View source for High-speed rail in China

{{hatnote|For rail transport in China generally, see [[Rail transport in China]]. For the high-speed rail service operated by China Railway, see [[China Railway High-speed]] (CRH).}}
{{multiple image
| align     = right
| direction = vertical
| header    = High-speed rail (HSR) trains in China
| header_align = left/right/center
| header_background =rail lines with top speeds of 1,040
| footer    = 
| footer_align = left/right/center
| footer_background = 
| width     = 
| image2    = CRH2C & CRH3C 200808.jpg
| width2    = 250
| alt2      = 
| caption2  = A [[China Railways CRH2|CRH2]]C (left) and a [[China Railways CRH3|CRH3]]C (right) train in Tianjin. The CRH2 is a modified [[E2 Series Shinkansen|E2-1000 Series]] [[Shinkansen]]. The CRH3 is based on [[Siemens]]' [[ICE 3|ICE3]] (Class / Baureihe 403).
| image3    = China Railways CRH5 at Qinhuangdao Railway Station 20090810.jpg
| width3    = 250
| alt3      = 
| caption3  = An eight-car [[China Railways CRH5]] train-set. The CRH5 is derived from the [[Alstom]] [[Pendolino]] [[ETR600]].
| image4    = CRH380Afromshanghai.jpg
| width4    = 250
| alt4      = 
| caption4  = Chinese designed [[China Railways CRH380A|CRH380A]] train leaving Shanghai's [[Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station|Hongqiao Station]].
| image5    = Picture-4.jpg
| width5    = 250
| alt5      = 
| caption5  = [[Shanghai Maglev Train]] connecting the [[Shanghai Pudong International Airport]] with the city
}}
{{Chinese|s=中国高速铁路|t=中國高速鐵路|p=Zhōngguó Gāosù Tiělù|order=st}}

'''[[High-speed rail]] (HSR) in [[China]]''' refers to any railway in China with commercial train service at the speed of {{convert|200|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} or higher as internationally recognized. China has the world's [[High-speed rail by country#High Speed Rail by Country|longest HSR network]] with over {{convert|19000|km|mi|abbr=on}} of track in service as of January 2016, which is more than the rest of the world's high-speed rail tracks combined, and a network length of {{convert|30,000|km|mi|abbr=on}} is planned for 2020.<ref name=length>{{cite news|title=China to build 30,000 kilometers high-speed railways by 2020|url=http://english.cntv.cn/2016/01/12/VIDExvHxQhfEiwLpNyD5zQIX160112.shtml|publisher=CCTV}}</ref> 

Since high-speed rail service in China was introduced on April 18, 2007, daily ridership has grown from 237,000 in 2007<ref>{{cite web|url=http://tjb.jingdezhen.gov.cn/html/dzzs/337.html |title=铁道部：中国高铁已累计安全运送旅客6亿多人次-大众之声-景德镇铁路建设办公室 |publisher=Tjb.jingdezhen.gov.cn |accessdate=2011-08-14}}</ref> to 2.49 million in 2014,<ref name = "IRJ">{{cite web|url=http://finance.people.com.cn/stock/n/2015/0130/c67815-26478015.html |title=铁路2014年投资8088亿元 超额完成全年计划|publisher=人民网 |date=2015-01-30 |accessdate=2015-01-30}}</ref> making the Chinese HSR network the most heavily used in the world.<ref name="fc2web">{{cite web|url=http://whhh.fc2web.com/ktx/hikaku.html |title=KTX vs 新幹線 徹底比較 |work=Whhh.fc2web.com |date=2012-06-01 |accessdate=2015-10-17}}</ref><ref name="thechinaperspective">{{cite web|url=http://www.thechinaperspective.com/articles/chinahighspeedr-9905/ |title=China High Speed Train Development and Investment |work=The China Perspective |date=2012-12-27 |accessdate=2015-10-17}}</ref> Cumulative ridership had reached 2.9 billion by October 2014.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Ollivier |first1= Gerald |last2=Bullock |first2=Richard |last3=Jing |first3=Yin |last4=Sondhri |first4=Jitendra |last5=Zhou |first5=Nanyan |url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-402875735.html |title=Chinese High-Speed: An Evaluation of Traffic |date=2015-02-01 |work=International Railway Journal |accessdate=2015-05-17 |subscription=yes |via=[[HighBeam Research]]}}</ref>

The nationwide HSR network, which extends to [[Provinces of China|28 of the country's 33 provinces and regions]]<ref>The exceptions being [[Yunnan]] ([[Changsha–Kunming High-Speed Railway|2016]]), [[Hong Kong]] ([[Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong Express Rail Link Hong Kong section|2018]]), and [[Ningxia]] (2020) with sections under construction; while there are no plans in the near future for high-speed rail in [[Tibet Autonomous Region|Tibet]] and [[Macau]].</ref>, consists mainly of [[Track (rail transport)|conventional track railways]] including upgraded mixed passenger and freight lines, newly built passenger designated lines (PDLs) and intercity lines.<ref>[http://www.globaltimes.cn/content/896819.shtml "High-speed rail a vital social good" ''Global Times''] 2014-12-15</ref>  Notable lines include the world's longest line, the {{convert|2298|km|mi|abbr=on}} [[Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong High-Speed Railway|Beijing–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway]] and the [[Shanghai Maglev Train|Shanghai Maglev]], the world's first high-speed commercial [[maglev|magnetic levitation (maglev)]] line.<ref>{{cite news|title=World's Longest Fast Train Line Opens in China|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/worlds-longest-fast-train-line-opens-china|work=Associated Press|accessdate=26 December 2012}}</ref> Nearly all high-speed rail lines and [[China Railway High-speed|rolling stock]] are owned and operated by the [[China Railway Corporation]], the state enterprise formerly known as the [[Ministry of Railways (China)|Railway Ministry]].

Over the past decade, the country has undergone an HSR building boom with generous funding from the Chinese government's [[China economic stimulus program|economic stimulus program]]. The pace of high-speed rail expansion slowed for a period in 2011 after the removal of [[Ministry of Railways (China)|Chinese Railways Minister]] [[Liu Zhijun]] for corruption and [[Wenzhou train collision|a fatal high-speed railway accident near Wenzhou]], but has since rebounded. Concerns about HSR safety, high ticket prices, low ridership, financial sustainability of high-speed rail projects and environmental impact have drawn greater scrutiny from the Chinese press.<ref name="ft.com">{{cite web|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/4cd5723e-6685-11e0-ac4d-00144feab49a.html?ftcamp=rss#axzz1Jn3JecpQ |title=China acts on high-speed rail safety fears|publisher=Financial Times|date=2011-04-14 |accessdate=2011-08-17}}</ref>

China's early high-speed trains were imported or built under [[technology transfer]] agreements with foreign train-makers including [[Alstom]], [[Siemens Mobility|Siemens]], [[Bombardier Transportation|Bombardier]] and [[Kawasaki Heavy Industries]]. Chinese engineers then re-designed internal train components and built [[CRH380A|indigenous trains]] that can reach operational speeds of up to {{convert|380|km/h|abbr=on}}.<ref name="news.xinhuanet.com">[http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/sci/2010-05/27/c_13319787.htm "China's fastest high speed train 380A rolls off production line" ''Xinhua''] 2010-05-27</ref><ref name="news.163.com">[http://news.163.com/10/1102/08/6KFIQNTS00014AED.html "时速380公里高速列车明年7月开行"] 2010-11-02</ref>

==History==
[[File:Asia Express (2).jpg|thumb|right|250px|The [[Asia Express]] steam locomotive, which operated commercially from 1934 to 1943 in [[Manchuria]] could reach {{convert|130|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} and was one of the fastest trains in Asia.]]

===Precursor===
The earliest example of higher-speed commercial train service in China was the [[Asia Express]], a luxury passenger train that operated in Japanese-controlled [[Manchuria]] from 1934 to 1943.<ref name="young">[http://books.google.com/books?id=6zbAE5Gs9zcC&pg=PA246&lpg=PA246&dq=%22asia+express%22+dalian+fastest+in+asia&source=bl&ots=ZaM9TE5HoP&sig=nBVQTsgiL01xITq1LsMCKm_7hrk&hl=en&sa=X&ei=PtGmU-iPGKrlsASD3IHYAw&ved=0CGkQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=%22asia%20express%22%20dalian%20fastest%20in%20asia&f=false Louise Young. ''Japan's Total Empire''. Berkeley: University of California Press] 1998. pp.246-7.</ref>  The [[steam locomotive|steam-powered train]], which ran on the [[Southern Manchuria Railway]] from [[Dalian]] to Xinjing ([[Changchun]]), had a top commercial speed of {{convert|110|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} and test speed of {{convert|130|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name="young"/>  It was faster than the fastest trains in Japan at the time. After the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, this train model was renamed the SL-7 and was used by the Chinese Minister of Railways.

===Early planning===
[[File:N595ncd80.JPG|thumb|left|250px|In the early 1990s, [[diesel locomotive]]s in China could attain a maximum speed of {{convert|120|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} on passenger trains. Here a N595 diesel locomotive is shown hauling passenger coaches on the [[Guangzhou–Sanshui Railway]] at [[Foshan]] in 2008.]]
State planning for China's current high-speed railway network began in the early 1990s. In December 1990, the [[Ministry of Railways of the People's Republic of China|Ministry of Railways (MOR)]] submitted a proposal to build a high-speed railway between Beijing and Shanghai to the [[National People's Congress]].<ref name=autogenerated4>(Chinese) [http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2008-04/18/content_947868.htm "京沪高速铁路的论证历程大事记"] Accessed 2010-10-04</ref>  At the time, the [[Beijing–Shanghai Railway]] was already at capacity, and the proposal was jointly studied by the [[Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China|Science & Technology Commission]], [[National Development and Reform Commission|State Planning Commission]], State Economic & Trade Commission, and the MOR.<ref name=autogenerated4/>  In December 1994, the [[State Council of the People's Republic of China|State Council]] commissioned a feasibility study for the line.<ref name=autogenerated4/>

Policy planners debated the necessity and economic viability of high-speed rail service. Supporters argued that high-speed rail would boost future economic growth. Opponents noted that high-speed rail in other countries were expensive and mostly unprofitable{{citation needed|date=December 2015}}. Overcrowding on existing rail lines, they said, could be solved by expanding capacity through higher speed and frequency of service. In 1995, Premier [[Li Peng]] announced that preparatory work on the Beijing Shanghai HSR would begin in the 9th [[Five-Year Plans of the People's Republic of China|Five Year Plan]] (1996–2000), but construction was not scheduled until the first decade of the 21st century.

===The "Speed Up" campaigns===
{{main|Campaign to raise the speed of railway travel in China}}
{{multiple image
| align     = right
| direction = horizontal
| header    = High-speed rail service on the [[Guangzhou–Shenzhen Railway]]
| header_align = left/right/center
| header_background =rail lines with top speeds of 1,040
| footer    = 
| footer_align = left/right/center
| footer_background = 
| width     = 
| image1    = Xinshisu.jpg
| width1    = 200
| alt1      = 
| caption1  = From 1998 until 2007 the [[Guangshen Railway Company]] operated a "Xinshisu" [[Sweden|Swedish]] [[SJ 2000]] high-speed train on the [[Guangshen Railway]] as the [[Guangdong Through Train]] from [[Zhaoqing railway station]] in [[Guangdong Province]] to [[Hung Hom Station]] in [[Hong Kong]]. The Xinshisu trainset was shipped back to Sweden in 2012.
| image3    = Guangshen Railway (Shenzhen section).jpg
| width3    = 185
| alt3      = 
| caption3  = In 2007, the [[Guangshen Railway]]  became the first in the country to have four tracks, allowing faster passenger train traffic (on dedicated tracks third and fourth from the right) to be separated from slower freight traffic (on tracks second and fifth from the right).}}

In 1993, [[Rail transport in the People's Republic of China|commercial train service in China]] averaged only {{convert|48|km/h|abbr=on}} and was steadily losing market share to [[List of airlines of the People's Republic of China|airline]] and highway travel on the country's expanding network of [[Expressways of China|expressways]].<ref>(Chinese) [http://mobile.dili360.com/tbch/2010/04071193.shtml 高铁时代 ''中国国家地理网''] 2010-04-07</ref><ref>By the mid-1990s, average train speed in China was about {{convert|60|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}. (Chinese) [http://bg.chineseembassy.org/eng/dtxw/t274660.htm "China plans five-year leap forward of railway development "] Accessed 2006-09-30</ref> The MOR focused modernization efforts on increasing the service speed and capacity on existing lines through [[Double track|double-tracking]], [[Railway electrification system|electrification]], improvements in [[Grade (slope)|grade]] (through tunnels and bridges), reductions in turn curvature, and installation of [[continuous welded rail]]. Through five rounds of [[Campaign to raise the speed of railway travel in China|"Speed-Up" campaigns]] in April 1997, October 1998, October 2000, November 2001, and April 2004, passenger service on {{convert|7700|km|abbr=on}} of existing tracks was upgraded to reach sub-high speeds of {{convert|160|km/h|abbr=on|sigfig=1}}.<ref>(Chinese) [http://news.sina.com.cn/z/chinarailwayts/ "中国铁道部六次大提速" ''Sina News Center''] Accessed 2010-10-04</ref>

A notable example is the [[Guangshen Railway|Guangzhou-Shenzhen Railway]], which in December 1994 became the first line in China to offer sub-high-speed service of {{convert|160|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} using domestically produced DF-class diesel locomotives. The line was electrified in 1998, and Swedish-made [[X 2000]] trains increased service speed to {{convert|200|km/h|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}. After the completion of a third track in 2000 and a fourth in 2007, the line became the first in China to run high-speed passenger and freight service on separate tracks.

The completion of the sixth round of the "Speed-Up" Campaign in April 2007 brought HSR service to more existing lines: {{convert|423|km|abbr=on}} capable of {{convert|250|km/h|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} train service and {{convert|3002|km|abbr=on}} capable of {{convert|200|km/h|abbr=on|sigfig=3}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.cctv.com/china/20070417/105210.shtml |title=(Chinese) |publisher=News.cctv.com |accessdate=2011-08-14}}</ref>{{#tag:ref|According to Xinhua News Agency, the aggregate results of the six “Speed Up Campaigns” were: boosting passenger train speed on {{convert|22000|km|mi|abbr=on}} of tracks to {{convert|120|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}, on {{convert|14000|km|mi|abbr=on}} of tracks to {{convert|160|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}, on {{convert|2876|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} of tracks to {{convert|200|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} and on {{convert|846|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} of tracks to {{convert|250|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite news|script-title=zh:中国高铁"十一五"发展纪实：驶向未来|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/observation/2010-09/26/c_12605899.htm|language=Chinese|date=2010-09-25|agency=Xinhua News Agency|accessdate=2015-05-09}}</ref> According to ''China Daily'', however, there were {{convert|6003|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} of tracks capable of {{convert|200|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} in April 2007.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Dingding|first=Xin|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-8871042.html|title=Bullet trains set to join fastest in the world|date=2007-04-18|newspaper=China Daily|accessdate=2015-05-09|subscription=yes|via=[[HighBeam Research]]}}</ref>|group="N"}} In all, travel speed increased on {{convert|22000|km|mi|abbr=on}}, or one-fifth, of the national rail network, and the average speed of passenger trains improved to {{convert|70|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}. The introduction of more non-stop service between large cities also helped to reduce travel time. The non-stop express train from Beijing to [[Fuzhou]] shortened travel time from 33.5 to less than 20 hours.<ref name=rj1/>
In addition to track and scheduling improvements, the MOR also deployed faster [[China Railway High-speed|CRH series]] trains. During the Sixth Railway Speed Up Campaign, 52 CRH trainsets ([[CRH1]], [[CRH2]] and [[CRH5]]) entered into operation. The new trains reduced travel time between Beijing and Shanghai by two hours to just under 10 hours.

Higher-speed express train service allowed more trains to share the tracks and improved rail transport capacity. But high-speed trains often have to share tracks with slower, heavy freight trains—in some cases with as little as 5 minutes headway.<ref name=rj1>[http://www.railjournal.com/A/xfeature2.html International Railway Journal – Rail And Rapid Transit Industry News Worldwide] {{wayback|url=http://www.railjournal.com/A/xfeature2.html |date=20070815025226 }}</ref>  To attain higher speeds and transport capacity, planners began to consider passenger-dedicated HSR lines on a grand scale.

===The conventional rail v. maglev debate===
The development of the HSR network in China was initially held up by a debate over the type of track technology to be used. In June 1998, at a State Council meeting with the [[Chinese Academy of Sciences|Chinese Academies of Sciences]] and [[Chinese Academy of Engineering|Engineering]], Premier [[Zhu Rongji]] asked whether the high-speed railway between Beijing and Shanghai still being planned could use [[maglev (transport)|maglev technology]].<ref>(Chinese)[http://www.dzwww.com/special/ts/jdf/200912/t20091230_5293551_2.htm] Accessed 2010-10-13</ref> At the time, planners were divided between using high-speed trains with wheels that run on conventional [[standard gauge]] tracks or magnetic levitation trains that run on special maglev tracks for a new national high-speed rail network.

Maglev received a big boost in 2000 when the [[Shanghai Municipal Government]] agreed to purchase a [[turnkey]] [[TransRapid]] train system from Germany for the {{convert|30.5|km|abbr=on}} rail link connecting [[Shanghai Pudong International Airport]] and the [[Shanghai|city]]. In 2004, the [[Shanghai Maglev Train]] became the world's first commercially operated high-speed maglev. It remains the fastest commercial train in the world with peak speeds of {{convert|431|km/h|abbr=on}} and makes the {{convert|30.5|km|mi|abbr=on}} trip in less than 7.5 minutes.
{{multiple image
| align     = center
| direction = horizontal
| header    = High-speed trains in China before the [[China Railway High-speed|CRH series]]
| header_align = left/right/center
| header_background =rail lines with top speeds of 1,040
| footer    = 
| footer_align = left/right/center
| footer_background = 
| width     = 
| image1    = SS8-0228 Guangzhou East 20100725.jpg
| width1    = 194
| alt1      = 
| caption1  = The [[China Railways SS8|China Railways SS8 (Shaoshan 8)]] [[electric locomotive]] was produced from 1996 to 2001 and provided sub-high-speed rail service. The train set a [[Fastest trains in China|Chinese rail speed record]] of {{convert|240|km/h|abbr=on}} in 1998.
| image3    = China Railways DJJ1.jpg
| width3    = 209
| alt3      = 
| caption3  = The domestically produced [[China Railways DJJ1|China Railways DJJ1 (Blue Arrow)]] train, first deployed on the [[Guangzhou-Shenzhen Railway]] in 2001, could attain a top speed of {{convert|235.6|km/h|abbr=on}}. The DJJ1 trains were transferred to lines in southwest China in 2008.
| image4    = Xianfeng High Speed Train.jpg
| width4    = 189
| alt4      = 
| caption4  = The China Railways DJF2 (Xianfeng) train was produced in 2001 and set a speed record of {{convert|292.8|km/h|abbr=on}} on September 10, 2002. The train operated in commercially on conventional rail lines in southwest China from 2007 to 2010.
| image5    = China Star.jpg
| width5    = 204
| alt5      = 
| caption5  = The domestically produced [[China Star|China Railways DJJ2 (China Star)]] high-speed train set speed record of {{convert|321|km/h|abbr=on}} on the [[Qinshen Passenger Railway]], and was used in commercial service briefly from 2006 to 2007 before it was abandoned in favor of imported high-speed train technology.
}}
[[File:A maglev train coming out, Pudong International Airport, Shanghai.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Shanghai Maglev Train]] running on a special maglev track, departing the [[Shanghai Pudong International Airport]]. The maglev train can reach a top speed of {{convert|431|km/h|abbr=on}}.]]
Despite unmatched advantage in speed, the maglev has not gained widespread use in China's high-speed rail network due to high cost, German refusal to share technology and concerns about safety. The price tag of the Shanghai Maglev was believed to be $1.3&nbsp;billion and was partially financed by the German government. The refusal of the Transrapid Consortium to share technology and source production in China made large-scale maglev production much more costly than high-speed train technology for conventional lines. Finally, residents living along the proposed maglev route have raised health concerns about noise and [[Electromagnetic radiation and health|electromagnetic radiation]] emitted by the trains, despite an environmental assessment by the Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences saying the line was safe.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2008/01/12/us-china-maglev-protest-idUSPEK32757920080112|title= 
Hundreds protest Shanghai maglev rail extension|date=Jan 12, 2008|journal=Reuters}}</ref> These concerns have prevented the construction of the proposed [[Shanghai-Hangzhou Maglev Train|extension of the maglev to Hangzhou]]. Even the more modest plan to extend the maglev to Shanghai's other airport, [[Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport|Hongqiao]], has stalled. Instead, [[Line 2, Shanghai Metro|a conventional subway line]] was built to connect the two airports, and a [[Shanghai–Hangzhou Passenger Railway|conventional high-speed rail line was built between Shanghai and Hangzhou]].

While maglev was drawing attention to Shanghai, conventional track HSR technology was being tested on the newly completed [[Qinshen Passenger Railway|Qinhuangdao-Shenyang Passenger Railway]]. This {{convert|405|km|abbr=on}} standard gauge, dual-track, electrified line was built between 1999 and 2003. In June 2002, a domestically made DJF2 train set a record of {{convert|292.8|km/h|abbr=on}} on the track. The [[China Star]] (DJJ2) train followed the same September with a new record of {{convert|321|km/h|abbr=on}}. The line supports commercial train service at speeds of {{convert|200|–|250|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}, and has become a segment of the rail corridor between Beijing and Northeast China. The Qinhuangdao-Shenyang Line showed the greater compatibility of HSR on conventional track with the rest of China's standard gauge rail network.

In 2004, the State Council in its ''Mid-to-Long Term Railway Development Plan'', adopted conventional track HSR technology over maglev for the Beijing–Shanghai High Speed Railway and three other north-south high-speed rail lines. This decision ended the debate and cleared the way for rapid construction of standard gauge, passenger dedicated HSR lines in China.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/200401/16/eng20040116_132743.shtml |title=Rail track beats Maglev in Beijing–Shanghai High Speed Railway |work=People's Daily  |date=2004-01-18 |accessdate=2011-10-17}}</ref><ref name = China2>{{cite web|url=http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/beijing/ |title=Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Line, China |publisher=Railway-technology.com |date=2011-06-15 |accessdate=2011-10-17}}</ref>

===Acquisition of foreign technology===
{{multiple image
| header = First generation of CRH train sets
| header align = center
| align     = right
| direction = horizontal
| image1    = Upptåget bild 14.JPG
| width1    = 145
| caption1  = [[Regina (train)|Regina]]
| image2    = CRH1 EMU Head.jpg
| width2    = 140
| caption2  = [[CRH1]]}}
{{multiple image
| align     = right
| direction = horizontal
| image1    = Nagano-Shinkansen-Nagano-Station-C5211.jpg
| width1    = 150
| caption1  = [[E2 Series Shinkansen]]
| image2    = CRH2-011A.JPG
| width2    = 135
| caption2  = [[CRH2]]}}
{{multiple image
| align     = right
| direction = horizontal
| image1    = ICE_3_Oberhaider-Wald-Tunnel.jpg
| width1    = 145
| caption1  = [[ICE 3|ICE3/Velaro]]
| image2    = Cnice3.jpg
| width2    = 140
| caption2  = [[CRH3]]}}
{{multiple image
| align     = right
| direction = horizontal
| image1    = Etr 600 pendolino frecciargento.jpg
| width1    = 160
| caption1  = [[New Pendolino]]
| image2    = Crh5 in Shenzhen.jpg
| width2    = 125
| caption2  = [[CRH5]]}}
Despite setting speed records on test tracks, the DJJ2, DJF2 and other domestically produced high-speed trains were insufficiently reliable for commercial operation.<ref name=Xinhua1>(Chinese) [http://news.xinhuanet.com/globe/2010-03/04/content_13096289.htm "中国式高铁的诞生与成长" ''Xinhua''] March 4, 2010</ref>  The State Council turned to advanced technology abroad but made clear in directives that China's HSR expansion cannot only benefit foreign economies.<ref name=Xinhua1 />  China's expansion must also be used to develop its own high-speed train building capacity through technology transfers. The State Council, MOR and state-owned train builders, the [[China CNR Corporation|China North Car (CNR)]] and [[China South Locomotive and Rolling Stock Industry (Group) Corporation|China South Car (CSR)]] used China's large market and competition among foreign train-makers to induce{{vague|date=June 2015}} technology transfers.{{clarify|date=June 2015}}

In 2003, the MOR was believed to favor Japan's [[Shinkansen]] technology, especially the [[700 Series Shinkansen|700 series]].<ref name=Xinhua1 />  The Japanese government touted the 40-year track record of the Shinkansen and offered favorable financing. A Japanese report envisioned a winner-take all scenario in which the winning technology provider would supply China's trains for over {{convert|8000|km|mi|abbr=on}} of high-speed rail.<ref>(Chinese) [http://www.qianlong.com/2955/2003/08/06/53@1525197.htm "日本等待中国'求婚'"] 2003-08-06</ref>  However, Chinese citizens angry with Japan's [[Japanese war crimes|World War II atrocities]] organized a web campaign to oppose the awarding of HSR contracts to Japanese companies. The protests gathered over a million signatures and politicized the issue.<ref>[http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2005/apr/17/china.japan "Violence flares as the Chinese rage at Japan" ''Guardian''] 2005-04-17</ref>  The MOR delayed the decision, broadened the bidding and adopted a diversified approach to adopting foreign high-speed train technology.

