View source for Demographics of Bangladesh

{{Infobox country demographics
|country            =   Bangladesh
|size_of_population = 142,316,000 (July 2011 est.),<ref name="PHC2011">[http://www.bbs.gov.bd/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/BBS/PHC2011Preliminary%20Result.pdf Population & Housing Census: Preliminary Results JULY 2011]</ref><br /> 158,570,535 (July 2011 est.)<ref name="The World Factbook">[https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bg.html The World Factbook], [[CIA]], accessed on Aug 15, 2011.</ref>
|growth             = 1.59% (2013 est.)<ref name="The World Factbook"/>
|birth              = 24.68 births/1,000<br />population (2009 est.)
|death              = 8 deaths/1,000<br />population (2009 est.)
|life               = 70.36 years (2013 est.)<ref name="CIA World Factbook 2013">{{cite web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bg.html |title=The World Factbook |author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.--> |date=13 August 2013 |website=CIA |publisher= |accessdate=21 August 2013}}</ref>
|life_male          = 68.48 years 
|life_female        = 72.31 years
|fertility          = 2.6 children born/woman (2011 est.)
|infant_mortality   = 59.02 deaths/1,000 live births
|age_0-14_years     = 34.6% (male 24,957,997/female 23,533,894)
|age_15-64_years    = 61.4% (male 47,862,774/female 45,917,674)
|age_65_years       = 4% (male 2,731,578/female 2,361,435) (2006 est.)
|sr_total_mf_ratio  = 0.93 male(s)/female 
|sr_at_birth        = 1.04 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
|sr_under_15        = 1.01 male(s)/female 
|sr_15-64_years     = 0.9 male(s)/female 
|sr_65_years_over   = 0.94 male(s)/female 
|nation             = ''noun'': Bengali(s) ''adjective'': Bangladeshi
|major_ethnic       = Bengali
|minor_ethnic       = [[Santal|Santhals]], [[Chakma people|Chakma]], [[Garo (tribe)|Garos (Achiks)]], [[Oraons]], [[Mundas]], [[Mro people|Mro]], [[Kaibarta]], [[Marma people|Marma]], [[Meitei people|Meitei]], [[Zomi]], [[Bihari people|Bihari]]([[Stranded Pakistani]])
|official           = [[Bengali language|Bengali]]
|spoken             = [[Bengali language|Bengali]], [[English language|English]], [[Santali language|Santali]], [[Rangpuri language|Rajbanshi]], [[Chakma language|Chakma]], [[Kokborok|Tripuri]], [[Khasi language|Khasi]], [[Urdu]], [[Mundari language|Mundari]] 
}}
[[Bangladesh]] is largely [[Ethnic group|ethnically]] homogeneous. Indeed, its name derives from the [[Bengali people|Bengali]] ethno-linguistic group, which comprises 98% of the [[Bangladeshi people|population]]. The [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]], [[Sylhet]], [[Mymensingh]] and [[Rajshahi Division|North Bengal]] divisions are home to diverse [[Indigenous peoples in Bangladesh|indigenous peoples]]. There are many dialects of Bengali spoken throughout the region. The dialect spoken by those in [[Chittagong]] and [[Sylhet]] are particularly distinctive. In 2013 the population was estimated at 160 million. About 89% of Bangladeshis are [[Muslim]]s, followed by [[Hindu]]s (8%), [[Buddhist]]s (1%) and [[Christian]]s (0.5%).

Bangladesh has the [[List of countries and dependencies by population density|highest population density]] in the world, excluding a handful of [[city-states]] and small countries  with populations under 10m, such as [[Malta]] and [[Hong Kong]].

Most of the demographic statistics below are from the [[CIA World Factbook]], unless otherwise indicated.

==Population==
[[File:Pyramide Bangladesh.PNG|thumb|left|Age-sex pyramid for Bangladesh, 2005]]The 2011 total population was 152,518,015 which ranks Bangladesh 8th in the world.

