View source for List of chicken breeds

[[Image:ARS-White Leghorn hen.jpg|thumb|The White [[Leghorn (chicken)|Leghorn]] is the most ubiquitous breed in commercial egg production.]]
There are hundreds of [[chicken]] [[breed]]s in existence.<ref name="Ekarius 2007 23">{{harv|Ekarius|2007|p=23}}</ref>  [[Domesticated]] for thousands of years, distinguishable breeds of chicken have been present since the combined factors of geographical isolation and [[Selective breeding|selection]] for desired characteristics created regional types with distinct physical and behavioral traits passed on to their offspring.<ref>{{harv|Heinrichs|2007|pp=20-21}}</ref> 

The physical traits used to distinguish chicken breeds are size, [[plumage]] color, [[Comb (anatomy)|comb]] type, skin color, number of [[toes]], amount of feathering, [[earlobe]] color, [[Egg (biology)|egg]] color, and place of origin.<ref name="Ekarius 2007 23"/> They are also roughly divided by primary use, whether for eggs, meat, or ornamental purposes, and with some considered to be dual-purpose.<ref name="Ekarius 2007 23"/>

In the 21st century, chickens are frequently bred according to predetermined [[breed standard]]s set down by governing organizations. The most commonly-used of such standards is the ''[[Standard of Perfection]]'' published by the [[American Poultry Association]] (APA), the oldest livestock organization in the [[New World]].<ref name="Ekarius 2007">{{harv|Ekarius|2007}}</ref><ref name="Heinrichs 2007">{{harv|Heinrichs|2007}}</ref> Others include European standards (especially [[United Kingdom|British]] ones), and that of the American Bantam Association, which deals exclusively with [[Bantam (chicken)|bantam]] fowl.<ref name="Heinrichs 2007"/> Only some of the known breeds are included in these publications, and only those breeds are eligible to be [[Livestock show|shown]] competitively. There are additionally a few [[Hybrid (biology)|hybrid]] strains which are common in the poultry world, especially in large poultry farms. These types are first generation crosses of true breeds. Hybrids do not reliably pass on their features to their offspring, but are highly valued for their producing abilities.<ref name="Ekarius 2007 23"/>

__NOTOC__
{| class="toccolours" style="margin:0 auto; width:45em; clear:both;"
!Table of contents
|-
| style="padding:0 2% 0 2%; text-align:center;"| 
'''By place of origin''':
[[#Australia|Australia]] •
[[#Belgium|Belgium]] •
[[#Brazil|Brazil]] •
[[#Bulgaria|Bulgaria]] •
[[#Canada|Canada]] •
[[#Chile|Chile]] •
[[#China|China]] •
[[#Cuba|Cuba]] •
[[#Egypt|Egypt]] •
[[#France|France]] •
[[#Germany|Germany]] •
[[#India|India]] •
[[#Iran|Iran]] •
[[#Italy|Italy]] •
[[#Japan|Japan]] •
[[#Korea|Korea]] •
[[#Malaysia|Malaysia]] •
[[#Netherlands|Netherlands]] •
[[#New Zealand|New Zealand]] •
[[#Norway|Norway]] •
[[#Pakistan|Pakistan]] •
[[#Philippines|Philippines]] •
[[#Portugal|Portugal]] •
[[#Romania|Romania]] •
[[#Russia|Russia]] •
[[#Spain|Spain]] •
[[#Sumatra|Sumatra]] •
[[#Switzerland|Switzerland]] •
[[#Turkey|Turkey]] •
[[#Ukraine|Ukraine]] •
[[#United Kingdom|United Kingdom]] •
[[#United States|United States]] •
[[#Vietnam|Vietnam]]
|-
| style="padding:0 2% 0 2%; text-align:center;"| 
'''By primary use''':
[[#Eggs|Eggs]] •
[[#Meat|Meat]] •
[[#Dual-purpose|Dual-purpose]] •
[[#Exhibition|Exhibition]] 
|-
| style="padding:0 2% 0 2%; text-align:center;"| 
'''Other''':
[[#Bantams|Bantams]] •
[[#Hybrids|Hybrids]]
|-
| style="padding:0 2% 0 2%; text-align:center;"| 
'''[[#See also|See also]]'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''[[#Footnotes|Footnotes]]'''&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;•&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'''[[#References|References]] '''
|}

