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== Puerto Rico’s Political Status and the 2012 Plebiscite: Background and Key Questions - Congressional Research Service CRS Report ==

[[Congressional Research Service]] Congressional Research Service (CRS) Report


[http://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42765.pdf Puerto Rico’s Political Status and the 2012 Plebiscite: Background and Key Questions]

== Governor of Puerto Rico Letter to the President -  Official Results of the Puerto Rico Political Status Plebiscite  Congressman Pierluisi on the Congress Inform the Congress ==

[https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B0OdMdvVGyuHOC03cEVlR0xnOFU/edit?pli=1  Governor of Puerto Rico Letter to the President -  Official Results of the 2012 Puerto Rico Political Status Plebiscite]

[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMxgF_55iZc Congressman Pierluisi on the Congress oficially informing the results of the 2012 Plebiscite]

== Format for November 6, 2012 results ==

'''Percentage of Total Turnout'''<br />
100.0%   =   1,878,969 voters. (=78.2% of 2,402,941 registered voters.)<br />
'''Keep current status, Yes or No.'''	<br />
44.1%   =    828,077   Yes Votes <br />
51.7%   =     970,910    No Votes<br />
4.3%    =     79,982     Didn't choose yes or no<br />
'''Choose type of status.'''<br />
44.4%    =    834,191    Statehood Votes<br />
24.2%    =    454,768    Sovereign Free Association with U.S<br />
4.0%      =   74,895    Independence Votes<br />
27.4%     =   515,115    Didn't choose any of above<br />

I think the above is more comprehensive because everyone that participated in the election and asked what they think are counted.
[[Special:Contributions/99.36.23.236|99.36.23.236]] ([[User talk:99.36.23.236|talk]]) 18:00, 4 February 2013 (UTC)

==Results==
Some editors have changed the results to show the blank ballots counted within the percentage for the second option. This is not how referendum results should be presented - percentages should only be calculated based on the valid votes - this is how reliable psephologist sources present such information.

The official results from CEEPUR use this correct format - see [http://64.185.222.182/REYDI_Escrutinio12/index.html#es/default/OPCIONES_NO_TERRITORIALES_ISLA.xml their website]. This is repeated by reliable sources such as the [http://www.sudd.ch/event.php?lang=en&id=pr042012 Direct Democracy], the best source around for referendums. The [http://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R42765.pdf Congressional Research Service] specifically states that "The certified results list 498,604 “blank votes,” but do not include them when calculating percentages listed in the final results."). [[User:Number 57|<font color="orange">Number</font>]] [[User talk:Number 57|<font color="green">5</font>]][[Special:Contributions/Number 57|<font color="blue">7</font>]] 10:28, 21 August 2014 (UTC)
*PS, I noticed the reference to [[Crimean status referendum, 2014]] in the edit summary. This article is also wrong, but I note that it is the target of some serious nationalist edit wars, so I was going to wait until the fuss had died down to correct it. [[User:Number 57|<font color="orange">Number</font>]] [[User talk:Number 57|<font color="green">5</font>]][[Special:Contributions/Number 57|<font color="blue">7</font>]] 10:37, 21 August 2014 (UTC)

::Please provide us a policy that states that, "This is not how referendum results should be presented - percentages should only be calculated based on the valid votes." Anyone can swing a referendum to favor a desired outcome by fooling outsiders. 25% of voters left the ballot in blank in protest. There was no "[[none of the above]]" option; this shows you how the outcome was premeditated. It was not a mere 1% that left the ballots blank. Twenty six motherfucking percent did. That's ''extraordinary''. CEEPUR must follow the local law but in Wikipedia we adhere to [[WP:NPOV]] and it's obvious that if we follow the letter of the law in this case rather than the interpretation of the law, we would be pushing a biased agenda favoring statehood.
::Let me give you an example: if I were to ask people, "Do you want to die?" Most people would answer, "No." But if in a second question I asked, "If you were to live forever how you would prefer to live: sick for the rest of your life, dismembered, deaf, or blind in one eye?" Most people would choose, "blind in one eye" but is this really a fair question? Where is the option for, "jesus I don't want to live forever in any of those conditions!" Since there's no such option on the ballot some people would leave the ballot blank in protest for the lack of "none of the above".
:: Here are several sources that explain this phenomena:
{{quotation |''[http://www.nydailynews.com/news/national/gonzalez-puerto-rico-complex-statehood-vote-article-1.1201608 New York Daily News]'':

And the results were: 809,000 votes for statehood, only 73,000 for independence, and 441,000 for sovereign free association.

