View source for Pakistan Navy

{{Use British English|date=June 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2013}}
{{Infobox military unit
|unit_name          = Pakistan Navy
|image              = [[File:Pakistan Navy emblem.svg|100px]]
|caption            = Pakistan Navy's Crest
|dates              = 14 August 1947 – present
|country            = {{PAK}}
|branch             = 
|type               = [[Navy]]
|role               = Maritime Defense & Strike
|size               = 30,700 active<ref name="IISS2010"/><br>5,000 reserves<ref name="IISS2010"/><br>63 [[Pakistan Navy#Fleet composition|ships]]<br>101 aircraft<ref name="Flightglobal">[https://d1fmezig7cekam.cloudfront.net/VPP/Global/Flight/Airline%20Business/AB%20home/Edit/WorldAirForces2015.pdf Flightglobal - World Air Forces 2015] (PDF), [[Flightglobal.com]]</ref>
|command_structure  = [[Ministry of Defense (Pakistan)|Ministry of Defense]]<br / >[[Pakistan Armed Forces]]
|garrison           = [[Naval Headquarters (Pakistan Navy)|NHQ]], [[Islamabad]]
|garrison_label     = Naval Headquarters (NHQ)
|nickname           = {{lang|ur|پاک بحریہ}}  ({{lang|ur-Latn|''Pak Bahr'ya''}}) or PN
|motto              = A Silent Force to Reckon With
|patron             =
|colors             = Navy blue and White {{color box|#041A2A}}{{color box|white}}
|colors_label       = Colours
|march              = 
|mascot             =
|equipment          =
|equipment_label    =
|battles            = <div style="width: 220px;"> [[Indo-Pakistan war of 1965]]<br>[[Bangladesh Liberation War]]<br>[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1971]]<br>[[Balochistan conflict]]<br>[[Indo-Pakistani War of 1999]]<br>[[Atlantique incident]]<br>[[2001–2002 India–Pakistan standoff|2002 Indo-Pakistani Standoff]]<br>[[War on Terror]]<br>[[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake|2004 Tsunami Relief Operations]]<br>[[Operation Enduring Freedom]]<br>[[Combined Task Force 150]]<br>[[Combined Task Force 151]]<br>[[2010 Pakistan floods|Operation Madad]]<br>[[Piracy in Somalia|Operations Near the HOA]]<br>[[War in North-West Pakistan|War in North West-Pakistan]]
|anniversaries                 = Navy Day is on 8 September
|decorations                   = [[Awards and decorations of the Pakistan military|Military]] and [[Civil decorations of Pakistan|Civil decorations]] of [[Pakistan]].
|battle_honours                =[[Nishan-e-Haider]]
<!-- Commanders --> 
|commander1                    = [[Admiral]] [[Muhammad Zakaullah]]
|commander1_label              = [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff]]
|commander2                    = [[Vice Admiral]] Khan Hasham Bin Siddique
|commander2_label              = [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Vice Chief of Naval Staff]]
|commander3                    = 
|commander3_label              = 
|notable_commanders            = Admiral [[Mohammad Shariff]]<br>Admiral [[Iftikhar Ahmed Sirohey]]<br>Vice-Admiral [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan]]
<!-- Insignia -->
|identification_symbol=[[File:Naval Standard of Pakistan.svg|border|125px]]
|identification_symbol_label=Standard (flag) of the Navy
|identification_symbol_2=[[File:Naval Jack of Pakistan.svg|125px]]
|identification_symbol_2_label=Naval Jack of Pakistan
|identification_symbol_3=[[File:Naval Ensign of Pakistan.svg|border|125px]]
|identification_symbol_3_label=Naval Ensign of Pakistan
|identification_symbol_4       =
|identification_symbol_4_label =
<!-- Aircraft -->
|aircraft_attack               =
|aircraft_bomber               =[[Dassault Mirage 5]]
|aircraft_electronic           =[[Hawker 800|Hawker 850 XP]]
|aircraft_fighter              =
|aircraft_helicopter           =[[Westland Seaking]], [[Aérospatiale Alouette III|Aérospatiale SA-319B Alouette III]], [[Harbin Z-9]]
|aircraft_interceptor          =
|aircraft_patrol               = [[Lockheed P-3 Orion|Lockheed P-3C Orion]], [[Fokker F27 Friendship|Fokker F27-2000]], [[Breguet Atlantic|Breguet Atlantique I]], [[ATR-72-500]]
|aircraft_recon                = 
|aircraft_trainer              =
|aircraft_transport            = 
}}