The baseline for population studies on Bangladesh is the official census which is conducted every 10 years, the last being in 2011.

===Census<ref>[http://203.112.218.65/WebTestApplication/userfiles/Image/BBS/PHC2011Preliminary%20Result.pdf 2011 Population & Housing Census: Preliminary Results]</ref>===

[[Image:Bangladesh population 1900to2010.svg|thumb|right|350px|Demographic evolution of the territory of Bangladesh (1900-2010).]]

{| class="wikitable"
|+
'''Population of Bangladesh'''
|-bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
! Census date !! census population <br /> (thousands)!! adjusted population  <br />(thousands)
|-
|1901
| 28 928
|
|-
| 1911
| 31 555
|
|-
| 1921 
| 33 255
|
|-
| 1931 
| 35 602
|
|-
| 1941 
| 41 997
|
|-
| 1951
| 41 932
|
|-
| 1961 
| 50 840
|
|-
| 1974 
|  71 479
|  76 398
|-
| 1981 
|  87 120
|  89 912
|-
| 1991 
| 106 313
| 111 455
|-
| 2001
| 124 355
| 130 523
|-
| 15 Mar 2011
|  142 319
|152 518
|}

p=provisional figure

===UN estimates<ref name="WPP 2010">[http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision]</ref>===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!
! width="80pt"|Total population
! width="80pt"|Population aged 0–14 (%)
! width="80pt"|Population aged 15–64 (%)
! width="80pt"|Population aged 65+ (%)
|-
| 1950
| align="right" | 37 895
| align="right" | 41.2
| align="right" | 54.8
| align="right" | 3.9
|-
| 1955
| align="right" | 43 444
| align="right" | 42.4
| align="right" | 54.1
| align="right" | 3.5
|-
| 1960
| align="right" | 50 102
| align="right" | 43.6
| align="right" | 53.1
| align="right" | 3.3
|-
| 1965
| align="right" | 57 792
| align="right" | 44.7
| align="right" | 52.0
| align="right" | 3.3
|-
| 1970
| align="right" | 66 881
| align="right" | 44.7
| align="right" | 51.8
| align="right" | 3.4
|-
| 1975
| align="right" | 70 582
| align="right" | 45.8
| align="right" | 50.7
| align="right" | 3.5
|-
| 1980
| align="right" | 80 624
| align="right" | 45.0
| align="right" | 51.4
| align="right" | 3.6
|-
| 1985
| align="right" | 92 284
| align="right" | 43.9
| align="right" | 52.5
| align="right" | 3.6
|-
| 1990
| align="right" | 105 256
| align="right" | 42.5
| align="right" | 53.8
| align="right" | 3.7
|-
| 1995
| align="right" | 117 487
| align="right" | 40.3
| align="right" | 55.9
| align="right" | 3.8
|-
| 2000
| align="right" | 129 592
| align="right" | 37.3
| align="right" | 58.7
| align="right" | 4.0
|-
| 2005
| align="right" | 140 588
| align="right" | 34.3
| align="right" | 61.4
| align="right" | 4.3
|-
| 2010
| align="right" | 148 692
| align="right" | 31.3
| align="right" | 64.1
| align="right" | 4.6
|}

===Other sources===

The following table lists various recent estimates of the population.