So a majority wants Puerto Rico to be the 51st state, right?

'''Not exactly. More than <u>470,000 people cast blank ballots in protest of the second part of the referendum</u>''', following a recommendation from the pro-commonwealth Popular Democratic Party.

So <u>statehood did not actually receive 61% of the vote</u> — until you ignore the nearly half a million people who cast blank ballots. If you factor in that protest vote, statehood garnered 45%, a result that’s virtually unchanged from previous referendums in 1993 and 1998.}}

{{quotation|[http://www.businessweek.com/ap/2012-11-07/puerto-ricans-opt-for-statehood-in-referendum Associated Press]:

But Tuesday's vote comes with an asterisk and an imposing political reality: The island remains bitterly divided over its relationship to the United States and many question the validity of this week's referendum.

<u>Nearly a half million voters chose to leave a portion of the ballot blank.</u>}}

{{quotation|[http://www.referendum.ed.ac.uk/the-plebiscite-on-puerto-ricos-constitutional-status-determining-puerto-ricos-future/ University of Edinburgh]:

Among the choices offered by the second question, federalism received 61%, sovereign ELA 33.3%, and independence 5.5%, <u>but there were 480,918 blank votes, so if those votes were to be counted, '''federalism received only 46% of the vote'''</u>.}}

{{quotation|[http://nbclatino.com/2013/08/01/puerto-rico-leaders-speak-in-u-s-senate-on-referendum-islands-political-future/ NBC]:

Voters were asked two questions: the first asked if people favored the current status as a commonwealth or not, and the second listed the alternatives. The status options included becoming a state, and total independence. <u>'''The White House, however, said the vote was unclear''' because 466,000 people did not specify a preference on an alternative status</u>, primarily because the current commonwealth option was left out.}}

{{quotation|[http://nbclatino.com/2012/12/03/white-house-puerto-rico-status-position-not-clear-from-plebiscite/ NBC]:

White House spokesperson Jay Carney was asked today whether President Barack Obama intends to support a push for Puerto Rican statehood following plebiscite results in the island.  Carney explained that <u>the administration did '''not''' feel the plebiscite’s results were clear</u>.

“This administration, as you know, is committed to the principle that the question of political status is a matter of self-determination for the people of Puerto Rico,”  said Carney.  He explained the results show Puerto Ricans do want a resolution to the status issue — about 54 percent of Puerto Ricans voted for a status change — but “I think {{underline|the outcome was a little less clear than that '''because of the process itself'''}},” Carney said.}}

:: As we must adhere to NPOV, we must present the facts "as is" and leave them to interpretation to our own readers. We just say: "hey statehood got these many numbers, independence these many, and blank or invalid got these many." That's it. Saying that statehood got 61% is equivocal and pushes an agenda. Laws are laws. When laws are unfair people protest against them. That's what they did. The party in power found a flaw and ran a referendum to favor their agenda. Puerto Ricans didn't have any tool against it except leaving the ballot blank ''intentionally'' to show the whole world that a significant minority of Puerto Ricans didn't consider the ballot fair.

:: A vote is a deliberate act towards a desired outcome. 25% of voters deliberately wanted to show to the world that they didn't agree with the options given on the second question. They casted a vote by leaving the ballot blank intentionally.