The '''Pakistan Navy''' ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq| '''پاکستان بحریہ'''}}}}; {{lang|ur-Latn|''Pɑkistan Bahri'a''}}) ([[Reporting name|reporting name:]] '''PN''') is the [[naval warfare]] branch of [[Pakistan Armed Forces]], responsible for [[Pakistan]]'s {{Convert|1046|km|sigfig=3}} of coastline along the [[Arabian Sea]], and the defence of important civilian harbours and military bases. The Pakistan Navy came into the existence after the [[Pakistan Movement|independence]] of Pakistan in 1947, and is headed by [[Muhammad Zakaullah|Admiral Muhammed Zakaullah]]. [[Navy Day]] is celebrated on 8 September in commemoration of the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]].<ref>[http://pakistantimes.net/2005/09/06/top2.htm Pakistan Times &#124; Top Story: Defence Day in Pakistan today; President, PM ask nation to imbibe spirit of ’65 War]</ref>

The Pakistan Navy's current and primary role is to protect the country's economic and military interests at home and abroad, executing the foreign and defence policies of the [[Government of Pakistan]] through the exercise of military effect, diplomatic activities and other activities in support of these objectives.<ref name="Pakistan Navy Public and Military Affairs ">{{cite web| last =Pakistan Navy| title =Pakistan Navy: Roles and Function| work =Naval Inter-Service Public Relation (Naval ISPR)| publisher =Pakistan Navy Public and Military Affairs| date =18 March 2008| url =http://www.paknavy.gov.pk| doi =| accessdate =2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal| last =Khan, Pakistan Navy (retired), current research officer at Pakistan Naval War College| first =Commander Muhammad Azam| title =Options for Pakistan Navy: § Pakistan Navy: A sentinel for energy and economic security| journal =| volume = | issue = | page =7 | publisher =Commander Muhammad Azam Khan, retired. Current, research officer at the Pakistan Naval War College| location =[[United States Naval Academy]]| year =2011| url =http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:07Y3Irx3AO8J:www.usnwc.edu/getattachment/cc6209f2-7f01-4bb7-ac24-8c301c62f015/S-2--Options-for-the-Pakistan-Navy+pakistan+navy+in+space+program&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiCaTe2oeJ2JwqKQE0UX8j-cw-UPdVfozoMAwRfsYewXAXeayLVIPxn2TyMVcGTW9A_BdSqACZjpRhb8_u-EfL-kslbz7CXPTIr9PZBtAguv97XWyY4K4fsg2utDUL8dmXdtmjg&sig=AHIEtbTIXTgr9LKaJv5Fbgnj_ftn-1MQzw| accessdate = }}</ref> In the 21st century, the Pakistan Navy also focuses on limited overseas operations, and has played a vital role in the establishment of the [[Pakistan Antarctic Programme]].<ref>Mills, J.M. (2003). Exploring polar frontiers: a historical encyclopedia. 1 (A–M). Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.</ref><ref>{{cite web| last =PN| first =Pakistan Navy| authorlink =| coauthors =| title =Pakistan Navy: Hydrography| work =Naval Inter-Service Public Relation (Naval ISPR)| publisher =Pakistan Navy Department of National Research and Hydrography| url =http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/hydro/h_intro.htm| doi =| accessdate =2011 }}</ref>

The Pakistan Navy is supported by the [[Pakistan Coast Guard]], and the [[Maritime Security Agency]] (MSA), the paramilitary forces of Pakistan.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}

