View source for Amsterdam Airport Schiphol

{{redirect|Schiphol|the railway station|Schiphol railway station}}
{{refimprove|date=February 2009}}
{{Infobox Airport
| name         = Amsterdam Airport Schiphol
| nativename   = Luchthaven Schiphol
| image        = Schiphol Logo.png
| image-width  = 250px
| caption      =
| image2       = Schiphol-plaza-ns.jpg
| caption2     = Schiphol's entrance
| image2-width = 
| IATA         = AMS
| ICAO         = EHAM
| type         = Public
| owner        = [[Schiphol Group]]
| operator     =
| city-served  = [[Amsterdam]], [[Netherlands]]
| location     = [[Haarlemmermeer]]
| hub          = <div>
*[[Arkefly]]
*[[KLM]]
*[[Martinair]]
*[[Northwest Airlines]]
*[[Transavia.com]]
</div>
| elevation-f = -11
| elevation-m = -3
| coordinates = {{coord|52|18|29|N|004|45|51|E|type:airport_region:NL|display=inline,title}}
| website     = [http://www.schiphol.nl/ Schiphol.nl] (Dutch)<br/>{{nowrap|[http://www.schiphol.com/ Schiphol.com] (English)}}
| metric-rwy  = y
| r1-number   = 18R/36L
| r1-length-m = {{formatnum:3800}}
| r1-length-f = {{formatnum:12467}}
| r1-surface  = [[Asphalt]]
| r2-number   = 06/24
| r2-length-m = {{formatnum:3500}}
| r2-length-f = {{formatnum:11483}}
| r2-surface  = Asphalt
| r3-number   = 09/27
| r3-length-m = {{formatnum:3453}}
| r3-length-f = {{formatnum:11329}}
| r3-surface  = Asphalt
| r4-number   = 18L/36R
| r4-length-m = {{formatnum:3400}}
| r4-length-f = {{formatnum:11155}}
| r4-surface  = Asphalt
| r5-number   = 18C/36C
| r5-length-m = {{formatnum:3300}}
| r5-length-f = {{formatnum:10826}}
| r5-surface  = Asphalt
| r6-number   = 04/22
| r6-length-m = {{formatnum:2014}}
| r6-length-f = {{formatnum:6608}}
| r6-surface  = Asphalt
| footnotes   = Sources: Airport website<ref>[http://www.schiphol.nl/ Amsterdam Airport Schiphol] (official site)</ref> and [[Aeronautical Information Publication|AIP]]<ref name="AIP">{{AIP_NL|EHAM|name=Amsterdam / Schiphol}}</ref>
}}

'''Amsterdam Airport Schiphol''' {{Airport codes|AMS|EHAM}} is the [[Netherlands]]' main [[airport]], located 20 minutes ({{convert|4.9|NM|abbr=on|lk=in}}<ref name="AIP"/>) southwest of [[Amsterdam]], in the [[municipality]] of [[Haarlemmermeer]]. The airport's official English name, Amsterdam Airport Schiphol, places the words in the Dutch order (''Luchthaven Schiphol'') instead of Amsterdam Schiphol Airport. The airport used to have the [[IATA]] code of SPL, which has fallen into disuse and has been replaced by AMS.