{|class="wikitable sortable"
|-
| Source
| align="center" | Year
| align="center" | Population (millions)
|-
| US State Dept<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/3452.htm | publisher = [[U.S. Department of State]] | title =  Background Note: Bangladesh | date = 2005-08}}</ref>
| align="center" | 2005
| align="center" | 144
|-
| Population Reference Bureau<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.prb.org/TemplateTop.cfm?Section=PRB_Country_Profiles&template=/customsource/countryprofile/countryprofiledisplay.cfm&Country=395 | publisher = Population Reference Bureau | title = Country Profiles: Bangladesh | accessdate = 2006-07-28}}</ref>
| align="center" | 2005
| align="center" | 144
|-
| World Bank<ref>{{cite web|url=http://econ.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/DATASTATISTICS/0,,contentMDK:20394872~menuPK:1192714~pagePK:64133150~piPK:64133175~theSitePK:239419,00.html|publisher=World Bank|title=World Development Indicators}}</ref>
| align="center" | 2008
| align="center" | 160
|-
| CIA World FactBook<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/bg.html | publisher = CIA | title = CIA World Factbook 2010 }}</ref>
| align="center" | 2010
| align="center" | 156
|-
| World Population Reference<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.prb.org/Publications/PopulationBulletins/2010/worldpopulationhighlights2010.aspx | publisher = World Population Reference | title = World Population Highlights: Key Findings From PRB's 2010 World Population Data Sheet }}</ref>
| align="center" | 2010
| align="center" | 164
|}

According to the OECD/World Bank population in Bangladesh increased from 1990 to 2008 with 44 million and 38% growth in population compared to 34% growth in [[Demographics of India|India]] and 54% growth in [[Demographics of Pakistan|Pakistan]]. The annual population growth 2007-2008 was 1.4% compared to India 1.35%, Pakistan 2.2%, [[Demographics of the Democratic Republic of the Congo|Dem. Rep. of Congo]] 2.9%, [[Demographics of Tanzania|Tanzania]] 2.9%, [[Demographics of Syria|Syria]] 3.5% or [[Demographics of Yemen|Yemen]] 4.0%. According to the OECD/World Bank population statistics between 1990-2008 the [[world population]] [[Population growth|growth]] was 27% and 1,423 million persons.<ref name=IEApop2011>[http://www.iea.org/co2highlights/co2Highlights.XLS CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion] Population 1971-2008 ([http://iea.org/co2highlights/co2highlights.pdf pdf] pages 83-85) IEA (OECD/ World Bank) original population ref e.g. in IEA Key World Energy Statistics 2010 page 57</ref>

===Population growth rate===
[[File:Panorama View of Dhaka,2012.jpg|thumb|right|Panorama of Dhaka in 2012]]
Bangladesh had high rates of population growth in the 1960s and 1970s. Since then however it has seen a marked reduction in its total [[fertility rate]]. Over a period of three decades it dropped from almost 7 to 2.4 in 2005-2010.<ref name="WPP 2010"/>

===Gender ratio===
:At birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
:Under 15 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
:15–64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female
:65 years and over: 0.94 male(s)/female
:Total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2009 est.)

===Urban and rural===
The sprawling mega-city of Dhaka has a huge population, but the majority of the people nonetheless still live in villages in rural areas.
:Urban population: 27% of total population (2009 est.)
:Rate of urbanization: 3.5% annual rate of change (2005-2010 est.)

===Population Density===
Based on the CIA World Fact Book 2012 figures for population (161,083,804) and land area (130,168&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>), Bangladesh has the highest population density among large countries, 1,237.51 persons per square kilometer, and 12th overall, when small countries and city-states are included.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.photius.com/rankings/geography/population_density_persons_per_sq_km_2012_0.html |title=Population density – Persons per sq km 2012 Country Ranks |accessdate=16 January 2013}}</ref>

