View source for William Gordon Rutherfurd

{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2012}}
{{Infobox military person
| name          =William Gordon Rutherford
| image         =
| caption       =
| birth_date          = 1764
| death_date          = 1818
| placeofburial_label = 
| placeofburial = St Margaret’s Church,  [[City of Westminster|Westminster]],  [[London]] , [[England]]
| birth_place  = [[Wilmington, North Carolina]], [[United States|U.S.]]
| death_place  = Greenwich Hospital
| placeofburial_coordinates = <!-- {{Coord|LAT|LONG|display=inline,title}} -->
| nickname      =
| birth_name    =
| allegiance    = {{flagicon|United Kingdom}} [[United Kingdom]]
| branch        = {{navy|UK}}
| serviceyears  = 1778 - 1818
| rank          = [[Captain (naval)|Captain]]
| servicenumber =
| unit          = {{HMS|Boyne|1790|6}}<br>HM Sloop Nautilus<br>HMS Adventure<br>HMS Dictator<br>{{HMS|Brunswick|1790|6}}<br>{{HMS|Decade|1798|6}}<br>{{HMS|Swiftsure|1804|6}} 
| commands      =
| battles       =
| battles_label =
| awards        =
| relations     =
| laterwork     = Captain of Royal Naval Hospital, Greenwich
}}

Captain '''William Gordon Rutherfurd'''{{Ref_label|A|a|none}} [[Royal Navy|RN]], [[Order of the Bath|CB]] (1765 &ndash; 14 January 1818) was an officer in the [[Royal Navy]] during the [[French Revolutionary War]] and the [[Napoleonic Wars]] whose career was almost entirely conducted in the [[West Indies]] except for a brief stay in European waters during which he commanded the [[ship of the line]] {{HMS|Swiftsure|1804|6}} at the [[battle of Trafalgar]].

==Early life==
Rutherfurd was born in [[Wilmington, North Carolina]], [[USA]], to loyalist parents in 1764. His father was John Rutherfurd of Bowland Stow and his mother, Frances, was the widow of Gabriel Johnson the late governor. The family returned to [[Scotland]] and the young William was educated at University of [[University of St Andrews|St Andrew]].<ref name="Heathcote 2005 p149">{{cite book |title=Nelson's Trafalgar Captains & Their Battles |last=Heathcote |first=T.A. |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2005 |publisher=Pen and Sword Books Ltd |location= Barnsley, South Yorks|isbn=1-84415-182-4 |page=149 |pages=|url= |accessdate=16 January 2011}}</ref> The Rutherfurds moved to the Caribbean during the Revolution and in 1788 William was sent to sea aboard {{HMS|Suffolk|1765|6}}. Rutherfurd was a capable sailor and possessed a large amount of patronage. He joined the 98 gun, second rate, ''[[HMS Boyne (1790)|HMS Boyne]]'', the flagship of Sir John Jervis in the West Indies, shortly after the outbreak of the [[French revolutionary wars]] and in 1793 he was promoted to acting lieutenant with his position being confirmed on 9 January 1794.<ref name="Heathcote 2005 p149"/>

Rutherfurd was in the thick of the action during the 1794 West Indies campaign, serving with distinction as a junior officer in command of a landing party; storming forts on [[Martinique]] and taking part in operations in [[St Lucia]] and [[Guadeloupe]].<ref name="Heathcote 2005 p149"/> 
He received several accolades for his actions including, on 4 July, promotion to commander of the 16 gun sloop, ''Nautilus''.<ref name="Heathcote 2005 p150">{{cite book |title=Nelson's Trafalgar Captains & Their Battles |last=Heathcote |first=T.A. |authorlink= |coauthors= |year=2005 |publisher=Pen and Sword Books Ltd |location= Barnsley, South Yorks|isbn=1-84415-182-4 |page=150 |pages=|url= |accessdate=21 January 2011}}</ref>

Remaining in the Caribbean, Rutherfurd then made the next leap to [[Post captain]] on 15 November 1796. In this capacity he successively commanded: The frigate ''HMS Adventure'', the third rate ''HMS Dictator'', the third rate ''HMS Brunswick'' and the 5th rate ''HMS Decade''.<ref name="Heathcote 2005 p150"/> Rutherford was instrumental in several minor skirmishes with enemy shipping amongst the islands, including the capture of [[Curaçao|Curacoa]] in 1800 for which he was again lauded. He returned to home waters in ''HMS Decade'' in 1804 and joined the [[Channel Fleet]] in the blockade of [[Cherbourg]].<ref name="Heathcote 2005 p150"/> The following year he was granted the 74 gun new ship ''Swiftsure'' participating in the blockade of the French Atlantic Coast and in the summer of 1805 he was dispatched to join [[Horatio Nelson|Admiral Nelson's]] fleet off [[Cadiz]] and so was present at the battle on 21 October.<ref name="Heathcote 2005 p150"/>

