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[[Image:EchternachDancingProcession.jpg|thumb|right|300px|Dancers in the procession, May 2008]]
The '''dancing procession of Echternach''' is an annual [[Roman Catholic]] dancing procession held at [[Echternach]], in eastern [[Luxembourg]].  Echternach's is the last traditional dancing procession in [[Europe]].

The procession is held every [[Whit Tuesday]]<ref name="luxcoukdancproc">{{cite web |url=http://www.luxembourg.co.uk/dancproc.html |title=The Dancing Procession of Echternach |accessdate=2008-06-10 |publisher=luxembourg.co.uk}}</ref> around the streets of the [[List of cities in Luxembourg|city]] of Echternach.  It honours [[Willibrord]], the [[patron saint]] of Luxembourg, who established the [[Abbey of Echternach]].  Echternach has developed a strong tourism industry centred around the procession, which draws many thousands of tourists and [[pilgrim]]s from around the world. The procession is inscribed in 2010 as ''hopping procession of Echternach'' on the Representative [[UNESCO]] List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity <ref>[http://www.unesco.org/culture/ich/index.php?lg=en&pg=00011&RL=00392 The hopping procession of Echternach]</ref>.

==The procession==

The event <ref name="organisation">[http://www.willibrord.lu/spip.php?article50 Participation, course of the procession and organisation]</ref> begins in the morning at the bridge over the [[Sauer|River Sauer]], with a sermon delivered by the parish priest (formerly by the [[abbot]] of the [[monastery]]). "Willibrordus-Bauverein" officials put together the procession, forming several dozen alternating groups of musicians (/bands) and pilgrims. The procession then moves through the town streets towards the [[basilica]], a distance of about 1.5 kilometres (1 mile). While the musicians (/the bands in the procession) play the "Sprangprozessioùn" tune - a traditional melody, not entirely unlike an Irish jig or reel, that has been handed down through the centuries- the pilgrims, in rows of four or five abreast and holding the ends of white handkerchiefs, "dance" or "jump" from left to right and thus slowly move forward. Seen the numbers of pilgrims attending, it is well after midday before the last of the dancers has reached the church.  A large number of priests, nuns and monks also accompany the procession, and not infrequently there are several [[bishop]]s as well.  On arrival at the church, the dance is continued past the tomb of Saint Willibrord, which stands in the [[crypt]] beneath the [[high altar]].  [[Litany|Litanies]] and prayers in the Saint's honour are recited, and the whole event concludes with a benediction of the sacrament.

In the past, the dancing procession has adopted other forms.  At one stage the pilgrims would take 3 steps forward and 2 steps backwards thus taking five steps in order to advance one, at another stage the pilgrims would repeatedly stop at the sound of the bell donated by [[Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Maximilian]], falling to their knees before moving forward a few more steps.  At yet another time, pilgrims would crawl under a stone, facing the cross of St. Willibrord.  A 'cattle-bell dance' used to take place in front of the cross, which was erected on the marketplace; this dance was prohibited in 1664.

==History==

Willibrord's Abbey of Echternach was a major Christian centre in the [[Middle Ages]], and maintained a famous [[library]] and [[scriptorium]].  However, it owes its modern fame to the quaint dancing procession. This aspect of the cult of the saint may be traced back almost to the date of his death; among the stream of pilgrims to his tomb in the abbey church have been [[Holy Roman Emperor|Emperors]] [[Charlemagne]], [[Lothair I]], [[Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor|Conrad]], and later Maximilian (in 1512).

[[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]] historians are reluctant to ascribe any pre-Christian antecedents to the dancing procession, and claim only that its origin cannot be stated with certainty. There might be elements of [[Paganism|pagan]] cult, such as the ones that were criticised by [[Saint Eligius]] in the 7th century. Documents of the fifteenth century speak of it as a long-established custom at that time, and a similar "dancing" procession, which used to take place in the small town of [[Prüm]], in the [[Eifel]], was documented as early as 1342. Legends are told that relate the dancing procession to an averted plague or offer a fable about a condemned fiddler, but the dancing procession to the saint's tomb is an annual ceremony done as an act of [[penance]] on behalf of afflicted relations and especially in order to avert [[epilepsy]], [[Chorea (disease)|Saint Vitus Dance]], or [[convulsion]]s.

The procession took place annually without intermission until 1777. There has been an uneasy relationship with the church hierarchy; in 1777, the music and dancing of the 'dancing saints' were forbidden by Archbishop Wenceslas, who declared that there should only be a pilgrim's procession, and, in 1786, [[Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor|Emperor Joseph II]] abolished the procession altogether. Attempts were made to revive it ten years later, and, although the French Revolution effectually prevented it, it was recommenced in 1802, and has continued ever since. In 1826, the government tried to change the day to a Sunday, but, since 1830, it has always taken place on Whit Tuesday, a traditional day that, significantly, bears no direct relation to St. Willibrord himself.

==References==
<references />

[[Category:Roman Catholic Church in Luxembourg]]
[[Category:Echternach]]
[[Category:Festivals in Luxembourg]]
[[Category:Tourism in Luxembourg]]

[[de:Echternacher Springprozession]]
[[fr:Procession dansante d'Echternach]]
[[lb:Sprangprëssessioun]]
[[nl:Processie van Echternach]]
[[pl:Tańcząca procesja w Echternach]]
[[ksh:Echternacher Springprozession]]