The Navy is undergoing extensive [[Pakistan Navy#Frigates|modernisation and expansion]] as part of [[Pakistan's role in the War on Terror]]. Since 2001, the Pakistan Navy has increased and expanded its operational scope, and has been given greater national and international responsibility in countering the threat of sea-based global terrorism, drug smuggling, and piracy.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}} In 2004, Pakistan Navy became a member of the primarily [[North Atlantic Treaty Organization|NATO]] Combined Task Forces [[CTF-150]] and [[CTF-151]].<ref>http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2009%5C07%5C21%5Cstory_21-7-2009_pg7_29</ref>

The [[Constitution of Pakistan]] makes the [[President of Pakistan]] the civilian Commander-in-Chief. The Chief of Naval Staff (CNS), by statute a four star admiral, is appointed by the President with the consultation and confirmation needed from the [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]]. The Chief of Naval Staff is subordinate to the civilian [[Defence Minister of Pakistan|Defence Minister]] and [[Defence Secretary of Pakistan|Secretary of Defence]], and commands the Navy.

==History==
{{quote|text= [[Fourteenth of August|Today]] is a historic day for Pakistan, doubly so for those of us in the Navy. The [[Dominion of Pakistan]] has come into being and with it a new Navy – the Royal Pakistan Navy – has been born. I am proud to have been appointed to command it and serve with you at this time. In the coming months, it will be my duty and yours to build up our Navy into a happy and efficient force|sign=[[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], the [[Quaid-e-Azam|founder]] of [[Pakistan]], addressing the [[Pakistan Naval Academy|Naval Academy]] in March 1948.|source=<ref name="Pakistan Navy, Historical reference"/> }}

The Pakistan Navy came into existence on the [[Independence Day (Pakistan)|Fourteenth of August]], 1947 with the [[Creation of Pakistan|establishment]] of the [[State of Pakistan]].<ref name="Pakistan Navy, Historical reference">{{cite web|last=GoPAK|first=Government of Pakistan|title=History|url=http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/history.htm|work=Electronic Government of Pakistan|publisher=Pakistan Navy, Historical reference|accessdate=6 April 2012}}</ref> The Armed Forces Reconstitution Committee (AFRC) divided the [[Royal Indian Navy]] between India and Pakistan. The Royal Pakistan Navy secured two [[sloop]]s, two [[frigate]]s, four minesweepers, two [[naval trawler]]s, four harbour launches and some 358 personnel (180 officers and 34 [[Naval rating|ratings]]). Because of the high percentage of [[river delta|delta]] areas on its coast, Pakistan also received a number of [[Harbour Defence Motor Launch|harbour defence motor launches]]. As part of the [[Commonwealth of Nations]], the prefix "Royal" was used until the state was proclaimed a republic in 1956.<ref name="Pakistan Navy, Historical reference"/> The Navy endured a difficult history, only 200 officers and 3000 sailors were inherited to the Navy, the most senior being Commodore HMS Chaudhry.<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> The Navy suffered perennial problems with inadequate staff, lack of operational bases, and poor technological and personnel resources. It was also the smallest branch of the armed forces in terms of technical staff, equipment, and officers, as compared to the [[Pakistan Army|army]] and [[Pakistan Air Force|air force]].<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> Despite these difficulties, the Navy faced the challenges, and launched a high profile recruitment program for the young nation, starting in [[East Pakistan|East-Pakistan]].<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> When it proved difficult to sustain the program in East Pakistan, the Navy shifted its focus to West Pakistan.<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/>

===The beginning===
[[File:Shamsher Pakistan SLV Green 1951.jpg|thumb|left|Frigate Shamsher in 1951]]

The Pakistan Navy saw no action during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]], as all fighting was restricted to land. However, [[Commodore (rank)|Commodore]] [[Haji Mohammad Siddiq Choudri|Sidik Chaudhry]] took part in operational planning,{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}} and the Navy evacuated Pakistani nationals from disputed and hostile areas, with its frigates operating continuously.<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> Rear-Admiral [[James Wilfred Jefford]], Chief of Naval Staff, had created a "Short-term Emergency Plan (STEP)" to work up the frigates and naval defences.<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> In 1948, the directorate-general for [[Naval Intelligence of Pakistan|Naval Intelligence]] (DGNI), a staff corps, was established under Commander [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan]], who served as its first Director-General, in Karachi. When the 1947 war came to an end, the Navy began expanding its facilities and bases, establishing a headquarters in Karachi. In 1949 it acquired its first [[O and P class destroyer|O Class destroyer]] from the [[Royal Navy]].<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/>

