View source for Annamayya district

{{Short description|District of Andhra Pradesh, India}}
{{copyedit|date=February 2024}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2022}}
{{Use Indian English|date=April 2022}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Annamayya district
| settlement_type    = [[List of districts of Andhra Pradesh|District]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{IND}}
| image_skyline      = Annamayya at Rajampet, Kadapa District.JPG
| image_caption      = 108-foot Annamayya statue in [[Rajampet]]
| image_map          = Annamayya in Andhra Pradesh (India).svg
| image_map1         = {{Infobox mapframe|zoom=7|wikidata=yes|coord={{coord|14.056|78.751}}}}
| map_caption        = Location of Annamayya district in Andhra Pradesh
| coordinates        = {{coord|14.05|78.75|display=title,inline}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[States and union territories of India|State]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Andhra Pradesh]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[List of regions in India|Region]]
| subdivision_name2  = [[Rayalaseema]]
| seat_type          = Headquarters
| seat               = [[Rayachoti]]
| seat1_type         = Largest city
| seat1              = [[Madanapalle]]
| parts_type         = Administrative Divisions
| parts              = {{bulleted list|
| [[List of revenue divisions in Andhra Pradesh|3 revenue divisions]]
 [[Madanapalle revenue division|Madanapalle]], [[Rayachoti revenue division|Rayachoti]], [[Rajampeta revenue division|Rajampeta]] 
| [[List of mandals of Andhra Pradesh|30 Mandalas]]
}}
| native_name        = <!-- No native name per [[WP:NOINDICSCRIPTS]] -->
| government_footnotes = 
| government_type    = 
| governing_body     = 
| leader_party            = 
| leader_title            = [[District magistrate (India)|District Collector]]
| leader_name             = C. Sridhar, IAS
| leader_title1           = [[Superintendent of police (India)|SP]]
| leader_name1            = V. Vidya Sagar Naidu, IPS
| leader_title2          = [[Indian Forest Service |DFO]]
| leader_name2       = P. Vivek, IFS
| leader_title3      = [[List of constituencies of the Lok Sabha#Andhra Pradesh (25)|Lok Sabha constituencies]]
| leader_name3       = [[Rajampet (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajampeta]]
| leader_title4      = [[Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha|MP]]
| leader_name4       = [[P. V. Midhun Reddy]]
| leader_title5      = [[Vidhan Sabha|Assembly constituencies]]
| leader_name5       = 06
| total_type         = Total
| area_total_km2     = 7951
| area_footnotes     = {{Sfn|CPO|2022|p=IX}}
| population_as_of   = 2011
| population_footnotes = <ref name="dem0"/><ref name="dem1"/>
| population_total   = 1697308
| population_density_km2 = auto
| demographics_type1 = Languages
| demographics1_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref>tags -->
| demographics1_title1 = Official
| demographics1_info1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]]
| demographics_type2 = [[Literacy in India|Literacy]]
| demographics2_footnotes = {{Sfn|CPO|2022|p=iX}}
| demographics2_title1 = Literates
| demographics2_info1 = 10,03,000
| demographics3_footnotes = <!-- for references: use <ref>tags -->
| timezone1          = [[Indian Standard Time|IST]]
| utc_offset         = +05:30
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal Index Number]]
| postal_code        = 516XXX, 517XXX
| website            = {{URL|https://annamayya.ap.gov.in/}}
| established_title  = Formed
| established_date   = 4 April 2022
| founder            = [[Government of Andhra Pradesh]]
| named_for          = [[Annamacharya]]
}}
'''Annamayya district''' is one of the eight districts in the [[Rayalaseema]] region of [[Andhra Pradesh]], established in 2022. [[Rayachoti]] is the district administrative headquarters, and [[Madanapalle]] is the most populated city in the district.