==Trafalgar==
Situated far to the rear of [[Cuthbert Collingwood|Admiral Collingwood's]] division, Rutherfurd made strenuous efforts to reach the battle, but although she was quite a new ship ''Swiftsure'' had been at sea for sometime and so had damage to her hull which prevented her from making great speed. It thus took several hours for ''Swiftsure'' to reach the fight, but when she did she proved decisive in several of the southern combats, engaging at various times with the 80 gun Spanish ship, ''Argonauta'' and the 74 gun French ship, [[French ship Achille (1803)|''Achille'']].<ref name="Heathcote 2005 p150"/> {{HMS|Belleisle|1795|6}} had been dismasted and was being pounded by three enemy ships when from the gunsmoke emerged the ''Swiftsure'', her crew cheering and her guns firing double shotted rounds into the enemy, principally the [[French ship Achille (1803)|''Achille'']] which was dismasted and caught fire, flames racing through the wooden ship. As thousands of panicking French sailors jumped into the sea, Rutherfurd ordered his ship's boats to rescue as many survivors as could be found, pulling hundreds aboard his ship but losing several men when the ''Achille'''s magazines suddenly detonated, swamping one of his boats. ''Swiftsure'' then tried to engage the 74 gun ''Aigle'' and the 80 gun ''Neptune''. ''Aigle'' moved away however when her captain spotted the arrival of ''HMS Polyphemus''.<ref name="Heathcote 2005 p150"/>

Following the battle, the barely damaged ''Swiftsure'' took the sinking [[French ship Redoutable (1791)|''Redoutable'']] in tow but was forced to cut the line when the French ship suddenly sank. Amongst the hundreds who drowned were five ''Swiftsure'' men.<ref name="Heathcote 2005 p150"/>
Rutherfurd returned to [[Gibraltar]] and from there travelled to Britain, where he was rewarded for his part in the action, but was then relegated to shore service and long periods of unemployment, unfortunately not possessing the seniority to make the jump to Admiral that so many of his contemporaries did.

==Later career and death==
Suffering from ill-health, in 1814 he was put in command of [[Greenwich Hospital (London)|Greenwich Hospital]] and a year later was made a [[Companion of the Bath]] {{Ref_label|B|b|none}}  upon the inception of that order. He died in 1818 after a long illness and was buried in the [[St. Margaret's, Westminster|Church of St. Margaret, Westminster]], where his grave marker is still visible. {{Ref_label|C|c|none}}

==Namesake==
The Royal Navy has named one ship for Rutherford, the frigate {{HMS|Rutherford|K558}}, which was in commission from 1943 to 1945 and saw action in [[World War II]].<ref>[http://www.captainclassfrigates.co.uk/ships/K558.html Captain Class Frigate Association: HMS Rutherford K558 (DE 93)]</ref>

== Notes ==
{{refbegin}}
'''a.''' {{Note_label|A|a|none}} Also spelled ''Rutherford''.<br />
'''b''' {{Note_label|B|b|none}} 4 June 1815.<br />
'''c''' {{Note_label|C|c|none}} Memorial: Wall marble tablet, St Margaret’s Church, Westminster, London.
{{refend}}

== References ==
<references/>

== Further reading ==
*''The Trafalgar Captains'', Colin White and the 1805 Club, Chatham Publishing, London, 2005, ISBN 1-86176-247-X

== External links ==
*[http://www.nelson-society.org.uk/html/body_william_gordon_rutherford.htm William Gordon Rutherford]
*[http://www.nmm.ac.uk/searchbin/searchs.pl?flashy=et1740z&flash=true Animation of the Battle of Trafalgar]
* {{Find a Grave|7076}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Rutherfurd, William Gordon}}
[[Category:1765 births]]
[[Category:1818 deaths]]
[[Category:Royal Navy officers]]
[[Category:Companions of the Order of the Bath]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of St Andrews]]
[[Category:People from Wilmington, North Carolina]]
[[Category:Royal Navy captains at the Battle of Trafalgar]]
[[Category:Royal Navy personnel of the French Revolutionary Wars]]
[[Category:Royal Navy personnel of the Napoleonic Wars]]