==Description==
[[Image:KLM Aircraft at Schiphol.jpg|thumb|left|KLM and NWA fleet at Schiphol]]
Schiphol is an important [[Europe]]an airport, ranking as Europe’s 3rd largest and the world’s 14th largest for cargo tonnage. It also ranks as the world’s 3rd largest by international passenger traffic as well as Europe’s 5th and the [[World's busiest airports by passenger traffic|world’s 14th busiest]] by overall passenger volume. Additionally, Schiphol ranks as Europe’s 5th and the world’s 17th busiest airport by number of flights, handling 446,569 traffic movements in 2008, a 1.7% drop on 2007.
Schiphol's main competitors as [[World's busiest airports by passenger traffic|in passenger]] and [[World's busiest airports by cargo traffic|cargo throughput]] with [[London Heathrow Airport]] in the [[United Kingdom]], [[Frankfurt Airport]] in [[Germany]], [[Paris-Charles de Gaulle Airport]] in [[France]] and [[Madrid Barajas Airport]] in [[Spain]]. In 2007, Schiphol handled 47,430,019 passengers in 2008, a 0.8% down on 2007, ranking it fifth in Europe behind London, Paris, Frankfurt and Madrid. There are 188 loading slots in the whole airport.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.aci.aero/cda/aci_common/display/main/aci_content07_c.jsp?zn=aci&cp=1-5-54-55_666_2__
|title=Passenger Traffic 2006 Final
|publisher=Airports Council International
|date=2007-07-18
}}</ref> About 68% of the passenger flights were to Europe, almost 21% of its passengers travelled on intercontinental flights and 11% to Asia; cargo was mainly headed to Asia (44%) and North America (20%).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.schipholgroup.com/web/file?uuid=5c2b30e7-a78e-474a-857c-580a7b01cf41&owner=ce03cf16-bea6-4c18-9a9e-ed754692d123&langid=42|title=Annual report Schiphol Group 2007|publisher=Schipholgroup|date=2007}}</ref>
In the same year, Schiphol handled 1,602,585 tons of cargo in 2008, a 3% downturn on 2007, ranking it third in Europe behind Paris and Frankfurt.<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.aci.aero/cda/aci_common/display/main/aci_content07_c.jsp?zn=aci&cp=1-5-54-4819_666_2__
|title=Cargo Traffic 2006 Final|publisher=Airports Council International|date=2007-07-18}}</ref> In 2005 direct flights were operated to more than 260 destinations in 91 countries. The airport is one out of four airports in the world to have a rating of four stars in [[Skytrax]]'s grading system.<ref>{{cite web|title = Airport Star Ranking - 4 Star Airports|publisher = Skytrax|date= 2009|url = http://www.airlinequality.com/AirportRanking/4-Star.htm|accessdate = 2009-03-17}}</ref>

Schiphol has five main [[runway]]s, plus one used mainly by [[general aviation]] aircraft. The latest of these, the Polderbaan (nicknamed the "fifth runway", although it is the sixth if the small runway is included) was completed in 2003. It is called Polderbaan after the Dutch activity of "Polderen", which means endlessly negotiating and seeking compromise (the airport was supposed to be moved to Flevoland or a manmade island in the sea completely). The northern end of the Polderbaan is 7&nbsp;km north of the control tower, causing lengthy taxi times (up to 20 min) to the terminal.<ref>[http://www.airport-technology.com/projects/schiphol/schiphol2.html Airport Technology]</ref>  Plans have been made for a seventh runway.

The airport is built as one large terminal, split into three large departure halls, which converge again once airside. The most recent of these was completed in 1994, and expanded in 2007 with a new part, named Terminal 4, although this part is not recognised as a separate building. Plans for further terminal expansion exist, including the construction of a separate new terminal between the Zwanenburgbaan and Polderbaan runways that would end the one-terminal concept.

Because of intense traffic and high landing fees, some [[low cost carrier]]s decided to move their flights to smaller airports, such as [[Rotterdam Airport|Rotterdam]] and [[Eindhoven Airport|Eindhoven]]. Many low cost carriers (like [[easyJet]] or [[Bmibaby]]) continue to operate from Schiphol, using the low-cost H-pier.

Schiphol is the home base of [[KLM]] (Royal Dutch Airlines), [[Arkefly]], [[Martinair]], [[Amsterdam Airlines]] and [[Transavia.com]], and a hub for [[Northwest Airlines]] in cooperation with KLM.

The Schiphol [[Air traffic control tower]], with a height of {{convert|101|m|ft}}, was the tallest in the world when constructed in 1991. Schiphol is geographically the world's lowest major commercial airport. The entire airport is below sea level; the lowest point sits at {{convert|11|ft|m}} below sea level (or {{convert|4.5|ft|m}} below the Dutch [[Normaal Amsterdams Peil]] (NAP)); the runways are around {{convert|3|m|ft}} below NAP.<ref>[http://www.holland.com/water/nl/index.html?page=http://www.holland.com/water/nl/bouwen/nap/wnapfeit.html Tourist Information on buildings and water managment]</ref><ref>[http://www.ahn.nl/ Algemeen Hoogtebestand Nederlands, official elevation map by the Ministry of Water and Transport]</ref>

The Dutch [[Reality television|reality TV programme]] [[Hello Goodbye (TV series)|Hello Goodbye]] produced by broadcaster [[NCRV]] is filmed at the airport.