==Etymology==
The district is named after [[Annamacharya]],<ref>{{Cite web |last=Apparasu |first=Srinivasa Rao |date=2022-04-05 |title=Andhra adds 13 new districts with aim to boost governance |url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/andhra-adds-13-new-districts-with-aim-to-boost-governance-101649099374136.html |access-date=2022-04-09 |website=Hindustan Times |language=en}}</ref> a 15th-century [[Hindu]] saint that hailed from [[Tallapaka, India|Tallapaka]], [[Rajampeta]], and the earliest known Indian musician to compose songs called ''sankirtanas'' in praise of the Hindu deity [[Venkateswara]].<ref name="svasa">{{cite web |url=http://www.svasa.org/annamacharya1.html |title=Life and Times of Sri Tallapaka Annamacharya |publisher=Svasa.org |access-date=2013-06-20 |archive-date=18 September 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090918225615/http://www.svasa.org/annamacharya1.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

==History==

Annamayya district was formed on 4 April 2022 from parts of erstwhile [[Chittoor district]] and [[YSR district]]s as part of the reorganisation of Andhra Pradesh districts based on parliament constituency as unit.{{Sfn|CPO|2022}}

[[Rayachoti]] has many [[Megalith|megalithic]] sites and stone circles. Devandlapalli, located in the T sundupalle mandal of the district, is a well-known megalithic site.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.thehindu.com/features/friday-review/history-and-culture/megalithic-burial-site-found-in-kadapa/article3565463.ece | location=Chennai, India | work=The Hindu | title=Megalithic burial site found in Kadapa | date=24 June 2012}}</ref> 

Nandalur<ref>{{Cite book |editor-first=Debala |editor-last=Mitra |url=http://asi.nic.in/nmma_reviews/Indian%20Archaeology%201979-80%20A%20Review.pdf |title=Indian Archaeology 1979–80—A Review |publisher=Archaeological Survey of India, Government of India |location=New Delhi |year=1983 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120508073851/http://asi.nic.in/nmma_reviews/Indian%20Archaeology%201979-80%20A%20Review.pdf |archive-date=8 May 2012 |url-status=dead }}</ref> is an important Buddhist site in the district, along with [[Tallapaka, India|Tallapaka]], [[Rajampeta]], Konduru, Khazipeta.

==Geography==
Annamayya district is the extreme southwestern district of [[Andhra Pradesh]] situated within the geographical co-ordinates of 13° 19’ 55” and 14° 42’ 32” of northern latitude and 78° 18’ 55” and 79° 20’26” eastern longitude. This district is part of [[Rayalaseema]]. The district is bounded on the north by [[YSR district|Kadapa District]], west by [[Sri Sathya Sai district]] and south by [[Chikballapur district]] and [[Kolar district]] of [[Karnataka]] and [[Chittoor district]] of [[Andhra Pradesh]], east by [[Nellore district|Nellore]] and [[Tirupati district|Tirupati]] districts of [[Andhra Pradesh]].{{Sfn|CPO|2022|p=III}}

=== Natural resources ===
Palakonda Hills, also known as Seshachalam hills, Nallamalais and Lankamalais, are the major hill ranges in the district. Cheyyeru is the main river of the district. It joins Penneru at Gundlamada in Vontimitta mandal. Bonnet monkey (''Macaca radiata'') and Madras langur are commonly found. Tigers, leopards and other wild animals can still be seen in the hill ranges. Grey partridge (''kamju'' in Telugu) and quail are commonly seen in the forests and countryside. Black soil occupies 23.7% area in the district. Barytes, lime stone and asbestos are the major minerals. The average annual rainfall is 743.7&nbsp;mm. The rainfall generally increases from the north-west to the south-east in the district.{{Sfn|CPO|2022|p=IV-V}}

== Demographics ==

{{bar box
|title=Religions in Annamayya district based on the 2011 census<ref name="religion">{{Cite web|date=2011|title=Population by Religion - Andhra Pradesh|url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/11363/download/14476/DDW28C-01%20MDDS.XLS|website=censusindia.gov.in|publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>
|titlebar=#Fcd116
|left1=Religion
|right1=Percent
|float=right
|bars=
{{bar percent|[[Hinduism]]|darkorange|81.97}}
{{bar percent|[[Andhra Muslims|Islam]]|green|17.25}}
{{bar percent|Other or not stated|black|0.78}}
}}

Based on the 2011 census, Annamayya district had a population of 16,97,308, of which 391,511 (23.07%) live in urban areas. Annamayya district has a sex ratio of 989 females per 1000 males. [[Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes]] make up 2,28,501 (13.46%) and 62,475 (3.68%) of the population respectively.<ref name="dem0">{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book – YSR Kadapa |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/148/download/242/DH_2011_2820_PART_A_DCHB_YSR.pdf|website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>{{rp|80–84}}<ref name="dem1">{{cite web |title=District Census Hand Book – Chittoor |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/116/download/114/DH_2011_2823_PART_A_DCHB_CHITTOOR.pdf|website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>{{rp|82–87}}