:: We have provided reliable sources to back up this argument. &mdash;[[User:Ahnoneemoos|Ahnoneemoos]] ([[User talk:Ahnoneemoos|talk]]) 14:42, 21 August 2014 (UTC)
:::In response to your first query about how referendum results are presented, I provided the Direct Democracy link, but if you want other reliable or academic sources, try the [http://www.electionguide.org/elections/id/2457/ IFES] or one of the [http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=BVFBXa69tWMC&lpg=PA3&ots=3vksKwYg3b&dq=nohlen%20elections%20in%20asia&pg=PA254#v=onepage&q=254&f=false Nohlen books]. You'll see that the total of the options given always adds up to 100%. Blank or invalid ballots do not count towards the percentages.
::::But anyway, I agree that we must present the facts as is, and as I demonstrated CEEPUR give the results using the standard method of calculation. Blank votes are not being excluded, as they are still included in the results table, and should definitely be referred to in the text along the lines you state above. However, they do not contribute to the %s given to the different options - this is not an NPOV issue, it is standard psephology. Cheers, [[User:Number 57|<font color="orange">Number</font>]] [[User talk:Number 57|<font color="green">5</font>]][[Special:Contributions/Number 57|<font color="blue">7</font>]] 15:26, 21 August 2014 (UTC)
::::PS - please could you keep your response down to a readable level, as the wall of text above is [[WP:TLDR]]. Less than half a screen would be helpful. Thanks, [[User:Number 57|<font color="orange">Number</font>]] [[User talk:Number 57|<font color="green">5</font>]][[Special:Contributions/Number 57|<font color="blue">7</font>]] 15:26, 21 August 2014 (UTC)
:::::I would appreciate if someone were to summarize what exactly is the complaint here. I am unfortunately having a hard time understanding what is being proposed here. <span style="text-shadow:grey 0.1em 0.1em 0.2em; class=texhtml">[[User:Feedback|<big><font color="#039">'''''Feed'''''</big>]][[Special:Contributions/Feedback|<big><font color="#008000">'''''back'''''</big>]] <big><sup>[[User talk:Feedback|'''☎''']]</sup></big></span> 17:05, 21 August 2014 (UTC)
::::::Please get accustomed with [[WP:IDIDNTHEARTHAT]]. You are completely missing the point. You have failed to provide a reliable source that states that "statehood got 61% of the vote". Period. You have been provided several reliable sources that clearly state that the results are unclear and that one cannot and should not simply state that "statehood got the majority". 

:::::: Here, from your beloved Democracy Now: [http://www.democracynow.org/2012/11/8/puerto_rico_referendum_approves_us_statehood]:

{{quotation|But then, there was a second stage, which said, "Which status would you prefer?" And there were—in essence, the choices were statehood, which has always been a choice on these referenssdums, a new definition called free—a "sovereign free associated state," and not the commonwealth that now exists, but some nebulous new entity called "sovereign free associated state," or independence. So there were three choices. And you had about 800,000 people voted for statehood, and 437,000 voted for this free associated sovereign state, <u>but another 468,000 cast blank ballots</u>, and then you had 72,000 voted for independence. <u>So when the reports are telling you that statehood won, statehood won a majority of those who cast a choice, '''but there was a huge number who voted no,''' because the Commonwealth Party, the existing Commonwealth Party in Puerto Rico, opposed the way that the pro-statehood governor had prepared the referendum, and so it urged its members '''to cast blank ballots'''.</u> So there were actually four choices that were made there. There was those who went for statehood, those who went for the new free associated republic—or, I’m sorry, free associated state with sovereignty, those who went for the old commonwealth, and those who went for independence. So, the independence people—I mean, the statehood people say, for the first time, statehood has gotten a majority in any of these referendums, but the—those on the other side say, no, when you add up free associated states, the blank ballots and [inaudible], they overwhelmingly defeated statehood.}}

::::::I would appreciate if you form an argument based on something else besides, "but this is standard psephology". Well guess what? This referendum was not standard. It didn't have an against all option. It deviated from the standard, hence its results deviated from the standard as well. See also [[Singaporean national referendum, 1962]]. Same thing happened there. &mdash;[[User:Ahnoneemoos|Ahnoneemoos]] ([[User talk:Ahnoneemoos|talk]]) 17:16, 21 August 2014 (UTC)
{{outdent}} In response to {{ping|Feedback}} in basic terms, referendum results are ordinarily shown as in the first table below, which CEEPUR and Direct Democracy do. However Ahnoneemoos wants to present them as in table 2 so that it highlights the number of blank votes. As well as being incorrect by normal standards, I believe it is also an NPOV violation, as it is deliberately showing results in an unusual format to highlight something he wants to. [[User:Number 57|<font color="orange">Number</font>]] [[User talk:Number 57|<font color="green">5</font>]][[Special:Contributions/Number 57|<font color="blue">7</font>]] 17:22, 21 August 2014 (UTC)
{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
!Choice
!Votes
!%
|-
|align=left|State||834,191||61.16
|-
|align=left|Free association||454,768||33.34
|-
|align=left|Independence||74,895||5.49
|-
|align=left|'''Total valid votes'''||'''1,363,854'''||'''100'''
|-
!colspan=3|
|-
|align=left|Valid votes||1,363,854||72.59
|-
|align=left|Blank votes||498,604||26.54
|-
|align=left|Invalid votes||17,157||0.91
|-
|align=left|Total votes cast||1,878,969||100
|-
|align=left|Registered voters/turnout||2,402,941||78.19
|}