==Vital statistics==

===Births and deaths <ref name="WPP 2010"/>===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Period
! width="80pt"|Live births per year
! width="80pt"|Deaths per year
! width="80pt"|Natural change per year
! width="80pt"|CBR<sup>1</sup>
! width="80pt"|CDR<sup>1</sup>
! width="80pt"|NC<sup>1</sup>
! width="80pt"|TFR<sup>1</sup>
! width="80pt"|IMR<sup>1</sup>
|-
| 1950-1955
| align="right" | 1 963 000
| align="right" |  852 000
| align="right" | 1 111 000
| align="right" | 48.3
| align="right" | 20.9
| align="right" | 27.4
| align="right" | 6.36
| align="right" | 165.0
|-
| 1955-1960
| align="right" | 2 252 000
| align="right" |  921 000
| align="right" | 1 332 000
| align="right" | 48.2
| align="right" | 19.7
| align="right" | 28.5
| align="right" | 6.62
| align="right" | 156.5
|-
| 1960-1965
| align="right" | 2 560 000
| align="right" |  994 000
| align="right" | 1 566 000
| align="right" | 47.5
| align="right" | 18.4
| align="right" | 29.1
| align="right" | 6.80
| align="right" | 151.2
|-
| 1965-1970
| align="right" | 2 950 000
| align="right" | 1 090 000
| align="right" | 1 860 000
| align="right" | 47.3
| align="right" | 17.5
| align="right" | 29.8
| align="right" | 6.91
| align="right" | 144.4
|-
| 1970-1975
| align="right" | 3 193 000
| align="right" | 1 847 000
| align="right" | 1 346 000
| align="right" | 46.5
| align="right" | 26.9
| align="right" | 19.6
| align="right" | 6.91
| align="right" | 175.6
|-
| 1975-1980
| align="right" | 3 381 000
| align="right" | 1 153 000
| align="right" | 2 229 000
| align="right" | 44.7
| align="right" | 15.2
| align="right" | 29.5
| align="right" | 6.65
| align="right" | 138.3
|-
| 1980-1985
| align="right" | 3 670 000
| align="right" | 1 151 000
| align="right" | 2 519 000
| align="right" | 42.4
| align="right" | 13.3
| align="right" | 29.1
| align="right" | 5.99
| align="right" | 122.5
|-
| 1985-1990
| align="right" | 3 767 000
| align="right" | 1 115 000
| align="right" | 2 652 000
| align="right" | 38.1
| align="right" | 11.3
| align="right" | 26.8
| align="right" | 5.02
| align="right" | 10
|-
| 1990-1995
| align="right" | 3 709 000
| align="right" | 1 057 000
| align="right" | 2 653 000
| align="right" | 33.3
| align="right" | 9.5
| align="right" | 23.8
| align="right" | 4.10
| align="right" | 90.6
|-
| 1995-2000
| align="right" | 3 598 000
| align="right" |  986 000
| align="right" | 2 612 000
| align="right" | 29.1
| align="right" | 8.0
| align="right" | 21.1
| align="right" | 3.41
| align="right" | 73.8
|-
| 2000-2005
| align="right" | 3 432 000
| align="right" |  934 000
| align="right" | 2 498 000
| align="right" | 25.4
| align="right" | 6.9
| align="right" | 18.5
| align="right" | 2.87
| align="right" | 59.3
|-
| 2005-2010
| align="right" | 3 107 000
| align="right" |  905 000
| align="right" | 2 202 000
| align="right" | 21.5
| align="right" | 6.3
| align="right" | 15.2
| align="right" | 2.38
| align="right" | 49.0
|-
| colspan="9"| <sup>1</sup> <small>CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births</small>
|}

==Health==

===Life expectancy at birth===
:Total population: 70.36 years (2013 est.)<ref name="CIA World Factbook 2013" />
:''country comparison to the world:'' 150
:Male: 68.48 years
:Female: 72.31 years

===HIV/AIDS===
:Adult prevalence rate: less than 0.1% (2001 est.)
:''county comparison to the world:'' 102
:People living with HIV/AIDS: 12,000 (2007 est.)
:''country comparison to the world:'' 85
:Deaths: fewer than 500 (2007 est.)
:''country comparison to the world:'' 8s

===Major infectious diseases===
:Degree of risk: high
:Food or waterborne diseases: bacterial and protozoal diarrhea, hepatitis A and E, and typhoid fever
:Vectorborne diseases: dengue fever and malaria are high risks in some locations
:Water contact disease: leptospirosis
:Animal contact disease: rabies (2005)

==Ethnic groups==
{{See also|Ethnic groups in Bangladesh}}

The vast majority (about 98.5%) of Bangladeshis are of the [[Bengali language|Bengali]] ethno-linguistic group. This group also spans the neighboring Indian province of [[West Bengal]]. Minority ethnic groups include [[Meitei people|Meitei]], Khasi, Santhals, [[Chakma people|Chakma]], [[Garo (tribe)]], Biharis, Oraons, Mundas and Rohingyas.

