intersection) - Kim Ma - Giang Vo - Cat Linh - Quoc Tu Giam and ends at Tran Hung Dao Street, in front of Hanoi Station.

== Stations ==

12 stations including 8 elevated stations (Nhon, Minh Khai, Phu Dien, Cau Dien, Le Duc Tho, Vietnam National University, Chua Ha, Cau Giay) and 4 underground stations (Kim Ma, Cat Linh, Van Mieu, Hanoi Station), with concourse level, elevators and lifts. The railway platform is 109 m long.

{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 85%; text-align: center;"
! rowspan="2" | Station code<br>{{RouteBox|3|Hanoi Metro Line 3|#{{rcr|Hanoi Metro|3}}|white}}
! colspan="2" | Station name
! rowspan="2" | Metro transfers
! rowspan="2" |'''Distance between stations'''
! rowspan="2" |'''Total distance'''
! colspan="2" | Location
|- style="border-bottom:solid 0.25em {{rcr|Hanoi Metro|3}};"
!English
!Vietnamese
! District
! Ward
|-
| S01
| {{stn|Nhon}}
| Nhổn
|
|{{convert|0|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|0|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| rowspan="3" |[[Bắc Từ Liêm]]
| rowspan="2" |Minh Khai
|-
| S02
| {{stn|Minh Khai}}
| Minh Khai
|
|{{convert|1.129|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|1.129|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|-
| S03
| [[Phú Diễn station (Hanoi Metro)|Phu Dien]]
| Phú Diễn
|{{RouteBox|6|Hanoi Metro Line 6|#{{rcr|Hanoi Metro|6}}|white}} {{RouteBox|8|Hanoi Metro Line 8|#{{rcr|Hanoi Metro|8}}|white}} (planned)
|{{convert|1.174|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|2.303|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| Phúc Diễn
|-
| S04
| {{stn|Cau Dien}}
| Cầu Diễn
|
|{{convert|0.831|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|3.134|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Nam Từ Liêm]]
| Cầu Diễn
|-
| S05
| {{stn|Le Duc Tho}}
| Lê Đức Thọ
|
|{{convert|1.125|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|4.259|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| rowspan="3" |[[Cầu Giấy]]
| Mai Dịch
|-
| S06
| [[Vietnam National University station|National University]]
| Đại học Quốc gia
|
|{{convert|1.03|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|5.289|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|Dịch Vọng Hậu
|-
| S07
| {{stn|Chua Ha}}
| Chùa Hà
|
|{{convert|1.225|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|6.514|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|Dịch Vọng
|-
| S08
| {{stn|Cau Giay}}
| Cầu Giấy
|
|{{convert|1.165|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|7.679|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Ba Đình district|Ba Đình]]
| rowspan="2" |[[Ngọc Khánh]]
|-
| S09
| {{stn|Kim Ma}}
| Kim Mã
| {{RouteBox|5|Hanoi Metro Line 5|#{{rcr|Hanoi Metro|5}}|white}} (planned)
|{{convert|1.198|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|8.877|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
|-
| S10
| {{stn|Cat Linh}}
| Cát Linh
|{{RouteBox|2A|Hanoi Metro Line 2A|#{{rcr|Hanoi Metro|2A}}|white}}
|{{convert|1.52|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|10.397|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| rowspan="2" |[[Đống Đa]]
| Cát Linh
|-
| S11
| {{stn|Van Mieu}}
| Văn Miếu
|
|{{convert|0.871|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|11.268|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| Quốc Tử Giám
|- style="border-bottom:solid 0.25em {{Hn-metro-color|3}};"
| S12
| [[Hanoi station|Ha Noi]]
| Hà Nội
| {{RouteBox|1|Hanoi Metro Line 1|#{{rcr|Hanoi Metro|1}}|white}} (planned)
|{{convert|0.701|km|mi|abbr=on}}
|{{convert|11.969|km|mi|abbr=on|disp=br()}}
| [[Hoàn Kiếm]]
| Cửa Nam
|}
<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://cdnphoto.dantri.com.vn/kwsNVoEMDnTKfM8r6BVizIOBQxE=/2024/07/17/nhon-ga-ha-noi-1721180367163.png|title=List of Line 3 stations, their locations, distance and construction progress (in Đề xuất cấp giấy phép môi trường cho metro Nhổn - ga Hà Nội)|trans-title=Proposal to issue an environmental permit for Nhon - Hanoi station metro line|date=2024-07-17|website=dantri.com.vn - image provided by Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment|language=vi|access-date=2024-07-17}}</ref>

== Social and environmental impacts ==

* Land acquisition and resettlement: To transform Hanoi's transport system, the government may acquire some land along segments of the line, and around Nhon depot. A Resettlement Plan has been prepared and updated for the project, which is consistent with the Asian Development Bank's Safeguards Policy Statement, and the updated Resettlement and Compensation Policies of the government of Vietnam.
* Environmental management: The development of the line involves significant construction works, which can generate adverse environmental impacts. These have been assessed in an international standard environmental impact assessment. The most significant impacts affecting Hanoi citizens during construction may include excessive dust and noise, traffic disturbances, and the relocation of mature trees along the metro alignment. All contractors have developed and are implementing robust environmental management plans and engineering solutions to minimize environmental impacts, and respond to any event. Overall, environmental benefits including improved air quality, reduced [[greenhouse gas emissions|greenhouse gas emission]] and enhanced community health and safety will significantly outweigh the adverse environmental impacts.

== See also ==
{{Portal|Trains|Vietnam|Transport}}
* [[Transport in Vietnam]]
* [[Ho Chi Minh City Metro]]
* [[Megaproject]]
* [[Hanoi Metro]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{commonscat-inline|Line 3, Hanoi Metro}}

{{Vietnam rapid transit}}
{{Transport in Vietnam}}
{{Urban Rail Transit in ASEAN}}

[[Category:Rapid transit in Vietnam]]
[[Category:Hanoi Metro]]
[[Category:Proposed public transport in Asia]]
[[Category:2024 in rail transport]]