View source for Thallium(I) chloride

{{chembox
| verifiedrevid = 447133598
|   Name = Thallium(I) chloride
|   ImageFileL1 = Thallium(I)-chloride-3D-SF-C.png
|   ImageFileR1 = CsCl polyhedra.png
<!-- | ImageSize1 = 200px -->
|   ImageFile2 = Thallium(I) chloride.jpg
|   IUPACName = Thallium monochloride<br/>Thallium(I) chloride
|   OtherNames = Thallous chloride
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
|   ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 23044
| InChI = 1/ClH.Tl/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
| InChIKey = GBECUEIQVRDUKB-REWHXWOFAE
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 37117
| SMILES = Cl[Tl]
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/ClH.Tl/h1H;/q;+1/p-1
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = GBECUEIQVRDUKB-UHFFFAOYSA-M
| CASNo = 7791-12-0
|    CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 24642
  }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
|   Formula = TlCl
|   MolarMass = 239.82 g/mol
|   Appearance = white, odorless crystalline solid
|   Density = 7.004 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (20 °C)
|   Solubility = 0.29 g/100 mL (15.5 °C) <br> 0.318 g/100 mL (20 °C) <br> 2.41 g/100 mL (100 °C) <ref>Pradyot Patnaik. ''Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals''. McGraw-Hill, 2002, ISBN 0-07-049439-8</ref>
|   SolubleOther = insoluble in [[alcohol]], [[acetone]], [[ammonium hydroxide|NH<sub>4</sub>OH]]
|   MeltingPtC = 430
|   BoilingPtC = 720
|    Boiling_notes = decomp
|   RefractIndex = 2.247
  }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
|   ExternalMSDS = http://www.crystran.co.uk/uploads/files/178.pdf
|   EUIndex = 081-002-00-9
|   EUClass = Very toxic ('''T+''')<br/>Dangerous for the environment ('''N''')
|   RPhrases = {{R26/28}}, {{R33}}, {{R51/53}}
|   SPhrases = {{S1/2}}, {{S13}}, {{S28}}, {{S45}}, {{S61}}
|   NFPA-H = 
|   NFPA-F =  
|   NFPA-R = 
|   NFPA-O = 
|   LD50 = 24 mg/kg, oral, mouse
  }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
|   OtherAnions = [[Thallium(I) fluoride]]<br/>[[Thallium(I) bromide]]<br/>[[Thallium(I) iodide]]
|   OtherCations = [[Thallium(III) chloride]]<br/>[[Silver(I) chloride]]<br/>[[Lead(II) chloride]]
  }}
}}
'''Thallium(I) chloride''' is the [[chemical compound]] with the formula [[Thallium|Tl]][[Chlorine|Cl]]. This colourless solid is an intermediate in the isolation of thallium from its ores.  Typically, an acidic solution of [[thallium(I) sulfate]] is treated with [[hydrochloric acid]] to precipitate insoluble thallium(I) chloride.  This solid crystallizes in the [[caesium chloride]] motif.<ref>Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.</ref>

The low solubility of TlCl is exploited in chemical synthesis: treatment of metal chloride [[coordination chemistry|complexes]] with TlPF<sub>6</sub>, gives the corresponding metal [[hexafluorophosphate]] derivative.   The resulting TlCl precipitate is separated by filtration of the reaction mixture.  The overall methodology is similar to the use of AgPF<sub>6</sub>, except that Tl<sup>+</sup> is much less oxidizing.

The crystalline structure is of cubic [[Caesium chloride|CsCl]] type at room temperature, but it lowers to the [[orthorombic]] [[Thallium(I) iodide|thallium iodide]] type upon cooling, the transition temperature being likely affected by the impurities.<ref>M Blackman et al "The Polymorphism of Thallium and Other Halides at Low Temperatures" [http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0370-1328/77/2/331 Proc. Phys. Soc. 77 (1961) 471]</ref><ref>A-V Mudring "Thallium Halides – New Aspects of the Stereochemical Activity of Electron Lone Pairs of Heavier Main-Group Elements" [http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/journal/114066398/abstract Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. 6 (2007) 882]</ref><ref>R. P. Lowndes and C. H. Perry "Molecular structure and anharmonicity in thallium iodide" [http://link.aip.org/link/?JCPSA6/58/271/1 J. Chem. Phys. 58, 271 (1973)]</ref> 

A very rare mineral lafossaite, Tl(Cl,Br), is a natural form of thallium(I) chloride.<ref>http://www.mindat.org/min-27521.html</ref>

Thallium(I) chloride, like all thallium compounds, is highly toxic, although its insolubility limits its toxicity to a degree.

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Thallium compounds}}

[[Category:Chlorides]]
[[Category:Thallium compounds]]
[[Category:Metal halides]]
[[Category:Inorganic compound stubs]]


{{inorganic-compound-stub}}

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