==Infrastructure==
[[Image:Schiphol-overview.png|thumb|Map showing the six runways of Schiphol.]]
[[File:Rijks Museum, Schipol Airport, Amsterdam.jpg|thumb|left|Entrance to the airport's Rijksmuseum]]
[[Image:Delta A330.jpg|thumb|right|A Northwest Airlines [[Airbus A330-300]] painted in Delta livery as a result of the merger]]
Schiphol has large [[shopping mall|shopping areas]] as a source of revenue and as an additional attraction for passengers. Schiphol Plaza is the shopping centre before customs, hence it is used by air travelers and non-traveling visitors.

The [[Rijksmuseum Amsterdam|Rijksmuseum]] operates an annex at the airport, offering a small overview of both classical and contemporary art.<ref>[http://www.rijksmuseum.nl/tentoonstellingen/schiphol?lang=en Rijksmuseum Amsterdam Schiphol]</ref> Admission to the exhibits is free. 

Schiphol has its own [[mortuary]], where the dead can be handled and kept before departure or after arrival. Since October 2006, people can also get married at Schiphol and go straight on honeymoon.<ref>[http://www.usatoday.com/travel/columnist/baskas/2008-06-10-airport-weddings_N.htm Will you marry me at the airport?]</ref>

For aviation enthusiasts, Amsterdam Airport Schiphol has a large rooftop viewing area, called the Panoramaterras. It is not accessible to connecting passengers. Enthusiasts and the public can enter, free of charge, from the airport's landside. Besides the Panoramaterras, Schiphol has other spotting sites, especially along the newest Polderbaan runway and at the [[McDonald's]] restaurant at the north side of the airport.

The wayfinding signage at Schiphol was designed in 1991 by [[Paul Mijksenaar]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.mijksenaar.com/projects-quicktour/16-amsterdam_airport_schiphol.html |title="Amsterdam Airport Schipol" |date=2009-05-18}}</ref>

==History==
{{refimprove|date=February 2009}}
[[File:Schiphol verkeerstoren.jpg|thumb|The [[air traffic control tower]] at Schiphol in 1960]]

Schiphol opened on 16 September 1916 as a military airbase, consisting of a few barracks and a field serving as both platform and runways. When civil aircraft started to make use of the field (17 December 1920), it was often called ''Schiphol-les-bains''. The [[Fokker]] aircraft manufacturer started a factory near Schiphol airport in 1951.{{citation needed|date=February 2009}}

Schiphol's name is derived from a former fortification named ''Fort Schiphol'' which was part of the [[Stelling van Amsterdam]] defence works.<ref>{{nl}} [http://www.stelling-amsterdam.org/forten/schiphol/info.htm#FOTO Stelling van Amsterdam - Fort van het Schiphol]</ref> Before 1852, the [[Haarlemmermeer]] [[polder]] in which the airport lies was a large lake, in the shallow waters of which sudden violent storms could claim many ships. This was the main reason for reclaiming it. In English, Schiphol translates to 'Ship Hole', a reference to the number of ships lost in the area.

==Terminal==
[[Image:Schiphol.jpg|thumb|right|Inside the terminal]]
[[File:Schiphol 2006.jpg|thumb|right|Shopping area]]
===Layout===
Schiphol uses a ''one terminal'' concept, where all facilities are located under a single roof, fanning off the central 'plaza'. The areas, though, are divided into three sections or halls: 1, 2 and 3. To all of these halls, piers or concourses are connected. However, it is possible, on both sides of security or customs, to walk from one pier to another, even if they are connected to different halls. The exception to this is the low-cost pier M: once airside (i.e. past security), passengers cannot go to any of the other halls or piers. Immigration control separates [[Schengen Agreement|Schengen]] from non-Schengen areas.
Schiphol Airport has approximately 165 boarding gates available.

;Departure Hall 1
*Consists of Piers B and C - both of which are dedicated Schengen areas. 
;Departure Hall 2
*Consists of Piers D and E.
**Pier D has two floor levels. The lower floor is used for non-Schengen flights, the upper floor is used for Schengen flights. By using stairs, the same jetways are used to access the aircraft. Schengen gates are numbered D-60 and up, non-Schengen gates are numbered from D-1 to D-59.
**Pier E is s dedicated non-Schengen area.
;Departure Hall 3
*Consists of F, G, H and M.
**Piers F, G and H are non-Schengen areas; of these, Piers H and M are the low-cost piers.
**Pier M is a dedicated Schengen area.