In June 2004, the MOR solicited bids to make 200 high-speed train sets that can run {{convert|200|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}.<ref name=Xinhua1 /> [[Alstom]] of France, [[Siemens Mobility|Siemens]] of Germany, [[Bombardier Transportation]] based in Germany and a Japanese consortium led by [[Kawasaki Heavy Industries|Kawasaki]] all submitted bids. With the exception of Siemens which refused to lower its demand of [[Renminbi|RMB(¥)]] 350 million per train set and €390&nbsp;million for the technology transfer, the other three were all awarded portions of the contract.<ref name=Xinhua1 /> All had to adapt their HSR train-sets to China's own common standard and assemble units through local [[joint ventures|joint ventures (JV)]] or cooperate with Chinese manufacturers. Bombardier, through its joint venture with CSR's [[Sifang Locomotive and Rolling Stock Company|Sifang Locomotive and Rolling Stock Co (CSR Sifang)]], Bombardier Sifang (Qingdao) Transportation Ltd (BST). won an order for 40 eight-car train sets based on Bombardier's [[Regina (train)|Regina]] design.<ref>[http://www.bombardier.com/en/transportation/products-services/rail-vehicles/high-speed-trains/crh1---china?docID=0901260d80021246 "High speed Train CRH1 – China" ''Bombardier''] Accessed 2010-08-14</ref>  These trains, designated [[CRH1]]A, were delivered in 2006. Kawasaki won an order for 60 train sets based on its [[E2 Series Shinkansen]] for ¥9.3&nbsp;billion.<ref>[http://www.khi.co.jp/sharyo/topic_final/oct_2004.html "Kawasaki Wins High-Speed Train Order for China"] 2004–10 {{wayback|url=http://www.khi.co.jp/sharyo/topic_final/oct_2004.html |date=20080608194826 }}</ref>  Of the 60 train sets, three were directly delivered from [[Nagoya]], Japan, six were kits assembled at [[CSR Sifang Co Ltd.|CSR Sifang Locomotive & Rolling Stock]], and the remaining 51 were made in China using transferred technology with domestic and imported parts.<ref>[http://www.forbes.com/2009/10/26/china-japan-bullet-train-business-logistics-high-speed-rail.html "How Japan Profits From China's Plans" ''Forbes''] 2009-10-26</ref>  They are known as [[CRH2]]A. Alstom also won an order for 60 train sets based on the [[New Pendolino]] developed by Alstom-[[Fiat Ferroviaria|Ferroviaria]] in Italy. The order had a similar delivery structure with three shipped directly from [[Savigliano]] along with six kits assembled by CNR's [[Changchun Railway Vehicles]], and the rest locally made with transferred technology and some imported parts.<ref>(Chinese) [http://news.chineserailways.com/Html/25/200911/20091118095821.html "CRH5型动车组详细资料" ''中国铁路网''] 2009-11-18</ref>  Trains with Alstom technology carry the [[CRH5]] designation.

The following year, Siemens reshuffled its bidding team, lowered prices, joined the bidding for {{convert|350|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} trains and won a 60-train set order.<ref name=Xinhua1 />  It supplied the technology for the [[CRH3]]C, based on the [[ICE 3|ICE3 (class 403)]] design, to CNR's [[Tangshan Railway Vehicle|Tangshan Railway Vehicle Co. Ltd]]. The transferred technology includes assembly, body, bogie, traction current transforming, traction transformers, traction motors, traction control, brake systems, and train control networks.

===Technology transfer===
Achieving indigenous high-speed rail technology has been a major goal of Chinese state planners. Chinese train-makers, after receiving transferred foreign technology, have been able to achieve a considerable degree of self-sufficiency in making the next generation of high-speed trains by developing indigenous capability to produce key parts and improvising upon foreign designs.
{{multiple image
| align     = left
| direction = vertical
| header    = Second generation CRH train sets
| header_align = left
| header_background = 
| footer    = The CRH380AL train set, shown above at the [[Beijing South Railway Station]], set a [[Fastest trains in China|record speed]] of {{convert|486.1|km/h|abbr=on}} on Dec. 3, 2010. The record was broken by a CRH380BL train set on Jan. 9, 2011, which reached {{convert|487.3|km/h|abbr=on}}.
| footer_align = left
| footer_background = 
| width     = 
| image1    = CRH380AL.jpg
| width1    = 200
| alt1      = 
| caption1  = [[China Railways CRH380A#CRH380AL|CRH380AL]] in Dec. 2011
| image3    = CRH3-CRH380BL.JPG
| width3    = 200
| alt3      = 
| caption3  = [[China Railways CRH3#CRH380BL|CRH380BL]] in Jan. 2012.
| image4    = CRH380C-6301L.jpg
| width4    = 200
| alt4      = 
| caption4  = [[China Railways CRH3#CRH380CL|CRH380CL]] in May 2011
| image5    = CRH380D于宁杭高速铁路.jpg
| width5    = 200
| alt5      = 
| caption5  = [[Zefiro 380|CRH380D]] in July 2015
}}
Examples of technology transfer include [[Mitsubishi Electric]]’s MT205 traction motor and ATM9 transformer to [[Zhuzhou CSR Times Electric Co., Ltd.|CSR Zhuzhou Electric]], [[Hitachi]]’s YJ92A traction motor and Alstom’s YJ87A Traction motor to [[China CNR Corporation#Manufacturing and subsidairies|CNR Yongji Electric]], Siemens’ TSG series pantograph to [[Zhuzhou Electric Locomotive Co., Ltd.|Zhuzhou Gofront Electric]]. Most of the components of the CRH trains manufactured by Chinese companies were from local suppliers, with only a few parts imported.{{Citation needed|date=July 2011}}

For foreign train-makers, technology transfer is an important part of gaining market access in China. Bombardier, the first foreign train-maker to form a joint venture in China, has been sharing technology for the manufacture of railway passenger cars and rolling stock since 1998. Zhang Jianwei, President and Chief Country Representative of Bombardier China, stated that in a 2009 interview, “Whatever technology Bombardier has, whatever the China market needs, there is no need to ask. Bombardier transfers advanced and [[mature technology]] to China, which we do not treat as an experimental market.”<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.worldrailway.com.cn/wrdrs/Information/02.html |title=庞巴迪：靠什么"赢在中国"——专访庞巴迪中国区总裁兼首席代表张剑炜 |publisher=Worldrailway.com.cn |date= |accessdate=2011-08-17}}</ref> Unlike other series which have imported prototypes, all CRH1 trains have been assembled at Bombardier’s joint-venture with CSR, Bombardier Sifang in [[Qingdao]].

Kawasaki’s cooperation with [[CSR Corporation Limited|CSR]] did not last as long. Within two years of cooperation with Kawasaki to produce 60 CRH2A sets, CSR began in 2008 to build CRH2B, CRH2C and CRH2E models at its Sifang plant independently without assistance from Kawasaki.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/60da2222-8ab5-11df-8e17-00144feab49a.html |title=Japan Inc Shoots Itself on the Foot |work=Financial Times  |date=2010-07-08 |accessdate=2011-08-14}}</ref> According to CSR president Zhang Chenghong, CSR "made the bold move of forming a systemic development platform for high-speed locomotives and further upgrading its design and manufacturing technology. Later, we began to independently develop high-speed CRH trains with a maximum velocity of 300–350 kilometers per hour, which eventually rolled off the production line in December 2007."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinapictorial.com.cn/en/industry/txt/2010-09/26/content_300367_3.htm |title=Era of "Created in China" |publisher=Chinapictorial.com.cn |accessdate=2011-08-14}}</ref> Since then, CSR has ended its cooperation with Kawasaki.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://xinkaishi.typepad.com/a_new_start/2010/10/ft-high-speed-rail-china.html |title=China: A future on track |publisher=Xinkaishi.typepad.com |date=2010-10-05 |accessdate=2011-08-14}}</ref> Kawasaki challenged China's high-speed rail project for patent theft, but backed off the effort.<ref>{{cite web|author=汪玮 |url=http://www.china.org.cn/business/2011-07/08/content_22945196.htm |title=China denies Japan's rail patent-infringement claims. On 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2011-07-25 |publisher=China.org.cn |date=2011-07-08 |accessdate=2011-08-14}}</ref>

Between June and September 2005, the [[Ministry of Railways (China)|MOR]] launched bidding for high-speed trains with a top speed of {{convert|350|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}, as most of the main high-speed rail lines were designed for top speeds of 350&nbsp;km/h or higher. Along with CRH3C, produced by Siemens and CNR Tangshan, CSR Sifang bid 60 sets of CRH2C.

In 2007, travel time from Beijing to Shanghai was about 10 hours at a top speed of {{convert|200|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} in the upgrade [[Beijing–Shanghai Railway]]. To increase transport capacity, the MOR ordered 70 16-car trainsets from CSR Sifang and BST, including 10 sets of CRH1B and 20 sets of CRH2B seating trains, 20 sets of CRH1E and 20 sets of CRH2E sleeper trains.

Construction of the [[Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway|high-speed railway between Beijing and Shanghai]], the world's first high-speed rail with a designed speed of {{convert|380|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}, began on April 18, 2008. In the same year, the [[Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China|Ministry of Science]] and the MOR agreed to a joint action plan for the indigenous innovation of high-speed trains in China. The MOR then launched the CRH1-350 (Bombardier and BST, designated as CRH380D/DL), CRH2-350 ([[CSR Corporation Limited|CSR]], designated as CRH380A/AL), and CRH3-350 ([[China CNR Corporation|CNR]] and Siemens, designated as CRH380B/BL & CRH380CL), to develop a new generation of CRH trains with a top operation speed of 380&nbsp;km/h. A total of 400 new generation trains were ordered. The CRH380A, the first indigenous high-speed train of the CRH series, entered service on the [[Shanghai-Hangzhou High-Speed Railway]] on October 26, 2010.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BQQ/is_9_50/ai_n55394441/|title=First Chinese designed HS train breaks cover:|work=International Railway Journal|date=September 2010}}</ref>

On October 19, 2010, the MOR announced the beginning of research and development of "super-speed" railway technology, which would increase the maximum speed of trains to over {{convert|500|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://uschina.usc.edu/article@usct?chinas_super-speed_train_hits_500kmh_15911.aspx|title=China's 'Super-Speed' Train Hits 500km|date=2010-10-20}}</ref>

===Early dedicated high-speed rail lines===
After committing to conventional-track high-speed rail in 2006, the state embarked on an ambitious campaign to build passenger-dedicated high-speed rail lines, which accounted for a large part of the government's growing budget for rail construction. Total investment in new rail lines grew from $14&nbsp;billion in 2004 to $22.7 and $26.2&nbsp;billion in 2006 and 2007.<ref name=NYT2>{{cite news|last=Bradsher |first=Keith |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/13/business/global/13rail.html?pagewanted=all |title=Keith Bradsher, "China Sees Growth Engine in a Web of Fast Trains"|location=China; United States |publisher=Nytimes.com |date=2010-02-12 |accessdate=2011-08-17}}</ref>  In response to the [[Late-2000s recession|global economic recession]], the government accelerated the pace of HSR expansion to stimulate economic growth. Total investments in new rail lines including HSR reached $49.4&nbsp;billion in 2008 and $88&nbsp;billion in 2009.<ref name=NYT2/> In all, the state planned to spend $300&nbsp;billion to build a {{convert|25000|km|abbr=on}} HSR network by 2020.<ref name=AP1>[http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5h7ss33mRp2IeNxPab7ABTadRrwZQD9EDOF7G0 "China to Bid on US High-Speed Rail Projects" A.P.] March 13, 2010 {{wayback|url=http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5h7ss33mRp2IeNxPab7ABTadRrwZQD9EDOF7G0 |date=20100317191056 }}</ref><ref name=NYT3/>
{{multiple image
| align  = right
| direction = vertical
| header = 
| header_align = center
| header_background = 
| footer = 
| footer_align = center
| footer_background = 
| width  = 
| image1 = CRH3 20100216.jpg
| width1 = 250
| caption1  = CRH3 trains on the [[Wuhan–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway]] in February 2010. The line, which opened in December 2009, reduced travel time by rail between [[Wuhan]] and [[Guangzhou]] from 10.5 hours to just over three hours.
| image2 = Wuhan-railway-station.JPG
| width2 = 250
| caption2  = The new [[Wuhan Railway Station]] under construction in 2009.}}
As of 2007, the [[Qinhuangdao–Shenyang High-Speed Railway|Qinhuangdao-Shenyang High-Speed Railway]], which carried trains at top speed of {{convert|250|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} along the Liaoxi Corridor in the [[Northeast China|Northeast]], was the only passenger-dedicated HSR line (PDL) in China, but that would soon change as the country embarked on a high-speed railway construction boom. The MOR's “Mid-to-Long Term Railway Network Plan”, revised in 2008, called for the building of a national high-speed rail grid composed of 4 north-south corridors and 4 east-west corridors, which together with upgraded existing lines, would total {{convert|12000|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} in length. The earliest PDLs built were sections of the corridors that connected large cities in the same region. On April 19, 2008, [[Hefei–Nanjing Passenger Railway|Hefei–Nanjing PDL]] in the [[East China|East]] opened with a top-speed of {{convert|250|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}. On August 1, 2008, the [[Beijing–Tianjin Intercity Railway]] opened in time for the [[2008 Summer Olympics]]. This line between [[North China|northern China’s]] two largest cities, was the first in the country to accommodate commercial trains with top speed of {{convert|350|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} and featured the [[CRH2]]C and [[CRH3]]C train sets.

The [[Wuhan–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway|Wuhan–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway (Wuguang PDL)]], which opened on December 26, 2009, was the country’s first cross-regional high-speed rail line. With a total length of {{convert|968|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} and capacity to accommodate trains traveling at {{convert|350|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}, the Wuguang PDL set a world record for the fastest commercial train service with average trip speed of {{convert|312.5|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. Train travel between [[South Central China|central and southern China]]’s largest cities, Wuhan and Guangzhou, was reduced to just over three hours.
On October 26, 2010, China opened its 15th high-speed rail, the [[Shanghai–Hangzhou High-Speed Railway|Shanghai–Hangzhou line]], and unveiled the [[CRH380A]] trainset manufactured by CSR Sifang started regular service. The [[Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway]], the second major cross-regional line, opened on June 2011 and was the first line designed with a top speed of {{convert|380|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} in commercial service.<ref name="news.xinhuanet.com"/><ref>[http://news.163.com/10/1102/08/6KFIQNTS00014AED.html "时速380公里高速列车明年7月开行 "] 2010-11-02</ref>

By January 2011, China had the world’s [[High-speed rail by country#High Speed Rail by Country|longest]] high-speed rail network with about {{convert|8358|km|mi|0|abbr=on}}<ref name=xh>{{cite web| url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-02/04/c_13719070.htm |author=xinhuanet|title=High-speed rail broadens range of options for China's New Year travel |date=2011-02-04<!--, 2010 -->|accessdate=2011-02-04|authorlink=xinhuanet}}</ref> of routes capable for at least {{convert|200|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} running in service including {{convert|2197|km|mi|0|abbr=on}} of rail lines with top speeds of {{convert|350|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>http://www.uic-highspeed2010.com.cn/upload/ChineseRailways20101011.pdf</ref>  The MOR reportedly committed investment of ¥709.1&nbsp;billion (US$107.9&nbsp;billion) in railway construction in 2010 and would invest ¥700&nbsp;billion (US$106&nbsp;billion) in 2011 on 70 railway projects, including 15 high-speed rail projects. Some {{convert|4715|km|mi|0}} of new high-speed railways would be opened, and by the end of 2011, China would have {{convert|13073|km|mi|0}} of railways capable of carrying trains at speeds of at least {{convert|200|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://business.caing.com/2011-01-05/100213982.html |title=2011年中国铁路将投资7000亿元_公司频道_财新网 |publisher=Business.caing.com |date=2011-01-05 |accessdate=2011-10-17}}</ref>

===Corruption and concerns===
In February 2011, [[Ministry of Railways (China)|Railway Minister]] [[Liu Zhijun]], a key proponent of HSR expansion in China, was removed from office on charges of corruption.  ''[[The Economist]]'' estimates Liu accepted [[Chinese yuan|¥]]1&nbsp;billion of bribes ($152&nbsp;million) in connection with railway construction projects.<ref name="economist.com">{{cite news| url=http://www.economist.com/node/18488554?story_id=18488554 | work=The Economist | title=Off the rails? | date=2011-03-31}}</ref>  Investigators found evidence that another [[Chinese yuan|¥]]187&nbsp;million ($28.5&nbsp;million) was misappropriated from the $33&nbsp;billion [[Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway]] in 2010.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-03/23/c_13794141.htm |title=China finds 187 mln yuan embezzled from Beijing-Shanghai railway project |publisher=News.xinhuanet.com |date=2011-03-23 |accessdate=2011-08-14}}</ref>
Another top official in the Railways Ministry, [[Zhang Shuguang (engineer)|Zhang Shuguang]], was also sacked for corruption.<ref name="economist.com"/> Zhang was estimated to have misappropriated to his personal overseas accounts the equivalent of $2.8 billion.<ref>{{cite news|last=Moore|first=Malcolm|title=Chinese rail crash scandal: 'official steals $2.8 billion'|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/china/8674824/Chinese-rail-crash-scandal-official-steals-2.8-billion.html|accessdate=2012-04-27|newspaper=The Telegraph|date=2011-08-01}}</ref>
[[File:Beijing-Tianjin High Speed Train.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Former Railway Minister [[Liu Zhijun]] hosting [[Nancy Pelosi]] and [[Edward Markey]], members of the [[United States Congress]], in Beijing in 2009.]]
After the political shake-up, concerns about HSR safety, high ticket prices, financial sustainability and environmental impact received greater scrutiny in the Chinese press.<ref name="ft.com"/><ref name="online.wsj.com">[http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703983104576262330447308782.html "China Puts Brakes on High-Speed Trains" ''The Wall Street Journal''] 2011-04-17</ref>

In April 2011, the new Minister of Railways [[Sheng Guangzu]] said that due to corruption, safety may have been compromised on some construction projects and completion dates may have to be pushed back.<ref name="economist.com"/> Sheng announced that all trains in the high-speed rail network would operate at a maximum speed of {{convert|300|km/h|abbr=on|sigfig=3}} beginning on July 1, 2011.<ref name="ft.com"/><ref>[http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9MJ64RO0.htm "China slows down showcase bullet trains" ''Bloomberg Businessweek''] 2011-04-17</ref><ref name="cdaily3">{{cite news| url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90776/90882/7351162.html| title=World's longest high-speed train to decelerate a bit| date=2011-04-15| newspaper=People's Daily Online}}</ref>  This was in response to concerns over safety, low ridership due to high ticket prices,<ref>[http://www.businessinsider.com/chinas-high-speed-rail-dilemma-2011-1 "The Backlash Is Brewing Against Chinese High-Speed Rail: Here's Why It's In Trouble" ''Business Insider''] 2011-04-17</ref> and high energy usage.<ref name="online.wsj.com"/>  On June 13, 2011, the MOR clarified in a press conference that the speed reduction was not due to safety concerns but to offer more affordable tickets for trains at {{convert|250|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} and increase ridership. Higher-speed train travel uses greater energy and imposes more wear on expensive machinery. Railway officials lowered the top speed of trains on most lines that were running at {{convert|350|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} to {{convert|300|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}. Trains on the Beijing-Tianjin high-speed line and a few other inter-city lines remained at 350&nbsp;km/h.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2011-05/11/c_13869523.htm |title=Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway to run trials |publisher=News.xinhuanet.com |date=2011-05-11 |accessdate=2011-08-14}}</ref>
In May 2011, China's [[Ministry of Environmental Protection of the People's Republic of China|Environmental Protection Ministry]] ordered the halting of construction and operation of two high-speed lines that failed to pass environmental impact tests.<ref>(Chinese) [http://finance.qq.com/a/20110527/000977.htm "叫停津秦高铁跟刘志军落马无关" ''齐鲁晚报''] May 27, 2011</ref><ref>(Chinese) [http://news.sohu.com/20110519/n307943368.shtml "环保部叫停津秦铁路、胶济铁路两高铁建设运行" ''新京报''] 2011-05-19</ref>  In June, the MOR maintained that high-speed rail construction was not slowing down.<ref>(Chinese) [http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2011-06/07/content_12653621.htm Yan Weijue, "China not slowing high-speed rail construction" ''Chinadaily.com.cn''] June 7, 2011</ref> The [[CRH380A]] trainsets on the [[Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway]] could reach a top operational speed of {{convert|380|km/h|abbr=on}} but were limited to 300&nbsp;km/h.<ref name="news.xinhuanet.com"/><ref name="news.163.com"/>
Under political and public pressure, the National Audit Office (NAO) carried out an extensive investigation into the building quality of all high-speed rail lines. As of March 2011, no major quality defects had been found in the system.<ref>{{cite web|title=京沪高铁2010年审计未发现重大质量问题|url=http://finance.sina.com.cn/g/20110323/14459580817.shtml}}</ref> Foreign manufacturers involved in Shanghai-Beijing high-speed link reported that their contracts call for maximum operational speed of {{convert|300|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>{{cite web|title=Train speed claims were false|url=http://www.shanghaidaily.com/nsp/Metro/2011/06/22/Train%2Bspeed%2Bclaims%2Bwere%2Bfalse/}}</ref> From July 20, 2011, the frequency of train service from Jinan to Beijing and Tianjin was reduced due to low occupancy, which renewed concerns about demand and profitability for high-speed services.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2011-07/23/content_12966603.htm |title=Railway cuts bullet trains from schedule &#124; Sunday Digest |work=China Daily  |date=2011-07-23 |accessdate=2011-08-14}}</ref>  Service failures in the first month of operation drove passengers back to pre-existing slower rail service and air travel; airline ticket prices rebounded due to reduced competition.

===Wenzhou accident===
{{Main|Wenzhou train collision}}
On July 23, 2011, two high-speed trains collided on the [[Ningbo–Taizhou–Wenzhou Railway]] in [[Lucheng District]] of [[Wenzhou]], [[Zhejiang]] Province.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/25/world/asia/25train.html?ref=asia | work=The New York Times | first=Ian | last=Johnson | title=Train Wreck in China Heightens Unease on Safety Standards | date=2011-07-24}}</ref><ref name="washingtontimes1">{{cite web|last=Watt |first=Louise |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2011/jul/25/crash-raises-doubts-about-chinas-fast-r-514665341/ |title=Crash raises doubts about China's fast rail plans |work=Washington Times |date=2011-07-25 |accessdate=2011-10-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Tania Branigan in Beijing and agencies |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/aug/12/china-bullet-trains-recalled-crash?INTCMP=ILCNETTXT3487 |title=Chinese bullet trains recalled in wake of fatal crash &#124; World news |work=The Guardian |location=UK |accessdate=2011-10-17 |date=2011-08-12}}</ref>  The accident occurred when one train traveling near Wenzhou was struck by lightning, lost power and stalled. Signals malfunctioned, causing another train to rear-end the stalled train.<ref name="washingtontimes1"/><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/29/world/asia/29trains.html?_r=1&ref=asia | work=The New York Times | first=Sharon | last=Lafraniere | title=Five Days Later, Chinese Concede Design Flaw Had Role in Wreck | date=2011-07-28}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Reinoso |first=Jose |url=http://www.elpais.com/articulo/internacional/error/senales/causo/choque/trenes/chinos/elpepiint/20110729elpepiint_8/Tes |title=Un error en las señales causó el choque de trenes chinos |work=El País Archivo |date=2011-07-29 |accessdate=2015-10-17 |language=Spanish}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/cgi-bin/ACHATS/acheter.cgi?offre=ARCHIVES&type_item=ART_ARCH_30J&objet_id=1163904 |title=La signalisation mise en cause dans l'accident du Pékin-Shanghaď |work=Le Monde |language=French |location=France |accessdate=2011-10-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lemonde.fr/cgi-bin/ACHATS/acheter.cgi?offre=ARCHIVES&type_item=ART_ARCH_30J&objet_id=1163677 |title=La sécurité des TGV chinois de plus en plus contestée |work=Le Monde |language=French |location=France |accessdate=2011-10-17}}</ref>  Several carriages [[Derailment|derailed]].<ref>'First Fatal Crash on Chinese High Speed Line,' Railway Gazette International, 25 July 201 http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/first-fatal-crash-on-chinese-high-speed-line.html</ref> State-run Chinese media confirmed 40 deaths, and at least 192 people hospitalised, including 12 who were severely injured.<ref>{{cite news|author=Martin Patience |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-14321060 |title=BBC News - China train crash: Signal design flaw blamed |publisher=Bbc.co.uk |date=2011-07-28 |accessdate=2011-08-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Cherry Wilson |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/jul/23/china-train-crash-kills-32 |title=China train crash kills 32 The Observer |work=Guardian |location=UK |accessdate=2011-08-14 |date=2011-07-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author=Martin Patience |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-14321060 |title=China train crash: Signal design flaw blamed |publisher=BBC  |date=2011-07-28 |accessdate=2011-08-14}}</ref> The Wenzhou train accident and the lack of accountability by railway officials caused a public uproar and heightened concerns about the safety and management of China's high-speed rail system.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/outrage-at-wenzhou-disaster-pushes-china-to-suspend-bullet-train-project-2336254.html |title=Outrage at Wenzhou disaster pushes China to suspend bullet train project|publisher=The Independent |date=2011-08-12 |accessdate=2011-08-17 |location=London |first=Clifford |last=Coonan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/2011/08/china-train.html |title=China's High-Speed Rail Accident 'Struck a Nerve' &#124; The Rundown News Blog &#124; PBS NewsHour |publisher=PBS |date=2011-08-10 |accessdate=2011-08-17}}</ref> Quality and safety concerns also affected plans to export cheaper high-speed train technology to other countries.<ref>{{cite web|last=Pilling |first=David |url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/0558876e-be1b-11e0-bee9-00144feabdc0.html |title=China crashes into a middle class revolt |publisher=FT.com |date=2011-08-03 |accessdate=2011-08-17}}</ref>

Following the deadly crash, the Chinese government suspended new railway project approvals and launched safety checks on existing equipment.<ref>{{cite news|author=Reuters in Beijing |url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/aug/10/china-train-safety-public-fears |title=China steps up train safety amid anger after crash &#124; World news &#124; guardian.co.uk |work=The Guardian |location=UK |accessdate=2011-10-17 |date=2011-08-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/08/10/us-china-train-idUSTRE77946C20110810 |title=China freezes new railway projects after high-speed train crash |publisher=Reuters |accessdate=2011-10-17 |date=2011-08-10}}</ref> A commission was formed to investigate the accident with a directive to report its findings in September 2011.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-pacific-14504877 |title=China train crash: Design flaws to blame - safety chief |publisher=BBC|date=2011-08-12 |accessdate=2011-08-17}}</ref>  On August 10, 2011, the Chinese government announced that it was suspending approvals of any new high-speed rail lines pending the outcome of the investigation.<ref>{{cite web|last=Rabinovitch |first=Simon |url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/598d4052-c40d-11e0-b302-00144feabdc0.html#axzz1V1JlIF1o |title=China suspends new high speed rail plans |publisher=FT.com |date=2011-08-11 |accessdate=2011-08-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/08/10/us-china-train-idUSTRE77946C20110810 |title=China freezes new railway projects after high-speed train crash |publisher=Reuters |date= 2011-08-10|accessdate=2011-08-17}}</ref> The Minister of Railways announced further cuts in the speed of Chinese high-speed trains, with the speed of the second-tier 'D' trains reduced from  {{convert|250|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} to {{convert|200|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}.<ref>'Decision to slow trains met with mixed response,'http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/cndy/2011-08/12/content_13097239.htm</ref> The speed of the remaining {{convert|350|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} trains between Shanghai and Hangzhou was reduced to {{convert|300|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}} as of August 28, 2011.<ref>'More high speed trains slow down to improve safety,'http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2011-08/23/content_13167866.htm</ref> To stimulate ridership, on
August 16, 2011 ticket prices on high-speed trains were reduced by five percent.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.capitalvue.com/home/CE-news/inset/@10063/post/2988993 |title=CapitalVue News: China Cuts Ticket Price Of High Speed Rail |publisher=Capitalvue.com |date=2011-08-12 |accessdate=2011-08-17}}</ref>  From July to September, high-speed rail ridership in China fell by nearly 30 million to 151 million trips.<ref name=FT3>{{cite news|last=Rabinovitch|first=Simon |url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/a9337b06-fe20-11e0-a1eb-00144feabdc0.html?ftcamp=rss#axzz1c2ZcRBzT |title=China’s high-speed rail plans falter|location=China |publisher=Financial Times|date=2011-10-27 |accessdate=2011-10-27}}</ref>