{{Pie chart
|caption = Languages of Annamayya district based on the 2011 census<ref name="language"/>
|label1 = [[Telugu language|Telugu]] |value1 = 81.91 |color1 = steelblue
|label2 = [[Urdu]] |value2 = 16.40 |color2 = green
|label3 = [[Lambadi]] |value3 = 1.04 |color3 = khaki
|label4 = Others |value4 = 0.65 |color4 = grey
|thumb = right
}}
Based on the 2011 census, 81.91% of the population spoke [[Telugu language|Telugu]], 16.40% [[Urdu language|Urdu]] and 1.04% [[Lambadi language|Lambadi]] as their first language.<ref name="language">{{Cite web |title=Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Andhra Pradesh |url=https://censusindia.gov.in/nada/index.php/catalog/10193/download/13305/DDW-C16-STMT-MDDS-2800.XLSX |website=[[Census of India]] |publisher=[[Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India]]}}</ref>

== Administrative divisions ==
[[File:Annamayya.png|alt=Rayachoty District, Rajampeta District, Madanapalle District|thumb|Map of mandals of Annamayya district]]

=== Mandals ===
The district is divided into three revenue divisions, [[Madanapalle revenue division|Madanapalle]], [[Rajampeta revenue division|Rajampeta]] and [[Rayachoti revenue division|Rayachoti]], which are further subdivided into a total of 30 mandals, each headed by a sub-collector.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Revenue Division |url=https://annamayya.ap.gov.in/revenue-division/ |access-date=2023-04-09 |website=Annamayya district}}</ref> The mandals are:
{{Div col}} 
# [[Madanapalle revenue division]]
## [[B.Kothakota mandal|Beerangi Kothakota]]
## [[Kalikiri mandal|Kalikiri]]
## [[Kurabalakota mandal|Kurabalakota]]
## [[Madanapalle mandal|Madanapalle]]
## [[Mulakalacheruvu mandal|Mulakalacheruvu]]
## [[Nimmanapalle mandal|Nimmanapalle]]
## [[Peddamandyam mandal|Peddamandyam]]
## [[Peddathippasamudram mandal|Peddathippasamudram]]
## [[Ramasamudram mandal|Ramasamudram]]
## [[Thamballapalle mandal|Thamballapalle]]
## [[Valmikipuram mandal|Valmikipuram]]
# [[Rajampeta revenue division]]
## [[Chitvel mandal|Chitvel]]
## [[Nandalur mandal|Nandalur]]
## [[Obulavaripalle mandal|Obulavaripalle]]
## [[Penagalur mandal|Penagalur]]
## [[Pullampeta mandal|Pullampeta]]
## [[Railway Koduru mandal|Railway Koduru]]
## [[Rajampet mandal|Rajampet]]
## [[T. Sundupalle mandal|T. Sundupalle]]
## [[Veeraballi mandal|Veeraballi]]
# [[Rayachoti revenue division]]
## [[Chinnamandyam mandal|Chinnamandyam]]
## [[Galiveedu mandal|Galiveedu]]
## [[Gurramkonda mandal|Gurramkonda]]
## [[Kalakada mandal|Kalakada]]
## [[Kambhamvaripalle mandal|Kambhamvaripalle]]
## [[Lakkireddypalli mandal|Lakkireddypalli]]
## [[Piler mandal|Pileru]]
## [[Ramapuram mandal|Ramapuram]]
## [[Rayachoti mandal|Rayachoti]]
## [[Sambepalli mandal|Sambepalli]]
{{Div end}}

== Politics ==
There is one [[Lok Sabha|Lok sabha]] constituency named [[Rajampet (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajampet]], along with six assembly constituencies in the district.{{Sfn|CPO|2022|p=XVI}}