''NOTE: The airlines and destinations listed are not definite since very few airlines have a dedicated pier or gates; the piers listed below are based on regularity.''

===Airlines and destinations===
[[Image:SchipolA.jpg|right|thumb|right|Schiphol Airport's observation deck]]
[[Image:Towers Schiphol small.jpg|right|thumb|upright|[[Air Traffic Control]] Towers (ATCTs) at Schiphol Airport]]
{{Airport-dest-list
| 3rdcoltitle = Pier
|[[Adria Airways]]|Ljubljana |F
|[[Aer Lingus]]|Cork, Dublin |D
|[[Aeroflot]]|Moscow-Sheremetyevo |D
|[[Afriqiyah Airways]]|Tripoli |G
|[[Air Arabia Maroc]]|Casablanca |G
|[[Air Astana]]|Atyrau, Uralsk |D
|[[Air Berlin]]|Palma de Mallorca [seasonal] |M
|[[Air France]]|Lyon, Paris-Charles de Gaulle |C
|Air France operated by [[CityJet]]|Basel/Mulhouse |C
|Air France operated by [[Régional Compagnie Aérienne Européenne|Régional]]|Clermont-Ferrand, Lyon, Nantes, Strasbourg |C
|[[Air Malta]]|Malta |C
|[[Air Transat]]|Calgary, Toronto-Pearson, Vancouver |G
|[[AirBaltic]]|Riga |D
|[[Alitalia]]|Milan-Linate, Rome-Fiumicino, Turin [begins 16 December] |B
|[[Arkefly]]|Antalya, Aruba, Banjul, Bonaire, Cancun, Curaçao, Fortaleza, Hurghada, Luxor, Kathmandu, Monastir, Montego Bay, Natal, Holguin, Porlamar, Puerto Plata, Punta Cana, St Maarten, Sharm el-Sheikh, Varadero |D, G
|[[Armavia]]|Yerevan |D
|[[Atlas Blue]]|Al Hoceima, Nador, Oujda, Tangier |D, G
|[[Austrian Airlines]]|Vienna |B
|[[Belavia]]|Minsk |D
|[[BMI (airline)|BMI]]|London-Heathrow |D
|[[Bmibaby]]|Birmingham, East Midlands, Manchester |H
|[[British Airways]]|London-Gatwick, London-Heathrow |D
|British Airways operated by [[BA CityFlyer]]|London-City |D
|[[Bulgaria Air]]|Sofia |D
|[[Cathay Pacific]]|Hong Kong |E
|[[China Airlines]]|Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Taipei-Taoyuan |F
|[[China Southern Airlines]]|Beijing-Capital, Guangzhou |E
|[[Continental Airlines]]|Houston-Intercontinental, Newark |G
|[[Croatia Airlines]]|Dubrovnik, Pula, Split, Zagreb |D
|[[Cyprus Airways]]|Larnaca, Paphos |D
|[[Czech Airlines]]|Prague |D
|[[Delta Air Lines]]|Atlanta [seasonal], New York–JFK, Newark, Portland (OR), Seattle/Tacoma [begins 2 June; seasonal]<ref>http://news.delta.com/index.php?DB=mr4enh_delta&s=11</ref> |E, F, G
|[[EasyJet]]|Belfast-International, Bristol, Edinburgh, Liverpool, London-Gatwick, London-Luton, London-Stansted, Madrid, Milan-Malpensa, Rome-Fiumicino |H, M
|EasyJet operated by [[EasyJet Switzerland]]|Basel/Mulhouse, Geneva |M
|[[EgyptAir]]|Cairo |G
|[[El Al]]|Tel Aviv |G
|[[Estonian Air]]|Tallinn |D
|[[EVA Air]]|Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Taipei-Taoyuan |E
|[[Finnair]]|Helsinki |B
|[[Flybe]]|Exeter, Southampton |H
|[[Garuda Indonesia]]|Dubai, Jakarta Soekarno-Hatta
|[[Georgian Airways]]|Tbilisi |F
|[[Iberia Airlines|Iberia]]|Madrid |B
|[[Icelandair]]|Reykjavik-Keflavík |B
|[[Iran Air]]|Tehran-Imam Khomeini |G
|[[Israir]]|Tel Aviv |G
|[[Japan Airlines]]|Tokyo-Narita |E
|[[Jat Airways]]|Belgrade |D
|[[Jet2.com]]|Leeds/Bradford |H
|[[Kenya Airways]]|Nairobi |F
|[[KLM]]|Aberdeen, Abu Dhabi, Abuja, Accra, Addis Ababa, Almaty, Athens, Atlanta, Bahrain, Bangkok-Suvarnabhumi, Barcelona, Beijing-Capital, Bergen, Berlin-Tegel, Birmingham, Bonaire, Bucharest-Otopeni, Cairo, Calgary, Cape Town, Chengdu, Chicago-O'Hare, Copenhagen, Curaçao, Dallas/Fort Worth, Damascus, Dammam, Dar es Salaam, Delhi, Denpasar/Bali [begins 6 December], Doha, Dubai, Edinburgh, Entebbe, Geneva, Glasgow-International, Gothenburg-Landvetter, Guayaquil, Helsinki, Hong Kong, Houston-Intercontinental, Istanbul-Atatürk, Jakarta-Soekarno-Hatta, Johannesburg, Kano, Khartoum, Kiev-Boryspil, Kilimanjaro, Kuala Lumpur, Kuwait, Lagos, Lima, Lisbon, London-Heathrow, Los