==By place of origin==
[[Image:Everbergse baardkriel.jpg|thumb|200px|This d'Everberg rooster is one of a profusion of Belgian ornamental bantam chickens]]
===[[Australia]]===
* [[Australorp]]
* [[Australekin]]

===[[Belgium]]===
{|
| style="vertical-align: top;" | <!-- First Column Begins Here -->
* [[Barbu de Watermael]]
* [[Bearded d'Anvers]] (or Antwerp Belgian)
* [[Bearded d'Uccle]]
* [[Belgian d'Everberg]]
| style="vertical-align: top;" | <!-- Second Column Begins Here -->
* [[Campine (chicken)|Campine]]
* [[Brabanter]]
* [[Braekel]] (Brakel)
|}

===[[Brazil]]===
{|
| style="vertical-align: top;" | <!-- First Column Begins Here -->
*[[Balazēo Cealio]]
*[[Brazilian Grey]]
*[[Kalabèo]]
|}

===[[Bulgaria]]===

{|
| style="vertical-align: top;" | <!-- First Column Begins Here -->
* [[Black Shumen chicken]] 

===[[Canada]]===
* [[Chantecler (chicken)|Chantecler]]
* [[Red Shaver]]

===[[Chile]]===
* [[Araucana]]

===[[China]]===
* [[Cochin (chicken)|Cochin]]
* [[Croad Langshan]] [[Image:Ornamental hen444.jpg|thumb|200px|The Silkie is iconic for its unusual fur-like plumage]]
* [[Nankin (chicken)|Nankin]]
* [[Pekin (chicken)|Pekin]]
* [[Silkie]]

===[[Cuba]]===
* [[Cubalaya]]

===[[Egypt]]===
* [[Fayoumi]]

===[[France]]===
{|
| style="vertical-align: top;" | <!-- First Column Begins Here -->
* [[Bresse (chicken)|Bresse]]
* [[Crèvecœur (chicken)|Crèvecœur]]
* [[Faverolles (chicken)|Faverolles]]
| style="vertical-align: top;" | <!-- Second Column Begins Here -->
* [[Houdan (chicken)|Houdan]]
* [[La Flèche (chicken)|La Flèche]]
* [[Marans]]
|}

===[[Germany]]===
* [[Hamburg (chicken)|Hamburg]]
* [[Kraienköppe]] (Twentse)
* [[German Langshan]]
* [[Vorwerk (chicken)|Vorwerk]]
* [[Lakenvelder (chicken)|Lakenvelder]]

===[[India]]===
* [[Asil]] (or Aseel)
* [[Giri Raja]](The ForestKing)
[[Image:Rooster at Scottish poultry show.jpg|thumb|200px|A Minorca rooster]]

===[[Indonesia]]===
* [[Bekisar]] (interspecific hybrid)
* [[Sumatra (chicken)|Sumatra]]
* [[Kedu (chicken)|Kedu]] (nationally standardized)
* [[Nunukan (chicken)|Nunukan]]/Tawao
* [[Pelung (chicken)|Pelung]] (locally standardized)
* [[Bali (chicken)|Bali]]

===[[Iran]]===
* [[Manx Rumpy]] (or Rumpless Game)
* [[Orloff (chicken)|Orloff]] <ref name="Ekarius 2007"/><ref>{{harv|Percy|2006|p=17}}</ref>

===[[Italy]]===
* [[Ancona (chicken)|Ancona]]
* [[Leghorn (chicken)|Leghorn]]
* [[Sicilian Buttercup]]