[[Biharis]] are [[Urdu]]-speaking, non-Bengalis who emigrated from the state of [[Bihar]] and other parts of northern India during the [[partition of India|1947 partition]].  They are concentrated in the [[Dhaka]] and [[Rangpur, Bangladesh|Rangpur]] areas and number some 300,000.<ref name=dw>{{cite web|title=Socio-economic Problems of the Urdu Speaking Residents at Mohammadpur|url=http://www.dwatch-bd.org/ggtp/Research%20Reports/research3.pdf|publisher=Democracy Watch|accessdate=12 April 2011}}</ref><ref name=ju>{{cite web|last=Persoob|first=Tasmia|title=The Forgotten Community: Camp Based Urdu Speaking People in Bangladesh|url=http://akira-foundation.org/Documents/fellow%20product%20%28Tasmia%29.pdf|publisher=Jahangirnagar University|accessdate=12 April 2011}}</ref> In the 1971 independence war many of them sided with Pakistan, as they stood to lose their positions in the upper levels of society.<ref name="country study">[http://countrystudies.us/bangladesh/29.htm Ethnic and Linguistic Diversity], Bangladesh: A Country Study, Edited by James Heitzman and Robert Worden, Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1989.</ref>  Hundreds of thousands went to Pakistan and those that remained were interned in [[Stranded Pakistanis|refugee camps]]. Their population declined from about 1 million in 1971 to 600,000 in the late 1980s.<ref name="country study"/> [[Refugees International]] has called them a "neglected and stateless" people as they are denied citizenship by the governments of Bangladesh and Pakistan.<ref>[http://www.refugeesinternational.org/content/publication/detail/7828/ Refugees of Nowhere: The Stateless Biharis of Bangladesh], Refugees International, 2006-02-15</ref> As nearly 40 years has passed, two generations of Biharis have been born in these camps. Biharis were granted Bangladeshi citizenhip and voting rights in 2008.<ref>{{cite news |authorlink=|author=|title= Citizenship for Bihari refugees |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/south_asia/7407757.stm |publisher=[[BBC News]] |id=7407757|date= 2008-05-19|accessdate=2008-05-21}}</ref>

Bangladesh's tribal population was enumerated at 897,828 in the 1981 census.<ref name="country study"/> These tribes are concentrated in the [[Chittagong Hill Tracts]] and around [[Mymensingh]], [[Sylhet]], and [[Rajshahi]]. They are of Sino-Tibetan descent and differ markedly in their social customs, religion, language and level of development. They speak Tibeto-Burman languages and most are Buddhist or Hindu.<ref name="country study"/> The four largest tribes are [[Chakma people|Chakmas]], Marmas, Tipperas and Mros. Smaller groups include the Santals in Rajshahi and Dinajpur, and Khasis, Garos, and Khajons in Mymensingh and Sylhet regions.<ref name="country study"/>

There are small communities of [[Meitei people|Meitei]] people in the Sylhet district, which is close to the Meitei homeland across the border in [[Manipur]], India.