Angeles, Madrid, Manchester, Manila, Mexico City, Milan-Linate, Milan-Malpensa, Montréal-Trudeau, Moscow-Sheremetyevo, Munich, Muscat, Nairobi, New York–JFK, Nice, Osaka-Kansai, Oslo-Gardermoen, Panama City, Paramaribo, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Quito, Rome-Fiumicino, San Francisco, São Paulo-Guarulhos, Seoul-Incheon, Shanghai-Pudong, Singapore, St Maarten, St Petersburg, Stockholm-Arlanda, Taipei-Taoyuan, Tehran-Imam Khomeini, Tehran-Imam Khomeini, Tel Aviv, Thessaloniki, Tokyo-Narita, Toronto-Pearson, Tripoli, Vancouver, Vienna, Warsaw, Washington-Dulles, Zürich |B, C, D, E, F
|KLM operated by [[KLM Cityhopper]]|Aberdeen, Bergen, Berlin-Tegel, Billund, Birmingham, Bologna, Bordeaux, Bremen, Bristol, Brussels, Cardiff, Cologne/Bonn, Durham-Tees Valley, Düsseldorf, Edinburgh, Frankfurt, Geneva, Glasgow-International, Gothenburg-Landvetter, Hamburg, Hanover, Humberside, Kristiansand, Leeds/Bradford, Linköping, Liverpool, London-Heathrow, Luxembourg, Manchester, Marseilles, Munich, Newcastle, Nice, Norwich, Nuremberg, Oslo-Gardermoen, Oslo-Sandefjord, Prague, Stavanger, Stuttgart, Toulouse, Trondheim, Venice-Marco Polo, Vienna, Zürich |B, C, D, E, F
|KLM operated by [[PrivatAir]]|Houston-Intercontinental |E
|[[Korean Air]]|Madrid, Seoul-Incheon |G
|[[LOT Polish Airlines]]|Warsaw |C
|[[Lufthansa]]|Frankfurt |B
|[[Lufthansa Regional]] operated by [[Lufthansa CityLine]]|Hamburg, Munich |B
|[[Malaysia Airlines]]|Kuala Lumpur |F
|[[Malév Hungarian Airlines]]|Budapest |D
|[[Martinair]]|Aruba, Cancun, Curaçao, Havana, Mombasa, Orlando, Puerto Plata, Punta Cana, San José de Costa Rica, San Juan de Puerto Rico, Varadero |G
|[[MCA Airlines]]|Erbil |G
|[[Meridiana]]|Florence |C
|[[Northwest Airlines]]|Atlanta [seasonal], Boston, Detroit, Memphis, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Mumbai, Seattle/Tacoma |E, F, G
|[[Norwegian Air Shuttle]]|Copenhagen, Oslo-Gardermoen |M
|[[Olympic Air]]|Athens |B
|[[Onur Air]]|Ankara, Antalya, Bodrum, Dalaman, Istanbul-Atatürk, Izmir |G
|[[Pakistan International Airlines]]|Islamabad, Istanbul-Atatürk |G
|[[Pegasus Airlines]]|Antalya, İstanbul-Sabiha Gökçen, Kayseri |G
|Pegasus operated by [[IZair]]|Izmir |G
|[[Rossiya (airline)|Rossiya]]|St Petersburg |D
|[[Royal Air Maroc]]|Casablanca, Nador, Tangier |D, G
|[[Royal Jordanian]]|Amman |F
|[[Scandinavian Airlines]]|Copenhagen, Oslo-Gardermoen, Stockholm-Arlanda |B
|[[Singapore Airlines]]|Singapore |E
|[[Sky Airlines]]|Antalya |H
|[[Sun d'Or International Airlines]]|Tel Aviv |G
|[[SunExpress]]|Antalya, İzmir, İstanbul-Sabiha Gökçen |G
|[[Surinam Airways]]|Paramaribo |G
|[[Swiss International Airlines]]|Zürich |G
|Swiss operated by [[Swiss European Air Lines]]|Basel/Mulhouse, Zürich |G
|[[Syrian Air]]|Damascus |F
|[[TACV]]|Sal |D
|[[TAP Portugal]]|Lisbon, Porto [seasonal] |B
|TAP operated by [[Portugalia]]|Porto [seasonal] |B
|[[TAROM]]|Bucharest-Otopeni |D
|[[Transavia.com]]|Agadir, Alicante, Antalya, Banjul, Barcelona, Bergerac, Berlin-Tegel, Bodrum, Corfu, Dalaman, Djerba, Dubrovnik, Faro, Fuerteventura, Funchal, Heraklion, İzmir, Kefalonia, Kithira, Kos, La Palma, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Lesbos, Lisbon, Malaga, Marrakech, Montpellier, Nice, Pau, Pisa, Preveza/Lefkas, Rovaniemi [seasonal], Olbia, Tenerife-South, Valencia, Venice-Treviso, Zakynthos |B, C, D, G
|[[Tunisair]]|Tunis |G
|[[Turkish Airlines]]|Ankara, Istanbul-Atatürk, Istanbul-Sabiha Gökçen [begins 10 November], Kayseri [seasonal] |G
|[[Ukraine International Airlines]]|Kiev-Boryspil |D
|[[United Airlines]]|Chicago-O'Hare, Washington-Dulles |G
|[[US Airways]]|Philadelphia |G
|[[VLM Airlines]]|London-City |C
|[[Vueling Airlines]]|Barcelona|B
|[[Windjet]]|Fòrli |M
}}

