View source for USS Russell (DD-414)

{{Otherships|USS Russell}}
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'''USS ''Russell'' (DD-414)''' was a [[World War II]]-era {{sclass|Sims|destroyer}} in the service of the [[United States Navy]], named after [[Rear Admiral (United States)|Rear Admiral]] [[John Henry Russell]].

''Russell'' was laid down on 20 December 1937 by the [[Northrop Grumman Shipbuilding Newport News|Newport News Shipbuilding and Drydock Company]], [[Newport News, Virginia]]; launched on 8 December 1938; sponsored by Mrs. Charles H. Marshall, granddaughter of Rear Admiral Russell; and commissioned on 3 November 1939, [[Lieutenant Commander (United States)|Lieutenant Commander]] [[J. C. Pollock]] in command.

==Service history==
Commissioned two months after the outbreak of World War II in Europe, ''Russell'' cruised in the western [[Atlantic]] and in the [[Caribbean Sea|Caribbean]] on [[neutrality patrol]] until the bombing of [[Pearl Harbor]]. 
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File:Original_plaque_from_USS_Russell_DD_414.jpg|Plaque from USS Russell DD 414
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===World War II===
====1942====
''Russell'' was ordered to the [[Pacific]], and she transited the [[Panama Canal]] and proceeded to [[San Diego, California]], where on 6 January 1942, she sailed west, screening reinforcements to [[Samoa]]. By the time of her arrival, 20 January, the [[Japan]]ese had moved into [[British Malaya]], [[Borneo]], the [[Celebes Islands|Celebes]] and [[Gilbert Islands]]s, and the [[Bismarck Archipelago]]. Within the week, [[Rabaul]] fell and the Japanese continued on to [[New Ireland (island)|New Ireland]] and the Solomons while further west they extended their occupation of the [[Netherlands East Indies]].

On 25 January, ''Russell'' sailed north with [[Task Force 17]] (TF 17), screened {{USS|Yorktown|CV-5}} as her planes raided [[Makin (islands)|Makin]], [[Mili]], and [[Jaluit]] on 1 February, then set a course for Pearl Harbor. In midmonth, the force sailed again. Diverted from its original destination, [[Wake Island]], it covered forces establishing an airbase on [[Canton Island]], important on the [[Hawaii]]-Samoa-[[Fiji]] route to [[Australia]] and less than 1,000 miles (1,600&nbsp;km) from Makin. Raids on Rabaul and [[Gasmata]] were next ordered to cover a movement of troops to [[New Caledonia]], but on 8 March the Japanese landed at [[Salamaua]] and [[Lae]] in [[New Guinea]] and [[Port Moresby]] was threatened. The force, again joined by the {{USS|Lexington|CV-2|2}} force, steamed into the [[Gulf of Papua]], where on 10 March, planes were sent over the [[Owen Stanley Range]] to bomb the newly-established Japanese bases on the [[Huon Gulf]].

Through April, ''Russell'' continued to screen the ''Yorktown'' force, operating primarily in the [[ANZAC]] area. Detached on 3 May to screen {{USS|Neosho|AO-23|}} during fueling operations with TF 11, she rejoined TF 17 early on 5 May and resumed screening duties for the force's heavier units. On 7 May in the [[Coral Sea]], she engaged enemy planes closing the formation to threaten ''Yorktown'' and ''Lexington'' and to support Japanese forces in an assault on Port Moresby. ''Lexington'' hit and heavily damaged, but still in action, continued to recover and launch planes. Three hours later, however, she reported a serious explosion. A second followed. Her fires were no longer under control. She soon commenced abandoning ship. ''Russell'' joined her screen, circled the crippled ship as rescue ships evacuated personnel, and with the completion of that work, departed the scene of the [[Battle of the Coral Sea]].

Retiring to [[Tonga]], ''Russell'' debarked 170 survivors from ''Lexington'' and sailed for Pearl Harbor. Arriving on 27 May, she headed out again on 30 May, this time toward [[Midway Island]]. On 4 June, TFs 16 and 17 again met the enemy in an air duel, through which ''Russell'' steamed in the screen of ''Yorktown''. In the afternoon, enemy [[torpedo planes]] broke through the screen and scored successfully on the carrier. The patched-up survivor of the Battle of the Coral Sea was abandoned. ''Russell'' took on 492 of her crew and aviation personnel. The next day she transferred 27 to {{USS|Astoria|CA-34|2}} to assist in salvage operations on the carrier, but Japanese torpedoes (from {{Ship|Japanese submarine|I-168||2}}) negated the effort and ''Yorktown'' and {{USS|Hammann|DD-412|2}} were lost. On 10 June, ''Russell'' covered the transferral of replacements from {{USS|Saratoga|CV-3|2}} to {{USS|Hornet|CV-8|2}} and {{USS|Enterprise|CV-6|2}}, and on 13 June, she returned to Pearl Harbor.