The operational history of the Pakistan Navy began in 1949 with the [[Royal Navy]]'s donation of two battle destroyers, the [[PNS Tippu Sultan (1941)|PNS ''Tippu Sultan'']] and ''[[PNS Tariq (1941)|PNS Tariq]]''. The ''Tippu Sultan'' was commissioned on 30 September 1949, under Commander P.S. Evans, whilst the ''Tariq'' was placed under the command of [[Lieutenant-Commander]] [[Afzal Rahman Khan]]. The two destroyers formed the 25th Destroyer Squadron. The [[HMIS Narbada (U40)|PNS ''Jhelum'']] and [[USS Henderson (DD-785)|PNS ''Tughril'']], under Commander [[Muzaffar Hassan|Muzaffar Hasan]], also joined the Royal Pakistan Navy.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}

In 1950, the Navy underwent extensive nationalization and consolidation programs, in which large numbers of native officers were promoted. Dockyard, logistics, and engineering services were formed, and vigorous efforts were made to integrate the navy presence in [[East Pakistan|East-Pakistan]] into a full development plan for the navy, thereby creating opportunities for people in East-Pakistan to participate in the build-up. During this period, certain key positions in Naval Combatant Headquarters (NHQ) were given to native officers, in place of [[Royal Navy]] officers.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}} Commander Khalid Jamil was appointed as the navy's first Pakistani [[Deputy Chief of Naval Staff]] (DCNS), while [[Rear-Admiral]] [[James Wilfred Jefford]] served as first chief of naval staff until 1953.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}} Jefford was assisted by [[Chief of staff|Deputy Chief of Staff]] Commander M. A. Alavi, whilst other administrative positions were  redesigned and created by the [[Pakistan Government]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}} In the mid-1950s, the [[Ministry of Finance (Pakistan)|Ministry of Finance]] awarded contracts to the [[Pakistan Army]]'s [[Corps of Engineers, Pakistan Army|Corps of Engineers]] for the construction of NHQ in Karachi and the [[Karachi Naval Dockyard]]. During this time, a number of goodwill missions were carried out by the navy's combatant ships, and non-combat missions were conducted under the auspices of the [[Royal Navy]]. Pakistan Navy ships cruised and visited ports worldwide with the Royal Navy. In 1950, Commodore Chaudhry took command of [[PNS Shamsheer|PNS ''Shamsheer'']]; in 1953 he became the navy's first Pakistani chief of naval staff, handing over command of the 25th Destroyer Squadron to [[Captain (naval)|Captain]] Romould Nalecz Tyminski, the first Polish officer to serve in the Pakistan Navy.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}

[[File:HMS Gabbard (D47).jpg|thumb|PNS ''Badr'', a destroyer visiting [[Great Britain|Britain]], 1957.]]

In 1956, the [[Parliament of Pakistan]] unanimously passed the [[Constitution of Pakistan of 1956|1956 Constitution of Pakistan]] and proclaimed the State of Pakistan as an [[Islamic Republic]] under the new constitution. The prefix ''Royal'' was dropped, and the service was re-designated the Pakistan Navy, or  "PN". The PN Jack and Pakistan flag replaced the [[Colours, standards and guidons#United Kingdom and other Commonwealth nations|Queen's colour]] and the [[White Ensign]] respectively. The order of precedence of the three services changed from Navy, Army, Air force to Army, Navy, Air Force.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}