The assembly constituencies are given below.
{|class="wikitable sortable"
!width="50px" style="font-size:75%"|Constituency number
!Name
!style="font-size:75%"|Reserved for<br/>([[Dalit|SC]]/[[Adivasi|ST]]/None)
!Parliamentary constituency
|-
|125
|[[Rajampet (Assembly constituency)|Rajampet]]
|None
| rowspan="6" |[[Rajampet (Lok Sabha constituency)|Rajampet]]
|-
|127
|[[Kodur (Assembly constituency)|Kodur]]
|[[Dalit|SC]]
|-
|128
|[[Rayachoti (Assembly constituency)|Rayachoti]]
|None
|-
|162
|[[Thamballapalle (Assembly constituency)|Thamballapalle]]
|None
|-
|163
|[[Pileru (Assembly constituency)|Pileru]]
|None
|-
|164
|[[Madanapalle (Assembly constituency)|Madanapalle]]
|None
|}

== Cities and towns ==
There are three municipalities {{Sfn|CPO|2022|p=XV}} and one nagar panchayat in the district.
{{Srn}}
{| class="wikitable sortable static-row-numbers"
|+Municipal Bodies in Annamayya District
!Ciy/Town !! Civil status !! Revenue Division !! Population(2011)
|-
| [[Madanapalle]]
| Municipality
| Madanapalle
| 180,180 
|-
| [[Rayachoti]]
| Municipality
| Rayachoti
| 98,299
|-
| [[Pileru]]
| Major Panchayath
| Rayachoti
| 60,253
|-
| [[Rajampet]]a
| Municipality
| Rajampeta
| 57,277
|}

== Economy ==
Agriculture is the main economic activity. Paddy, groundnut, sunflower, cotton, and betel leaves are the major crops. Mango, papaya, banana, lemon and sweet orange are the major horticultural crops. As per the FY 2019–20, the gross cropped area is 1,71,617 hectares, while the gross irrigated area is 66,281 hectares. Pincha and Annamayya are the major irrigation projects.{{Sfn|CPO|2022|p=V-VI}}

==Transport==

===Roadways===
301.59&nbsp;km of National Highways, 330.46&nbsp;km of State Highways 831.91&nbsp;km of major district roads and 4,131.43&nbsp;km of Panchayat Raj roads form the road network of the district.{{Sfn|CPO|2022|p=VI}} [[National Highway 716 (India)|NH 716]],[[National Highway 40 (India)|NH 40]] and [[National Highway 71 (India)|NH 71]] pass through the district.The proposed NH 370 Nellore to Ananthapuram (Nellore–Rapur–Rajampet–Rayachoti–Kadiri–Ananthapuram) under planning passes through the district.

===Railways===
As of 2019–20, broad-gauge railway line of 195.13&nbsp;km length with 24 railway stations part of [[Guntakal railway division]] of [[South Central Railway zone|South Central Railway Zone]] serve the district. Madanapalle Road railway 12&nbsp;km away from [[Madanapalle]] is on Guntakal-Pakala-Tirupati line that passes through the district.{{Sfn|CPO|2022|p=VI}} <ref>{{Cite web |url=https://scr.indianrailways.gov.in/view_section.jsp?lang=0&id=0,1,291,353,1864 |title=Guntakal division map |access-date=2023-04-23 |website=South central railway}}</ref> [[Kadapa railway station]] is the nearest major railway station at a distance of 51&nbsp;km from Rayachoty.

===Airways===
The nearest small airport is [[Kadapa Airport]], situtaed {{convert|54|km}} away from Rayachoty. The nearest airport is [[Tirupati International Airport]], {{convert|130|km}} distant from Rayachoty.

== Education ==
According to the 2011 census, the district has a literacy rate of 64.63%, which is lower than the state literacy rate of 67.35%.{{Sfn|CPO|2022|p=IX}} As of 2019-20, the district has 1975 primary schools, 391 upper primary schools, 553 high schools, 128 junior colleges, 59 degree colleges, and 82 professional and postgraduate colleges.{{Sfn|CPO|2022|p=VI}}

[[Rishi Valley School]] founded by [[Jiddu Krishnamurti]] which developed the popular multi-grade teaching methodology and [[Besant Theosophical College]] founded by [[Annie Besant]] are some of the famous educational institutions in [[Madanapalle]].