===Cargo airlines===
*[[Atlas Air]]
*[[Cargolux]]
*[[Cathay Pacific|Cathay Pacific Cargo]]
*[[China Airlines Cargo]]
*[[China Southern Cargo]]
*[[DHL]]
*[[El Al Israel Airlines|El Al Cargo Airlines]]
*[[Emirates SkyCargo]]
*[[Empost]]
*[[Gemini Air Cargo]]
*[[Great Wall Airlines]]
*[[Jade Cargo International|Jade Cargo]]
*[[Japan Airlines|JAL Cargo]]
*[[Kalitta Air]]
*[[KLM Cargo]]
*[[Martinair Cargo]]
*[[MASKargo]]
*[[Nippon Cargo Airlines]]
*[[Northwest Airlines|Northwest Cargo]]
*[[Polar Air Cargo]]
*[[Qatar Airways|Qatar Airways Cargo]]
*[[Singapore Airlines Cargo]]
*[[TNT Airways|TNT Air Cargo]]
*[[Tristar Air]]
*[[Volga-Dnepr]] (including subsidiary [[AirBridgeCargo Airlines]])

===Other users===
*[[Royal Netherlands Air Force|Dutch Coast Guard]] (aircraft operated by the [[Royal Netherlands Air Force]])
*[[Dienst Luchtvaart Politie]]
*[[Dutch Dakota Association]]

==Transport==
===Rail===
[[File:Schipholspoortunnel1992.jpeg|thumb|The construction of the tunnel and railway station in 1992]]