===[[Japan]]===
* [[Japanese Bantam]] (or Chabo)
* [[Shamo (chicken)|Shamo]] (or Ko-Shamo)
* [[Phoenix (chicken)|Phoenix]]
* [[Tomaru]]
* [[Yokohama (chicken)|Yokohama]]

===[[Korea]]===
*[[Kenhong]]
*[[Teong (chicken)|Teong]]
*[[Hum Jung]]

===[[Malaysia]]===
* [[Malay (chicken)|Malay]]
* [[Serama]]

===[[Marianas]]===
* [[Saipan Jungle Fowl]]

===[[Netherlands]]===
{|
| style="vertical-align: top;" | <!-- First Column Begins Here -->
* [[Barnevelder]]
* [[Booted Bantam]]
* [[Dutch Bantam]]
* [[Hamburg (chicken)|Hamburg]]
| style="vertical-align: top;" | <!-- Second Column Begins Here -->
* [[North Holland Blue]]
* [[Polish (chicken)|Polish]]
* [[Welsummer]]
|} [[Image:BarnevelderTrio.jpg|thumb|A Barnevelder trio]]

===[[New Zealand]]===
*[[Bawu Hawu]]
*[[New Zealand Junglefowl]]
*[[Waki (chicken)|Waki]] Waki Hawa

===[[Norway]]===
* [[Jærhøne]]

===[[Pakistan]]===
*[[Afghan game fowl]]

===[[Philippines]]===
* [[Philippine game fowl]]

===[[Poland]]===
* [[Green-legged Chicken]]

===[[Portugal]]===
* [[Pedrês Portuguesa]]
* [[Amarela]]
* [[Preta Lusitânica]]

===[[Romania]]===
* [[Naked Neck|Transylvanian Naked Neck]]

===[[Russia]]===
* [[Orloff (chicken)|Orloff]]
* [[Yurlov Crower]]

===[[Spain]]===
{|
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
* [[Andalusian (chicken)|Andalusian]]
* [[Asturian Painted Hen]]
* [[Castilian (chicken)|Castilian]]
* [[Catalana]] or Prat Leonada
* [[Empordanesa]]
* [[Euskal oiloa]]
* [[Extremaduran (Chicken)|Extremaduran]]
* [[Flor d'Ametller]]
* [[Ibiza (chicken)|Ibiza]]
* [[Indio de León]]
* [[Majorca (chicken)|Majorca]]
* [[Minorca (chicken)|Minorca]]
* [[Murciana]]
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
* [[Pardo de León]]
* [[Pedresa]]
* [[Penedesenca]]
* [[Pintarrazada]]
* [[Serrana de Teruel]]
* [[Sobrarbe (chicken)|Sobrarbe]]
* [[Spanish game (chicken)|Spanish game]]
* [[Sureña]]
* [[Utrerana]]
* [[White-Faced Black Spanish]]
|}

===[[Switzerland]]===
* [[Appenzeller (chicken)|Appenzeller]] (Barthühner and Spitzhauben)

===[[Turkey]]===
* [[Sultan (chicken)|Sultan]]
*[[Hint Horoz]]

===[[Ukraine]]===
* [[Poltava (chicken)|Poltava]]

===[[United Kingdom]]===
[[Image:Coq orpington fauve.JPG|thumb|The Buff variety of [[Orpington (chicken)|Orpington]], here a rooster, is quite popular breed for smaller flocks.]]
{|
| style="vertical-align: top;" | <!-- First Column Begins Here -->
* [[Derbyshire Redcap]]
* [[Dorking (chicken)|Dorking]]
* [[Indian Game]] (or Cornish)
* [[Ixworth (chicken)|Ixworth]]
* [[Marsh Daisy (chicken)|Marsh Daisy]]
* [[Modern Game]]
* [[Muffed Old English Game]]
* [[Norfolk Grey]]
| style="vertical-align: top;" | <!-- Second Column Begins Here -->
* [[Old English Game]]
* [[Old English Pheasant Fowl]]
* [[Orpington (chicken)|Orpington]]
* [[Rosecomb]]
* [[Scots Dumpy]]
* [[Scots Grey]]
* [[Sebright (chicken)|Sebright]]
* [[Sussex (chicken)|Sussex]]
|}