===Slowdown in financing and construction===
In the first half of 2011, the MOR as a whole made a profit of ¥4.29 billion and carried a total debt burden of ¥2.09 trillion, equal to about 5% of China’s GDP.<ref name=EconTimes1>{{cite news|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international-business/chinas-high-speed-rail-projects-on-hold-due-to-cash-crunch/articleshow/10508865.cms|title=China's high speed rail projects on hold due to cash crunch|publisher=Economic Times |date=2011-10-27 |accessdate=2011-10-27}}</ref><ref name=autogenerated20>(Chinese) [http://cn.ibtimes.com/artnews/7731/20111026/gaotie.htm "中国铁路建设大规模停工 建设重点出现调整"] 2011-10-26</ref>  Earnings from the more profitable freight lines helped to off-set losses by high-speed rail lines.{{citation needed|date=February 2013}} As of years ending 2008, 2009 and 2010, the MOR's debt-to-asset ratio was respectively, 46.81%, 53.06% and 57.44%,<ref>(Chinese) [http://www.infzm.com/content/61453 "铁道部负债近2万亿 净资产收益率偏低" ''infzm.com''] 2011-07-19</ref> and reached 58.58% by mid-year 2011.<ref name=autogenerated20111026/>  As of October 12, 2011, the MOR had issued ¥160 billion of debt for the year.<ref name=autogenerated20/>  But in the late summer, state banks began to cut back on lending to rail construction projects, which reduced funding for existing railway projects. An investigation of 23 railway construction companies in August 2011 revealed that 70% of existing projects had been slowed or halted mainly due to shortage of funding.<ref name=autogenerated20111026/>  Affected lines included [[Xiamen-Shenzhen Railway|Xiamen-Shenzhen]], Nanning-Guangzhou, Guiyang-Guangzhou, Shijazhuang-Wuhan, Tianjin-Baoding and Shanghai-Kunming high-speed rail lines.<ref name=FT3/><ref name=EconTimes1/>  By October, work had halted on the construction of {{convert|10000|km|mi|abbr=on}} of track.<ref name=FT3/>  New projects were put on hold and completion dates for existing projects, including the Tianjin-Baoding, Harbin-Jiamusi, Zhengzhou-Xuzhou and Hainan Ring (West), were pushed back.<ref name=autogenerated20111026/> As of October 2011, the MOR was reportedly concentrating remaining resources on fewer high-speed rail lines and shifting emphasis to more economically viable coal transporting heavy rail.<ref name=autogenerated20/>

To ease the credit shortage facing rail construction, the Ministry of Finance announced tax cuts to interest earned on rail construction financing bonds and the State Council ordered state banks to renew lending to rail projects.<ref name=FT3/>  In late October and November 2011, the MOR raised RMB 250 billion in fresh financing and construction resumed on several lines including the Tianjin-Baoding, Xiamen-Shenzhen and Shanghai-Kunming.<ref name=autogenerated20111214>(Chinese) [http://stock.sohu.com/20111214/n328906554.shtml "铁路工地一线直击：2700亿掀不起复工潮"] 2011-12-14</ref>

Another project postponed or cancelled altogether was the proposed Chongqing-Xi'an High-Speed Railway, which was announced in September 2012. This line has been eliminated and travel between the two cities can be achieved by the [[Chongqing–Lanzhou Railway|Lanzhou–Chongqing]] and [[Xi'an–Chengdu High-Speed Railway|Xi'an-Chengdu]] lines, which will cross at [[Guangyuan]] in north-eastern Sichuan.<ref>[http://news.huochepiao.com/2012-9/201292815442423.htm 市发改委：渝西高铁搁浅. 重庆到西安将借道西成高铁], ''Chongqing Ribao'', 2012-09-28</ref>

===Recovery===
[[File:Train line at Xingping Reservoir.JPG|thumb|right|250px|The [[Guiyang–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway]] under construction in [[Yangshuo]], [[Guangxi]] in August 2013. This line traverses 270 caves and 510 valleys in the [[karst]] landscape of [[southwest China]].<ref name=SW20141226>(Chinese) [http://news.southcn.com/g/2014-12/26/content_115038590.htm "揭秘：贵广高铁如何穿越喀斯特" ''南方都市报''] 2014-12-26</ref>  Bridges and tunnels consist of 83% of this line's total length of 857 km, including 92% in [[Guizhou Province]].<ref name=SW20141226/>  Travel time by train between Guizhou and Guangzhou was reduced from 20 hours to 4 hours.<ref>(Chinese) [http://news.southcn.com/g/2014-12/26/content_115108037.htm  陈清浩, "贵广高铁正式开通运营 从贵阳到广州4小时可达" 南方日报] 2014-12-26</ref>]]
By early 2012, the Chinese government renewed investments in high-speed rail to rejuvenate the slowing economy.<ref name=FT20130116>[http://articles.washingtonpost.com/2013-01-16/world/36384448_1_high-speed-rail-rail-bridges-bullet-train-crash Simon Rabinovitch, “China’s high-speed rail gets back on track” ‘’Financial Times’’] 2013-01-16</ref> Premier Wen Jiabao visited train manufacturers and gave a vote of confidence in the industry.<ref name=FT20130116/>  Over the course of the year, the MOR’s budget rose from $64.3 billion to $96.5 billion.<ref name=FT20130116/>  Five new lines totaling {{convert|2563|km|mi|abbr=on}} in length entered operation between June 30 and December 31, including the Beijing-Wuhan section of the [[Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong High-Speed Railway|Beijing-Guangzhou line]].<ref name = "IRJ"/>  By the end of 2012, the total length of high-speed rail tracks had reached {{convert|9300|km|mi|abbr=on}}, and ridership had exceeded levels prior to the Wenzhou crash.<ref>{{cite web|author=Fischer, Elizabeth|url=http://www.railway-technology.com/features/feature124824/|title=China's high-speed rail revolution|date=2012-11-21|work=Railway-technology.com|accessdate=2013-05-04}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|author=Shasha, Deng|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2012-12/26/c_132063630.htm|title=World's longest high-speed rail line makes debut|agency=Xinhua|date=2012-12-26|accessdate=2013-05-04}}</ref> China's 1,580 high-speed trains were transporting 1.33 million passengers daily, about 25.7% of the overall passenger traffic.<ref name = "IRJ"/>  The Beijing–Tianjin, Shanghai–Nanjing, Beijing–Shanghai and Shanghai-Hangzhou lines reported breaking even financially<ref name  = "thechinaperspective"/><ref name = "marketwatch">{{cite web|url=http://www.marketwatch.com/story/sound-financials-recharge-chinas-fast-trains-2012-09-10 |title=Sound financials recharge China’s fast trains |publisher=marketwatch.com |date=2012-09-10 |accessdate=2013-02-03}}</ref><ref name = "money">{{cite web|url=http://www.irishtimes.com/newspaper/finance/2012/0925/1224324358339.html |title=Bullet trains trigger profit growth for railways |publisher=The Irish Times |date=2012-09-25 |accessdate=2013-02-03}}</ref><ref name = "chinawatch">{{cite web|url=http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20130203000075&cid=1202 |title=China's high-speed rail still reporting staggering losses |publisher=chinawatch.com |date=2013-02-03 |accessdate=2013-02-03}}</ref> The Shanghai-Nanjing line even reported to be operationally profitable,<ref name = "money"/> operating with a 380 million yuan net profit.<ref name = "marketwatch"/><ref name = "money"/> However the system as a whole is still losing money and concerns about corruption, safety and high ticket prices persist.<ref name = "chinawatch"/>

On December 28, 2013, the total length of high-speed rail tracks nationally topped {{convert|10000|km|mi|abbr=on}} with the opening of the [[Xiamen–Shenzhen Railway|Xiamen–Shenzhen]], [[Xi'an–Baoji High-Speed Railway|Xian–Baoji]], [[Chongqing−Lichuan Railway|Chongqing−Lichuan]] high-speed railways as well as intercity lines in [[Hubei]] and [[Guangxi]].<ref name="10000 km">[http://www.ecns.cn/business/2013/12-28/94660.shtml "China's railways mileage tops 100,000 km" ''Xinhua''] 2013-12-28</ref>

===Second boom===
[[File:0B6X8331 (8272948482).jpg|thumb|right|Different types of rolling stock at the [[Beijing South Railway Station]].]]
In 2014, high-speed rail expansion gained speed with the opening of the [[Datong–Xi'an Passenger Railway|Taiyuan–Xi'an]], [[Shanghai–Kunming High-Speed Railway|Hangzhou–Changsha]], [[Lanzhou-Xinjiang High-Speed Railway|Lanzhou-Ürümqi]], [[Guiyang–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway|Guiyang-Guangzhou]], [[Nanning]]-Guangzhou trunk lines and intercity lines around [[Wuhan Metropolitan Area Intercity Railway|Wuhan]], [[Chengdu–Mianyang–Leshan Intercity Railway|Chengdu]],<ref>(Chinese)［[http://district.ce.cn/newarea/roll/201412/26/t20141226_4208852.shtml 中国高铁版图再扩容:兰新、贵广、南广高铁今日开通 中国新闻网] 2014-12-26</ref> Qingdao<ref name=QingdaoNews20141228/> and Zhengzhou.<ref name=ZhengzhouKaifeng20141228/>  High-speed passenger rail service expanded to 28 [[Provinces of China|provinces and regions]].<ref name=Xinhua20141115>(Chinese) [http://news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2014-11/15/c_1113263242.htm 12月10日起铁路再调图 ''Xinhua''] 2014-11-15</ref>  The number of high-speed train sets in operation grew from 1,277 pairs in June to 1,556.5 pairs in December.<ref name=Xinhua20141115/><ref>(Chinese) [http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2014/06-12/6271489.shtml 7月1日全国铁路再调图 增开动车组列车53对 ''人民日报''] 2014-06-12</ref>

In response to a slowing economy, central planners approved a slew of new lines including [[Shangqiu]]-[[Hefei]]-[[Hangzhou]],<ref name=Zhongzheng20141222/> [[Zhengzhou]]-[[Wanzhou]],<ref>(Chinese) [http://news.sohu.com/20141010/n404964060.shtml 郑州-重庆万州高铁获批 中部再添开发主轴] 2014-10-10</ref> [[Lianyungang]]-[[Zhenjiang]],<ref>(Chinese) [http://js.qq.com/a/20141107/041999.htm 临沂至曲阜客运专线并轨京沪高铁获批 连云港至镇江高铁获批 预计2019年下半年通车] 2014-11-07</ref> [[Linyi]]-[[Qufu]],<ref>(Chinese) [http://news.sohu.com/20141010/n404964060.shtml 临沂至曲阜客运专线并轨京沪高铁获批] 2014-12-16</ref> [[Harbin]]-[[Mudanjiang]],<ref>(Chinese) [http://heilongjiang.dbw.cn/system/2014/12/18/056207723.shtml 哈牡客运专线项目启动建设 打通亚欧国际货运大通道] 2014-12-18</ref> [[Yinchuan]]-[[Xi'an]],<ref name=Zhongzheng20141222>(Chinese) [http://finance.sina.com.cn/china/20141222/163821135407.shtml 发改委再批复两城市铁路规划 总投资超2000亿 中证网] 2014-12-22</ref> [[Datong]]-[[Zhangjiakou]],<ref name=Zhongzheng20141222/> and intercity lines in Zhejiang<ref>(Chinese) [http://zj.sina.com.cn/news/d/2014-12-18/detail-iawzunex6991153.shtml 浙江11条城际铁路线昨日获批 2020年前将全部建成] 2014-12-18</ref> and Jiangxi.<ref name=Zhongzheng20141222/>

The government actively promoted the export of high-speed rail technology to countries including Mexico, Thailand, the United Kingdom, India, Russia and Turkey. To better compete with foreign trainmakers, the central authorities arranged for the merger of the country's two main high-speed train-makers, [[CSR Corporation Limited|CSR]] and [[China CNR Corporation|CNR]], into the China Railway Rolling Stock Group.<ref>[http://www.businessinsider.com/afp-china-rolls-ahead-with-train-makers-merger-2014-12 "Chinese Trainmakers To Merge And Form Export Powerhouse" ''AFP''] 2014-12-03</ref>

==Current HSR expansion==
China's high-speed rail expansion is entirely managed, planned and financed by the government.
[[File:Beijing-Shanghai express railway2.jpg|thumb|right|The Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge in [[Nanjing]] (shown under construction in 2009) is a six-track railway bridge for the [[Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway]], the Shanghai-Wuhan-Chengdu Railway, and [[Nanjing Subway]].]]
[[File:京津城际铁路-天津北站.jpg|thumb|right|Over 85% of track on the [[Beijing–Tianjin Intercity Railway]] is laid on viaducts. Chinese builders use elevated lines to keep high-speed rail tracks straight and level over uneven terrain, and to save on land acquisition costs.]]
[[File:Hada high-speed railway under const.JPG|thumb|right|A prefabricated section of the elevated track being installed on the Harbin-Dalian High Speed Railway in October 2010]]

===Policy justifications===
Critics both in China and abroad have questioned the necessity of having an expensive high-speed rail system in a largely developing country, where most workers cannot afford to pay a premium for faster travel.<ref name=AP1/><ref name=NYT3>{{cite news|last=Forsythe |first=Michael |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/12/23/world/asia/23iht-letter.html |title=Michael Forsythe "Letter from China: Is China's Economy Speeding Off the Rails?" |location=China |publisher=Nytimes.com |date=2009-12-22 |accessdate=2011-08-17}}</ref>  The government has justified the expensive undertaking as promoting a number of policy objectives. HSR provides fast, reliable and comfortable means of transporting large numbers of travelers in [[List of Chinese administrative divisions by population density|a densely populated country]] over long distances,<ref name=autogenerated5/> which:

* Improves economic [[productivity]] and [[competitiveness]] over the long term by increasing the transport capacity of railways and linking labor markets.<ref name=NYT3/><ref name=NYT1>{{cite news|last=Bradsher |first=Keith |url=http://www.nytimes.com/2009/01/23/business/worldbusiness/23yuan.html?_r=1&pagewanted=all |title=Keith Bradsher, "China's Route Forward" |location=China |publisher=Nytimes.com |date=2009-01-22 |accessdate=2011-08-17}}</ref>  Moving passengers to high-speed lines frees up older railways to carry more freight, which is more profitable for railways than passengers, whose fares are subsidized.<ref name=autogenerated5>{{cite news|last=Freeman |first=Will |url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704025304575283953879199386.html |title=Freeman & Kroeber, "Opinion: China's Fast Track to Development" |publisher=Wall Street Journal |date=2010-06-02 |accessdate=2011-08-17}}</ref>
* Stimulates the economy in the short term as HSR construction creates jobs and drives up demand for construction, steel and cement industries during the economic downturn. Work on the [[Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway|Beijing–Shanghai PDL]] mobilized 110,000 workers.<ref name=NYT2/><ref name=NYT1/><ref name=amazing />
* Facilitates cross-city economic integration and promotes the growth of [[secondary city|second-tier cities]]. The introduction of the [[high-speed rail]]ways is responsible for 59% of the increase in market potential for the [[Secondary city|secondary cities]] connected by bullet trains. (Market potential, a concept used by [[economic geography|economic geographers]], measures "a geographic area's access to markets for inputs and outputs.") A 10% increase in a [[Secondary city|secondary city's]] market potential is expected to be associated with a 4.5% increase in its average [[real estate]] price.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://journalistsresource.org/studies/international/china/china-high-speed-rail-economic-development | title=China’s high-speed-rail network and the development of second-tier cities}} JournalistsResource.org, retrieved Feb. 20, 2014.</ref>
* Supports energy independence and environmental sustainability. [[Electric locomotives|Electric trains]] use less energy to transport people and goods on a per unit basis and can draw power from more [[Energy policy of China|diverse sources of energy]] including [[Renewable energy in China|renewables]] than automobile and aircraft, which are more reliant on [[List of countries by oil imports|imported]] petroleum.<ref name=autogenerated5/>
* Develop an indigenous high-speed rail equipment industry. The expansion into HSR is also developing China into a leading source of high-speed rail building technology.<ref name=NYT2/>  Chinese train-makers have absorbed imported technologies quickly, localized production processes, and even begun to compete with foreign suppliers in the [[#Technology#Technology export|export market]]. Six years after receiving Kawasaki's license to produce Shinkansen E2, CSC Sifang can produce the CRH2A without Japanese input, and Kawasaki has ended cooperation with Sifang on high-speed rail.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/60da2222-8ab5-11df-8e17-00144feab49a.html |title=Japan Inc shoots itself in foot on bullet train|publisher=Ft.com |date=2010-07-08 |accessdate=2011-08-17}}</ref>

===HSR construction financing===
China's high-speed rail construction projects are highly [[capital intensive]]. About 40-50% of financing is provided by the national government through lending by [[Banking in China|state owned banks]] and [[Chinese financial system|financial institutions]], another 40% by the bonds issued by the Ministry of Railway (MOR) and the remaining 10-20% by provincial and local governments.<ref name=autogenerated20111026>(Chinese) [http://news.qd.soufun.com/2011-10-26/6187243.htm "铁路建设9成缺钱停工 多地高铁项目拖欠工人工资停工" ''中国经营网''] 2011-10-26</ref><ref name=autogenerated5/>  The MOR, through its financing arm, the China Rail Investment Corp, issued an estimated [[Chinese yuan|¥]]1&nbsp;trillion (US$150&nbsp;billion in 2010 dollars) in debt to finance HSR construction from 2006 to 2010,<ref name=autogenerated3>(Chinese) [http://quote.cfi.cn/p20100925000059.html "铁道部有意打包高铁资产 成立资产管理公司" ''中财网'']{{dead link|date=August 2011}} 2010-09-25</ref> including ¥310&nbsp;billion in the first 10 months of 2010.<ref>[http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-10-13/yuan-bond-sales-climb-to-record-led-by-railways-china-credit.html Shelley Smith "Yuan Bond Sales Climb to Record Led by Railways: China Credit" ''Bloomberg''] 2010-10-13</ref>  CRIC has also raised some capital through [[Initial public offering|equity offerings]]; in the spring of 2010, CRIC sold a 4.5 percent stake in the [[Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway]] to the [[Bank of China]] for ¥6.6&nbsp;billion and a 4.537 percent stake to the public for ¥6&nbsp;billion.<ref name=autogenerated3/>  CRIC retained 56.2 percent ownership on that line. As of 2010, the CRIC-bonds are considered to be relatively safe investments because they are backed by assets (the railways) and implicitly by the government.
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
|-
!Table:Construction cost of HSR lines in operation.
|-
| 
{|class="wikitable sortable"  style="width:80%; text-align:center;"
|-
!'''Line'''
!'''Length'''<br />(km)
!'''Designed Speed'''<br />(km/h)
!'''Total const. cost'''<br />(¥ billion)
!'''Unit cost'''<br />(¥ million/km)
!'''Ref.'''
|-
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''Qinshen PDL'''<br /><small>(Qinhuangdao-Shenyang)</small>
|404
|250
|15.7
|38.9
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2003-10-12/15271905353.shtml|script-title=zh:我国首条快速客运专线"秦沈客运专线"开通|date=2003-10-12|language=Chinese|work=news.sina.com.cn}}</ref>
|-
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''Hening PDL'''<br /><small>(Hefei-Nanjing)</small>
|166
|250
|25
|150.6
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ah.people.com.cn/GB/channel2/16/200804/18/126464.html|script-title=zh:合宁铁路今天通车运营|date=2008-04-18|language=Chinese|work=ah.people.com.cn}}</ref>
|-
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''Jiaoji PDL'''<br /><small>(Qingdao-Jinan)</small>
|364
|250
|11
|30.21
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gongcheng.org/swdt/news/200801/51148.html|title=胶济铁路客运专线施工进入决战阶段}}</ref>
|-
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''Shitai PDL'''<br /><small>(Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan)</small>
|190
|250
|17.075
|89.87
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chnrailway.com/news/20091126/2009112615435929626348.shtml|title=石太铁路客运专线}}</ref>
|-
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''Hewu PDL'''<br /><small>(Hefei-Wuhan)</small>
|351
|250
|16.8
|47.86
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.sina.com.cn/o/2009-01-01/103814968553s.shtml|title=合武铁路昨建成通车}}</ref>
|-
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''Yongtaiwen PFL'''<br /><small>(Ningbo-Taizhou-Wenzhou)</small>
|268
|250
|16.28
|60.75
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnkyw.com/2009-4/cjsj200941785210.html|title=甬台温铁路客运专线8月1日开通}}</ref>
|-
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''Wenfu PFL'''<br /><small>(Wenzhou-Fuzhou)</small>
|298
|250
|18
|60.4
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.66wz.com/system/2009/06/30/101296451.shtml|title=温福铁路温州段明天通货运 温州将迎来高铁时代}}</ref>
|-
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''Fuxia PFL'''<br /><small>(Fuzhou-Xiamen)</small>
|275
|250
|15.259
|55.49
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dayoo.com/roll/201004/26/10000307_101817248.htm|title=福厦高铁正式开通运营 打造绿色环保"快车道"}}</ref>
|-
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''Chengguan PDL'''<br /><small>(Chengdu-Guanxian)</small>
|65
|250
|13.3
|204.62
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/hqcj/zgjj/2010-11-25/content_1275671.html|title=成灌快铁开通四川迈入快铁时代
}}{{dead link|date=August 2011}}</ref>
|-
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''Changjiu ICL'''<br /><small>(Nanchang-Jiujiang)</small>
|131
|250
|5.832
|44.52
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.keyunzhan.com/knews-3770|title=昌九城际高铁今日开通 江西迈入高铁时代
}}</ref>
|-
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''Changji ICL'''<br /><small>(Changchun-Jilin)</small>
|111
|250
|9.6
|86.49
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sinonet.net/news/china/2010-12-31/116123.html|title=东北首条城际高速铁路开通 总投资达96亿(组图)}}</ref>
|-
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''Hainan ER ICL'''<br /><small>(Haikou-Sanya)</small>
|308
|250
|20.2
|65.58
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hntqb.com/read.php?news_id=128839|title=东环铁今开通 本报今推《东环铁乘车指南》}}</ref>
|-
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''Jingjin ICL'''<br /><small>(Beijing-Tianjin)</small>
|115
|350
|21.5
|186.96
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.china.com.cn/zhibo/2008-07/30/content_16089493.htm|title=京津城际铁路通车新闻发布会}}</ref>
|-
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''Wuguang PDL'''<br /><small>(Wuhan-Changsha-Guangzhou)</small>
|968
|350
|116.6
|120
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/dfpd/2009-12/10/content_9152981.htm|title=武广快线驶出中国新速度}}</ref>
|-
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''Zhengxi PDL'''<br /><small>(Zhengzhou-Xi'an)</small>
|455
|350
|35.31
|77.6
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2010-01-29/011017009788s.shtml|title=郑西高速铁路昨成功试运行}}</ref>
|-
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''Huning HSR'''<br /><small>(Shanghai-Nanjing)</small>
|301
|350
|50
|166.11
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinanews.com.cn/cj/2010/07-01/2376126.shtml|title=沪宁城际高铁通车 沪宁对开客运列车每日近百对}}</ref>
|-
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''Huhang PDL'''<br /><small>(Shanghai-Hangzhou)</small>
|150
|350
|29.29
|195.27
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://sh.eastday.com/qtmt/20101019/u1a813958.html|title=沪杭高铁简介及线路站点图示}}</ref>
|-
|style="line-height:1.05"|'''Jinghu HSR'''<br /><small>(Beijing–Shanghai)</small>
|1318
|350
|220.9
|167.6
|<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.s1979.com/news/china/201107/0115015701.shtml|title=京沪高铁开通首日上座率达98%}}</ref>
|}
|}
[[File:High-speed rail line under construction in Hangzhou 2010.jpg|thumb|right|High-speed rail line under construction in [[Hangzhou]] in 2010.]]
[[File:Shenzhen section of GSGXRL.jpg|thumb|right|Workers on the Shenzhen section of Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong High-speed Railway in May 2011]]

Large construction debt-loads require significant revenues from rider fares, subsidies, and/or other sources of income, such as advertising, to repay. Despite impressive ridership figures, virtually every completed line has incurred losses in its first years of operation. For example, the [[Beijing–Tianjin Intercity Railway]] in its two full years of operation, delivered over 41 million rides. The line cost ¥20.42&nbsp;billion to build, and ¥1.8&nbsp;billion per annum to operate, including ¥0.6&nbsp;billion in interest payments on its ¥10&nbsp;billion of loan obligations.<ref name=autogenerated1>(Chinese) [http://finance.ifeng.com/news/20100918/2634606.shtml "不计建设投资 京津高铁今年持平" ''经济观察报''] 2010-09-18</ref>  The terms of the loans range from 5–10 years at interest rates of 6.3 to 6.8 percent.<ref name=autogenerated1/>  In its first year of operation from August 1, 2008 to July 31, 2009, the line carried 18.7&nbsp;million riders and generated ¥1.1&nbsp;billion in revenues, which resulted in a loss of ¥0.7&nbsp;billion. In the second year, ridership rose to 22.3&nbsp;million and revenues improved to ¥1.4&nbsp;billion, which narrowed losses somewhat to below ¥0.5&nbsp;billion.<ref name=autogenerated1/>  To break even, the line must deliver 30 million rides annually.<ref name=autogenerated1/>  To be able to repay principal, ridership would need to exceed 40&nbsp;million.<ref name=autogenerated1/>  In September 2010, daily ridership averaged 69,000 or an annual rate of 25.2&nbsp;million.<ref name=autogenerated1/>  In 2013, ridership totaled 25.85&nbsp;million.<ref>(Chinese) [http://news.hexun.com/2014-12-20/171610757.html?from=rss "京津城际高铁二线拟明年开工 或通过三河、香河、大厂" 2014-12-20]</ref>
The line has a capacity of delivering 100&nbsp;million rides annually<ref name=autogenerated2>(Chinese) [http://finance.ifeng.com/roll/20100930/2675126.shtml "4万公里快速铁路网冲刺" ''21世纪经济报道''] 2010-09-30</ref> and initial estimated repayment period of 16 years.<ref name=autogenerated1/>