{| class=wikitable style=text-align:right
!Choice
!Votes
!%
|-
|align=left|State||834,191||44.40
|-
|align=left|Free association||454,768||24.20
|-
|align=left|Independence||74,895||3.99
|-
|align=left|Blank votes||498,604||26.54
|-
|align=left|Invalid votes||17,157||0.91
|-
|align=left|Total votes cast||1,878,969||100
|-
|align=left|Registered voters/turnout||2,402,941||78.19
|}

In response to {{ping|Ahnoneemoos}} bizarre claim that I "have failed to provide a reliable source that states that "statehood got 61% of the vote"", I already have provided the links to [http://64.185.222.182/REYDI_Escrutinio12/index.html#es/default/OPCIONES_NO_TERRITORIALES_ISLA.xml CEEPUR's official results] and [http://www.sudd.ch/event.php?lang=en&id=pr042012 Direct Democracy], which both show statehood getting 61% of the vote. I also have never made any reference to Democracy Now, so I have no idea why you are describing them as "your beloved". Perhaps you are thinking of a dispute you are having with someone else elsewhere? [[User:Number 57|<font color="orange">Number</font>]] [[User talk:Number 57|<font color="green">5</font>]][[Special:Contributions/Number 57|<font color="blue">7</font>]] 17:22, 21 August 2014 (UTC)
:But thank you for pointing out the incorrect results on the Singaporean article - I have presented them as given in the quoted source on that page. You may also want to read up on [[WP:CANVASS]] given your non-neutral request [[Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Puerto_Rico#Puerto_Rican_status_referendum|here]]. Cheers, [[User:Number 57|<font color="orange">Number</font>]] [[User talk:Number 57|<font color="green">5</font>]][[Special:Contributions/Number 57|<font color="blue">7</font>]] 17:29, 21 August 2014 (UTC)
::For the record, both of you are writing way too many consecutive paragraphs that makes your discussion hard to follow. You realize that you both just wrote massive discussion the size of an RFA to discuss changing a number, right?  In any case, I finally understand the issue as it seems to solely be about the table. Here's what I gather. Ahnoneemoos believes that because the referendum was biased in design, that the results should reflect the people's rejection of said referendum. I cannot help but disagree. The results of the referendum must be reported as they were. While I understand that those who did not agree with the referendum's design had no choice but to not vote, you just can't count them. If the referendum had asked "Apples or Oranges", you can't count the grape votes for either. By dividing the yes, between the totals of all votes and non-votes, you are tainting the results. This isn't just pesphology, it's basic mathematics. However, I think a compromise is in order. The fact that these votes were left blank and can have other interpretations is notable for inclusion in the article. The "Criticism" section is very small right now, and I think it could be expanded to include the interpretation of the results that Ahnoneemoos has reliably sourced. <span style="text-shadow:grey 0.1em 0.1em 0.2em; class=texhtml">[[User:Feedback|<big><font color="#039">'''''Feed'''''</big>]][[Special:Contributions/Feedback|<big><font color="#008000">'''''back'''''</big>]] <big><sup>[[User talk:Feedback|'''☎''']]</sup></big></span> 17:43, 21 August 2014 (UTC)
:::Yes, that's basically what I suggested in an earlier response - the results should be presented as standard, and the unusually high number of blank ballots discussed in the text of the article. [[User:Number 57|<font color="orange">Number</font>]] [[User talk:Number 57|<font color="green">5</font>]][[Special:Contributions/Number 57|<font color="blue">7</font>]] 17:48, 21 August 2014 (UTC)
::::I think another table would be beneficial to the readers' understanding of the criticism section. What we should do is include "Ballot" + "Results" + "Criticism" sections, in that order. After explaining the design of the ballot and the results, we can show the criticism section showing an alternate table, or perhaps even a comparison chart as was shown in many newspapers in Puerto Rico. <span style="text-shadow:grey 0.1em 0.1em 0.2em; class=texhtml">[[User:Feedback|<big><font color="#039">'''''Feed'''''</big>]][[Special:Contributions/Feedback|<big><font color="#008000">'''''back'''''</big>]] <big><sup>[[User talk:Feedback|'''☎''']]</sup></big></span> 17:54, 21 August 2014 (UTC)
::::* Please provide us with reliable sources that state that "statehood got 61% of the results". I have provided several reliable sources that state unequivocally that the results are unclear. We cannot take any sides here. We must abide to NPOV and show the results "as is": x number for statehood, x number for the others, and x number for blank ballots. Period. &mdash;[[User:Ahnoneemoos|Ahnoneemoos]] ([[User talk:Ahnoneemoos|talk]]) 18:13, 21 August 2014 (UTC)