===[[United States]]===
{|
| style="vertical-align: top;" | <!-- First Column Begins Here -->
* [[Ameraucana]]
* [[American Game (chicken)|American Game]]
* [[Blue Hen of Delaware]]
* [[Brahma (chicken)|Brahma]]
* [[Buckeye (chicken)|Buckeye]]
* [[California Gray]]
* [[Delaware (chicken)|Delaware]]
* [[Dominique (chicken)|Dominique]]
* [[Holland (chicken)|Holland]]
| style="vertical-align: top;" | <!-- Second Column Begins Here -->
* [[Iowa Blue]]
* [[Java (chicken)|Java]]
* [[Jersey Giant]]
* [[Lamona]]
* [[New Hampshire (chicken)|New Hampshire]]
* [[Plymouth Rock (chicken)|Plymouth Rock]] (or Barred Rock, Rock)
* [[Rhode Island Red]]
* [[Rhode Island White]]
* [[Winnebago (chicken)|Winnebago]] 
* [[Wyandotte (chicken)|Wyandotte]]
|}

===[[Vietnam]]===
* [[Ac (Chicken)|Ac]]
* [[Ga Noi]]

==By primary use==
All chickens lay [[Egg (food)|eggs]], have edible [[meat]], and possess a unique appearance. However, distinct breeds are the result of selective breeding to emphasize certain traits. Any breed may technically be used for general [[agricultural]] purposes, and all breeds are shown to some degree. But each chicken breed is known for a primary use.

===Eggs===
[[Image:Whitetufts.jpg|thumb|200px|Araucanas are one of the only breeds to lay blue or green eggs, and can be recognized by their lack of tail and distinctive ear tufts]]
Many breeds were selected and are used primarily for producing [[Egg (food)|eggs]], these are mostly light-weight birds whose hens do not go broody often. 
{|
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
* [[Ameraucana]]
* [[Ancona (chicken)|Ancona]]
* [[Andalusian (chicken)|Andalusian]]
* [[Araucana]]
* [[Asturian Painted Hen]]
* [[Barnevelder]]
* [[Campine (chicken)|Campine]]
* [[Catalana]]
* [[Easter Egger]]
* [[Fayoumi]]
* [[Jærhøne]]
* [[Kraienköppe]] (Twentse)
* [[Lakenvelder (chicken)|Lakenvelder]]
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
* [[Leghorn (chicken)|Leghorn]]  
* [[Marans]] 
* [[Minorca (chicken)|Minorca]]
* [[Orloff (chicken)|Orloff]]
* [[Penedesenca]]
* [[Sicilian Buttercup]]
* [[White-Faced Black Spanish]]
* [[Welsummer]]
|}

===Meat===
Some breeds are preferred for meat alone, though the commercial [[broiler]] market is currently monopolized by the [[Cornish-Rock]] (a hybrid of the Cornish and Plymouth Rock). Many smaller farms and homesteads use dual-purpose breeds for meat production.

* [[Bresse (chicken)|Bresse]]
* [[Indian Game]] (or Cornish Game)
* [[Ixworth (chicken)|Ixworth]]
* [[Jersey Giant]]

===Dual-purpose===
[[Image:Sophia and ZsuZsu walking the property.jpg|thumb|220px|The Barred Plymouth Rock is a very popular dual-purpose breed]]
The generalist breeds used in barnyards the world over are adaptable utility birds good at producing both meat and eggs. Though some may be slightly better for one of these purposes, they are usually called ''dual-purpose'' breeds.