The [[Shitai Passenger Railway|Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan PDL]] lost ¥0.8&nbsp;billion in its first year and is set to lose ¥0.9&nbsp;billion in 2010.<ref name=autogenerated3/>  The Southeast HSR corridor lost ¥0.377&nbsp;billion in its first year beginning August 2009.<ref name=autogenerated3/> The [[Zhengzhou–Xi'an Passenger Dedicated Line|Zhengzhou-Xian PDL]] since opening in February 2010 was expected to generate revenues of ¥0.6&nbsp;billion in its first full year but must make interest payments of ¥1.1&nbsp;billion. In the first three quarters of 2012, the line lost Y1.87 billion.<ref>(Chinese) [http://www.yicai.com/news/2014/12/4055850.html 火爆城际铁路的上座率考验 第一财经日报] 2014-12-24</ref>  The losses must be covered by the operator, which is usually subsidized by local governments.<ref name=autogenerated2/>  In December 2014, the Henan provincial government imposed a rule requiring municipal authorities pay 70% of the deficit incurred by Henan's intercity lines with the provincial authorities paying the remainder 30%.<ref>(Chinese) [http://hn.ifeng.com/jingji/zhongyuanjingji/detail_2014_12/11/3272664_0.shtml 河南对城际铁路实行运营亏损补贴 补亏期暂定5年 河南日报] 2014-12-11</ref>

The MOR faces a debt-repayment peak in 2014.<ref name=autogenerated3/>  Some economists recommend further subsidies to lower fares and boost ridership and ultimately revenues.<ref name=autogenerated2/>  Others warn that the financing side of the existing construction and operation model is unsustainable.<ref name=autogenerated2/>  If the rail-backed loans cannot be fully repaid, they may be refinanced or the banks may seize ownership of the railways.<ref name=autogenerated3/>  To prevent that eventuality, the MOR is trying to improve management of its rapidly growing HSR holdings.<ref name=autogenerated3/>

Overall, ridership is growing as the high-speed rail network continues to expand. High-speed rail is also becoming relatively more affordable as fares have remained stable while worker wages have grown sharply over the same period.<ref name="Speedy Trains Transform China.">{{cite news|last=Bradsher|first=Keith
|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/24/business/global/high-speed-train-system-is-huge-success-for-china.html
|accessdate=2013-09-26
|newspaper=New York Times
|date=2013-09-24
|title=Speedy Trains Transform China}}</ref>

===Cost comparisons===
Currently, China's high-speed rail service costs significantly less than similar systems in developed countries, but is considerably more expensive than conventional rail service. For the {{convert|419|km|mi|abbr=on}} trip from Beijing to [[Jinan]], HSR costs CNY185 (US$30) and takes 1 hour 32 minutes, while a conventional train costs CNY73 (US$12) and takes about 6 hours.<ref name="去哪儿网订票">[http://train.qunar.com/stationToStation.htm?fromStation=%E5%8C%97%E4%BA%AC&toStation=%E6%B5%8E%E5%8D%97 "去哪儿网 北京济南火车票"] March 27, 2013</ref> By comparison, the [[Acela]] train from Washington DC to New York City (one of the most expensive trains in regular service) covering a slightly shorter distance of {{convert|230|mi|km|abbr=on}} costs US$152–180 (Y930) and takes 2 hour 50 minutes.<ref name="Why Acela">[http://www.amtrak.com/why-acela-efficient-affordable-travel "Why Acela"] March 27, 2013</ref>

===Impact on airlines===
The spread of high-speed rail has forced domestic airlines in China to slash airfare and cancel regional flights.<ref name=nfzh2011>(Chinese) [http://www.infzm.com/content/57266 "高铁分流民航客源：多条短程航班停飞" infzm.com] 2011-04-06</ref>  The impact of high-speed rail on air travel is most acute for intercity trips under {{convert|500|km|mi|abbr=on}}.<ref name=nfzh2011/>  By the spring of 2011, commercial airline service had been completely halted on previously popular routes such as Wuhan-Nanjing, Wuhan-Nanchang, Xi’an-Zhengzhou and Chengdu-Chongqing.<ref name=nfzh2011/>  Flights on routes over {{convert|1500|km|mi|abbr=on}} are generally unaffected.<ref name=nfzh2011/>  As of October 2013, high-speed rail was carrying twice as many passengers each month as the country’s airlines.<ref name="Speedy Trains Transform China."/>

==Track network==
{{multiple image
| align     = right
| direction = horizontal
| header    = 
| header_align = center
| header_background = 
| footer    = 
| footer_align = left/right/center
| footer_background = 
| width     = 
| image1    = Rail map of China.svg
| width1    = 360
| alt1      = 
| caption1  = Railway network map with conventional lines upgraded or built to accommodate CRH shown in orange ({{convert|160|–|250|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}), secondary high-speed lines in green ({{convert|200|–|299|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}), and blue (above {{convert|300|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}).
| image2    = 
| width2    = 363
| alt2      = 
| caption2  = Map showing the operating high-speed rails in China}}
China's high-speed rail system project is ambitious.<ref name=amazing>[http://money.cnn.com/2009/08/03/news/international/china_high_speed_bullet_train.fortune/ China's amazing new bullet train] CNN Money August 6, 2009</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://sify.com/news/fullstory.php?a=jgyoOedefhj&title=China_ready_to_roll_out_35_high-speed_rail_lines_by_2012 |title=China ready to roll out 35 high-speed rail lines by 2012 |publisher=Sify.com |date=2009-06-24 |accessdate=2011-08-14}}</ref>  In 2008, the [[Ministry of Railways of the People's Republic of China|MOR]] planned to build {{convert|25,000|km|mi|abbr=on}} of high-speed railways with trains reaching normal speeds of 350&nbsp;km/h.<ref name=amazing /><ref>[http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2008-04/18/content_8002074.htm China starts work on Beijing-Shanghai express railway] Xinhua 2008-04-18</ref> China invested $50&nbsp;billion on its high-speed rail system in 2009 and the total construction cost of the high-speed rail system is $300&nbsp;billion.<ref name=amazing /> The main operator of regular high-speed train services is [[China Railway High-Speed]] (CRH).
[[File:China high-speed rail network.png|thumbnail|right|200px|Map showing projected high-speed rail network in China by 2020 and the travel time by rail from Beijing to each of the provincial capitals.]]
[[mainland China|China]]'s conventional [[high-speed railway]] network is made up of four components:
# upgraded pre-existing rail lines that can accommodate high-speed trains,
# a national grid of mostly passenger dedicated HSR lines (PDLs),
# other newly built conventional rail lines, mostly in western China, that can carry high-speed passenger and freight trains, and
# certain regional "intercity" HSR lines.
Most of the rail lines now under construction belong to one of the three latter categories.<ref name="rgi1">{{Cite news| work=[[Railway Gazette International]]| date=2007-08-22 | url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view//passenger-dedicated-lines-will-spearhead-crs-inter-city-speed-up.html | title=Passenger Dedicated Lines will spearhead CR's inter-city speed-up }}</ref>

===Upgraded railways===
{{main|Campaign to raise the speed of railway travel in China}}
Following the sixth round of the "railway speed up campaign" on April 18, 2007, some {{convert|6003|km|mi|abbr=on}} of track could carry trains at speeds of up to {{convert|200|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}. Of these, {{convert|848|km|mi|abbr=on}} could attain {{convert|250|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}. These include the [[Qinshen Passenger Railway|Qinhuangdao-Shenyang (Qinshen) Passenger Railway]], and sections of the [[Jiaoji Railway|Qingdao-Jinan (Jiaoji)]], [[Shanghai-Kunming Railway|Shanghai-Kunming (Hukun)]] between [[Hangzhou]] and [[Zhuzhou]], [[Guangshen railway|Guangzhou-Shenzhen (Guangshen)]], [[Jinghu railway|Beijing–Shanghai (Jinghu)]], [[Jingha railway|Beijing-Harbin (Jingha)]], [[Jingguang railway|Beijing-Guangzhou (Jingguang)]], [[Longhai Railway|Longhai]] between [[Zhengzhou]] to [[Xuzhou]], Railways. Upgrade work continues on other lines including the Wuhan-Danyang (Handan), Hunan-Guizhou (Xianggui), and [[Ningqi Railway|Nanjing-Nantong (Ningqi)]] Railways.

Some 295 stations have been built or renovated to allow high-speed trains.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2011-05-31-china-high-speed-rail-construction_n.htm |title=China slows its runaway high-speed rail expansion |work=USA Today  |accessdate=2011-08-14 |first=Calum |last=MacLeod |date=June 1, 2011}}</ref>

===National high-speed rail grid (4+4)===
The centerpiece of the MOR's expansion into high-speed rail is a new national high-speed rail grid that is overlaid onto the existing railway network. According to the MOR's "Mid-to-Long Term Railway Network Plan" (revised in 2008), this grid is composed of eight high-speed rail corridors, four running north-south and four going east-west, and has a total of 12,000&nbsp;km. Most of the new lines follow the routes of existing trunk lines and are designated for passenger travel only. They are known as passenger-designated lines (PDL). Several sections of the national grid, especially along the southeast coastal corridor, were built to link cities that had no previous rail connections. Those sections will carry a mix of passenger and freight. High-speed trains on PDLs can generally reach {{convert|300|–|350|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. On mixed-use HSR lines, passenger train service can attain peak speeds of {{convert|200|–|250|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. This ambitious national grid project was planned to be built by 2020, but the government's stimulus has expedited time-tables considerably for many of the lines.

{{colorbox|#bcffc5}} Completed lines  {{colorbox|#F8FFF5}} Partially completed lines. Click [show] for details.

'''Four North-South HSR corridors and constituent lines'''
<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="clear: both; border:0;">
<div class="NavHead" style="background:#F8FFF5">[[Beijing–Harbin High-Speed Railway]] - 350&nbsp;km/h - 1,700&nbsp;km</div>
<div class="NavContent" style="text-align: left;">
{| class="wikitable sortable"  style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-size:96%; line-height:1.05"
|-
! style="width:125px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Line'''<br />[corridor map]</small>
! <small>'''Route Description'''</small>
! style="width:40px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Designed<br />Speed<br />(km/h)'''<br /></small>
! style="width:45px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Length<br />(km)'''<br /></small>
! style="width:55px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Construction<br />Start Date'''<br /></small>
! style="width:55px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Open Date'''<br /></small>
|- style="background:#eee;"
|style="font-size:100%; text-align:left; line-height:1.05"|[[File:Beijing-Harbin Line.png|45px|left]]'''[[Beijing–Harbin High-Speed Railway|Beijing–Harbin]]'''<br /><small>(Jingha HSR)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|Main HSR corridor of [[Northeast China]]
|'''350'''
|'''1700'''
|'''2007-08-23'''
|'''2019'''
|-
|[[Beijing–Shenyang High-Speed Railway|Beijing–Shenyang]]<br /><small>(Jingshen High-Speed Railway)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR from [[Beijing]] to [[Shenyang]] via [[Chengde]], [[Fuxin]] and [[Chaoyang, Liaoning|Chaoyang]]
|350
|684
|2014-02-28<ref>{{Cite news | title=Work starts on Beijing-Shenyang high-speed railway | newspaper=People's Daily Online | date=2014-03-03 | url=http://english.people.com.cn/90882/8552731.html | accessdate=2014-04-17}}</ref>
|2019<ref>{{Cite news | title=Construction begun on new Beijing-Shenyang line | newspaper=china.org.cn | date=2014-03-10 | url=http://beijing.china.org.cn/2014-03/10/content_31751127.htm | accessdate=2014-09-04}}</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|[[Harbin–Dalian High-Speed Railway|Harbin–Dalian]]<br /><small>(Hada HSR)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR from [[Harbin]] to [[Dalian]] via Shenyang & [[Changchun]]
|350
|904
|2007-08-23
|2012-12-01<ref>{{Cite news | title=World's fastest railway in frigid regions starts operation
| newspaper=English.news.cn | date=2012-12-01 | url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/sci/2012-12/01/c_132011647.htm | accessdate=2012-12-01}}</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|[[Panjin–Yingkou High-Speed Railway|Panjin–Yingkou]]<br /><small>(Panying HSR)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|Connects [[Yingkou]] on Harbin–Dalian HSR with [[Panjin]] on [[Qinshen Passenger Railway|Qinhuangdao-Shenyang HSR]]
|350
|89
|2009-05-31
|2013-09-12<ref>{{Cite news|title=盘锦至营口高速铁路运营 大连到北京6小时|newspaper=人民网|date=2013-09-12|url = http://society.people.com.cn/n/2013/0912/c1008-22902935.html|accessdate = 2013-09-18}}</ref>
|}
</div></div>
<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="clear: both; border:0;">
<div class="NavHead" style="background:#bcffc5">[[Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway]] - 350&nbsp;km/h - 1,433&nbsp;km</div>
<div class="NavContent" style="text-align: left;">
{| class="wikitable sortable"  style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-size:96%; line-height:1.05"
|-
! style="width:125px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Line'''<br />[corridor map]</small>
! <small>'''Route Description'''</small>
! style="width:40px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Designed<br />Speed<br />(km/h)'''<br /></small>
! style="width:45px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Length<br />(km)'''<br /></small>
! style="width:55px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Construction<br />Start Date'''<br /></small>
! style="width:55px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Open Date'''<br /></small>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| style="font-size:100%; text-align:left;"|[[File:Beijing-Shanghai Line.png|45px|left]]'''[[Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway|Beijing–Shanghai]]'''<br /><small>(Jinghu HSR)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|Main north-south high-speed railway of [[East China]]
|'''350'''
|'''1433'''
|'''2008-01-08'''
|'''2012-10-16'''
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|[[Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway|Beijing–Shanghai]]<br /><small>(Jinghu HSR)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR from [[Beijing]] to [[Shanghai]] via [[Tianjin]], [[Jinan]], [[Xuzhou]], [[Bengbu]] and [[Nanjing]]
|350
|1302
|2008-04-18
|2011-06-30<ref>{{Cite news | last = Zha | first = Minjie | title = Beijing-Shanghai high speed rail to be launched June 30 | newspaper=Shanghai Daily | date = 2011-06-23 | url = http://www.shanghaidaily.com/nsp/Metro/2011/06/23/BeijingShanghai%2Bhigh%2Bspeed%2Brail%2Bto%2Bbe%2Blaunched%2BJune%2B30/ | accessdate =2011-06-25}}</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|[[Hefei–Bengbu High-Speed Railway|Hefei–Bengbu]]<br /><small>(Hebeng HSR)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|Spur off Jinghu HSR from Bengbu to [[Hefei]]
|350
|131
|2008-01-08
|2012-10-16<ref>{{Cite news|title = China launches new high-speed railway|newspaper = People's Daily Online|date = 2012-10-17|url = http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90778/7979709.html|accessdate = 2012-11-02}}</ref>
|}
</div></div>
<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="clear: both; border:0;">
<div class="NavHead" style="background:#F8FFF5">[[Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong High-Speed Railway]] - 200–350&nbsp;km/h - 2,229&nbsp;km</div>
<div class="NavContent" style="text-align: left;">
{| class="wikitable sortable"  style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-size:96%; line-height:1.05"
|-
! style="width:125px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Line'''<br />[corridor map]</small>
! <small>'''Route Description'''</small>
! style="width:40px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Designed<br />Speed<br />(km/h)'''<br /></small>
! style="width:45px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Length<br />(km)'''<br /></small>
! style="width:55px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Construction<br />Start Date'''<br /></small>
! style="width:55px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Open Date'''<br /></small>
|-
| style="font-size:100%; text-align:left;"|[[File:Beijing-Hong Kong Line.png|45px|left]]'''[[Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong High-Speed Railway|Beijing–Guangzhou–Shenzhen–Hong Kong]]'''<br /><small>(Jingguangshengang HSR)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|Main north-south high-speed rail corridor through [[North China|North]] and [[South Central China]]
|'''200-<br />350'''
|'''2229'''
|'''2005-09-01'''
|'''Q3 2018'''
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|[[Beijing–Shijiazhuang High-Speed Railway|Beijing–Shijiazhuang]]<br /><small>(Jingshi HSR)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR from Beijing to [[Shijiazhuang]]
|350
|281
|2008-10-08
|2012-12-26<ref name="rg_jingguang_complete">{{Cite news | title =  Beijing - Guangzhou high speed line completed | newspaper= Railway Gazette | date = 2012-12-26 | url = http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/passenger/single-view/view/beijing-guangzhou-high-speed-line-completed.html | accessdate = 2012-12-28}}</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|rowspan="2" |[[Shijiazhuang–Wuhan High-Speed Railway|Shijiazhuang–Wuhan]]<br /><small>(Shiwu HSR)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR from Shijiazhuang to [[Zhengzhou]]
|rowspan="2" |350
|rowspan="2" |838
|rowspan="2" |2008-10-15
|2012-12-26<ref name="rg_jingguang_complete" />
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left" |HSR from Zhengzhou to [[Wuhan]]
|2012-09-28<ref>{{Cite news | title = New high-speed railway spurs debate over prices | url = http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90882/7962340.html | newspaper = People's Daily Online | date = 2012-09-27 | accessdate = 2012-09-27}}</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|[[Wuhan–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway|Wuhan–Guangzhou]]<br /><small>(Wuguang HSR)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR from Wuhan to [[Guangzhou]] via [[Changsha]]
|350
|968
|2005-09-01
|2009-12-26<br />2010-01-30<ref>{{Cite news | title=Guangzhou south railway station to open on Jan. 30 | url=http://www.newsgd.com/news/GDNews/content/2010-01/05/content_7807746.htm  | newspaper=Newsgd.com | date=2010-01-05 | accessdate=2013-10-08 }}</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|rowspan="2"|[[Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link|Guangzhou–Shenzhen]]<br /><small>(Guangshengang XRL)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|Mainland section of the Express Rail Link. HSR from Guangzhou to [[Shenzhen North Railway Station]].
|rowspan="2"|350
|rowspan="2"|116
|rowspan="2"|2008-08-20
|2011-12-26<ref>{{Cite news | last1 = Lu | first1 = Yanan | last2 = Zeng | first2 = Yong | title = Guangzhou-Shenzhen high-speed railway opens | newspaper=People's Daily Online | date = 2011-12-26 | url = http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90882/7688181.html | accessdate =2011-12-26}}</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|Mainland section of the Express Rail Link. HSR from Shenzhen North to the border of Hong Kong.
|2015-12-30<ref>{{Cite news|title = Asia's largest underground railway station opens for business.|newspaper = SmartRail World|date = 2016-01-05|url = http://www.smartrailworld.com/asias-largest-underground-railway-station-opens-for-business|accessdate = 2016-01-29}}</ref>
|-
|[[Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link Hong Kong Section|Shenzhen–Hong Kong]]<br /><small>(Guangshengang XRL)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|Hong Kong section of the Express Rail Link. HSR from the border of Shenzhen to Hong Kong.
|200
|26
|2010
|Q3 2018<ref>{{Cite news |title = MTR's Guangzhou high-speed rail link won't open until 2018 and is 30 per cent over budget|newspaper = South China Morning Post|date = 2015-09-14|url = http://www.scmp.com/news/hong-kong/economy/article/1857861/hong-kong-government-demands-answers-mtr-corporation-over|accessdate = 2016-01-29}}</ref>
|}
</div></div>
<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="clear: both; border:0;">
<div class="NavHead" style="background:#bcffc5">[[Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway]] - 250–350&nbsp;km/h - 1,495&nbsp;km</div>
<div class="NavContent" style="text-align: left;">
{| class="wikitable sortable"  style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-size:96%; line-height:1.05"
|-
! style="width:125px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Line'''<br />[corridor map]</small>
! <small>'''Route Description'''</small>
! style="width:40px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Designed<br />Speed<br />(km/h)'''<br /></small>
! style="width:45px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Length<br />(km)'''<br /></small>
! style="width:55px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Construction<br />Start Date'''<br /></small>
! style="width:55px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Open Date'''<br /></small>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| style="font-size:100%; text-align:left;"|[[File:Shanghai-Shenzhen Line.png|45px|left]]'''[[Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway|Hangzhou–Fuzhou–Shenzhen]]'''<br /><small>(Hangfushen HSR)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|Southeast Coastal Corridor from Shanghai to [[Shenzhen]], with plans for a rail bridge across the [[Hangzhou Bay]] by 2020.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://business.highbeam.com/436093/article-1G1-187600522/railway-bridge-cross-hangzhou-bay |title=Railway Bridge to Cross Hangzhou Bay |publisher=HighBeam Business}}</ref>
|'''250-<br />350'''
|'''1450'''
|'''2005-08-01'''
|'''2013-12-28'''
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|[[Hangzhou–Ningbo High-Speed Railway|Hangzhou–Ningbo]]<br /><small>(Hangyong HSR)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|High-speed PDL from Hangzhou to [[Ningbo]]
|350
|152
|2009-04
|2013-07-01<ref name="xinhua-hangzhou-2013">{{Cite news | title=New high-speed railways open to promote intercity development | newspaper=Xinhua | date=2013-07-01 | url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2013-07/01/c_132502158.htm | accessdate=2013-07-02}}</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|[[Ningbo–Taizhou–Wenzhou Railway|Ningbo–Taizhou–Wenzhou]]<br /><small>(Yongtaiwen HSR)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|Mixed passenger & freight HSR line along the coast of [[Zhejiang Province]] from Ningbo to [[Wenzhou]] via [[Taizhou, Zhejiang|Taizhou]].
|250
|268
|2005-10-27
|2009-09-28
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|[[Wenzhou–Fuzhou Railway|Wenzhou–Fuzhou]]<br /><small>(Wenfu HSR)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|Mixed passenger & freight HSR line from Wenzhou to [[Fuzhou]].
|250
|298
|2005-01-08
|2009-09-28
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
||[[Fuzhou–Xiamen Railway|Fuzhou–Xiamen]]<br /><small>(Fuxia HSR)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"| Mixed passenger & freight HSR line along the coast of [[Fujian Province]] from Fuzhou to [[Xiamen]] via [[Putian]] & [[Quanzhou]].
|250
|275
|2005-10-01
|2010-04-26
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
||[[Xiamen–Shenzhen Railway|Xiamen–Shenzhen]]<br /><small>(Xiashen HSR)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"| Mixed passenger & freight HSR line along the coast of [[Fujian Province|Fujian]] and [[Guangdong Province|Guangdong]] from Xiamen to [[Shenzhen]] via [[Zhangzhou]], [[Shantou]] & [[Huizhou]].
|250
|502
|2007-11-23
|2013-12-28<ref>{{Cite news|title=Xiamen-Shenzhen High Speed Railway opens to traffic|date=2013-12-28|newspaper=China Daily|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/photo/2013-12/28/content_17203079.htm|accessdate=2013-12-29}}</ref>
|}
</div></div>
'''Four East-West HSR corridors and constituent lines'''
<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="clear: both; border:0;">
<div class="NavHead" style="background:#F8FFF5">[[Qingdao–Taiyuan High-Speed Railway]] - 250&nbsp;km/h - 873&nbsp;km</div>
<div class="NavContent" style="text-align: left;">
{| class="wikitable sortable"  style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-size:96%; line-height:1.05"
|-
! style="width:125px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Line'''<br />[corridor map]</small>
! <small>'''Route Description'''</small>
! style="width:40px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Designed<br />Speed<br />(km/h)'''<br /></small>
! style="width:45px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Length<br />(km)'''<br /></small>
! style="width:55px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Construction<br />Start Date'''<br /></small>
! style="width:55px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Open Date'''<br /></small>
|- style="background:#eee;"
| style="font-size:100%; text-align:left;"|[[File:Qingdao-Taiyuan Line.png|45px|left]]'''[[Qingdao–Taiyuan High-Speed Railway|Qingdao–Taiyuan]]'''<br /><small>(Qingtai HSR)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR across [[North China]] consisting of three segments connecting Taiyuan, Shijiazhuang, Jinan and Qingdao.
|'''250'''
|'''873'''
|'''2005-06-01'''
|'''2017'''
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
||[[Jiao'ao–Jinan High-Speed Railway|Jiao'ao (Qingdao)–Jinan]]<br /><small>(Jiaoji HSR)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|PDL connecting Qingdao and Jinan
|250
|364
|2007-01-28
|2008-12-20
|-
||[[Shijiazhuang–Jinan High-Speed Railway|Jinan–Shijiazhuang]]<br /><small>(Shijiazhuang–Jinan High-Speed Railway)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|PDL connecting Shijiazhuang & Jinan via [[Dezhou]]
|250
|319
|2014-03-16<ref>{{Cite news | title=石家庄至济南铁路客运专线正式开工建设 | newspaper=央广网新闻 | date=2014-03-17 | url=http://news.cnr.cn/native/city/201403/t20140317_515094728.shtml | accessdate=2013-07-09}}</ref>
|2017
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|[[Shijiazhuang–Taiyuan High-Speed Railway|Shijiazhuang–Taiyuan]]<br /><small>(Shijiazhuang–Taiyuan High-Speed Railway)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|PDL connecting Shijiazhuang & Taiyuan.
|250
|190
|2005-06-11
|2009-04-01
|}
</div></div>
<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="clear: both; border:0;">
<div class="NavHead" style="background:#F8FFF5">[[Xuzhou–Lanzhou High-Speed Railway]] - 250–350&nbsp;km/h - 1,363&nbsp;km</div>
<div class="NavContent" style="text-align: left;">
{| class="wikitable sortable"  style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-size:96%; line-height:1.05"
|-
! style="width:125px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Line'''<br />[corridor map]</small>
! <small>'''Route Description'''</small>
! style="width:40px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Designed<br />Speed<br />(km/h)'''<br /></small>
! style="width:45px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Length<br />(km)'''<br /></small>
! style="width:55px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Construction<br />Start Date'''<br /></small>
! style="width:55px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Open Date'''<br /></small>
|- style="background:#eee;"
| style="font-size:100%; text-align:left;"|[[File:Xuzhou-Lanzhou Line.png|45px|left]]'''[[Xuzhou–Lanzhou High-Speed Railway|Xuzhou–Lanzhou]]'''<br /><small>(Xulan High-Speed Railway)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR across the [[Yellow River]] Valley of central China, consisting of four segments connecting [[Xuzhou]], [[Zhengzhou]], [[Xian]], [[Baoji]] and [[Lanzhou]].
|'''250-<br />350'''
|'''1363'''
|'''2005-06-01'''
|'''2017'''
|-
||[[Zhengzhou–Xuzhou High-Speed Railway|Xuzhou–Zhengzhou]]<br /><small>(Zhengzhou–Xuzhou High-Speed Railway)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|PDL connecting Xuzhou & Zhengzhou
|350
|357
|2012-12-26<ref>{{Cite news | title=郑徐高铁"超计划"动工 郑州将成"米"型高铁枢纽 | newspaper=中国新闻网 | date=2012-12-26 | url=http://finance.chinanews.com/cj/2012/12-26/4438892.shtml | accessdate=2012-12-31}}</ref>
|2016-12
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
||[[Zhengzhou–Xi'an High-Speed Railway|Zhengzhou–Xi'an]]<br /><small>(Zhengzhou–Xi'an High-Speed Railway)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|PDL connecting Zhengzhou & Xian
|350
|455
|2005-09-01
|2010-02-06
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
||[[Xi'an–Baoji High-Speed Railway|Xi'an–Baoji]]<br /><small>(Xi'an–Baoji High-Speed Railway)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|PDL connecting Xi'an & Baoji
|350
|148
|2009-11-22
|2013-12-28<ref name=People-100000km>{{Cite news | title=China's railways mileage tops 100,000 km | date=2013-12-28 | newspaper=People's Daily | url=http://english.people.com.cn/business/8498522.html | accessdate=2013-12-29}}</ref>
|-
||[[Baoji–Lanzhou High-Speed Railway|Baoji–Lanzhou]]<br /><small>(Baoji–Lanzhou High-Speed Railway)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|PDL connecting Baoji & Lanzhou
|250
|403
|2012-10<ref>[http://news.huochepiao.com/2012-10/2012102110153612.htm 宝鸡至兰州铁路客运专线建设项目启动], Xinhua, 2012-10-21</ref><ref>[http://news.huochepiao.com/2012-10/2012102110151258.htm 宝鸡至兰州客运专线陕西段工程开工建设], 2012-10-21</ref><ref>[http://auto.cnfol.com/121027/169,1691,13530602,00.shtml 宝鸡至兰州的客运专线昨天在榆中奠基], 2012-10-27</ref>
|2017
|}
</div></div>
<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="clear: both; border:0;">
<div class="NavHead" style="background:#bcffc5">[[Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu High-Speed Railway]] - 200–350&nbsp;km/h - 2,078&nbsp;km</div>
<div class="NavContent" style="text-align: left;">
{| class="wikitable sortable"  style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-size:96%; line-height:1.05"
|-
! style="width:125px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Line'''<br />[corridor map]</small>
! <small>'''Route Description'''</small>
! style="width:40px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Designed<br />Speed<br />(km/h)'''<br /></small>
! style="width:45px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Length<br />(km)'''<br /></small>
! style="width:55px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Construction<br />Start Date'''<br /></small>
! style="width:55px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Open Date'''<br /></small>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| style="font-size:100%; text-align:left;"|[[File:Shanghai-Chengdu Line.png|45px|left]] '''[[Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu High-Speed Railway|Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu]]'''<br /><small>(Huhanrong HSR)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR corridor through the [[Yangtze River|Yangtze]] Valley, consisting of the Shanghai-Nanjing section of the Beijing–Shanghai PDL, and 7 mixed-use HSR segments connecting Nanjing, [[Hefei]], [[Wuhan]], [[Yichang]], [[Lichuan, Hubei|Lichuan]], Chongqing, [[Suining]] & [[Chengdu]].
|'''200-<br />350'''
|'''2078'''
|'''2003-12-01'''
|'''2013-12-28'''
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
||[[Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway|Shanghai–Nanjing]]<br /><small></small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|shares track with Shanghai-Nanjing section of [[Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway|Beijing-Shanghai HSR]]
|350
|301
|2008-07-01
|2010-07-01
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
||[[Hefei–Nanjing High-Speed Railway|Nanjing–Hefei]]<br /><small>(Hening HSR)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|Mixed passenger & freight HSR connecting Nanjing & Hefei
|250
|166
|2005-06-11
|2008-04-19
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
||[[Hefei–Wuhan High-Speed Railway|Hefei–Wuhan]]<br /><small>(Hewu HSR)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|Mixed passenger & freight HSR connecting Hefei & Wuhan
|250
|351
|2005-08-01
|2009-04-01
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|[[Hankou–Yichang Railway|Hankou (Wuhan)–Yichang]]<br /><small>(Hanyi R.R.)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|Mixed passenger & freight HSR connecting Wuhan & Yichang
|250
|293
|2008-09-17
|2012-07-01
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|[[Yichang–Wanzhou Railway|Yichang–Wanzhou]]<br /><small>(Yichang–Lichuan section of Yiwan R.R.)<br /></small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|Mixed passenger & freight HSR connecting Yichang & Lichuan<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-12/22/c_13659757.htm|title=Yiwan Railway: a project with 253 bridges and 159 tunnels|publisher=Xinhua|date=2010-12-23|accessdate=2010-12-23}}</ref>
|200
|377
|2003-12-01
|2010-12-23
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|[[Chongqing–Lichuan Railway|Lichuan–Chongqing]]<br /><small>(Yuli R.R.)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|Mixed passenger & freight HSR connecting Lichuan & Chongqing
|200
|264
|2008-12-29
|2013-12-28<ref name=People-100000km />
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|[[Suining−Chongqing Railway|Chongqing–Suining]]<br /><small>(Suiyu R.R.)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|Mixed passenger & freight HSR connecting Chongqing & Suining
|200
|132
|2009-01-18
|2012-12-31
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|[[Dazhou–Chengdu Railway|Dazhou–Chengdu]]<br /><small>(Suining–Chengdu section of Dacheng R.R.)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|Mixed passenger & freight HSR connecting Suining & Chengdu.
|200
|148
|2005-05
|2009-06-30
|}
</div></div>
<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="clear: both; border:0;">
<div class="NavHead" style="background:#F8FFF5">[[Shanghai–Kunming High-Speed Railway]] - 350&nbsp;km/h - 2,066&nbsp;km</div>
<div class="NavContent" style="text-align: left;">
{| class="wikitable sortable"  style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-size:96%; line-height:1.05"
|-
! style="width:125px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Line'''<br />[corridor map]</small>
! <small>'''Route Description'''</small>
! style="width:40px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Designed<br />Speed<br />(km/h)'''<br /></small>
! style="width:45px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Length<br />(km)'''<br /></small>
! style="width:55px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Construction<br />Start Date'''<br /></small>
! style="width:55px; line-height:1.05"|<small>'''Open Date'''<br /></small>
|- style="background:#eee;"
|style="font-size:100%; text-align:left;"|[[File:Shanghai-Kunming Line.png|45px|left]]'''[[Shanghai–Kunming High-Speed Railway|Shanghai–Kunming]]'''<br /><small>(Hukun HSR)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|PDL connecting [[East China|East]], [[Central China|Central]] and [[Southwest China]]. It consists of three sections connecting Shanghai, [[Hangzhou]], [[Changsha]] and [[Kunming]].
|'''350'''
|'''2066'''
|'''2008-12-28'''
|'''2016'''
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|[[Shanghai–Hangzhou High-Speed Railway|Shanghai–Hangzhou]]<br /><small>(Shanghai–Hangzhou High-Speed Railway)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|PDL connecting [[Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station|Shanghai Hongqiao]] & [[Hangzhou East Railway Station|Hangzhou East]].
|350
|150
|2009-02-26
|2010-10-26
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|rowspan="2" |[[Shanghai–Kunming High-Speed Railway|Hangzhou–Changsha]]<br /><small>(Hangzhou–Changsha High-Speed Railway)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|PDL from Hangzhou to [[Nanchang]]
|rowspan="2" |350
|582
|2010-07-01
|2014-12-10<ref>{{Cite news | title=杭长铁路客运专线浙江段电气化接触网全线贯通  | newspaper=Xinhua | date=2014-05-29 | url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2014-05/29/c_1110922689.htm | accessdate=2014-09-04}}</ref><ref>(Chinese) [http://news.xinhuanet.com/local/2014-12/10/c_1113592369.htm "沪昆高铁南昌至杭州段正式开通运营" Xinhua] 2014-12-10</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left" |PDL from Nanchang to [[Changsha]]
|344
|2009-02-26
|2014-09-16<ref>{{Cite news|title=Nanchang-Changsha high speed railway starts operation|newspaper=People's Daily Online|date=2014-09-16|url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/n/2014/0916/c90882-8783361.html|accessdate=2014-09-16}}</ref>
|-
|rowspan="2" |[[Shanghai–Kunming High-Speed Railway|Changsha–Kunming]]<br /><small>(Changsha–Kunming High-Speed Railway)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; background:#bcffc5; text-align:left"|PDL from Changsha to [[Guiyang]]
|rowspan="2" |350
|style="background:#bcffc5;"|702
|rowspan="2" |2010-03-26
|style="background:#bcffc5;"|2015-6-18<ref>{{Cite news|title=沪昆高铁长怀段12月16日通车 邵阳北站各项准备工作完成|newspaper=人民网|date=2015-06-18|url=http://hn.people.com.cn/n/2014/1216/c356883-23239852.html|accessdate=2015-06-18}}</ref>
|-
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left" |PDL from Guiyang to [[Kunming]]
|473
|2016<ref>{{Cite news | title=杭长客专全线开通预计要到年底 | newspaper=Hangzhou Daily| date=2014-03-04 | url=http://hzdaily.hangzhou.com.cn/hzrb/html/2014-03/04/content_1683713.htm | accessdate=2014-09-04}}</ref>
|}
</div></div>