Engaged in training exercises for the next 2 months, ''Russell'' again sortied with TF 17 on 17 August, took station screening ''Hornet'', and headed southwest. On the 29th, TF 17 joined TF 61, becoming Task Group 61.2 (TG 61.2). On the 31st, ''Saratoga'' took a torpedo and ''Russell'' conducted an unsuccessful submarine hunt, the first of many in the long and costly campaign for [[Guadalcanal]]. On 6 September, one of ''Hornet''{{'}}s planes dropped an explosive off ''Russell''{{'}}s starboard quarter to detonate a torpedo. Another submarine search commenced. At 1452, she established contact and dropped six 600-pound depth charges. At 1513, she sighted an oil slick 1 mile by one-half mile, but contact was lost at 700 yards and never regained.

Through the remainder of the year, and into the new, ''Russell'' continued to operate in support of the Guadalcanal campaign. On 25–26 October, she participated in the [[Battle of the Santa Cruz Islands]], during which she again joined in rescue operations for a sinking carrier, this time ''Hornet'', from which she transferred the commander of TF 17, Rear Admiral [[George D. Murray]] and his staff to {{USS|Pensacola|CA-24|2}}, seriously wounded personnel to {{USS|Northampton|CA-26}}, and other survivors to [[Nouméa]] where ''Russell''{{'}}s superstructure, damaged during rescue work, was repaired.

====1943====
In December 1942-January 1943, she screened convoys to Guadalcanal and [[Tulagi]], then to [[Rennell]]. In February, she screened ''Enterprise'', then in March, resumed convoy escort work, making one run to Australia and back by mid-April.

On 1 May, the destroyer set a course for the west coast. At the end of July, after overhaul at [[Mare Island]], she steamed north to join forces staging for the "[[Aleutian Islands Campaign|invasion]]" of [[Kiska Island]]. [[Aleutian Islands|Aleutian]] patrol duty followed, and with the arrival of autumn, she turned south to escort landing craft to Hawaii. In October, she continued on to [[Wellington]], [[New Zealand]]; and, in early November, she escorted transports to the [[New Hebrides]] where she joined TF 53, then preparing to push into the Gilberts. Underway on 13 November with the Task Force, she arrived with the troop transports off [[Betio]], [[Tarawa AtollTarawa]], on 20 November, then screened heavier units as they shelled the shore. Remaining in the area until 25 November, she provided gunfire support and screened the transports as they filled with [[United States Marine Corps|Marine]] casualties. On 27 November, she joined TG 50.3 and, with TG 50.1, sailed for the [[Marshall Islands]]. On 4 December, carrier planes raided [[Kwajalein]] and [[Wotje]], and on 9 December, the force returned to Pearl Harbor, whence ''Russell'' continued on to the west coast.

====1944====
On 13 January 1944, ''Russell'', screening TG 53.5, departed the [[California]] coast. Training in the Hawaiian Islands followed. On the 22nd, the force headed west. On 30 January, ''Russell'' joined other destroyers and heavier units in shelling Wotje. On 31 January, she rejoined the main force off Kwajalein and, after initial screening duties, added her guns to the naval gunfire support line. On 2 February, she screened Carrier Division 22 (CarDiv 22) and on the 3rd, entered Kwajalein lagoon. Standing out 5 days later, she arrived at Pearl Harbor on the 15 February and was directed on to [[Puget Sound]] for repairs.

Repairs completed in March, ''Russell'' returned to Hawaii in early April, then escorted ''Willard Holbrook'' to New Guinea where she rejoined DesRon 2. Arriving at [[Finschhafen]] on 4 May, she reported to the commander of TF 76 at [[Sudest]] on 6 May and commenced 5 months of intensive and navigationally difficult escort work along the New Guinea coast. Assigned initially to escort [[Tank landing ship|LST]]s resupplying [[Jayapura|Hollandia]] and [[Aitape]], she joined TF 77 on 16 May and covered [[Landing Craft Infantry|LCI]]s and [[AT]]s to the [[Wakde]]-[[Sarmi]] area. From 17–20 May, she stood off Wakde, marking the approach channel on the first day of the campaigns there and providing fire support and screening services on the others. On 20 May, she returned to [[Teluk Yos Sudarso|Humboldt Bay]] and 5 days later sailed with LSTs for [[Biak]] to commence Operation "Horlick." On 27 May, she shelled [[Padaido Islands]], patrolled between [[Pai]] and [[Padaidori]] Islands, blasted targets on Biak, and then got underway to return to Humboldt Bay. Into June, she continued to escort convoys to and provide cover for operations at Biak and Wakde. In mid-June, she participated in a bombardment of the [[Toem]] area, then resumed escort runs along the coast. In early July, [[Noemfoor]], with its two Japanese airfields, became the target. At midmonth ''Russell'' gained a brief respite at [[Manus Island]], then at the end of the month commenced Operation "Globetrotter", the capture of [[Sansapor]]. Through August, she continued operations in support of the campaign and, in mid-September, moved forward to the [[Molucca Islands]] to cover the occupation of [[Morotai]], the last stepping stone on the southern route to the [[Philippines]] and on the eastern route to Borneo and the Netherlands East Indies.