{|
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
* [[Australorp]]
* [[Brahma (chicken)|Brahma]]
* [[Braekel]] (Brakel)
* [[Buckeye (chicken)|Buckeye]]
* [[California Gray]]
* [[Chantecler (chicken)|Chantecler]]
* [[Cubalaya]]
* [[Derbyshire Redcap]]
* [[Dominique (chicken)|Dominique]]
* [[Dorking (chicken)|Dorking]]
* [[Faverolles (chicken)|Faverolles]]
* [[Holland (chicken)|Holland]]
* [[Iowa Blue]]
* [[Java (chicken)|Java]]
* [[Jersey Giant]]
* [[Marsh Daisy (chicken)|Marsh Daisy]]
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
* [[Naked Neck]]
* [[New Hampshire (chicken)|New Hampshire]]
* [[Norfolk Grey]]
* [[Orpington (chicken)|Orpington]]
* [[Plymouth Rock (chicken)|Plymouth Rock]]
* [[Poltava (chicken)|Poltava]]
* [[Red Shaver]]
* [[Rhode Island Red]]
* [[Rhode Island White]]
* [[Scots Dumpy]]
* [[Scots Grey]]
* [[Sussex (chicken)|Sussex]]
* [[Winnebago (chicken)|Winnebago]]
* [[Wyandotte (chicken)|Wyandotte]]
|}

===Exhibition===
Since the 19th century, [[Animal fancy|poultry fancy]], the breeding and [[Livestock show|competitive exhibition]] of [[poultry]] as a hobby, has grown to be a huge influence on chicken breeds. Many breeds have always been kept for ornamental purposes, and others have been shifted from their original use to become first and foremost exhibition fowl, even if they may retain some inherent utility. Since the sport of [[cockfighting]] has been outlawed in the developed world, most breeds first developed for this purpose, called [[Gamecock|game]] fowl, are now seen principally in the show ring rather than the cock pit. 
{| class="toccolours" style="margin:0 auto; width:55em; clear:both;"
!Key
|-
| style="padding:0 2% 0 2%; text-align:center;"| 
|-
| style="padding:0 2% 0 2%; text-align:center;"| 
<sup>U</sup> denotes a breed primarily used for exhibition, but which is still used for utility purposes.
|-
| style="padding:0 2% 0 2%; text-align:center;"| 
<sup>G</sup> denotes a game breed.
|}
[[Image:Modern Game pair.jpg|thumb|220px|Modern Games were developed purely for exhibition]]

{|
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
* [[American Game]] <sup>G</sup>
* [[Asil]] <sup>G</sup>
* [[Appenzeller (chicken)|Appenzeller]] <sup>U</sup>
* [[Barbu de Watermael]]
* [[Bearded d'Anvers]] 
* [[Bearded d'Uccle]] 
* [[Belgian d'Everberg]] 
* [[Blue Hen of Delaware]] <sup>G</sup>
* [[Booted Bantam]] 
* [[Cochin (chicken)|Cochin]]
* [[Crèvecœur (chicken)|Crèvecœur]] <sup>U</sup>
* [[Croad Langshan]] <sup>U</sup>
* [[Dutch Bantam]] 
* [[Frizzle]]
* [[Ga Noi]]<sup>G</sup>
* [[Hamburg (chicken)|Hamburg]] <sup>U</sup>
* [[Houdan]] <sup>U</sup>
* [[Japanese Bantam]] 
* [[La Flèche]] <sup>U</sup>
* [[Malay (chicken)|Malay]] <sup>G</sup>
* [[Modern Game]]
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
* [[Nankin (chicken)|Nankin]] 
* [[Old English Game]] <sup>G</sup>
* [[Pekin (chicken)|Pekin]] 
* [[Phoenix (chicken)|Phoenix]]
* [[Polish (chicken)|Polish]] <sup>U</sup>
* [[Rosecomb]] 
* [[Sebright]] 
* [[Serama]] 
* [[Shamo (chicken)|Shamo]] <sup>G</sup>
* [[Silkie]]
* [[Sultan (chicken)|Sultan]]
* [[Sumatra (chicken)|Sumatra]]
* [[Vorwerk (chicken)|Vorwerk]] <sup>U</sup>
* [[Yokohama (chicken)|Yokohama]]
|}