===Other high-speed rail lines===
According to the "Mid-to-Long Term Railway Network Plan" (revised in 2008), the MOR plans to build over {{convert|40000|km|mi|abbr=on}} of railway in order to expand the railway network in western China and to fill gaps in the networks of eastern and central China. Some of these new railways are being built to accommodate speeds of {{convert|200|–|250|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} for both passengers and freight. These are also considered high-speed rail though they are not part of the national PDL grid or Intercity High Speed Rail.

{{colorbox|#bcffc5}} Completed lines  {{colorbox|#F8FFF5}} Partially completed lines. Click [show] for details.
<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="clear: both; border:0;">
<div class="NavHead" style="background:#bcffc5">[[Lanzhou–Xinjiang High-Speed Railway]] - 250&nbsp;km/h - 1776&nbsp;km</div>
<div class="NavContent" style="text-align: left;">
{| class="wikitable sortable"  style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-size:96%; line-height:1.05;"
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
! style="width:125px;"|<small>'''Line'''<br />[corridor map]</small>
! <small>'''Route Description'''</small>
! style="width:40px;"|<small>'''Designed<br />Speed<br />(km/h)'''<br /></small>
! style="width:45px;"|<small>'''Length<br />(km)'''<br /></small>
! style="width:55px;"|<small>'''Construction<br />Start Date'''<br /></small>
! style="width:55px;"|<small>'''Open Date'''<br /></small>
|- style="background:#bcffc5"
| style="font-size:100%; text-align:left;"|[[File:Lanzhou-Ürümqi Line.png|45px|left]]'''[[Lanzhou–Xinjiang High-Speed Railway|Lanzhou–Ürümqi]]'''<br /><small>(Lanzhou-Xinjiang High-Speed Railway)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR from [[Lanzhou]] to [[Ürümqi]] via [[Xining]], [[Zhangye]], [[Jiuquan]], [[Jiayuguan (city)|Jiayuguan]], [[Hami City|Hami]] & [[Turpan]]
|'''250'''
|'''1776'''
|'''2010'''
|'''2014'''
|- style="background:#bcffc5"
| style="font-size:100%; text-align:center;"|[[Lanzhou–Xinjiang High-Speed Railway|Lanzhou–Hami]]<br />Section
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR from [[Lanzhou]] to [[Hami City|Hami]] via [[Xining]], [[Zhangye]], [[Jiuquan]] & [[Jiayuguan (city)|Jiayuguan]]
|250
|1236
|2010
|2014-12-26<ref>{{Cite news|title=Urumqi-Lanzhou high-speed rail starts full operation|newspaper=People's Daily Online|date=2014-12-26|url=http://en.people.cn/n/2014/1226/c90882-8828374.html|accessdate=2014-12-26}}</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5"
| style="font-size:100%; text-align:center;"|[[Lanzhou–Xinjiang High-Speed Railway|Hami–Ürümqi]]<br />Section
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR from [[Hami City|Hami]] to [[Ürümqi]] via  & [[Turpan]]
|250
|540
|2010
|2014-11-16
|}
</div></div>
<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="clear: both; border:0;">
<div class="NavHead" style="background:#bcffc5">Tianjin-Shenyang High-Speed Railway - 250 – 350&nbsp;km/h - 665&nbsp;km</div>
<div class="NavContent" style="text-align: left;">
{| class="wikitable sortable"  style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-size:96%; line-height:1.05;"
|-
! style="width:125px;"|<small>'''Line'''<br />[corridor map]</small>
! <small>'''Route Description'''</small>
! style="width:40px;"|<small>'''Designed<br />Speed<br />(km/h)'''<br /></small>
! style="width:45px;"|<small>'''Length<br />(km)'''<br /></small>
! style="width:55px;"|<small>'''Construction<br />Start Date'''<br /></small>
! style="width:55px;"|<small>'''Open Date'''<br /></small>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| style="font-size:100%; text-align:left;"|[[File:Tianjin-Shenyang Line.png|45px|left]]'''Tianjin–Shenyang HSR'''
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR link between the Jingha and Jinghu PDL from [[Tianjin]] to [[Shenyang]] through [[Qinhuangdao]].
|'''250-350'''
|'''665'''
|'''1999'''
|'''2013-12-01'''
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|[[Tianjin–Qinhuangdao High-Speed Railway|Tianjin–Qinhuangdao]]<br /><small>(Tianjin–Qinhuangdao High-Speed Railway)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|PDL connecting [[Tianjin]] & [[Qinhuangdao]].
|350
|261
|2008
|2013-12-01<ref>{{Cite news | title=New high-speed railway starts operation in north China| url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2013-12/01/c_132932251.htm | newspaper=Xinhuanet| date=2013-12-01 | accessdate=2013-12-01 }}</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|[[Qinhuangdao–Shenyang High-Speed Railway|Qinhuangdao–Shenyang]]<br /><small>(Qinhuangdao–Shenyang High-Speed Railway)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|PDL connecting [[Qinhuangdao]] & [[Shenyang]].
|250
|404
|1999
|2003-07-01
|}
</div></div>
<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="clear: both; border:0;">
<div class="NavHead" style="background:#bcffc5">Guangxi Coastal High-Speed Railway - 250&nbsp;km/h - 261&nbsp;km</div>
<div class="NavContent" style="text-align: left;">
{| class="wikitable sortable"  style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-size:96%; line-height:1.05;"
|-
! style="width:125px;"|<small>'''Line'''<br />[corridor map]</small>
! <small>'''Route Description'''</small>
! style="width:40px;"|<small>'''Designed<br />Speed<br />(km/h)'''<br /></small>
! style="width:45px;"|<small>'''Length<br />(km)'''<br /></small>
! style="width:55px;"|<small>'''Construction<br />Start Date'''<br /></small>
! style="width:55px;"|<small>'''Open Date'''<br /></small>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| style="font-size:100%; text-align:center;"|'''[[Guangxi Coastal Railway Expansion and Reconstruction Project|Guangxi Coastal]]'''<br /><small>(Guangxi Coastal Railway Expansion and Reconstruction Project)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR from Nanning to the [[Guangxi]] coast via [[Qinzhou]].
|'''250'''
|'''261'''
|'''2008-12-11'''
|'''2013-12-28'''
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|[[Nanning–Qinzhou High-Speed Railway|Nanning–Qinzhou]]<br /><small>(Nanning–Qinzhou High-Speed Railway)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR from [[Nanning]] to [[Qinzhou]].
|250<ref>{{Cite news | title = News in Brief | newspaper=Railway Gazette International| date = 2011-12-04 | url = http://www.railwaygazette.com/nc/news/single-view/view/news-in-brief-64.html | accessdate = 2012-01-11}}</ref>
|99
|2008-12-11<ref>{{Cite news | title = High Speed Railway Promotes the Urban Integration of 4 Cities in Guangxi Beibu Gulf Economic Zone | newspaper=China-ASEAN Online | date = 2012-07-02 | url = http://www.cnaol.net/staticpages/20120702/newgx4ff0f33b-5567038.shtml | accessdate = 2012-10-23}}</ref>
|2013-12-28<ref name="Xinhua-Dec13">{{Cite news | title=铁路总公司：12月28日中国多条铁路将开通运营 | newspaper=新华网 | date=2013-12-26 | url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2013-12/26/c_118723097.htm | accessdate=2013-12-29 }}</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|[[Qinzhou–Fangchenggang High-Speed Railway|Qinzhou–Fangchenggang]]<br /><small>(Qinzhou–Fangchenggang High-Speed Railway)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR from Qinzhou to [[Fangchenggang]].
|250
|63
|2009-06-23
|2013-12-28<ref name="Xinhua-Dec13"/>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|[[Qinzhou–Beihai High-Speed Railway|Qinzhou–Beihai]]<br /><small>(Qinzhou–Beihai High-Speed Railway)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR from Qinzhou to [[Beihai]].
|250
|100
|2009-06-23
|2013-12-28<ref name="Xinhua-Dec13"/>
|}
</div></div>
<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="clear: both; border:0;">
<div class="NavHead" style="background:#F8FFF5">[[Datong–Xi'an Passenger Dedicated Railway Line|Datong–Xian High-Speed Railway]] - 200–250&nbsp;km/h - 859&nbsp;km</div>
<div class="NavContent" style="text-align: left;">
{| class="wikitable sortable"  style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-size:96%; line-height:1.05;"
|-
! style="width:125px;"|<small>'''Line'''<br />[corridor map]</small>
! <small>'''Route Description'''</small>
! style="width:40px;"|<small>'''Designed<br />Speed<br />(km/h)'''<br /></small>
! style="width:45px;"|<small>'''Length<br />(km)'''<br /></small>
! style="width:55px;"|<small>'''Construction<br />Start Date'''<br /></small>
! style="width:55px;"|<small>'''Open Date'''<br /></small>
|- style="background:#eee;"
| style="font-size:100%; text-align:center;"|'''[[Datong–Xi'an Passenger Dedicated Railway Line|Datong–Xi'an]]'''<br /><small>(Datong–Xi'an High-Speed Railway)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR from [[Datong]] to [[Xi'an]] via [[Taiyuan]].
|'''200–250'''
|'''859'''
|'''2009-12-03'''
|'''2016'''
|- style="background:#eee;"
| style="font-size:100%; text-align:center;"|'''[[Datong–Xi'an Passenger Dedicated Railway Line|Datong–Taiyuan]]'''<br />
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR from [[Datong]] to [[Taiyuan]].
|'''200-250'''
|
|2009-12-03
|2016
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|style="font-size:100%; text-align:center;"|'''[[Datong–Xi'an Passenger Dedicated Railway Line|Taiyuan–Xi'an]]'''<br />
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR from [[Taiyuan]] to [[Xi'an]]
|'''250'''
|
|2009-12-03
|2014-07-01<ref>{{Cite news | title=Taiyuan – Xi'an high speed line opens | newspaper=Railway Gazette | date=2014-07-03 | url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/high-speed/single-view/view/taiyuan-xian-high-speed-line-opens.html| accessdate=2014-07-08}}</ref>
|}
</div></div>
<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="clear: both; border:0;">
<div class="NavHead" style="background:#F8FFF5">[[Chengdu–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway]] - 250&nbsp;km/h - 1376&nbsp;km</div>
<div class="NavContent" style="text-align: left;">
{| class="wikitable sortable"  style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-size:96%; line-height:1.05;"
|-
! style="width:125px;"|<small>'''Line'''<br />[corridor map]</small>
! <small>'''Route Description'''</small>
! style="width:40px;"|<small>'''Designed<br />Speed<br />(km/h)'''<br /></small>
! style="width:45px;"|<small>'''Length<br />(km)'''<br /></small>
! style="width:55px;"|<small>'''Construction<br />Start Date'''<br /></small>
! style="width:55px;"|<small>'''Open Date'''<br /></small>
|- style="background:#eee;"
| style="font-size:100%; text-align:left;"|[[File:Chengdu-Guangzhou Line.png|45px|left]]'''[[Chengdu–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway|Chengdu–Guangzhou]]''' <small>(Chengguang High-Speed Railway)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR from the [[Pearl River Delta]] to the [[Sichuan Basin]] via [[Guiyang]] & [[Guilin]].
|'''300–350'''
|'''1376'''
|'''2008-10-13'''
|'''2019'''
|-
|[[Chengdu–Guiyang High-Speed Railway|Chengdu–Guiyang]]<br /><small>(Chengdu–Guiyang High-Speed Railway)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|PDL connecting [[Chengdu]] & [[Guiyang]] via [[Leshan]], [[Yibin]] & [[Bijie City|Bijie]].
|350
|519
|2013-12-25<ref name=CDSB20131226/>
|2019<ref name=CDSB20131226>(Chinese) [http://cd.qq.com/a/20131226/002366.htm 成贵高铁开工 2019年坐火车成都7小时到香港 成都商报] 2013-12-26</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|[[Guiyang–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway|Guiyang–Guangzhou]]<br /><small>(Guiyang–Guangzhou High-Speed Railway)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|PDL connecting [[Guiyang]] & [[Guangzhou]].
|250
|856
|2008-10-13
|2014-12-26<ref name="people-dec14">{{Cite news|title=贵广、南广高铁同时全线开通运营|newspaper=人民网|date=2014-12-26|url=http://travel.people.com.cn/n/2014/1226/c41570-26280369.html|accessdate=2014-12-26}}</ref>
|}
</div></div>
<div class="NavFrame collapsed" style="clear: both; border:0;">
<div class="NavHead" style="background:#fff;">[[Nanchang-Shenzhen High-Speed Railway]] - 250–350&nbsp;km/h - 880&nbsp;km</div>
<div class="NavContent" style="text-align: left;">
{| class="wikitable sortable"  style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-size:96%; line-height:1.05;"
|-
! style="width:125px;"|<small>'''Line'''<br />[corridor map]</small>
! <small>'''Route Description'''</small>
! style="width:40px;"|<small>'''Designed<br />Speed<br />(km/h)'''<br /></small>
! style="width:45px;"|<small>'''Length<br />(km)'''<br /></small>
! style="width:55px;"|<small>'''Construction<br />Start Date'''<br /></small>
! style="width:55px;"|<small>'''Open Date'''<br /></small>
|- style="background:#eee;"
| style="font-size:100%; text-align:center;"|'''[[Nanchang-Shenzhen High-Speed Railway|Nanchang-Shenzhen]]'''<br /><small>(Nanchang-Shenzhen High-Speed Railway)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR from the [[Pearl River Delta]] to the [[Jiangxi]] via [[Ganzhou]]
|'''250–350'''
|'''880'''
|'''2014-12-20'''
|'''2020'''
|-
|[[Nanchang–Ganzhou High-Speed Railway|Nanchang–Ganzhou]]<br /><small>(Nanchang–Ganzhou High-Speed Railway)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|PDL connecting [[Nanchang]] & [[Ganzhou]].
|250
|422
|2014-12-20<ref>{{Cite news|title=昌吉赣客专按时速350公里建设 昨日正式开工|newspaper=赣州市人民政府网|date=2014-12-21|url=http://www.ganzhou.gov.cn/zwgk/zwdt/zwyw/201412/t20141221_825917.htm|accessdate=2014-12-25}}</ref>
|2020
|-
|[[Ganzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway|Ganzhou–Shenzhen]]<br /><small>(Ganzhou–Shenzhen High-Speed Railway)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|PDL connecting [[Ganzhou]] & [[Shenzhen]].
|250
|458
|2015<ref>{{Cite news | title = Lawmakers: speed up Jiangxi rail connection  | newspaper = Shenzhen Daily | date = 2014-01-20 | url = http://szdaily.sznews.com/html/2014-01/20/content_2760119.htm| accessdate = 2014-01-20}}</ref>
|2020
|}
</div></div>
{| class="wikitable sortable"  style="width:100%; text-align:center; font-size:96%; line-height:1.05;"
|-
! style="width:125px;"|<small>'''Line'''<br />[corridor map]</small>
! <small>'''Route Description'''</small>
! style="width:40px;"|<small>'''Designed<br />Speed<br />(km/h)'''<br /></small>
! style="width:45px;"|<small>'''Length<br />(km)'''<br /></small>
! style="width:55px;"|<small>'''Construction<br />Start Date'''<br /></small>
! style="width:55px;"|<small>'''Open Date'''<br /></small>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| style="font-size:100%; text-align:center;"|'''[[Maoming–Zhanjiang High Speed Railway|Maoming–Zhanjiang]]'''<br /><small>(Maoming–Zhanjiang High-speed railway)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR from [[Maoming]] to [[Zhanjiang]]
|'''250'''
|'''103'''
|'''2009-03-21'''<ref>{{Cite news | title = SZ-Maoming high-speed rail approved  | newspaper = Shenzhen Daily | date = 2011-02-21 | url = http://www.szdaily.com/content/2011-02/21/content_5358226.htm | accessdate = 2012-11-03}}</ref>
|'''2013-12-28'''<ref>{{Cite news | title= 广东西部沿海高铁首段——茂湛铁路开通运营  | newspaper=中国新闻网 | date=2013-12-29 | url=http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2013/12-28/5674351.shtml | accessdate=2013-12-29}}</ref>
|- style="background:#eee;"
| style="font-size:100%; text-align:center;"|'''[[Shenzhen-Maoming High Speed Railway|Shenzhen-Maoming]]'''<br /><small>(Shenzhen-Maoming High-speed railway)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR from [[Shenzhen]] to [[Maoming]] via [[Nansha Subdistrict, Guangzhou|Nansha]], [[Zhongshan]], [[Jiangmen]] & [[Yangjiang]]
|'''250'''
|'''372'''
|'''2013'''<ref>{{Cite news|title=粤西部沿海高铁深圳至茂名段加紧筹建|newspaper=中国新闻网|date=2013-01-10|url=http://finance.chinanews.com/cj/2013/01-10/4478141.shtml|accessdate=2013-07-06}}</ref>
|'''2016'''
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| style="font-size:100%; text-align:center;"|'''[[Tianjin–Baoding Intercity Railway|Tianjin–Baoding]]'''<br /><small>(Tianjin–Baoding Intercity Railway)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR from [[Tianjin]] to [[Baoding]] via [[Bazhou City|Bazhou]] & [[Baiyangdian Lake|Baiyangdian]].
|'''250'''
|'''158'''
|'''2011-03-18'''
|'''2015-12-28'''<ref>{{Cite news|title = At a Glance|newspaper = Shenzhen Daily|date = 2015-12-29|url = http://szdaily.sznews.com/html/2015-12/29/content_3427828.htm|accessdate = 2016-01-29}}</ref>
|- style="background:#eee;"
| style="font-size:100%; text-align:center;"|'''[[Beijing-Zhangjiakou Intercity Railway|Beijing-Zhangjiakou]]'''
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR from Beijing to [[Zhangjiakou]].
|'''200'''
|'''173'''
|'''2014'''
|'''2017'''
|- style="background:#eee;"
| style="font-size:100%; text-align:center;"|'''[[Zhangjiakou–Hohot High-Speed Railway|Zhangjiakou–Hohhot]]'''
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR from [[Zhangjiakou]] to [[Hohhot]] via [[Ulanqab]].
|'''250'''
|'''286'''
|'''2014-3-28'''
|'''2018'''
|- style="background:#eee;"
| style="font-size:100%; text-align:center;"|'''Datong–Zhangjiakou'''
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR from Datong to Zhangjiakou
|'''250'''
|'''137'''
|201x
| -
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| style="font-size:100%; text-align:left;"|[[File:Hefei-Fuzhou Line.png|45px|left]]'''[[Hefei-Fuzhou Passenger Designated Railway Line|Hefei–Fuzhou]]'''<br /><small>(Hefei–Fuzhou High-Speed Railway)</small>
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR from the [[Hefei]] to [[Fuzhou]] via [[Huangshan (city)|Huangshan]], [[Shangrao]] & [[Wuyishan City|Wuyishan]].
|'''300'''
|'''806'''
|'''2010-04-27'''
|'''2015-06-28'''<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/high-speed/single-view/view/hefei-fuzhou-high-speed-line-opens.html|title = Hefei – Fuzhou high speed line opens|date = 2015-06-30|access-date = 2016-01-29|newspaper = Railway Gazette}}</ref>
|- style="background:#eee;"
| style="font-size:100%; text-align:center;"|'''[[Xi'an–Chengdu High-Speed Railway|Xi'an–Chengdu]]'''
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR from [[Xi'an]] to [[Chengdu]] via [[Hanzhong]] and [[Guangyuan]].
|'''250'''
|'''510'''
|'''2010-11-10'''
|'''2017'''
|- style="background:#eee;"
| style="font-size:100%; text-align:center;"|'''[[Chongqing–Guizhou High-Speed Railway|Chongqing–Guiyang]]'''
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR from [[Chongqing]] to [[Guiyang]].
|'''200'''
|'''345'''
|'''2010-12-22'''
|'''2017'''<ref>{{Cite news|title=贵广高铁通车 2017年重庆到广州铁路旅行时间约6小时|newspaper=新华网重庆频道|date=2014-11-24|url=http://www.cq.xinhuanet.com/2014-11/24/c_1113368259.htm|accessdate=2015-01-05}}</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:100%; text-align:center;" |'''[[Nanning-Kunming High-Speed Railway|Kunming–Nanning]]'''<br /><small>(formerly Yunnan–Guangxi High-speed railway)</small>
| rowspan="2" style="font-size:95%; text-align:left" |HSR from [[Nanning]] to [[Kunming]] via [[Baise]].
| rowspan="2" |'''200–250'''
| rowspan="2" |'''710'''
| rowspan="2" |'''2010-12-27'''
|'''2015-12-11'''<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://zhuanti.bsyjrb.com/node_1876.htm|title = 南昆客专南宁至百色段今日正式开通运营|date = 2015-12-11|accessdate = 2016-01-04|website = |publisher = |last = |first = }}</ref><br /><small>Nanning-Baise</small>
|- style="background:#eee;"
|'''2016'''<ref>(Chinese) [http://news.sohu.com/20091227/n269238081.shtml 云桂铁路开工建设] December 27, 2010</ref><br /><small>Baise-Kunming</small>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| style="font-size:100%; text-align:center;"|'''Jilin–Hunchun'''
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR linking [[Jilin]] and [[Hunchun]]
|'''250'''
|'''359'''
|'''2010'''<ref>[http://www.ybnews.cn/news/ybgaotie/201302/181767.html 吉林至珲春高铁将于2014年竣工通车] 2013-02-20</ref>
|'''2015-09-20'''<ref>{{Cite news|url = http://news.xwh.cn/2015/0919/345721.shtml|title = 长珲高铁20日全线开通 长春到延吉只需2小时05分|date = 2015-09-19|access-date = 2016-01-29|newspaper = 新文化网}}</ref>
|- style="background:#eee;"
| style="font-size:100%; text-align:center;"|'''Shangqiu–Hefei–Hangzhou'''
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR linking [[Shangqiu]], [[Hefei]] and [[Hangzhou]]
|'''350'''
|'''770'''
|'''2014'''<ref name="chinadaily-anhui-may14">{{Cite news|title=Huangshan - Hangzhou railway starts construction in the second half of 2014|newspaper=China Daily|date=2014-05-19|url=http://anhui.chinadaily.com.cn/travel/2014-05/19/content_17517290.htm|accessdate=2014-05-24}}</ref>
|'''2020'''<ref>(Chinese) [http://ah.anhuinews.com/system/2012/10/11/005248764.shtml "2020年快速铁路网将覆盖安徽 商合杭高铁力争早开工"] 2012-10-11</ref>
|- style="background:#eee;"
| style="font-size:100%; text-align:center;"|'''Zhengzhou–Wanzhou'''
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR linking Zhengzhou, [[Xiangyang]], [[Badong]] and [[Wanzhou]]
|'''-'''
|'''770'''
|'''2015'''<ref>[http://news.dahe.cn/2014/03-06/102670481.html 南阳将搭上郑渝高铁 国家已立项有望15年开建] 2014-03-06</ref>
|'''2020'''
|- style="background:#eee;"
| style="font-size:100%; text-align:center;"|'''Meizhou–Chaozhou-Shantou'''
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR linking [[Meizhou]], [[Chaozhou]] and [[Shantou]]
|'''250'''
|'''120'''
|'''2014'''<ref>{{cite web | url=http://en.meizhou.gov.cn/government/mznews/2014-06-17/1402973494d132521.html | title=Meizhou-Chaoshan High-speed Rail Will Start Construction before the End of the Year | last1=Liu |first1=Longsheng | date=2014-05-22 | website=Meizhou City People's Government Portal | accessdate=2014-06-21}}</ref>
|'''2017'''
|- style="background:#eee;"
| style="font-size:100%; text-align:center;"|'''Lianyungang–Huai’an–Yangzhou–Zhenjiang'''
|style="font-size:95%; text-align:left"|HSR linking [[Lianyungang]], [[Huai'an]], [[Yangzhou]] and [[Zhenjiang]]
|'''250'''
|'''305'''
|'''2014-12-26'''<ref>(Chinese)［http://news.xinhuanet.com/local/2014-12/26/c_1113791596.htm　连淮扬镇铁路客运专线开工建设 ''Xinhua''］ 2014-12-26</ref>　
|'''2019'''
|}

