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'''Cool and Lam''' is the fictional [[United States|American]] [[private detective]] firm that is the center of a series of [[detective]] novels written by [[Erle Stanley Gardner]] using the pen name of A. A. Fair.

==Bertha Cool==
In the first book about her, ''The Bigger They Come'' (1939; British: ''Lam to the Slaughter''), '''Bertha Cool''' is said to have opened her own detective agency in 1936 after her husband Henry died.  She's described in various terms as overweight, and uncaring about her weight—in the first novel, Donald Lam estimates her weight at 220 pounds.  At the beginning of ''Spill the Jackpot!'' (1941) we learn that she had flu and pneumonia, and lost a great deal of weight, down to 160 pounds, and in many later novels her weight is given as 165 pounds. She has white hair and "greedy piggish eyes".  All the novels agree that she's extremely avaricious and miserly.  On the other hand she has persistence, loyalty and nerve.  Her favourite expletive is "Fry me for an oyster!".  In the opening chapter of the first novel, she hires [[Donald Lam]], a small (5' 6" tall/125 pounds), nervy and extremely ingenious disbarred lawyer who later becomes a full partner in her business, and the duo appears in more than two dozen books.

==Donald Lam==
'''Donald Lam''' is a fictional American detective created by Erle Stanley Gardner under his pen name A. A. Fair. Hughes in her biography of Gardner stated that "Erle said over and again that if Donald Lam, "that cocky little bastard," had a model, it was Corney, [Cornwell Jackson--Gardner's Hollywood agent]. <ref> Hughes, The Case of the Real Perry Mason, Erle Stanley Gardner, New York, Morrow, 1978 p.227</ref>  Donald Lam begins his adventures as the employee of Bertha Cool, a stout widow in her 60s who started a detective agency in 1936.

Donald Lam, as a detective, is in stark contrast to the fictional hard-boiled types of his era.  Donald is about 5'6", weighs 130 pounds soaking wet, and gets beat up quite frequently. While he does get into several fistfights, he loses all but one — a single fistfight against an insurance investigator in ''Double or Quits''.  It should be noted that this was only after taking some boxing lessons from a former pug named Louie Hazen, in a prior book; and in the present work, studying jujitsu with a master named Hashimoto.

Donald doesn't carry a gun because, as he says: A) "a gun, a good type of gun such as I would want to carry, costs money; and B) "people are always taking it away from me and beating me up" - meaning the gun. He primary weapon is his brain, not his brawn.  In the first book (''The Bigger They Come'') Donald tells Bertha that when people mistreat him, he uses his ingenuity to figure out a way to get even.  He shows that frequently in his cases.

The early history of Donald Lam is murky, though there are several clues in the first novel, ''The Bigger They Come''.  He is known to have been a lawyer who had his license to practice law suspended for a year for casually mentioning to a client (who turned out to be a gangster) that he, Donald, had worked out a way to commit a murder in such a way nobody could do anything about it.  This was a defect in the law itself, not a sealed room or a traceless poison or a way of vaporizing a body, etc.  This theory was put to the test in the same book, when Donald confessed to a murder he didn't commit in order to flush out the real killer.  This was the same gimmick that Gardner's pulp character [[ Ed Jenkins ]] used, to stay free in California while a wanted man in seven other states.  Fortunately for Donald his theory stood up in court and he was absolved.

After his law license was suspended, Donald was desperate and started answering ads for jobs "that were just a little bit fishy on their face."  This led him to Bertha, who hired him; and made money on him ever since.  But Bertha also uncovered Donald's past, including his real name, something that was never revealed.  Donald apparently considered that a false start to his life.  However, his legal training proved invaluable in later books, when he advised lawyers, or his clients, in trials as in the books ''Beware the Curves'' and ''All Grass Isn't Green''.  

Donald eventually became such a moneymaker for Bertha that she was forced to relent when he put the pressure on her for a full partnership in ''Double or Quits''.  When Donald originally asked to be made a partner Bertha turned him down cold.  So Donald quit and moved to San Francisco.  Bertha would have kept Donald on at a hired man's wages forever, but when he quit she realized that he was her cash cow.  Bertha tracked him down and begged him to return in exchange for a partnership.  Donald acted uninterested but finally allowed himself to be persuaded after making a couple of insulting additional conditions for his return. Bertha bit her tongue and accepted.

This same book, ''Double or Quits'', is about a case involving double indemnity "in the event of death by accidental means". Donald knew the legal difference between "death by accidental means" and "accidental death", which netted Cool & Lam over $40,000. Solving the case nearly cost Donald his own life, but he did find the proof to get the money, as the murder was held to be a death by accidental means, and the insurance company paid.

At the conclusion of ''Owls Don't Blink'', set in early 1942, Donald leaves the agency to enlist in the Navy and fight the Japanese.  Two books were written about Bertha alone, during the time Donald was serving his country: ''Bats Fly at Dusk'' and ''Cats Prowl at Night''.