There is a small population of [[Rohingya]] refugees from [[Myanmar]] near the border in the southeast. There are 28,000 living in two UN refugee camps in [[Cox's Bazaar]] as well as some 200,000 "unregistered people of concern" living outside of the camps.<ref>[http://www.unhcr.org/cgi-bin/texis/vtx/page?page=49e487546 2010 Regional Operations Profile - South-East Asia], [[UNHCR]], 2010.</ref>
The refugee crisis originated in the early 1990s when the first wave numbering some 250,000 of the predominantly Muslim ethnic group fled persecution from their home in Rakhaine—Myanmar's western-most state. Bangladesh seeks to repatriate the refugees back to Myanmar.<ref>[http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gAUv3NW-WgdhhVGoQX3y7xbRroTw Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh refuse repatriation], [[Agence France-Presse|AFP]], Dec 30, 2009.</ref>

==Language==
{{Main|Languages of Bangladesh}}
* Official language: [[Bengali language|Bengali]] (also known as Bangla)
* Dialects: [[Chittagonian language|Chittagonian]], [[Sylheti language|Sylheti]] and [[Noakhali language|Noakhali]] (all regarded as languages in their own right)
* Tribal languages:  [[Khasi-Jainta]], [[Bishnupriya Manipuri]], [[Arakanese language|Arakanese]], [[Chakma language|Chakma]], [[Garo language|Garo]], [[Ho language|Ho]], [[Kokborok]] and [[Kurukh language|Kurukh]]
* Other languages: [[English language|English]] ''(spoken and known widely in upper-class & politics)'', [[Arabic language|Arabic]] ''( sometimes spoken and known by many Muslims, due to Islam being the primary religion)'', [[Urdu]] ''(understood by some, and spoken by [[Biharis]])'

==Religion==
:''See also: [[Islam in Bangladesh]], [[Hinduism in Bangladesh]], [[Buddhism in Bangladesh]], [[Christianity in Bangladesh]]''

[[Image:Bangladesh religions.png|right|350px]]

According to the 2001 census, the religious profile of the population is: [[Islam]] 89.7%, [[Hinduism]] 9.2%, [[Buddhism]] 0.7%, [[Christianity]] 0.3% and others (such as [[Animists]] and non-religious) 0.1%.<ref>[http://www.banbeis.gov.bd/bd_pro.htm] Bangladesh Bureau of Educational Information and Statistics (BANBEIS)</ref> The majority of the Muslims are [[Sunni]] consisting of 95% of the Muslim population, and the remaining are [[Shi'a]] and other sects.{{Citation needed|date=February 2010}}

==Genetics==
Bangladesh has the world's highest frequency of the [[Haplogroup M (mtDNA)|M]] form of [[mitochondrial DNA]]. This genetic variant spans many continents, and is the single most common mtDNA haplogroup in [[Asia]].<ref>Ghezzi et al. (2005), [http://www.nature.com/ejhg/journal/v13/n6/full/5201425a.html Mitochondrial DNA haplogroup K is associated with a lower risk of Parkinson's disease in Italians], European Journal of Human Genetics (2005) 13, 748–752.</ref> In [[Bangladesh]] it represents about 83% of maternal lineages.<ref name="Metspalu">[http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2156-5-26.pdf Mait Metspalu et al., ''Most of the extant mtDNA boundaries in South and Southwest Asia were likely shaped during the initial settlement of Eurasia by anatomically modern humans''. BMC Genetics, 2004]</ref>

==Education==
Literacy
:Definition: age 15 and over can read and write
:Total population: 43.1%
:Male: 53.9%
:Female: 31.8% (2003 est.)

Education expenditures
:2.7% of GDP (2005)
:''country comparison to the world:'' 151

==See also==
*[[Bangladeshi society]]

==References==
*{{CIA World Factbook|year=2011}}
*{{StateDept}}

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{{reflist}}

{{Bangladesh topics}}
{{Asia in topic|Demographics of}}
{{Asia topic|Ethnic groups in}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Demographics Of Bangladesh}}
[[Category:Demographics of Bangladesh| ]]
[[Category:Bangladeshi society]]

[[pt:Bangladesh#Demografia]]