In February 1956, the [[British government]] announced the transfer of several major surface combat ships to Pakistan. These warships − a cruiser and four destroyers − were purchased with funds made available under the U.S. [[Military Assistance Program]]. The acquisition of a few additional warships from 1956 to 1963 – two destroyers, eight coastal minesweepers, and an oiler − was the direct result of Pakistan's participation in the anti-Communist defence pacts [[SEATO]] and [[CENTO]]. During this time the Navy made an effort to acquire its first submarine, but the attempts were rebuffed as the political situation in Pakistan worsened in the 1950s.<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/>

===Indo-Pakistan war of 1965===
{{Main|Operation Somnath}}

The Navy was well-prepared when, following the 1965 [[Operation Gibraltar|Kashmir incursion]], war again erupted between Pakistan and India.<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors">{{cite book|last=Goldrick|first=James|title=No Easy Answers|year=1997|publisher=Lancer's Publications and Distributors|location=New Delhi|isbn=1-897829-02-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6XW7kKHQeQoC&pg=PA45&dq=Pakistan+Navy&hl=en&ei=SpWDT4GQFfLciQKs05zzBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-thumbnail&resnum=8&ved=0CFQQ6wEwBw#v=onepage&q&f=true}}</ref> Chief of Naval Staff Admiral [[Afzal Rahman Khan]] ordered all units of the Pakistan Navy to take up defensive positions off the coast, but did not order any offensive operations in the Bay of Bengal.<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> As the [[Indian Air Force]]'s repeated sorties and raids disrupted [[Pakistan Air Force|PAF]] operations, the Navy assumed a more aggressive role in the conflict.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}  On 2 September, the Navy deployed its first long-range submarine, the [[PNS Ghazi|PNS ''Ghazi'']], which was charged with gathering intelligence on Indian naval movements.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}} The flagship submarine of Pakistan, was directed by [[Commander]] [[Karamat Rahman Niazi]] (later a four-star admiral). In addition to engaging Indian frigates, missiles boats, or corvettes, ''Ghazi'' was also tasked with diverting threats posed by the aircraft carrier [[INS Vikrant (R11)|INS ''Vikrant'']].{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}

[[File:Ussdiablo.jpg|thumb|The submarine ''PNS Ghazi'' during the Indo-Pakistani war of 1965. Pakistan suffered the loss of the long-range submarine (as well as 100 personnel) in 1971, when it was sunk under mysterious circumstances.]]

On the night of 7/8 September, a Pakistani squadron comprising four destroyers, one frigate, one cruiser, and one submarine, under the command of Commodore S.M. Anwar, launched [[Operation Dwarka]], an attack on radar facilities used by the Indian Air Force in the small coastal town of [[Dwarka]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}} The operation ended with limited damage to the area.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}

''[[PNS Ghazi|Ghazi]]'' was deployed against the Indian Navy's western fleet at [[Bombay]] (Mumbai).On 23 September, ''Ghazi'' ended her operations and proceeded to [[Karachi Naval Dockyard]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}

[[Operation Dwarka]] had greatly increased the prestige of the Pakistan Navy.<ref name="Repro India Ltd."/> It had also alerted Indian commanders to the significant threat posed by the Pakistan Navy, and to its own naval shortcomings.<ref name="Repro India Ltd."/> The Pakistanis did, however, acquire three [[Daphné class submarine]]s from France, while operating [[Tench class submarine]] from the United States, and established the [[Special Service Group Navy|Naval special forces]] in 1966.<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/> The Navy also attempted to establish a naval air service, composed of fighter jets, but this proved impossible due to budgetary constraints and the opposition of the Air Force, which was reluctant to risk and lose its aircraft in open-sea operations.<ref name="Lancer's Publications and Distributors"/>

Indifference toward naval affairs by then-President General Ayub Khan further deteriorated and jeopardized the operational scope of the Navy. In 1970, General Yahya Khan began a series of reforms which increased the Navy's role in national defense.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}

===Indo-Pakistan war of 1971===
{{Main|Operation Barisal|Operation Jackpot|Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971}}