{{main|Schiphol railway station}}
The [[Nederlandse Spoorwegen]] (NS), the national Dutch train operator, has a major passenger [[train station]] directly underneath the passenger terminal complex and offers the most convenient and cheap transportation into [[Amsterdam]], [[Utrecht (city)|Utrecht]], [[The Hague]] or other cities. Besides [[intercity]] connections to [[Amsterdam Centraal railway station|Amsterdam Centraal]], [[Utrecht Centraal railway station|Utrecht]], both [[Den Haag Centraal railway station|The Hague Centraal]] and [[Den Haag Hollands Spoor railway station|The Hague HS]], [[Rotterdam Centraal railway station|Rotterdam]] and [[Eindhoven railway station|Eindhoven]], this station is a stop for the international high-speed train [[Thalys]], connecting the airport with a direct train connection to [[Antwerp]], [[Brussels]] and [[Paris]]. [[Deutsche Bahn]] operates an [[InterCity]] train service from Schiphol airport to [[Berlin]] six times a day, running more or less every two hours. It runs via [[Amsterdam Zuid railway station|Amsterdam Zuid]], [[Amersfoort railway station|Amersfoort]], [[Bad Bentheim]], [[Osnabrück]] and [[Hannover]], taking about 6.5 hours from Schiphol to Berlin.

===Bus===
Buses serving Schiphol include the no. 300 "[[Zuidtangent]]" (South [[Tangent]]), which as its name implies describes a gentle curve linking [[Haarlem]] to the west and the [[Bijlmer]] to the north, mostly using a dedicated [[busway]]. A busway alongside the A4 motorway allows services from Amsterdam, for instance [[Connexxion]] routes to [[Alphen aan den Rijn]], also to avoid traffic jams.

==Accidents and incidents==
[[File:Bijlmerramp2 without link.jpg|thumb|The crash site of [[El Al Flight 1862]] in 1992]]
[[File:Crash Turkish Airlines TK 1951 complete site.jpg|thumb|The crash site of [[Turkish Airlines Flight 1951]] on 25 February 2009]]
*14 November 1946 - A [[C-47 Skytrain|Douglas C-47]] operated by KLM from London approached Schiphol during bad weather conditions. The first two attempts to land failed. During the third attempt, the pilot realized that the airplane wasn't lined up properly with the runway. A sharp left turn was made at low speed, causing the left wing to hit the ground. The airplane crashed and caught fire, killing all 26 people on board, including the plane's crew of five.
*7 June 1986 - [[Surinam Airways Flight 764]], a [[Douglas DC-8]] that originated from [[Amsterdam]], crashed whilst on approach into [[Johan Adolf Pengel International Airport]], [[Paramaribo]], [[Suriname]], killing 176 of the 178 and 9 crew onboard. The cause of the accident was [[pilot error]].
*4 October 1992 - [[El Al Flight 1862]], a [[Boeing 747]] cargo airplane heading to [[Tel Aviv]], suffered physical engine separation of both right-wing engines (#3 and #4) just after taking off from Schiphol and crashed into an apartment building in the [[Bijlmer]] neighbourhood of Amsterdam while attempting to return to the airport. A total of 47 people were killed, including the plane's crew of three and a "non revenue passenger". Several others were injured. 
*4 April 1994 - [[KLM Cityhopper Flight 433‎|Flight KL433]] to [[Cardiff]], a [[Saab 340]] operated by [[KLM Cityhopper]], returned to Schiphol after setting the number two engine to flight idle because the crew mistakenly believed that the engine suffered from low oil pressure because of a faulty warning light. On final approach at a height of {{convert|90|ft|m}}, the captain decided to [[go-around]] and gave full throttle on only the number one engine leaving the other in flight idle. The airplane rolled to the right, pitched up, stalled and hit the ground at 80 degrees bank. Of the twenty-four people on board, three were killed including the captain. Nine others were seriously injured.
*27 October 2005 - A fire broke out at the airport's detention center, killing 11 people and injuring 15. The complex was holding 350 people at the time of the incident. Results from the investigation almost one year later showed that fire safety precautions were not in force. A national outrage resulted in the resignation of Justice Minister [[Piet Hein Donner|Donner]] ([[Christen Democratisch Appèl|CDA]]) and Mayor Hartog of Haarlemmermeer. Spatial Planning Minister [[Sybilla Dekker|Dekker]] ([[VVD]]) resigned as well, because she bore responsibility for the construction, safety, and maintenance of state-owned buildings.
*25 February 2009 - [[Turkish Airlines Flight 1951]], a [[Boeing 737|Boeing 737-800]] from Istanbul crashed on approach to the airport's Polderbaan, just 1&nbsp;km short of the runway. The plane carried 128 passengers and 7 crew on board. 9 people were killed and a further 86 were injured, including six with serious injuries. An initial report from the [[Dutch Safety Board]] revealed that the left [[radio altimeter]] had failed to provide the correct height above the ground and suddenly reported -8 feet. As a cause of this the [[autothrottle]] system closed the thrust levers to idle, as it is programmed to reduce thrust when below 27 feet radio altitude. This eventually resulted in a dropping airspeed which was not acted upon until it was too late to recover and the aircraft [[Stall (flight)|stalled]] and crashed in a field.