The district has several institutions for engineering, such as Annamacharya Institute of Technology & Sciences (AITS)<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.aitsrajampet.ac.in|title=Annamacharya Institute of Technology & Sciences - Rajampet|website=www.aitsrajampet.ac.in}}</ref> Narayanadri Institute of Science and Technology (NIST)<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://nistrajampet.ac.in/index.php |title= NIST Home page |access-date=22 Apr 2023 |publisher=NIST, Rajampet}}</ref> Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science (MITS), Sri Sai Institute of Science (SSITS)

==Tourism==
[[File:Sri_Parasurameshwara_Temple,_Attirala.jpg|right|thumb|Sri Parasurameshwara temple, [[Attirala]]]]
[[File:The Temple of Sri Soumyanatha Swamy Nandalur Kadapa AP INDIA.jpg|right|thumb|Sri Soumyanatha Swamy temple, [[Nandalur]]]]
The prominent religious places in the district are the Sri Parasurameshwara temple in [[Attirala]] and Sowmyanadha Swamy temple in [[Nandalur]].{{Sfn|CPO|2022|p=VII}} [[Horsley Hills]] is a major hill station in the region.

=== Volcanogenic bedded Barytes ===
[[Volcano]]genic bedded Barytes located at Mangampet in the [[Obulavaripalle mandal]] have been declared a geo-heritage site by the [[Geological Survey of India]] (GSI) for their protection, maintenance, promotion, and enhancement of [[geotourism]].<ref name="gsi1">{{Cite web |url=http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/portal/page?_pageid=127,529542&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL |title=National Geological Monument, from Geological Survey of India website |access-date=21 January 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170712055947/http://www.portal.gsi.gov.in/portal/page?_pageid=127,529542&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL |archive-date=12 July 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="gsi2">{{Cite web|url=http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=137573|title=Geo-Heritage Sites|date=2016-03-09|website=pib.nic.in|publisher=[[Press Information Bureau]]|access-date=2018-09-15|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035501/http://pib.nic.in/newsite/PrintRelease.aspx?relid=137573|archive-date=2017-12-01}}</ref><ref name="gsi3">{{Cite book|url=http://naturalheritage.intach.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Geoheritage-Monograph.pdf |title=National geo-heritage of India |publisher=[[Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage|INTACH]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170111120428/http://naturalheritage.intach.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/09/Geoheritage-Monograph.pdf |archive-date=11 January 2017 }}</ref>

== Notable people ==

1.[[Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy]], former Chief Ministeer United Andhra Pradesh

2.[[Kiran Abbavaram]], Tollywood actor

3.[[Harishankar Reddy]], played for [[Chennai Super Kings|CSK]] in the [[Indian Premier League|IPL]]

4.[[Bindu Madhavi]], Tamil actress

5.[[Jiddu Krishnamurthy]], Indian philosopher

6.[[Gadikota Srikanth Reddy]], Indian politician

== References ==
{{reflist}}

===Books===
{{Cite book |url=https://cdn.s3waas.gov.in/s31be3bc32e6564055d5ca3e5a354acbef/uploads/2022/04/2022042050.pdf|title=District Hand Book of Statistics – 2020 Annamayya district|year=2022|author=CPO}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links| wikt=no | commons=Category:Annamayya district | b=no | n=no | q=no | s=no | v=no | voy=no | species=no | d=Q110714854}}

*[https://overpass-turbo.eu/map.html?Q=%2F*%0AShow%20Mandals%20with%20English%20labels%20for%20Andhra%20Pradesh%0A*%2F%0A%5Bout%3Ajson%5D%5Btimeout%3A25%5D%3B%0Aarea%5Bname%3D%22Andhra%20Pradesh%22%5D-%3E.b%3B%0Arel(area.b)%5Bname%3D%22Annamayya%22%5D%3B%0Amap_to_area%20-%3E%20.searchArea%3B%0A(%0A%20%20relation%5B%22admin_level%22%3D%226%22%5D(area.searchArea)%3B%0A)%3B%0A%2F%2F%20print%20results%0Aout%20body%20geom%3B%0A%0A%0A%0A%0A%0A%7B%7Bstyle%3A%20%0A%20%20node%2Cway%2Crelation%20%7B%0A%20%20%20%20text%3Aeval(%27tag(%22name%22)%27)%3B%0A%7D%0A%20%7D%7D Mandals of Annamayya district - OSM interactive map]

{{Annamayya district}}{{Andhra Pradesh}}

[[Category:Districts of Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:2022 establishments in Andhra Pradesh]]
[[Category:Annamayya district]]