; Class I high-speed railways
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"
|-
! Line
! Design<br />Speed<br />(km/h)
! Length<br />(km)
! Construction<br />Start Date
! Open Date
! Ref
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| [[Longyan-Xiamen Railway]]||200||171||2006-12-25||2012-06-29||<ref>{{Cite news | title = High-speed railway linking Xiamen & Longyan starts operation on June 29 | newspaper=What's On Xiamen | date = 2012-06-30 | url = http://www.whatsonxiamen.com/travel-msg-1929.html | accessdate = 2012-06-30}}</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| [[Xiangpu Railway|Xiangtang-Putian Railway]]||200||635||2007-11-23||2013-09-26||<ref>{{Cite news | title= China's high-speed railways exceed 10,000 km | newspaper=China.org.cn | date=2013-09-26 | url=http://www.china.org.cn/business/2013-09/26/content_30141770.htm | accessdate=2013-10-08}}</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| [[Hengyang–Liuzhou Railway]]||200||498||2008-12-11||2013-12-28||<ref>{{Cite news | title= China opens seven new lines | newspaper=Railway Gazette | date=2013-12-30 | url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/infrastructure/single-view/view/china-opens-seven-new-lines.html | accessdate=2014-01-02}}</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| [[Nanning-Guangzhou High-speed Railway|Guangzhou-Nanning Railway]]||250||577||2008-09-11||2014-04-18<br />2014-12-26||<ref>{{Cite news|title=南广铁路广西段开通运营 南宁至梧州运行时间缩短一半|newspaper=新华网|date=2014-04-18|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2014-04/18/c_126405493.htm|accessdate=2014-04-18}}</ref><br /><ref name="people-dec14" />
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| [[Ganzhou–Longyan Railway]]<br />(capacity expansion project)||200||274||2009-12-29 ||2015-12-25||<ref>{{Cite news|title=赣南闽西革命老区首开动车组列车 今日上午发售车票|newspaper=JXNews.com.cn|date=2015-12-25|url=http://jiangxi.jxnews.com.cn/system/2015/12/25/014568146.shtml|accessdate=2016-01-03}}</ref>
|-
| [[Chongqing–Lanzhou Railway]]||200||832||2009||2016||<ref>{{Cite news | title = Lanzhou-Chongqing Rail Project, China  | newspaper = Railway Technology | date = 2010-03-14 | url = http://www.railway-technology.com/projects/lanzhouchongqingrail/ | accessdate = 2013-01-10}}</ref>
|-
|[[Nanping]]-[[Sanming]]-[[Longyan]] Railway||250||247||2010-12-25||2017||<ref>[http://news.163.com/10/1226/08/6OQM7T1N00014AED.html "南（平）三（明）龙（岩）高铁动工"] December 26, 2010</ref>
|-
| [[Chengdu–Lanzhou Railway]]||200||730|| 2011-02-26||2017||<ref>[http://news.ifeng.com/mainland/detail_2011_02/25/4846711_0.shtml 成兰铁路26日动工 建成后可2小时从成都到达九寨沟_资讯频道_凤凰网]</ref>
|-
| [[Jiujiang–Quzhou Railway]]||200||333||2013-12-29||2017||<ref>{{Cite news |title=九景衢铁路初步设计获批 力争2017年通车|newspaper=今视网|date=2013-09-16|url=http://news.jxgdw.com/jszg/2230462.html|accessdate=2014-07-08}}</ref><ref name="jxnews-jiujiang-dec13">{{Cite news |title=首条南昌至北京高铁通道将彻底打通|newspaper=中国江西网|date=2013-12-30|url=http://jiangxi.jxnews.com.cn/system/2013/12/30/012881599.shtml|accessdate=2014-07-08}}</ref>
|-
| [[Shanghai–Nantong Railway]]||200||137||2014-03-01||2018||<ref>{{Cite news |title=沪通铁路开工 建成后南通到上海不超过1小时|newspaper=人民网|date=2014-02-28|url=http://js.people.com.cn/html/2014/03/01/292080.html|accessdate=2014-07-08}}</ref>
|-
| Fuzhou–Pingtan Railway||160-200||88.4|| 2013-10-31||2019||<ref>(Chinese) [http://finance.ifeng.com/a/20131102/10995952_0.shtml 福州至平潭铁路工程开工建设 人民铁道报] 2013-11-02</ref>
|-
| Qianjiang–Zhangjiajie–Changde Railway||200||340||2014-12-29||2019||<ref>(Chinese) [http://hn.rednet.cn/c/2014/12/29/3561669.htm 黔张常铁路（湘西段）建设工程开工（组图）] 2014-12-29</ref>
|-
|Qingdao-Lianyungang Railway||200||194.5||2014-12-29||2018||<ref>(Chinese) [http://qingdao.auto.sohu.com/20141229/n407384374.shtml 青连铁路正式开工建设 2018年有望能通车] 2014-12-29</ref>
|}

[[File:Intercity Transport System (China).png|thumb|right|Map showing some of China's intercity railways, including lines already operational (red) and lines under construction.]]

===High-speed intercity railways===
Intercity railways are designed to provide regional high-speed rail service between large cities and [[metropolitan areas]] that are generally within the same province. They are built with the approval of the central government but are financed and operated largely by local governments with limited investment and oversight from the China Rail Corporation. Some intercity lines run parallel to other high-speed rail lines but serve more stations along the route. Intercity HSR service speeds range from {{convert|200|–|350|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.

<span style="background:#bcffc5;">Operational lines are marked with green background</span>.
{| class="wikitable sortable" " style="text-align:center; line-height:1.05"
|-
! Line
! Design Speed<br />(km/h)
! Length<br />(km)
! Construction Start Date
! Open Date
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| [[Beijing–Tianjin Intercity Railway]]||350||115||2005-04-07||2008-08-01
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|rowspan="2"|[[Chengdu–Dujiangyan Intercity Railway]]||220||65<br /><small>(mainline)</small>||2008-11-04||2010-05-12
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|200||21<br /><small>(Pengzhou branch)</small>||2009-09-27<ref>{{Cite news|title=达州至万州铁路电气化改造  成都站扩能改造工程|newspaper=人民网|date=2009-09-29|url=http://finance.people.com.cn/GB/8215/170023/10142373.html|accessdate=2014-05-31}}</ref>||2014-04-30<ref>{{Cite news|title=成灌铁路彭州支线4月30日开通运营|newspaper=人民网|date=2014-05-04|url=http://cq.people.com.cn/news/201454/2014541027213049192.htm|accessdate=2014-05-31}}</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| [[Shanghai–Nanjing Intercity Railway]]||350||301||2008-07-01||2010-07-01
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| [[Nanchang–Jiujiang Intercity Railway]]||250||131||2007-06-28||2010-09-20
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| [[Hainan Eastern Ring Railway]]||250||308||2007-09-29||2010-12-30
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| [[Changchun–Jilin Intercity Railway]]||250||111||2007-05-13||2010-12-30<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/photo/2010-12/30/content_11778531.htm|title=New intercity railway opens in NE China|work=China Daily|date=2010-12-30|accessdate=2010-12-30}}</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|rowspan="6"|[[Pearl River Delta Rapid Transit]]||rowspan="2"|200||117<br /><small>[[Guangzhou–Zhuhai Intercity Railway|Guangzhou–Zhuhai]]</small>||rowspan="2"|2005-12-18||2011-01-07<ref name="pd-zhuhai-jan2011">{{Cite news | title=Guangzhou-Zhuhai intercity railway put into operation | newspaper=People's Daily Online | date=2011-01-08 | url=http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90001/90783/91300/7254075.html | accessdate=2013-01-05}}</ref><br />2012-12-31<ref>{{Cite news | title=Another key PRD rail route opens: Macau-Zhuhai to Guangzhou launched, tickets pricey | newspaper=The Nanfang | date=2013-01-07 |url=http://www.thenanfang.com/blog/another-key-prd-rail-route-opens-macau-zhuhai-to-guangzhou-launched-tickets-pricey/ | accessdate=2013-05-01}}</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
||27<br /><small>[[Guangzhou–Zhuhai Intercity Railway|Xinhui branch]]</small>||2011-01-07<ref name="pd-zhuhai-jan2011" />
|-
|rowspan="4"|200||97<br /><small>[[Dongguan–Huizhou Intercity Railway|Dongguan–Huizhou]]</small>||2009-05-08<ref>{{Cite news | title=Construction of Dongguan-Huizhou intercity light rail project started | newspaper=Dongguan Today|date=2009-05-17| url=http://www.dongguantoday.com/subject/dgprd/newsc.asp?id=10|accessdate=2013-05-02}}</ref>||2016<ref>{{Cite news | title=莞惠城轨2014年通车 票价低于长途大巴 | newspaper=中国广播网 | date=2012-12-14 | url=http://zh.cnr.cn/2100zhfw/gdxw/201212/t20121214_511559610.shtml | accessdate=2013-05-02}}</ref>
|-
|85<br /><small>[[Guangzhou-Zhaoqing Intercity Railway|Foshan–Zhaoqing]]</small>||2009-09-29<ref>{{Cite news | title=广肇城轨时速200公里 广州到肇庆只需1小时 | newspaper=新浪地产网|date=2009-09-30 | url=http://news.dichan.sina.com.cn/2009/09/30/69921.html | accessdate=2013-05-02}}</ref>||2016<ref>{{Cite news | title=广佛肇城际轨道肇庆段建设推进|newspaper=肇庆阳光网 | date=2013-04-15 | url=http://fang.shiuhing.com/js/2013-04-15/29158.html|accessdate=2013-05-02}}</ref>
|-
|35<br /><small>[[Pearl River Delta Rapid Transit#Guangfo Link|Guangzhou–Foshan]]</small>||2012||2016<ref>{{Cite news | newspaper=人民网| title=广佛环线获批复今年开工 新设车站5处2016年底试运营 | date=2012-10-11 | url=http://gd.people.com.cn/n/2012/1011/c123932-17568220.html | accessdate=2013-05-02}}</ref>
|-
|38<br /><small>[[Guangzhou-Qingyuan Intercity Railway|Guangzhou–Qingyuan]]</small>||2012-11-22<ref>{{Cite news |newspaper=中国新闻网|title=广州至清远城轨项目昨日开工 票价预计约10元|date=2012-11-23|url=http://www.gd.chinanews.com/2012/2012-11-23/2/217507.shtml|accessdate=2014-07-08}}</ref>||2016
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| [[Nanjing–Hangzhou Intercity Railway]]||350||251||2008-12-28||2013-07-01<ref name="xinhua-hangzhou-2013"/>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| [[Liuzhou–Nanning Intercity Railway]]||250||223||2008-12-27||2013-12-28<ref name="Xinhua-Dec13"/>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|rowspan="5"|[[Wuhan Metropolitan Area Intercity Railway]]||rowspan="3"|250||90<br /><small>Wuchang–Xianning</small><ref>{{Cite news | title = 湖北省2014年前将建成开通4条城际铁路 | newspaper = 火车票网 | date = 2012-10-12|url =http://news.huochepiao.com/2012-10/2012101215380083.htm | accessdate = 2012-05-02}}</ref>||rowspan="3"|2009-03-22||2013-12-28<ref>{{Cite news | title= The 1st intercity rail to be open to traffic in Hubei | date=2013-12-30 | newspaper=Xianning Municipal People's Government News | url=http://english.xianning.gov.cn/zw_english_xnxw/zw_english_xnyw/201312/t20131230_1609480.htm | accessdate=2013-12-31 }}</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|97<br /><small>Wuhan–Huangshi</small>||2014-06-18<ref name=WuhanHuangshiHuanggang>(Chinese) [http://news.163.com/14/0619/06/9V372MCK00014Q4P.html 图文：武石武冈城际铁路昨日通车 楚天都市报讯] 2014-06-19</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|66<!-- 30km of which is shared with Wuhan–Huangshi --><br /><small>Wuhan–Huanggang</small>||2014-06-18<ref name=WuhanHuangshiHuanggang/>
|-
|rowspan="2"|200||61<br /><small>Hankou–Xiaogan</small>||2009-03-22||2016
|-
|438<br /><small>Wuhan-Shiyan</small>||201x||-<ref>(Chinese) [http://news.fdc.com.cn/cjgh/653337.shtml 武汉至十堰城际铁路力争年内开工 建成后全程仅2.5小时] 2014-04-17</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| [[Chengdu–Mianyang–Leshan Intercity Railway|Jiangyou–Mianyang–Chengdu–Leshan Intercity Railway]]||200||314||2008-12-30||2014-12-20<ref>{{Cite news|title=成绵乐铁路客运专线年底通车|newspaper=中国新闻网|date=2014-04-24|url=http://www.chinanews.com/df/2014/04-24/6103118.shtml|accessdate=2014-04-25}}</ref><ref>(Chinese) [http://news.gaotie.cn/x/2014-12-19/205629.html "成绵乐高铁 千呼万唤始出来" ''Gaotie.cn''] 2014-12-19</ref>
|-
| [[Chengdu–Pujiang Intercity Railway]]||200||99|| 2010-10-16<ref>[http://news.railcn.net/201010/168996.html 成蒲铁路建设正式启动_铁路建设]</ref>|| 2015<ref>(Chinese) [http://news.eastday.com/eastday/13news/auto/news/china/u7ai1686929_K4.html 成蒲铁路大邑段全面开工 华西都市报] 2014-06-05</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
|rowspan="3"|[[Central Plain Metropolitan Intercity Rail]]||200||50<br /><small>[[Central Plain Metropolitan Intercity Rail|Zhengzhou–Kaifeng]]</small>||rowspan="3"|2009-12-29<ref name="people-zhengzhou-dec09">{{Cite news | title=郑州至焦作开封新郑机场3条城际铁路开工(图) | newspaper=人民网 | date=2009-12-30| url=http://unn.people.com.cn/GB/14775/21684/10678626.html | accessdate=2013-05-02}}</ref>||2014-12-28
<ref name=ZhengzhouKaifeng20141228>(Chinese) [http://hn.house.sina.com.cn/news/2014-12-29/08125955122935881848219.shtml "河南省首条城际铁路迎客运营 拉来‘双城生活’"] 2014-12-29</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
||200||69<br /><small>[[Zhengzhou-Jiaozuo Intercity Railway|Zhengzhou–Jiaozuo]]</small>||2015-06-26<ref name=ZhengzhouJiaozuo20150627>[http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/business/2015-06/27/content_21119892.htm "High speed trains connecting Zhengzhou and Jiaozuo start operation"] 2015-06-27</ref>
|-
||200||101<br /><small>[[Central Plain Metropolitan Intercity Rail|Zhengzhou–Xuchang]]</small>||2014<!-- First half, Zhengzhou–Xinzheng --><ref>{{Cite news|title=从郑许城际铁路建设 看许昌楼市未来发展趋势|newspaper=腾讯网|date=2014-03-31|url=http://yunan.house.qq.com/a/20140331/000022_all.htm|accessdate=2014-04-25}}</ref>

|-
| [[Changsha–Zhuzhou–Xiangtan Intercity Railway]]||200||96||2010-07-02||2017
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| [[Nanjing–Anqing Intercity Railway]]||250||257||2008-12-28||2015-07<ref>[http://ah.anhuinews.com/system/2012/10/06/005242460.shtml 安庆宁安城际铁路长江大桥今年元旦前合龙(图)]</ref><ref>[http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/passenger/single-view/view/nanjing-anqing-pdl-opened.html Nanjing – Anqing PDL opened]</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| [[Harbin–Qiqihar Intercity Railway]]||250||286||2008-11-25||2015<ref>(Chinese) [http://heilongjiang.dbw.cn/system/2014/12/18/056208455.shtml 黑龙江省哈牡客专已开工 哈齐客专明年建成] 2014-12-18</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| [[Qingdao–Rongcheng Intercity Railway]]||250||299||2010-10-10<ref name=QingdaoNews20141228/>||2014-12-28<ref name=QingdaoNews20141228>(Chinese) [http://qd.ifeng.com/xinwenzaobanche/detail_2014_12/28/3347018_0.shtml "青荣城际今日通车 青烟威三城连心" 青岛新闻网] 2014-12-28</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| [[Guiyang–Kaiyang Intercity Railway]]||200||62||2010-09-20<ref>[http://news.china.com.cn/live/2014-10/30/content_29557221.htm 贵开城际铁路全线贯通 预计年底开通营运]</ref>||2015-05-01<ref>[http://www.gz.chinanews.com/content/2015/05-01/51807.shtml 贵开城际铁路全线贯通 预计年底开通营运]</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| [[Jinhua-Wenzhou High Speed Railway]]||250||188||2011||2015-12-26<ref>{{cite web | url=http://hznews.hangzhou.com.cn/chengshi/content/2015-12/27/content_6024822.htm | title=金温铁路昨天正式开通 时间短了 票价省了 | date=2015-12-27 | website=Hangzhou Portal | accessdate=2016-01-04}}</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| [[Chengdu–Chongqing Intercity Railway]]||300||305||2009||2015<ref>{{cite web|url=http://e.cdqss.com/html/2010-03/23/content_127252.htm|title=成渝客运专线重庆段昨开工 |publisher=成都商报 |date=2010-03-23|accessdate=2010-03-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://english.cri.cn/12394/2015/12/26/3801s910206.htm|title=Chengdu-Chongqing Highspeed Railway Starts Operation |publisher=CRIENGLISH.com |date=2015-12-26|accessdate=2016-01-03}}</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| [[Shenyang–Dandong Intercity Railway]]||350||208||2010-03-17<ref name="china-shenyang-mar09">{{Cite news | title=NE China starts building new border railways | newspaper=China.org.cn | date=2010-03-18 | url=http://www.china.org.cn/china/2010-03/18/content_19631020.htm | accessdate=2013-05-02}}</ref>||2015<ref>{{Cite news | title=王占柱：沈丹客运专线明年全线铺轨 | newspaper=人民网 | date=2013-03-18 | url=http://ln.people.com.cn/n/2013/0308/c339788-18265594.html | accessdate=2013-05-02}}</ref>
|- style="background:#bcffc5;"
| [[Dandong–Dalian Intercity Railway]]||200||296||2010-03-17<ref name="china-shenyang-mar09"/>||2015<ref>{{Cite news | title=丹大快速铁路全线开工 大连至丹东最快一个半小时  | newspaper=搜狐焦点 | date=2013-03-10 | url=http://dl.focus.cn/news/2013-03-10/2956349.html | accessdate=2013-05-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title = Trial operation for 1st coastal express railway in NE China - China.org.cn|url = http://www.china.org.cn/business/2015-11/09/content_37017998.htm|website = www.china.org.cn|accessdate = 2015-11-09}}</ref>
|-
| [[Chongqing–Wanzhou Intercity Railway]]||350||250||2009||2016<ref>{{Cite news | title=Chongqing-Wanzhou Railway under smooth construction | newspaper=Chongqing News | date=2013-04-12 | url=http://english.cqnews.net/html/2013-04/12/content_25531438.htm | accessdate=2013-05-02}}</ref>
|-style="background:#bcffc5;"
| [[Hainan Eastern Ring Railway#Planned Hainan Western Ring Railway|Hainan Western Ring Railway]]||250||342||2012-10<!-- First section -->||2015<ref>{{Cite news| title = Hainan Island high-speed line goes full circle | date = 2015-11-27 | newspaper = 
International Railway Journal | url = http://www.railjournal.com/index.php/asia/hainan-high-speed-line-goes-full-circle.html?channel=523 | accessdate = 2015-12-30}}</ref>
|-
| [[Wuhan Metropolitan Area Intercity Railway|Wuhan–Jiujiang Intercity Railway]]||250||101||2013-12-29<ref name="jxnews-jiujiang-dec13"/>||2016
|-
| [[Beijing–Tangshan Intercity Railway]]||350||160||2009||2018
|-
| [[Hangzhou–Huangshan Intercity Railway]]||250||265||2014-06-30<ref>{{Cite news|title=Hangzhou-Huangshan Railway project launched|newspaper=anhuinews.com|date=2014-07-01|url=http://english.anhuinews.com/system/2014/07/01/006474482.shtml|accessdate=2014-07-09}}</ref>||2018
|-
|[[Harbin–Jiamusi Intercity Railway]]||200||343||2014-06-30<ref>{{cite news|title=哈佳新快速铁路开工|url=http://www.dqdaily.com/news/2014-07/03/content_2136191.htm|accessdate=2014-11-12|agency=黑龙江晨报}}</ref>||2018<ref>(Chinese) [http://www.sdpc.gov.cn/zwfwzx/xmsphz/201403/t20140313_601918.html &#91;哈尔滨至佳木斯铁路可行性研究报告通过批准&#93; 2014-03-13]</ref>
|-
| [[Harbin–Mudanjiang Intercity Railway]]||250||293||2014-12-15<ref>{{cite news|title=新建哈牡铁路客运专线开工 设计时速250公里工期4年半|url=http://news.hexun.com/2014-12-15/171445457.html|accessdate=16 December 2014|agency=东北网}}</ref>||2019<ref>(Chinese) [http://hlj.sina.com.cn/news/2/2014-03-10/1349104102.html 牡丹江至哈尔滨铁路客运专线项目获国家批准] 2014-03-10</ref>
|}

==Service==
{{Main| China Railway High-speed }}
{{See also|Passenger rail transport in China}}
[[China Railways]], the MOR's national rail service operator, provides high-speed train service called [[China Railway High-speed|China Railway High-speed (CRH) (中国铁路高速)]] on upgraded conventional rail lines, national high-speed railways and intercity high-speed lines. The CRH's high-speed trains are also called "Harmony Express." In October 2010, CRH service more than 1,000 trains per day, with a daily ridership of about 925,000.<ref>(Chinese)[http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2010-10/16/c_12666511.htm] 2010-10-16</ref> as of May, 2015, a total of 1469 CRH trainsets were put into use.