On 13 October, ''Russell'' sailed with TF 78 for the Philippines and on 20 October, as the troops of the Northern Attack Force landed south of [[Tacloban]], patrolled off [[Alabat Point]]. On 21 October, she took up fire support duties to the north of the unloading area. Until 24 October, she remained in [[San Pedro Bay (Philippines)|San Pedro Bay]], resumed patrol in [[Leyte Gulf]] on 25 October, and on 26 October, got underway for New Guinea, where, in November-December, she escorted reinforcements to Leyte.

On 28 December, ''Russell'' departed Aitape for the invasion of [[Luzon]], and steamed into the [[Mindoro Strait]] on 5 January 1945. Two days later, she joined three other destroyers in forming an interceptor force 5 miles on the starboard of the [[San Fabian]] Attack Force to destroy any enemy ships attempting a sortie from [[Manila Bay]] against the convoy. At 2230, {{Ship|Japanese destroyer|Hinoki||2}} was detected and fired on. ''Hinoki'' exploded and sank within 20 minutes. Russell was ordered to pick up survivors from the ''Hinoki''. Although several swimmers were seen in the water, they refused to be rescued.<ref>Survivor:USS Russell a World War II Destroyer </ref>

====1945====
On 9 January, the force, having survived harassing attacks by planes, boats, and ships, arrived in [[Lingayen Gulf]] and ''Russell'' assumed screening duties off the transport area. For 9 days, she patrolled, illuminated, bombarded, and fought off [[kamikaze]]s. From 18–23 January, she escorted damaged ships back to Leyte and, on 27 January, sailed north again. On 31 January, she arrived off [[Nasugbu, Batangas|Nasugbu]] Bay, covered [[YMS]]s (Motor Minesweepers) as they cleared approach channels, then fired on enemy emplacements on Nasugbu Point. Relieved in late afternoon, she returned to Lingayen Gulf, thence, on 2 February, to Leyte, New Guinea, and the Solomons.

''Russell'' arrived at Guadalcanal on 15 February, rejoined the [[United States Fifth Fleet|5th Fleet]] and prepared for Operation "Iceberg", the [[Battle of Okinawa|Okinawa offensive]]. On 1 April, she arrived off the assault beaches and commenced screening the Northern Transport area. From 3–5 April, she patrolled north of [[Ie Shima]], then returned to the transport area to escort a convoy to [[Ulithi]]. Returning to the [[Hagushi beach]]es with reinforcements on 21 February, she shifted to [[Kerama Retto]], whence she patrolled in carrier operating area "Rapier", south of Okinawa, into May. Detached from carrier screening duty on 27 May, she proceeded to the Hagushi anchorage and got underway the following day for the United States and a yard overhaul.

Still undergoing overhaul at [[Seattle, Washington]] when the war ended, ''Russell'' was prepared for inactivation during September, and on 15 November, she was decommissioned. Thirteen days later she was struck from the Navy List and, in September 1947, she was sold for scrap to the [[National Metal and Steel Corporation]], [[Terminal Island]], [[Los Angeles, California]].

==Awards==
''Russell'' earned 16 [[battle star]]s during World War II,  placing her among the [[Most decorated US ships of WWII|highest decorated US ships]] of the Second World War.

==References==
* {{DANFS|http://www.history.navy.mil/danfs/r10/russell.htm}}

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{{Sims class destroyer}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Russell, USS (DD-414)}}
[[Category:Sims-class destroyers|Russell (DD-414)]]
[[Category:World War II destroyers of the United States|Russell (DD-414)]]
[[Category:Battle of Midway]]
[[Category:Ships built in Virginia]]
[[Category:United States Navy Maryland-related ships|Russell (DD-414)]]
[[Category:1938 ships]]