==Bantams==
[[Image:Golden sebright cockerel.jpg|thumb|Sebrights, such as this Golden cockerel, are among the most popular of bantams]]
Most large chicken breeds have a bantam counterpart, sometimes referred to as a ''miniature''. Miniatures are usually one-fifth to one-quarter the size of the standard breed, but they are expected to exhibit all of the standard breed's characteristics. A ''true bantam'' has no large counterpart, and is naturally small. The true bantams include:
 
{|-
| style="vertical-align: top;" | <!-- First Column Begins Here -->
*[[Belgian Bearded d'Anvers]]
*[[Belgian Bearded d'Uccle]]
*[[Belgian d'Everberg]]
*[[Booted Bantam]]
*[[Dutch Bantam]]
| style="vertical-align: top;" | <!-- Second Column Begins Here -->
* [[Japanese Bantam]]
* [[Nankin (chicken)|Nankin]]
* [[Pekin (chicken)|Pekin]]
* [[Rosecomb]]
* [[Sebright]]
* [[Serama]]
* [[Silkie]]
|}

==Cross-breeds==
''See also [[:Category:Chicken hybrids]]''

Many common strains of [[cross breeding|cross-bred]] chickens exist, but none breed true or are recognized by poultry [[breed standard]]s. Thus, though they are extremely common in flocks focusing on high productivity, cross-breeds do not technically meet the definition of a [[breed]]. Most cross-breed strains are [[sex linked]], allowing for easy [[chick sexing]].

*[[Black Sex Link]] (also called Black Stars)
*[[Red Sex Link]] (also called Red Stars)
*[[ISA Brown]]
*[[Lohmann Brown]]
*[[Daisy Belle]]
*[[Cream Legbar]]
*[[Cornish-Rock]]
*[[Easter Egger]]
*[[Broiler]]

== See also ==
* [[List of birds]]
* [[List of duck breeds]]
* [[List of goose breeds]]
* [[List of turkey breeds]]
* [[Chickens as pets]]

==Footnotes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
* {{cite book |title=American Standard of Perfection |publisher=American Poultry Association |year= |isbn= }}
* {{cite book |title=Storey's Illustrated Guide to Poultry Breeds |last=Ekarius |first=Carol |year=2007 |publisher=Storey Publishing |location=210 MAS MoCA Way, North Adams MA 01247  |isbn=978-1-58017-667-5 }}
* {{cite book |title=Choosing and Keeping Chickens |last=Graham |first=Chris |year=2006 |publisher=Octopus Publishing |location=2-4 Heron Quays London E14 4JP |isbn=9780793806010 }}
* {{cite book |title=How To Raise Chickens |last=Heinrichs |first=Christine |year=2007 |publisher=Voyageur Press |isbn=9780793806010 }}
* {{cite book |title=The Field Guide to Chickens |last=Percy |first=Pam |year=2006 |publisher=Voyageur Press |location=Suite 200, 380 Jackson St, St Paul MN 55101  |isbn=0760324735 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=m2YXUOJEMeIC&dq=field+guide+to+chickens&client=firefox-a&source=gbs_summary_s&cad=0 }}

==External links==
{{Commonscat|Chicken breeds}}
* [http://www.ansi.okstate.edu/poultry/chickens/ List of Chicken Breeds] at the [[University of Oklahoma]] Dept. of Animal Science website
* [http://www.feathersite.com/Poultry/BRKPoultryPage.html#Chickens Chicken Breeds] at feathersite.com
* [http://www.mypetchicken.com/breedQuestions.aspx Chicken Breed Selector Tool] at mypetchicken.com
* [http://www.ithaca.edu/staff/jhenderson/chooks/chooks.html Henderson's Chicken Breed Chart]
* [http://www.backyardchickens.com/breeds/breed-chart Main Breed Chart] at backyardchickens.com

[[Category:Lists of birds|Chickens]]
[[Category:Chicken breeds|*]]
[[Category:Poultry]]
[[Category:Lists of breeds|Chicken]]

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