===Ridership===
{{Historical populations
| title= Ridership
| percentages = pagr
| align = right
| pop_name= million riders
| cols = 1
| source= <ref name = "IRJ"/> [http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/90778/7754100.html 2011]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2014/12/16/000406484_20141216103556/Rendered/PDF/932270CHINESE00R0traffic020140final.pdf |title=中国高速铁路: 运量分析 |publisher=World Bank |date=December 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141221094153/http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2014/12/16/000406484_20141216103556/Rendered/PDF/932270CHINESE00R0traffic020140final.pdf |archivedate=2014-12-21 |accessdate=2015-10-17 |language=Chinese}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://finance.people.com.cn/stock/n/2015/0130/c67815-26478015.html |title=铁路2014年投资8088亿元 超额完成全年计划-财经-人民网 |work= 
人民网 - people.com.cn |date=2015-01-30 |accessdate=2015-10-17 |language=Chinese}}</ref>
| 2007 |61.21
| 2008 |127.73
| 2009 |179.58
| 2010 |290.54
| 2011 |440
| 2012 |486
| 2013 |672
| 2014 |893.2
}}

Annual HSR ridership is highest in the world. China is the third country, after Japan and France, to have one billion cumulative HSR passengers.

===CRH service on upgraded conventional lines===
[[File:China Railways CRH5 EMU used in Changchun–Jilin Intercity Railway..jpg|thumb|right|The intercity train on the [[Changchun–Jilin Intercity Railway]].]]
[[File:RID clearing CRH gate.jpg|right|thumb|140px|Passenger tapping [[Resident Identity Card|China Resident ID Card]] to board a train instead of using a traditional ticket.]]
[[File:CRH2-126E on Xiaoyong Railway in Ningbo.jpg|right|thumb|CRH service on the upgraded Xiaoshan-Ningbo Railway.]]
[[File:CRH2-090C at xian.jpg|thumb|right|CRH2C on the [[Longhai Railway]] outside [[Xian]]'s [[Fortifications of Xi'an|city walls]].]]
[[File:D206通过莲塘站.JPG|thumb|right|Two coupled 8-car CRH1A electric multiple unit train sets in Nanchang.]]
As of September 2010, there were {{Convert|2,876|km|mi}} of upgraded conventional railways in China that can accommodate trains running speeds of 200 to 250&nbsp;km/h.<ref>(Chinese)[http://news.xinhuanet.com/observation/2010-09/26/c_12605899.htm] 2010-09-25</ref>  Over time with the completion of the national high-speed passenger-dedicated rail network, more CRH service will shift from these lines to the high-speed dedicated lines.

'''A. Intercity service''' (typically, listed in schedules as [[Passenger rail transport in China#Passenger Train Classes and Route Identifiers#Classes|C-series]] or [[Passenger rail transport in China#Passenger Train Classes and Route Identifiers#Classes|D-series]] trains):
* Beijing – [[Beidaihe]], [[Qinhuangdao]]
* Beijing – [[Tianjin]], [[Tanggu District|Tanggu]]
* Beijing – [[Shijiazhuang]], [[Taiyuan]]
* Shanghai – [[Kunshan]], [[Suzhou]], [[Wuxi]], [[Changzhou]], [[Nanjing]], [[Hefei]], [[Xuzhou]]
* Shanghai – [[Hangzhou]], [[Yiwu]], [[Jinhua]], [[Quzhou]]
* [[Nanjing]] – [[Hangzhou]]
* [[Guangzhou]] – [[Shenzhen]]
* [[Wuhan]] – [[Zhengzhou]], [[Changsha]]
* [[Changsha]] – [[Nanchang]]
* [[Xi'an]] – [[Baoji]]
'''B. Long-haul service''' (typically, listed in schedules as [[Passenger rail transport in China#Passenger Train Classes and Route Identifiers#Classes|G-series]] or D-series trains):
* Beijing – [[Shenyang]], [[Changchun]], [[Harbin]]
* Beijing – [[Jinan]], [[Qingdao]], Shanghai
* Beijing – [[Zhengzhou]], [[Wuhan]]
* Shanghai – [[Zhengzhou]], [[Qingdao]], [[Shenyang]]
* Shanghai – [[Nanchang]]
* [[Wuhan]] – [[Changsha]] – [[Guangzhou]]

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
|-
!Table:HSR service on conventional rail lines
|-
|The table belows lists the upgraded conventional railways that run 10 or more CRH high-speed trains per day.
{| class="wikitable"  style="width:90%; text-align:center; line-height:1.05"
|-
|'''Route'''
|'''Railway'''
|'''distance'''
|'''Trains per day'''<ref name=C1>{{cite web|url=http://www.123cha.com/train/|script-title=zh:123查/中国火车时刻表在线查询|language=Chinese}}</ref><br /><small>(aggregation of both direction)</small><br />
|'''Trains in service'''
|-
|align=center|'''Guangzhou-Shenzhen'''
|align=center|Guangshen line
|align=center|147&nbsp;km<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.123cha.com/train/html/D7027.html|title= Train No.D7027 timetable}}</ref>
|align=center|220
|align=center|CRH1A
|-
|align=center|'''Ningbo-Hangzhou'''
|align=center|Hangning line
|align=center|149&nbsp;km<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.123cha.com/train/html/D382.html|title= Train No.D382 timetable}}</ref>
|align=center|50
|align=center|CRH1A/B/E CRH2A/B/E
|-
|align=center|'''Beijing–Shijiazhuang'''
|align=center|Jingguang line
|align=center|277&nbsp;km<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.123cha.com/train/html/D135.html|title= Train No.D135 timetable}}</ref>
|align=center|46
|align=center|CRH2A CRH5A
|-
|align=center|'''Beijing–Shenyang'''
|align=center|Jingha line
|align=center|703&nbsp;km<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.123cha.com/train/html/D25.html|title= Train No.D25 timetable}}</ref>
|align=center|24
|align=center|CRH5A
|-
|align=center|'''Beijing-Jinan'''
|align=center|Jinghu line
|align=center|495&nbsp;km<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.123cha.com/train/html/D37.html|title= Train No.D37 timetable}}</ref>
|align=center|22
|align=center|CRH2A CRH5A
|-
|align=center|'''Chongqing-Chengdu'''
|align=center|Chengyu line & Dacheng line
|align=center|315&nbsp;km<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.123cha.com/train/html/D5117.html|title= Train No.D5117 timetable}}</ref>
|align=center|22
|align=center|CRH1A
|-
|align=center|'''Beijing–Shanghai'''
|align=center|Jinghu line
|align=center|1454&nbsp;km<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.123cha.com/train/html/D307.html|title= Train No.D307 timetable}}</ref>
|align=center|18
|align=center|CRH1E CRH2E
|-
|align=center|'''Wuhan-Nanchang'''
|align=center|Wujiu line & Changjiu PDL
|align=center|337&nbsp;km<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.123cha.com/train/html/D3248-3245.html|title= Train No.D13248-3245 timetable}}</ref>
|align=center|16
|align=center|CRH2A
|-
|align=center|'''Shijiazhuang-Zhengzhou'''
|align=center|Jingguang line
|align=center|412&nbsp;km<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.123cha.com/train/html/D131.html|title= Train No.D131 timetable}}</ref>
|align=center|14
|align=center|CRH2A
|}
|}

===CRH service on high-speed lines===
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
!Table:CRH service on high-speed rail lines
|-
|The following table lists the frequency of CRH service on 14 HSR lines (as of February, 2011). In some cases, CRH trains must still share the HSR lines with slower, non-high-speed trains, which are not listed in the table. Note China's first HSR, the Qinshen PDL service as part of the Jingha Railway.
{| class="wikitable"  style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.05"
|-
|'''Line'''<br /><small>(route)</small>
|'''Length'''<br /><small>(main line)</small>
|'''Travel time'''<br /><small>(By fastest train)</small>
|'''Trains per day'''<ref name=C1/><br /><small>(aggregation of both direction)</small>
|'''Designed speed'''
|'''Trains in service'''<br />
|-
|align=center|'''Jinghu HSR'''<br /><small>(Beijing–Shanghai)</small>
|align=center|1318&nbsp;km
|align=center|4h 48m<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.12306.cn |title=铁路客户服务中心 |publisher=12306.cn |date= |accessdate=2011-08-17}}</ref>
|align=center|180
|align=center|380&nbsp;km/h<br /><small>Opening speed 310&nbsp;km/h</small>
|align=center|CRH380A/AL CRH380BL CRH2E CRH1E CRH5
|-
|align=center|'''Wuguang PDL'''<br /><small>(Wuhan-Changsha-Guangzhou)</small>
|align=center|968&nbsp;km
|align=center|3h 33m<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.travelchinaguide.com/china-trains/display.asp?tp=1&from1=Wuhan&to1=Guangzhou+South&post=ok|title= Train No.G1001 timetable}}</ref>
|align=center|216
|align=center|350&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH2C CRH3C<ref>{{cite web|url=http://society.people.com.cn/GB/41158/10657205.html|script-title=zh:京广高速铁路武广段开通运行|date=2009-12-26|language=Chinese|work=society.people.com.cn}}</ref> CRH380A/AL
|-
|align=center|'''Huhang PDL'''<br /><small>(Shanghai-Hangzhou)</small>
|align=center|169&nbsp;km (Shanghai Hongqiao – Hangzhou)
|align=center|45min<ref>{{cite web|url=http://g7301.m12580.com/|title= Train No.G7301 timetable}}</ref>
|align=center|168<ref name="沪宁沪杭增开4.5对动车">{{cite web|url=http://xmwb.news365.com.cn/ms/201102/t20110220_2963448.htm|title=沪宁沪杭增开4.5对动车}}</ref>
|align=center|350&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH1A/B/E CRH2A/B/C/E<br />CRH3C CRH380A/AL CRH380BL<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chnrailway.com/news/20101024/2010102410252860996461.shtml|script-title=zh:沪杭高铁引领世界|language=Chinese|work=www.chnrailway.com}}</ref>
|-
|align=center|'''Huning PDL'''<br /><small>(Shanghai-Nanjing)</small>
|align=center|296&nbsp;km (Shanghai Hongqiao – Nanjing)
|align=center|1h 13min<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.123cha.com/train/html/G7102.html|title= Train No.G7102 timetable}}</ref>
|align=center|238<ref name="沪宁沪杭增开4.5对动车"/>
|align=center|350&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH1A/B CRH2A/B/C<br />CRH3C CRH380A/AL CRH380BL<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bbs.ourail.com/archiver/tid-56688.html |title=提示信息 铁路在线论坛 |publisher=Bbs.ourail.com |date= |accessdate=2015-10-17}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnxz.com.cn/newscenter/2010/2010100630690.shtml |title=国庆长假进入尾声 南京铁路往南通徐州增1趟临客 – 中国徐州网 |publisher=Cnxz.com.cn |date=2010-10-06 |accessdate=2011-08-14}}</ref>
|-
|align=center|'''Jingjin ICL'''<br /><small>(Beijing-Tianjin)</small>
|align=center|117&nbsp;km
|align=center|30min<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.123cha.com/train/html/C2001.html|title= Train No.C2001 timetable}}</ref>
|align=center|200<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.morningpost.com.cn/ttxw/2011-04-26/181255.shtml|title=京津城际加车五一每天百对}}</ref>
|align=center|350&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH3C<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tieliu.com.cn/Article/2009/200905/2009-05-08/20090508110617_190629.html|script-title=zh:京津城际动车组列车将统一车型|language=Chinese}}</ref>
|-
|align=center|'''Zhengxi PDL'''<br /><small>(Zhengzhou-Xi'an)</small>
|align=center|456&nbsp;km
|align=center|1h 50min<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.123cha.com/train/html/G2024.html|title= Train No.G2024 timetable}}</ref>
|align=center|28
|align=center|350&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH2C<ref>{{cite web|url=http://travel.hsw.cn/system/2010/01/18/050414240.shtml |title=郑西客运专线春运试运营 西安到郑州仅2小时(图)-郑西客专-旅游 |publisher=Travel.hsw.cn |date=2010-01-18 |accessdate=2011-08-14}}</ref>
|-
|align=center|'''Yongtaiwen PFL'''<br /><small>(Ningbo-Taizhou-Wenzhou)</small>
|align=center|268&nbsp;km
|align=center|1h 13min<ref name="Train No.D3107 timetable">{{cite web|url=http://www.123cha.com/train/html/D3107.html|title= Train No.D3107 timetable}}</ref>
|align=center|64
|align=center|250&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH1B/E CRH2A/B/E<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tz94.com/thread-104894-1-1.html|script-title=zh:71调图甬台温所有交路车型情况|date=2010-06-23|language=Chinese}}</ref>
|-
|align=center|'''Wenfu PFL'''<br /><small>(Wenzhou-Fuzhou)</small>
|align=center|298&nbsp;km
|align=center|1h 23min<ref name="Train No.D3108 timetable">{{cite web|url=http://www.123cha.com/train/html/D3108.html|title= Train No.D3108 timetable}}</ref>
|align=center|42
|align=center|250&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH1A/B/E CRH2A/B/E<ref name="E1">{{cite web|url=http://bbs.nbuc.net/viewthread.php?tid=12766 |title=426调图后，沿海动车（浙江段）相关车次套跑情况 – 铁路宁波站 – Ningbo Railway Station – 宁波城建论坛 – Powered by Discuz! |publisher=Bbs.nbuc.net |accessdate=2011-08-14}}</ref>
|-
|align=center|'''Shitai PDL'''<br /><small>(Shijiazhuang-Taiyuan)</small>
|align=center|190&nbsp;km (Shijiazhuang North–Taiyuan)
|align=center|1h 6min<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.123cha.com/train/html/D2015.html|title= Train No.D2015 timetable}}</ref>
|align=center|26
|align=center|250&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH5A<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.qq.com/a/20090401/000810_1.htm |title=石太客运专线正式通车 全程省时近4小时(图)_国内图片_新闻_腾讯网 |publisher=News.qq.com |accessdate=2011-08-14}}</ref>
|-
|align=center|'''Fuxia PFL'''<br /><small>(Fuzhou-Xiamen)</small>
|align=center|275&nbsp;km
|align=center|1h 21min<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.123cha.com/train/html/D3201.html|title= Train No.D3201 timetable}}</ref>
|align=center|118
|align=center|250&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH1A/B/E CRH2A/E<ref name="E1" />
|-
|align=center|'''Changjiu ICL'''<br /><small>(Nanchang-Jiujiang)</small>
|align=center|135&nbsp;km
|align=center|45min<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.123cha.com/train/html/D6342.html|title= Train No.D6342 timetable}}</ref>
|align=center|42
|align=center|250&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH1A CRH2A<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.sina.com.cn/c/p/2010-09-09/190821072812.shtml |title=昌九城际铁路动车组车型揭晓(组图)_新闻中心_新浪网 |publisher=News.sina.com.cn |accessdate=2011-08-14}}</ref>
|-
|align=center|'''Hewu PFL'''<br /><small>(Hefei-Wuhan)</small>
|align=center|351&nbsp;km
|align=center|1h 58min<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.123cha.com/train/html/D3052-D3053.html|title= Train No.D3052-D3053 timetable}}</ref>
|align=center|38
|align=center|250&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH1A/B CRH2A/B<ref name="E2">[http://bbs.ourail.com/archiver/tid-79597.html]  {{wayback|url=http://bbs.ourail.com/archiver/tid-79597.html |date=20110715022000 }}</ref>
|-
|align=center|'''Jiaoji PDL'''<br /><small>(Qingdao-Jinan)</small>
|align=center|362&nbsp;km
|align=center|2h 13min<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.123cha.com/train/html/D6002.html|title= Train No.D6002 timetable}}</ref>
|align=center|42
|align=center|250&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH2A CRH5A<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.railwayfan.net/viewthread.php?tid=86079 |title=曾经胶济线上的CRH2们 – 我的铁路影集 – 长江铁路网论坛&#124;和谐号&#124;CRH&#124;HXD – Powered by Discuz! |publisher=Railwayfan.net |accessdate=2011-08-14}}</ref>
|-
|align=center|'''Hening PFL'''<br /><small>(Hefei-Nanjing)</small>
|align=center|156&nbsp;km
|align=center|54min<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.123cha.com/train/html/D3054-D3051.html|title= Train No.D3054-D3051 timetable}}</ref>
|align=center|12
|align=center|250&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH1A/B CRH2A/B<ref name="E2"/>
|-
|align=center|'''Chengguan PDL'''<br /><small>(Chengdu-Guanxian)</small>
|align=center|67&nbsp;km
|align=center|30min<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.123cha.com/train/html/D6111.html|title= Train No.D6111 timetable}}</ref>
|align=center|36
|align=center|250&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH1A<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bbs.scol.com.cn/thread-881866-1-1.html|title=成都铁路局最新CRH动车组详细配属情况|date=2010-07-17|language=Chinese}}</ref>
|-
|align=center|'''Changji ICL'''<br /><small>(Changchun-Jilin)</small>
|align=center|111&nbsp;km
|align=center|34min<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.123cha.com/train/html/D5055.html|title= Train No.D5055 timetable}}</ref>
|align=center|50
|align=center|250&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH5A
|-
|align=center|'''Hainan ER ICL'''<br /><small>(Haikou-Sanya)</small>
|align=center|308&nbsp;km
|align=center|1h 22min<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.123cha.com/train/html/D7303.html|title= Train No.D7303 timetable}}</ref>
|align=center|44
|align=center|250&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH1A
|-
|align=center|'''Guangzhu MRT'''<br /><small>(Guangzhou-Zhuhai main line)</small>
|align=center|93&nbsp;km
|align=center|45min<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.123cha.com/train/html/D7613.html|title= Train No.D7613 timetable}}</ref>
|align=center|76
|align=center|200&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH1A
|-
|align=center|'''Guangzhu MRT'''<br /><small>(Guangzhou-Xinhui branch line)</small>
|align=center|72&nbsp;km
|align=center|45min<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.123cha.com/train/html/D7709.html|title= Train No.D7709 timetable}}</ref>
|align=center|46
|align=center|200&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH1A
|}
|}

===Overnight high-speed trains===
{{update|date=March 2015}}
Unlike the "conventional" (non-CRH trains), which run round the clock, most high-speed rail lines operations shut down each night. (See e.g. schedules for [[Shanghai Hongqiao Railway Station]]; as of mid-December 2012, the first train of the day to leave the station is the 06:33 train to Wuhan, and the last one is the 21:10 train to Nanjing, which arrives there before 23:00.<ref>[http://qq.ip138.com/train/shanghai/shanghaihongqia.htm Shanghai Hongqiao Schedule]{{zh icon}}</ref>). While there are several sleeper EMU trainsets (abbreviated 动卧, ''dongwo'') in existence running on the upgraded rail, the overnight service is mostly limited to a few night trains between Shanghai and Beijing. With the schedule change planned for 2012-12-21, some of these trainsets will be re-purposed to also provide overnight high-speed service between Shanghai and [[Xi'an North Railway Station|Xi'an North]].<ref name=hcp20121214>[http://news.huochepiao.com/2012-12/201212141019039.htm 南京到西安可以乘动车了 去哈尔滨也有始发站列车] (One will be able to ride an EMU from Nanjing to Xi'an. There also will be a [Nanjing-originated] service to Harbin) 2012-12-14 {{zh icon}} (The planned Nanjing-Harbin service mentioned in the article will be "conventional", not high-speed)</ref>

Elsewhere, the fastest overnight rail service available is provided by fairly fast, but "conventional" (not CRH) [[Z-series]] trains. Some of them also use certain sections of the high-speed rail network; e.g., the planned Shanghai-Chengdu train Z121/2/3/4 will use the [[Shanghai–Wuhan–Chengdu High-Speed Railway|Huhanrong Line]] from Nanjing to Wuhan.<ref name=hcp20121214/>

In the 2014 [[Chunyun]] season, overnight HSR trains first ran on [[Jingguang railway|Beijing-Guangzhou (Jingguang)]] and other lines.

==Technology==

===Rolling stock===
[[File:Beijing Tianjin CRH3 panoramic compartment 1200.JPG|thumb|Conductor's compartment on the CRH3]]
[[File:CRH380BL Business Coach SW622203 20121114.JPG|thumb|right|VIP compartment inside a CRH380BL train.]]
[[File:CRH1-Dining Car.jpg|thumb|right|Dining car inside [[CRH1]] train.]]
[[File:CRH2 sleeping car interior.jpg|right|thumb|Sleeping compartment inside CRH2E train.]]
[[China Railway High-speed]] runs different [[electric multiple unit]] (trainsets), the designs of which all are imported from other nations and given the designations CRH-1 through CRH-5. CRH trainsets are intended to provide fast and convenient travel between cities. Some of the trainsets are manufactured locally through technology transfer, a key requirement for China. The signalling, track and support structures, control software and station design are developed domestically with foreign elements as well, so the system as a whole could be called Chinese. China currently holds many new patents related to the internal components of these train sets since they have re-designed major components so the trains can run at a much higher speed than the original foreign train design.

* [[China Railways CRH1|CRH1]], produced by Bombardier's joint venture [[Sifang Power (Qingdao) Transportation]] (BST); [[China Railways CRH1|CRH1]]A & [[China Railways CRH1|CRH1]]B, nicknamed "Metro" or "Bread", derived from [[Bombardier Transportation|Bombardier]] [[Regina (train)|Regina]]; [[China Railways CRH1|CRH1]]E, nicknamed "Lizard", is Bombardier's [[Bombardier Zefiro|ZEFIRO 250]] design.
** [[China Railways CRH1|CRH1]]A: sets consist of 8 cars; maximum operating speed of 250&nbsp;km/h.
** [[China Railways CRH1|CRH1]]B: a modified 16-car version; maximum operating speed of 250&nbsp;km/h.
** [[China Railways CRH1|CRH1]]E: is a 16-car high-speed sleeper version; maximum operating speed of 250&nbsp;km/h.
* [[China Railways CRH2|CRH2]], nicknamed "Hairtail", derived from [[E2 Series Shinkansen|E2 Series]] 1000 [[Shinkansen]].
** [[China Railways CRH2|CRH2]]A: In 2006, China unveiled ([[CRH2]]), a modified version of the Japanese [[Shinkansen]] E2-1000 series. An order for 60 8-car sets had been placed in 2004, with the first few built in Japan, the rest produced by [[Sifang Locomotive and Rolling Stock]] in China.<ref name="rgi-hstts">{{Cite news| work=[[Railway Gazette International]] | date=2005-08-01 | url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view//high-speed-trainsets-take-shape.html | title=High speed trainsets take shape }}</ref>
** [[China Railways CRH2|CRH2]]B: a modified 16-car version of CRH2; maximum operating speed of 250&nbsp;km/h.
** [[China Railways CRH2|CRH2]]C (Stage one): a modified version of CRH2, with a maximum operating speed up to 300&nbsp;km/h achieved by replacing two intermediate trailer cars with motored cars.
** [[China Railways CRH2|CRH2]]C (Stage two): a modified version of CRH2C (Stage one version), with a maximum operating speed up to 350&nbsp;km/h by replacing motors with more powerful ones.
** [[China Railways CRH2|CRH2]]E: a modified 16-car version of CRH2 with sleeping cars.
* [[China Railways CRH3|CRH3]]C: nicknamed "Rabbit"; derived from [[Siemens]] [[ICE 3|ICE3 (class 403)]]; 8-car sets; maximum operating speed of 350&nbsp;km/h.
* [[CRH5]]A: nicknamed "Donkey"; derived from [[Alstom]] [[Pendolino]] [[ETR600]]; 8-car sets; maximum operating speed of 250&nbsp;km/h<ref name="rgi2">{{Cite news| work=[[Railway Gazette International]] | date=2007-08-01 | url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/single-view/view//chinas-high-speed-fleet-expands-steadily.html | title=China's high speed fleet expands steadily }}</ref>
* [[China Railways CRH6|CRH6]]: Designed by [[CSR Corporation Limited|CSR]] Puzhen and CSR Sifang, to be manufactured by CSR Jiangmen, it is designed to have two versions, one with a top operating speed of 220&nbsp;km/h, and the other with a top operating speed of 160&nbsp;km/h, to be used at 200&nbsp;km/h or 250&nbsp;km/h Inter-city High Speed Rail lines, planned to enter service in late 2012.{{clarify|date=March 2015}}
* [[China Railways CRH380A|CRH380A]]:  Maximum operating speed of 380&nbsp;km/h; Developed by [[CSR Corporation Limited|CSR]] and manufactured by [[Sifang Locomotive and Rolling Stock|CSR SIfang]]; entered service in 2010.
** [[China Railways CRH380A|CRH380A]]: 8-car version.
** [[China Railways CRH380A|CRH380AL]]: 16-car version.
* [[China Railways CRH3|CRH380B]]: upgraded version of [[CRH3]]; maximum operating speed of 380&nbsp;km/h, manufactured by [[Tangshan Railway Vehicle]] & [[Changchun Railway Vehicles]]; entered service in 2011.
** [[China Railways CRH3|CRH380B]]: 8-car version.
** [[China Railways CRH3|CRH380BL]]: 16-car version.
* [[China Railways CRH3|CRH380CL]]: designed and manufactured by [[Changchun Railway Vehicles]]; maximum operating speed of 380&nbsp;km/h; scheduled to enter service in 2012.
* [[Zefiro 380|CRH380D]]: also named [[Zefiro 380]]; maximum operating speed of 380&nbsp;km/h; manufactured by [[Sifang Locomotive and Rolling Stock Company|Bombardier Sifang (Qingdao) Transportation Ltd. (BST)]]; planned to enter service in 2012.
** [[Zefiro 380|CRH380D]]: 8-car version.
** [[Zefiro 380|CRH380DL]]: 16-car version (order has since been converted to D sets and additional Zefiro 250 and 250NG sets.)