In ''Bats Fly at Dusk'', Bertha takes a case brought to her by a blind man.  Donald was able to correspond via telegraph, and gave her solid advice, much of which Bertha rejected.  However, she finally quit the case at the end, only to find that Donald, on a military pass, flew down and solved it for her.  The second, ''Cats Prowl at Night'' put Bertha in a case that kept getting worse for her.  She eventually came up with a single clue that led her to the solution, but showed she wasn't Donald's equal in such situations.  Donald is discharged from the Navy on medical grounds after he contracts [[ Malaria ]] in the South Pacific, at the start of ''Give 'em the Axe''.  He returns to Los Angeles and goes back to work, although he suffers frequent malarial attacks for some months after.

Like [[ Perry Mason ]], Donald steadfastly stands behind his clients, even if they haven't given him all the needed information, or even if he doesn't like them personally.  He works by his own sense of honor and loyalty, giving fair treatment to those who treat him well, and not caring about those who treat him poorly.  His antics frequently frustrate Bertha, but in the end they line her pockets, and she ultimately forgives him. He is frequently seen to become romantically involved with beautiful women connected with his cases, but by the next novel they are forgotten.

Donald Lam is dedicated to his ideals of justice.  It may not always be the legal or moral definition of justice (in ''Beware the Curves'' Lam accepts without comment the wrongful conviction of a man for rape, because he knew the man was actually guilty of murder), but to his unique sense of justice, the punishment seems fit the crime, at least in his own opinion.

== Bibliography ==

The series consists of the following 29 books:<ref>''Erle Stanley Gardner: A Checklist'' by E.H. Mundell, Kent State University Press.</ref>

* The Bigger They Come (1939)
* Turn on the Heat (1940)
* Gold Comes in Bricks (1940)
* Spill the Jackpot (1941)
* Double or Quits (1941) "The mysterious death of a client forces Donald Lam and Bertha Cool into a legal battle with an insurance company over double indemnity, a game of wits with a trio of fortune hunters, and a search for missing jewelry, while constantly avoiding the clutches of the police."<ref name="DET">Roseman, Mill ''et al''.  ''Detectionary''.  New York: Overlook Press, 1971.  ISBN 0-87951-041-2</ref>
* Owls Don't Blink (1942)
* Bats Fly at Dusk (1942) This is the first novel for Sgt. Frank Sellers.
* Cats Prowl at Night (1943)
* Give 'em the Ax (1944)
* Crows Can't Count (1946)
* Fools Die on Friday (1947) Donald Lam tries to put 'psychological handcuffs' on a potential poisoner, but things don't work out the way he planned. [[Raymond Chandler]] wrote to Gardner in 1948 "'Fools Die on Friday' is about the best of the series since the first two. Perhaps since the very first." <ref> Hughes, Case of the Real Perry Mason: Erle Stanley Gardner, Morrow, New York, 1978, p 209.</ref>
* Bedrooms Have Windows (1949)
* Top of the Heap (1952) (available in the [[Hard Case Crime]] series)
* Some Women Won't Wait (1953)
* Beware the Curves (1956)
* You can Die Laughing (1957)
* Some Slips don't Show (1957)
* The Count of Nine (1958)
* Pass the Gravy (1959)
* Kept Women Can't Quit (1960)
* Bachelors Get Lonely (1961)
* Shills Can't Cash Chips (1961)
* Try Anything Once (1962)
* Fish or Cut Bait (1963)
* Up for Grabs (1964)
* Cut Thin to Win (1965)
* Widows Wear Weeds (1966)
* Traps Need Fresh Bait (1967)
* All Grass isn't Green (1970)

== Radio ==
[[Frank Sinatra]] was the first actor to portray [[Donald Lam]] in an adaptation of "Turn On the Heat," presented on the [[U.S. Steel Hour of Mystery]] on June, 23, 1946.

== Television ==
"Cool & Lam" first appeared on television in the January 6, 1955 episode of [[Climax!]] based on the premiere novel [["The Bigger The Come"]]<ref>http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0542622/</ref>. It starred [[Art Carney]] as [[Donald Lam]] and [[Jane Darwell]] as [[Bertha Cool]] and is considered "lost."

A 30-minute pilot program called "Cool and Lam" was made in 1958 but never became a series.  [[Billy Pearson]] was cast as Donald Lam and [[Benay Venuta]] as [[Bertha Cool]]. The pilot was loosely based on ''Turn On The Heat''.  One feature of interest is that, a few minutes after the start of the program, [[Erle Stanley Gardner]] is shown on the set of [[Perry Mason (TV series)|Perry Mason]]'s office.  He speaks directly to the viewer, introducing the characters, and talking about his pleasure in the casting and his hopes that the pilot will become a series.  It is uncertain whether this pilot was ever broadcast and, if so, whether this segment featuring Gardner would have been included, since it pushed the running time of the program to the 30-minute mark and did not allow for commercials.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Fictional private investigators]]

[[pt:Cool e Lam#Donald Lam]]