==Airport Schiphol in popular culture==
In the 1983 book ''[[Floodgate (novel)|Floodgate]]'' by [[Alistair MacLean]], Schiphol is subjected to a [[terrorist attack]], in which the entire airport is flooded after a [[bombing]] of the surrounding [[dike]]s.

Schiphol is also seen in the 2004 Bollywood movie ''[[Hum Tum]]'' by [[Kunal Kohli]].

==References==
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{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
{{refbegin}}
* Heuvel, Coen van den. Schiphol, een Wereldluchthaven in Beeld, Holkema & Warendorf, 1992, 978-9-0269-6271-4{{refend}}

==External links==
{{commons|Schiphol}}
*[http://www.schiphol.nl/ Amsterdam Airport Schiphol] (official site) {{nl}} {{en}}
*[http://www.brandweerschiphol.nl Fire Brigade Amsterdam Airport Schiphol'']
*[http://www1.zdg.nl/overig/Intro_Mort.html Schiphol Mortuary] (Dutch only)
*[http://www.airportrailwaysoftheworld.com/en/apna/schiphol Air Rail connection results for Schiphol Airport from Airport Railways of the World] (English)
*{{NWS-current|EHAM}}
*{{ASN|AMS}}

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[[Category:Airports in the Netherlands]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in North Holland]]
[[Category:Dry areas below sea level]]
[[Category:Transport in Amsterdam]]
[[Category:Haarlemmermeer]]

[[af:Lughawe Schiphol]]
[[ar:مطار سخيبول أمستردام]]
[[bg:Схипхол]]
[[ca:Schiphol]]
[[cs:Schiphol]]
[[da:Amsterdam Schiphol Airport]]
[[de:Flughafen Schiphol]]
[[et:Amsterdami Schipholi lennujaam]]
[[el:Διεθνές Αεροδρόμιο Σκίπχολ]]
[[es:Aeropuerto de Ámsterdam-Schiphol]]
[[eo:Flughaveno Schiphol]]
[[fr:Aéroport d'Amsterdam-Schiphol]]
[[ko:스히폴 국제공항]]
[[id:Bandar Udara Internasional Schiphol]]
[[it:Aeroporto di Amsterdam-Schiphol]]
[[he:נמל התעופה סכיפהול]]
[[sw:Schiphol]]
[[li:Sjiphol]]
[[hu:Schiphol repülőtér]]
[[mk:Аеродром Амстердам]]
[[nl:Luchthaven Schiphol]]
[[ja:スキポール空港]]
[[no:Schiphol lufthavn]]
[[pl:Port lotniczy Amsterdam-Schiphol]]
[[pt:Aeroporto de Amsterdão Schiphol]]
[[ro:Aeroportul Amsterdam Schiphol]]
[[ru:Амстердамский аэропорт Схипхол]]
[[sk:Schiphol]]
[[sr:Аеродром Схипхол]]
[[su:Bandara Internasional Schiphol]]
[[fi:Schipholin kansainvälinen lentoasema]]
[[sv:Amsterdam-Schiphol flygplats]]
[[tr:Amsterdam Havalimanı Schiphol]]
[[uk:Аеропорт Схіпхол]]
[[vi:Sân bay Amsterdam Schiphol]]
[[zh:史基浦機場]]