[[CRH1]]A, B,E, [[CRH2]]A, B,E, and [[CRH5]]A are designed for a maximum operating speed (MOR) of 200&nbsp;km/h and can reach up to 250&nbsp;km/h. [[CRH3]]C and [[CRH2]]C designs have an MOR of 300&nbsp;km/h, and can reach up to 350&nbsp;km/h, with a top testing speed more than 380&nbsp;km/h. However, issues such as cost of maintenance, comfort, and safety make the maximum design speed of more than 380&nbsp;km/h impractical and remain limiting factors.
{{clear}}
{| class="wikitable" style="line-height:1.05"
|-
! Equipment type
! Top speed in test
! Designed speed
! Seating capacity
! Formation
! Power<br />(under 25&nbsp;kV)
! Enter Service
|-
| [[CRH1]]A
| {{convert|278|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
| 250
| 668 or 611 or 645
| 5M3T
| 5,300&nbsp;kW
| 2007
|-
| [[CRH1]]B
| {{convert|292|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
| 250
| 1299
| 10M6T
| 11,000&nbsp;kW
| 2009
|-
| [[CRH1]]E
|
| 250
| 618 or 642
| 10M6T
| 11,000&nbsp;kW
| 2009
|-
| [[CRH2]]A
| {{convert|282|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
| 250
| 610 or 588
| 4M4T
| 4,800&nbsp;kW
| 2007
|-
| [[CRH2]]B
| {{convert|275|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
| 250
| 1230
| 8M8T
| 9,600&nbsp;kW
| 2008
|-
| [[CRH2|CRH2C Stage 1]]
| {{convert|394.2|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
| 300
| 610
| 6M2T
| 7,200&nbsp;kW
| 2008
|-
| [[CRH2|CRH2C Stage 2]]
|
| 350
| 610
| 6M2T
| 8,760&nbsp;kW
| 2010
|-
| [[CRH2]]E
|
| 250
| 630
| 8M8T
| 9,600&nbsp;kW
| 2008
|-
| [[CRH3]]C
| {{convert|394.3|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
| 350
| 600 or 556
| 4M4T
| 8,800&nbsp;kW
| 2008
|-
| [[CRH5]]A
|
| 250
| 622 or 586 or 570
| 5M3T
| 5,500&nbsp;kW
| 2007
|-
| [[CRH380A]]
| {{convert|416.6|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
| 380
| 494
| 6M2T
| 9,600&nbsp;kW
| 2010
|-
| [[CRH380A]]L
| {{convert|486.1|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
| 380
| 1027
| 14M2T
| 20,440&nbsp;kW
| 2010
|-
| [[CRH3]]80B
|
| 380
| unknown
| 4M4T
| 9,200&nbsp;kW
| 2011 (plan)
|-
| [[CRH3]]80BL
| {{convert|487.3|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}
| 380
| 1004
| 8M8T
| 18,400&nbsp;kW
| 2010
|-
| [[CRH3]]80CL
|
| 380
|
| 8M8T
| 19,200&nbsp;kW
| 2012 (plan)
|-
| [[CRH1|CRH380D]]
|
| 380
| 495
| 4M4T
| 10,000&nbsp;kW
| 2012 (plan)
|-
| [[CRH1|CRH380DL]]
|
| 380
| 1013
| 8M8T
| 20,000&nbsp;kW
| Canceled (2012 original plan)
|-
| [[China Railways CRH6|CRH6]]
|
| 220
| 586
| 4M4T
| unknown
| 2011 (plan)
|}

{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
|-
!Table:CRH trainset orders
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"  style="width:100%; text-align:center; line-height:1.05"
|-
|'''Date'''
|'''Factory'''
|'''Speed Level'''
|'''Type'''
|'''Quantity<br />(set)'''<br />
|'''Quantity<br />(car)'''<br />
|'''Amount'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|2004-10-10<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/world/2004-10/25/content_2135230.htm|script-title=zh:法中企业握手互利共赢|language=Chinese|work=news.xinhuanet.com|date=2004-10-25}}</ref>
|align=center|Alstom
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|250&nbsp;km/h
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|CRH5A
|align=center|3
|align=center|24
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|620&nbsp;million EUR
|-
|align=center|CNR Changchun
|align=center|57
|align=center|456
|-
|align=center|2004-10-12<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bsp.cn/info/content.asp?infoId=504|title=2004年10月12日，BSP与铁道部及广州铁路（集团）签订了20列（160辆）EMU动车组|language=Chinese|date=2006-01-12|work=www.bsp.cn}}</ref>
|align=center|BST (Bombardier & CSR)
|align=center|250&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH1A
|align=center|20
|align=center|160
|align=center|US$350&nbsp;million
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|2004-10-20<ref name="g2">{{cite web|url=http://news.chineserailways.com/HTML/25/200911/20091114100345.html|title=CRH2型动车组详细资料及分类|language=Chinese|work=news.chineserailways.com|date=2009-12-14}}</ref>
|align=center|Kawasaki
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|250&nbsp;km/h
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|CRH2A
|align=center|3
|align=center|24
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|9,300&nbsp;million RMB
|-
|align=center|CSR Sifang
|align=center|57
|align=center|456
|-
|align=center|2005-05-30<ref>{{cite web|url=http://info.traffic.hc360.com/2005/06/1018168492.shtml|script-title=zh:庞巴迪：又获铁道部动车组大订单|language=Chinese|work=info.traffic.hc360.com|date=2005-06-10}}</ref>
|align=center|BST
|align=center|250&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH1A
|align=center|20
|align=center|160
|align=center|US$350&nbsp;million
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|June 2005<ref name="g2"/>
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|CSR Sifang
|align=center|300&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH2C Stage one
|align=center|30
|align=center|240
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|8,200&nbsp;million RMB
|-
|align=center|350&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH2C Stage two
|align=center|30
|align=center|240
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|2005-11-20<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hebei.mofcom.gov.cn/aarticle/sjdixiansw/200608/20060802879355.html|script-title=zh:西门子专家进驻唐山机车车辆厂|language=Chinese|date=2006-08-15|work=hebei.moform.gov.cn}}</ref>
|align=center|Siemens
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|350&nbsp;km/h
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|CRH3C
|align=center|3
|align=center|24
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|13,000&nbsp;million RMB
|-
|align=center|CNR Tangshan
|align=center|57
|align=center|456
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|2007-10-31<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bsp.cn/info/content.asp?infoId=546|title=BSP公司在北京签订40列EMU动车组订单|work=www.bsp.cn|language=Chinese|date=2007-11-02}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|BST
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|250&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH1B
|align=center|20
|align=center|320
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|1,000&nbsp;million EUR
|-
|align=center|CRH1E
|align=center|20
|align=center|320
|-
|align=center|Nov 2007<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.docin.com/p-51126600.html|work=www.docin.com|script-title=zh:招商证券-中国南车-601766-动车交付高峰来临，业绩逐季增..|language=Chinese}}</ref>
|align=center|CSR Sifang
|align=center|250&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH2B
|align=center|10
|align=center|160
|align=center|1,200&nbsp;million RMB
|-
|align=center|Nov 2007<ref name="g2"/>
|align=center|CSR Sifang
|align=center|250&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH2E
|align=center|6
|align=center|96
|align=center|900&nbsp;million RMB
|-
|align=center|2008-12-06<ref name="g2"/>
|align=center|CSR Sifang
|align=center|250&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH2E
|align=center|14
|align=center|224
|align=center|2,100&nbsp;million RMB
|-
|align=center|2009-09-23<ref>{{cite web|title=公司与北京铁路局签订了30列CRH5型动车组采购合同|work=www.cccar.com.cnom|url=http://www.cccar.com.cn/news_content.asp?mainid=22&id=249|language=Chinese}}</ref>
|align=center|CNR Changchun
|align=center|250&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH5A
|align=center|30
|align=center|240
|align=center|4,800&nbsp;million RMB
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|2009-03-16<ref>{{cite web|script-title=zh:唐车公司拿到京沪高铁动车组大订单 总金额392亿|work=info.china.alibaba.com|url=http://info.china.alibaba.com/news/detail/v0-d1004555482.html|date=2009-03-17|language=Chinese}}</ref>
|align=center|CNR Tangshan
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|380&nbsp;km/h
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|CRH380BL
|align=center|70
|align=center|1,120
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|39,200&nbsp;million RMB
|-
|align=center|CNR Changchun
|align=center|30
|align=center|480
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|2009-09-28<ref name="g1">{{cite web|url=http://www.guosen.com.cn/webd/public/infoDetail.jsp?infoid=8115249|script-title=zh:中国南车：中标巨额合同 增厚公司业绩|language=Chinese|date=2009-09-30|work=www.guosen.com.cn}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|CSR Sifang
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|380&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH380A
|align=center|40
|align=center|320
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|45,000&nbsp;million RMB
|-
|align=center|CRH380AL
|align=center|100
|align=center|1,600
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|2009-09-28<ref name="g1"/><br />Modified Sep 5, 2012<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.railwaygazette.com/news/passenger/single-view/view/zefiro-250ng-included-in-revised-high-speed-train-contract.html |title=Zefiro 250NG included in revised high speed train contract |work=Railway Gazette |date=2012-09-05 |accessdate=2015-10-17}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|BST
| style="text-align:center;"|380&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH380D
|align=center|70
|align=center|560
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|27,400&nbsp;million RMB
|-
|align=center|250&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH1A
|align=center|46
|align=center|368
|-
|align=center|250&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|Zefiro 250NG
|align=center|60
|align=center|480

|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|2009-09-28<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jlrbszb.chinajilin.com.cn/html/2009-10/06/content_559836.htm|script-title=zh:长客签下235亿订单|date=2009-09-28|language=Chinese|work=jlrbszb.chinajilin.com.cn}}</ref>
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|CNR Changchun
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|380&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH380B
|align=center|40
|align=center|320
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|23,520&nbsp;million RMB
|-
|align=center|CRH380BL
|align=center|15
|align=center|240
|-
|align=center|CRH380CL
|align=center|25
|align=center|400
|-
|align=center|2009-09-28<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.docin.com/p-52164986.html|script-title=zh:招商证券-中国北车-601299-动车组第三批高毛利率订单将陆续交付|language=Chinese|work=www.docin.com}}</ref>
|align=center|CNR Tangshan
|align=center|350&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH3C<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bbs.ourail.com/archiver/tid-83868.html|title=关于CRH3和380B的提问|language=Chinese|work=bbs.ourail.com}}</ref>
|align=center|20
|align=center|160
|align=center|3,920&nbsp;million RMB
|-
|align=center|2009-12-30<ref>{{cite web|url=http://hkstock.cnfol.com/091230/132,1358,7046392,00.shtml|script-title=zh:中国南车获国内首个城际列车项目订单 总值23.46亿人民币|language=Chinese}}</ref>
|align=center|CSR Puzhen
|align=center|220&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH6
|align=center|24
|align=center|192
|align=center|2,346&nbsp;million RMB
|-
|align=center|2010-07-16<ref>{{cite web|title=Bombardier Sifang Awarded Fourth Contract for 40 Additional CRH1 High-Speed Trains in China|url=http://cn.bombardier.com/press_release_07162010.htm|work=cn.bombardier.com|date=2010-07-16}}</ref>
|align=center|BST
|align=center|250&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH1A
|align=center|40
|align=center|320
|align=center|5,200&nbsp;million RMB
|-
|align=center|2010-09-14<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.p5w.net/stock/lzft/gsyj/201009/t3221742.htm|script-title=zh:中国南车：再中标动车组订单、未来高增长确定::全景证券频道|work=www.p5w.net|language=Chinese|date=2010-09-30}}</ref>
|align=center|CSR Sifang
|align=center|250&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH2A
|align=center|40
|align=center|320
|align=center|3,400&nbsp;million RMB
|-
|align=center|2010-10-13<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.xinmin.cn/rollnews/2010/10/13/7194620.html|title=http://news.xinmin.cn/rollnews/2010/10/13/7194620.html|work=news.xinmin.cn|language=Chinese|date=2010-10-13}}</ref>
|align=center|CNR Changchun
|align=center|250&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH5A
|align=center|20
|align=center|160
|align=center|2,700&nbsp;million RMB
|-
|align=center|2011-04-26
|align=center|CNR Changchun
|align=center|250&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH5A
|align=center|30
|align=center|240
|align=center|3,870&nbsp;million RMB
|-
|align=center|Apr, 2013
|align=center|CNR Changchun
|align=center|250&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH5H
|align=center|10
|align=center|80
|align=center|3,870&nbsp;million RMB
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|2013-08-15
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|CSR Sifang
||380&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH380A(TXE27)
|align=center|17
|align=center|136
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|14,918&nbsp;million RMB
|-
||250&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH2A(TXE28)
|align=center|91
|align=center|728
|-
||2013-08-15
|align=center|CNR Changchun
||380&nbsp;km/h
||CRH380BG
|align=center|46
|align=center|368
||9,430&nbsp;million RMB
|-
||2013-08-15
|align=center|CNR Tangshan
||380&nbsp;km/h
||CRH380BK
|align=center|5
|align=center|40
||775&nbsp;million RMB
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|2013-12-04
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|CSR Sifang
||380&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH380A(TXE27)
|align=center|83
|align=center|664
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|25,630&nbsp;million RMB
|-
||250&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH2A(TXE28)
|align=center|78
|align=center|624
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|2013-12-04
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|CNR Changchun
||380&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH380BK
|align=center|27
|align=center|216
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="3"|14,726&nbsp;million RMB
|-
||380&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH380BG
|align=center|46
|align=center|368
|-
||250&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH5H
|align=center|10
|align=center|80
|-
||2013-12-04
|align=center|CNR Tangshan
||380&nbsp;km/h
||CRH380BK
|align=center|70
|align=center|560
||13,544&nbsp;million RMB
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|2014-09-24
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|CSR Sifang
||380&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH380A(TXE27)
|align=center|93
|align=center|744
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|23,940&nbsp;million RMB
|-
||250&nbsp;km/h
|align=center|CRH2A(TXE28)
|align=center|57
|align=center|456
|-
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|2014-09-24
|align=center|CNR Changchun
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" |380&nbsp;km/h
|align="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|CRH380BK
|align=center|32
|align=center|256
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2"|24,876&nbsp;million RMB
|-
|align=center|CNR Tangshan
|align=center|50
|align=center|400
|-
|align=center|'''Total'''
|
|
|
|align=center|'''1765'''
|align=center|'''15960'''
|
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed"
|-
!Table:CRH trainset deliveries
|-
|Based on data published by Sinolink Securities,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.docin.com/p-44673472.html|script-title=zh:中国南车研究报告：国金证券-中国南车-601766-通往春天的铁路设备龙头|language=Chinese|work=www.docin.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.docin.com/p-50812660.html|script-title=zh:国金证券-中国北车-601299-动车交付单价已触底，毛利率回升可期|language=Chinese|work=www.docin.com}}</ref> some small changes were made according to the most recent news.
{| class="wikitable"  style="width:50%; text-align:center; line-height:1.05;"
|-
|'''Type'''
|'''2006'''
|'''2007'''
|'''2008'''
|'''2009'''<br />
|'''2010'''<br />
|'''2011'''<br />
|'''Future<br />(plan)'''<br />
|'''Total'''
|-
|align=center|CRH1A
|align=center|8
|align=center|18
|align=center|12
|align=center|2
|align=center|20
|align=center|20
|align=center|106
|'''80'''
|-
|align=center|CRH2A
|align=center|19
|align=center|41
|
|
|align=center|15
|align=center|25
|
|'''100'''
|-
|align=center|CRH5A
|
|align=center|27
|align=center|29
|align=center|4
|align=center|30
|align=center|20
|align=center|30
|'''140'''
|-
|align=center|CRH1B
|
|
|align=center|4
|align=center|9
|align=center|7
|
|
|'''20'''
|-
|align=center|CRH1E
|
|
|
|align=center|3
|align=center|8
|align=center|9
|
|'''20'''
|-
|align=center|CRH2B
|
|
|align=center|10
|
|
|
|
|'''10'''
|-
|align=center|CRH2E
|
|
|align=center|6
|align=center|14
|
|
|
|'''20'''
|-
|align=center|CRH2C
|
|
|align=center|10
|align=center|20
|align=center|30
|
|
|'''60'''
|-
|align=center|CRH3C
|
|
|align=center|7
|align=center|36
|align=center|37
|
|
|'''80'''
|-
|align=center|CRH380A
|
|
|
|
|align=center|40
|
|
|'''40'''
|-
|align=center|CRH380AL
|
|
|
|
|align=center|6
|align=center|94
|
|'''100'''
|-
|align=center|CRH380B
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center|20
|align=center|20{{ref|1|1}}
|'''40'''
|-
|align=center|CRH380BL
|
|
|
|
|align=center|11
|align=center|49
|align=center|55{{ref|1|1}}
|'''115'''
|-
|align=center|CRH380CL
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center|25{{ref|1|1}}
|'''25'''
|-
|align=center|CRH380D
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center|70{{ref|2|2}}
|'''70'''
|-
|align=center|CRH380DL
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center|0{{ref|2|2}}
|'''0'''
|-
|align=center|CRH6
|
|
|
|
|
|
|align=center|24
|'''24'''
|-
|align=center|'''Total'''
|align=center|'''27'''
|align=center|'''86'''
|align=center|'''78'''
|align=center|'''88'''
|align=center|'''204'''
|align=center|'''237'''
|align=center|'''330'''
|align=center|'''1050'''
|-
|align=center|'''Cumulative'''
|align=center|'''27'''
|align=center|'''113'''
|align=center|'''191'''
|align=center|'''279'''
|align=center|'''483'''
|align=center|'''744'''
|align=center|'''1050'''
|align=center|'''1050'''
|}
* {{note|1|1}} All CRH380B and CRH380C units to be delivered before 2012.
* {{note|2|2}} All CRH380D units to be delivered before 2014.
|}

===Track technology===
[[File:China high speed rail ballastless tracks.JPG|thumb|Ballastless tracks in China.]]
[[File:Dmitry Medvedev in China 15 April 2011-2.jpeg|thumb|right|Russian President [[Dmitry Medvedev]] aboard a high-speed train in Hainan in April 2011.]]
Many of the Passenger Designated Lines use [[rail track#Ballastless track|ballastless tracks]], which allow for smoother train rides at high speeds and can withstand heavy use without warping. The ballastless track technology, imported from Germany, carries higher upfront costs but can reduce maintenance costs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:G-cIWUMMvLgJ:www2.china.ahk.de/download/pub/GT_2009issue3_BusinessFocus.pdf+zhengzhou+Ballastless+track&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESg8fKUqC3NXb-nWv6-SurhjEDgtHk4TE-jTHfj-9uyLDyouQ0Kc5Z0tZi2kgbdlsgvbvUqwwzCtxJrPG7hLbnZRSLUQP4P3-GuXN1bBwZL4ADWEcq2bSxb8oNeBtwiJ6pRI2dne&sig=AHIEtbSmazyrWA_jqpZlhyZFvs9bUTBLHg |title=GC Ticker June–July 2009 |publisher=Google  |accessdate=2011-08-14}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.docstoc.com/docs/24512961/WuGuang-High-Speed-Rail-Project/ |title=WuGuang High Speed Rail Project |publisher=Docstoc.com |date=2010-02-05 |accessdate=2011-08-14}}</ref>

'''Typical application of track technology in China high-speed lines'''
{| class="wikitable"  style="width:50%; text-align:center;"
|-
|'''Type'''
|'''Classify'''
|'''Technology'''
|'''line'''
|-
|CRTSIs
|slab track
|RTRI, Japan
|Hada PDL
|-
|CRTSIIs
|slab track
|Max Bögl, Germany
|Jingjin ICL
|-
|CRTSIIIs
|slab track
|CRCC,China
|Chengguan PDL
|-
|CRTSIb
|ballastless track
|Rail.one, Germany
|Wuguang PDL
|-
|CRTSIIb
|ballastless track
|Züblin, Germany
|Zhengxi PDL
|}

===Technology export===
Chinese train-makers and rail builders have signed agreements to build HSRs in [[High-speed rail in Turkey|Turkey]], Venezuela and Argentina<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/08/business/global/08rail.html?src=me&ref=business |title=China Is Eager to Bring High-Speed Rail Expertise to the U.S. |date=2010-04-08 |author=Keith Bradsher |work=The New York Times |accessdate=2010-04-08 }}</ref> and are bidding on HSR projects in the [[High-speed rail in the United States|United States]], [[High-speed rail in Russia|Russia]], Saudi Arabia, [[High-speed rail in Brazil|Brazil (São Paulo to Rio de Janeiro)]] and Myanmar, and other countries.<ref name=AP1/>  They are competing directly with the established European and Japanese manufacturers, and sometimes partnering with them. In Saudi Arabia's [[Haramain High Speed Rail Project]], Alstom partnered with [[China Railway Construction Corporation|China Railway Construction Corp.]] to win the contract to build phase I of the [[Mecca]] to [[Medina]] HSR line, and Siemens has joined [[CSR Corporation Limited|CSR]] to bid on phase II.<ref>[http://rinsider.club-feroviar.ro/en/afiseaza_stire.php?id=6085 "Siemens joins China bid for Saudi Haramain project"] March 24, 2010</ref>  China is also competing with Japan, Germany, South Korea, Spain, France and Italy to bid for [[California High-Speed Rail|California's high-speed rail line project]], which would connect San Francisco and Los Angeles.<ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/08/business/global/08rail.html "China Is Eager to Bring High-Speed Rail Expertise to the U.S." ''N.Y. Times''] 2010-04-10</ref>  In November 2009, the MOR signed preliminary agreements with the state's high-speed rail authority and [[General Electric]] (GE) under which China would license technology, provide financing and furnish up to 20 percent of the parts with the remaining sourced from American suppliers, and final assembly of the rolling stock in the United States.<ref>{{cite web|author=|url=http://3blmedia.com/theCSRfeed/GE-and-China-MOR-Sign-Strategic-MOU-Advance-High-Speed-Rail-Opportunities-US |title=GE and China MOR Sign Strategic MOU to Advance High-Speed Rail Opportunities in the U.S. |publisher=3blmedia.com |date=2009-11-17 |accessdate=2011-08-17}}</ref>

In January 2014, the China Railway Construction Corporation completed a 30-km section of the [[Ankara-Istanbul high-speed railway]] between [[Eskişehir]] and [[İnönü, Eskişehir|İnönü]] in western [[Turkey]].<ref>[http://english.cri.cn/11354/2014/01/18/3441s808757.htm Chinese Firm Constructs High-Speed Railway in Turkey] 2014-01-18</ref>

In mid 2015, China has signed up to design a high-speed railway between the Russian cities of Moscow and Kazan, one of the first concrete examples of the new business with China that Russian officials have been pursuing with renewed vigor since falling out with the West.A unit of Russia’s state-owned JSC Russian Railways signed a contract Thursday with the design unit of China’s state-controlled China Railway Group to come up with the plans for a 770 kilometer high-speed rail between the two Russian cities. The Chinese firm will work alongside two Russian companies for on the designs for a total cost of 20.8 billion rubles ($383 million) over the next two years, according to Russian Railways.

Once the designs are developed, a separate tender will be held for the actual construction of the rail link, which Russian Railways expects to cost 1.06 trillion rubles ($19.5 billion).<ref>http://www.wsj.com/articles/china-to-design-new-russian-high-speed-railway-1434729400</ref>

==Maglev high-speed rail==
{{Main|Shanghai Maglev Train}}
China has the world's only maglev high-speed train line in operation: The [[Shanghai Maglev Train]], a [[turnkey]] [[Transrapid]] [[Magnetic levitation train|maglev]] demonstration line 30.5&nbsp;km long. The trains have a top operational speed of 430&nbsp;km/h and can reach a top non-commercial speed of 501&nbsp;km/h. It has shuttled passengers between Shanghai's Longyang Road Metro Station and [[Shanghai Pudong International Airport]] since March, 2004. Service was briefly interrupted by an electrical fire in 2006. Shanghai authorities have been trying without success to extend the 30.5&nbsp;km maglev line. An intercity link with [[Hangzhou]] was approved by the central government in 2006, but construction has been postponed.<ref>{{Cite news|title=No timetable yet for Shanghai-Hangzhou maglev line: official |url=http://news.xinhuanet.com/english2010/china/2010-03/23/c_13220828.htm |agency=[[Xinhua News Agency]] |date=2010-03-23 |accessdate=2010-03-23 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/5oSXObOlG |archivedate=2010-03-23 }}</ref> Work on a shorter extension to [[Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport]] is also stalled.

==Records==

===Fastest trains in China===
[[File:Digital readout of maximum speed of Shanghai Maglev, 431km per hr.jpg|thumb|right|The [[Shanghai Maglev]] train, with a top speed of {{convert|431|km/h|abbr=on}}, is the fastest train in China. The maglev train has remained confined to its original {{convert|30|km|abbr=on}} track as state planners chose high-speed trains that run on conventional tracks for the national HSR network.]]
{{Main|Fastest trains in China}}
The "fastest" train commercial service can be defined alternatively by a train's top speed or average trip speed.
* The fastest train service measured by peak operational speed is the [[Shanghai Maglev Train]] which can reach {{convert|431|km/h|abbr=on}}. Due to the limited length of the Shanghai Maglev track (30&nbsp;km)(18.6&nbsp;mi), the maglev train's average trip speed is only {{convert|245.5|km/h|abbr=on}}.
* The fastest train service measured by average trip speed from 2009 until 2011 was on the [[Wuhan-Guangzhou High-Speed Railway]], where from December 2009 until July 1, 2011, the CRH3/CRH2 coupled-train sets averaged {{convert|312.5|km/h|abbr=on}} on the {{convert|922|km|abbr=on}} route from [[Wuhan Railway Station|Wuhan]] to [[Guangzhou North Railway Station|Guangzhou North]]. However, on July 1, 2011 in order to save energy and reduce operating costs, the maximum speed of Chinese high-speed trains was reduced to 300&nbsp;km/h, and the average speed of the fastest trains on the Wuhan-Guangzhou High-Speed Railway was reduced to {{convert|272.68|km/h|mph|0|abbr=on}}.
* The top speed attained by a non-maglev train in China is {{convert|487.3|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} by a [[China Railways CRH3|CRH380BL]] train on the [[Beijing–Shanghai High-Speed Railway]] during a testing run on January 10, 2011.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://stock.sohu.com/20110110/n278782856.shtml |title=中国北车刷新高铁运营试验世界纪录速度(图)-搜狐证券 |publisher=Stock.sohu.com |accessdate=2011-08-14}}</ref>

===Longest service distance===
The G/1276/7-G1278/5 Harbin-Wuhan train (2446&nbsp;km, 14 1/2 hours), which began service on December 10, 2014, became the longest [[high-speed rail]] service in the world.<ref name="Harbin HSR records">(Chinese) [http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2014-12-10/173731270023.shtml "哈尔滨至武汉高铁今日开通 创世界最长高铁记录" 中新网] 2014-12-10</ref>  It overtook the G1202 Harbin-Shanghai train (2421&nbsp;km, 12 hours), which had set the previous record on December 28, 2012.<ref name="Harbin HSR records"/>

==See also==
* [[High-speed rail by country]]
* [[Rail transport in China]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|group=N}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|China Railway High-speed}}
{{Wikivoyage}}
* [http://magnetbahnforum.de/index.php?in-PR-of-China The International Maglev Board: Maglev in China]
* [http://www.tielu.org/ www.tielu.org] – Timetables and train connections {{zh icon}}
* [http://rail.assistanceinchina.com/ Individual Map for each train] in Google maps with timetable in Chinese or English
* [http://www.railway-technology.com/features/feature-the-longest-high-speed-rail-networks-in-china/ Longest high speed rail networks in china]

{{High-speed rail in the People's Republic of China}}
{{High-speed rail}}
{{Transport in China}}
{{Portal bar|Trains|Railways|China}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:High-Speed Rail In China}}
[[Category:High-speed rail in China|High-speed rail in the People's Republic of China]]