* This is not what we are discussing. We are discussing [https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Puerto_Rican_status_referendum,_2012&diff=622177668&oldid=622160867 your revert on the infobox]. [https://en.wikipedia.org/enwiki/w/index.php?title=Puerto_Rican_status_referendum,_2012&diff=622160867&oldid=620826048 The infobox we had] was neutral and does not take any sides. It simply states: "this is what happened" without asserting anything. Your revert is biased as it asserts visually that statehood got a majority of the votes, when it clearly did not. You cannot show statehood getting 61% of the votes in a graph when that's not what happened. That would give a majority to statehood. Take into account the blank votes and you will see that statehood did not get a majority greater than 50%. I would also like you to re-read what I posted on WP:PUR and notice that I very clearly said, "Please provide your input, <u>whatever it may be</u>". How dare you accuse me of posting a non-neutral request? &mdash;[[User:Ahnoneemoos|Ahnoneemoos]] ([[User talk:Ahnoneemoos|talk]]) 18:13, 21 August 2014 (UTC)
::This really isn't about perception. The polls were designed in a way that excluded a popular opinion. That is unfortunate, but there's no point in editing the results. The official results that he posted are the official results. To abstain from a vote, is to abstain from calculation. If a group of 10 people, 3 vote yes, 3 vote no, and 4 abstain, that's not 30% approval, that's 50%. This is basic, and while I agree with your assertion that the poll is biased, we have to represent the result of the question. The government already issued their official results which Number 57 sourced above. Any other alternate interpretation is just that, an alternate interpretation, and should be included in another section. The infobox you are choosing to keep in the article was not the poll's  intended interpretation, and is in fact, mathematically incorrect. You do not include the number of blank ballots in vote totals. That is just unethical. The number of blank ballots are notable so the reader can ''make their judgment on the validity of the poll's results''. But the actual results should not be tampered with. <span style="text-shadow:grey 0.1em 0.1em 0.2em; class=texhtml">[[User:Feedback|<big><font color="#039">'''''Feed'''''</big>]][[Special:Contributions/Feedback|<big><font color="#008000">'''''back'''''</big>]] <big><sup>[[User talk:Feedback|'''☎''']]</sup></big></span> 18:58, 21 August 2014 (UTC)
::P.S. You accusation that I edited your post is unfounded, and I deserve an immediate apology. I did not touch your words or removed any data you added to the page. On the contrary, you removed a perfectly good collapsable box that *I* added to preserve the flow of conversation. You're the one who touched my entries into this talk page. Next time you want to revert *my contribution*, you should ask. <span style="text-shadow:grey 0.1em 0.1em 0.2em; class=texhtml">[[User:Feedback|<big><font color="#039">'''''Feed'''''</big>]][[Special:Contributions/Feedback|<big><font color="#008000">'''''back'''''</big>]] <big><sup>[[User talk:Feedback|'''☎''']]</sup></big></span> 18:58, 21 August 2014 (UTC)