The Pakistan Navy was poorly represented in [[East Pakistan]] (now [[Bangladesh]]), and lacked capacity for conducting offensive operations in the [[Bay of Bengal]].{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}  The fleet was almost entirely deployed in (West) Pakistan. In East Pakistan, the Navy deployed the [[Special Service Group Navy|Naval Special Service Group]] and the entire formation of [[Pakistan Marines]] (PM), initially charged with conducting expeditionary operations.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}} The city of [[Karachi]], the hub of Pakistan's [[maritime trade]], housed the combatant headquarters of the Pakistan Navy. Although proposals were made to increase the naval presence in East Pakistan, no serious reforms were made. On 15 March 1971, the [[Special Service Group Navy|Navy special forces]] launched a counter-terrorism and counter-insurgency operation codenamed [[Operation Jackpot]], and in April followed it up with a full-scale offensive codenamed [[Operation Barisal]]. This was followed by the deployment of [[PNS Ghazi]] East Pakistan, initially for the purpose of gathering intelligence on Indian naval movements.
{{quote|text=At then end of [[Bangladesh Liberation War|East-Pakistan crisis]].... We (Pakistan Navy, Eastern Command) had no intelligence and hence, were both deaf and blind with the [[Indian Navy]] and [[Indian Air Force]] pounding us day and night.... |sign=Admiral Mohammad Sharif, <small>to U.S. Admiral [[Elmo Zumwalt|Zumwalt]] in 1971</small>|source=.<ref name="Lancer's Publishers and Distributions">{{cite book|last=Roy|first=Admiral Mihir K.|title=War in the Indian Ocean|year=1995|publisher=Lancer's Publishers and Distributions|location=United States|isbn=1-897829-11-6|pages=218–230|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tqr8r7EB18wC&pg=PA218&dq=admiral+mohammad+shariff&hl=en&ei=KFjyTsLUO4SjiALD64ynCQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-thumbnail&resnum=4&ved=0CEEQ6wEwAw#v=onepage&q=admiral%20mohammad%20shariff&f=false}}</ref>}}

[[File:USS Wiltsie (DD-716).jpg|thumb|left|[[USS Wiltsie (DD-716)|PNS ''Nazim'']], which previously took part in the [[Vietnam War|Vietnam]] and [[Korean War]]s in the US Navy as USS ''Wiltsie'' (DD-716).]]

In 1969, former Commander of the Navy Admiral [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan]] was sent to East Pakistan, and became overall commander of Pakistani armed forces there.<ref name="Inter Services Public Relations"/> Under his direction, the navy's presence in East Pakistan was tripled.<ref name="Inter Services Public Relations">{{cite book|last=Salik, PA|first=Siddique|title=Witness to Surrender|publisher=Inter Services Public Relations|location=Karachi, Pakistan|isbn=984-05-1374-5|pages=60–90}}</ref> Command-size naval assets were expanded, with an administrative unit operating in East Pakistan. The Eastern Naval Command posed a significant threat to the Indian Navy's counterpart [[Eastern Naval Command]].<ref name="Inter Services Public Relations"/> Therefore, the Indian Navy launched an operation (somewhat confusingly, also codenamed 'Jackpot'), to disrupt the Eastern High Command and threaten its existence in the Eastern wing. With East Pakistan having been surrounded on all three landward sides by the [[Indian Army]], the PN was attempting to prevent India from blocking the coast as well.<ref name="Inter Services Public Relations"/>

On 4 December, the Indian Navy launched a naval attack, [[Operation Trident (Indo-Pakistani War)|Operation Trident]], consisting of 3 [[Osa class missile boat|OSA class]] [[missile boat]]s escorted by two [[anti-submarine]] patrol vessels. Nearing Karachi's port area, they launched [[SS-N-2 Styx]] anti-ship missiles, which the obsolescent Pakistani naval ships had no viable defense against.<ref>[http://www.defencejournal.com/nov98/angrysea.htm The Angry Sea], ''Defense Journal'', November 1998</ref> [[PNS Muhafiz|PNS ''Muhafiz'']] and [[PNS Khyber|PNS ''Khyber'']] were both sunk, while [[PNS Shahjahan]] was damaged beyond repair. It was a stunning victory for India, with no damage to their navy's attacking squadron.

On 8 December 1971, the ''[[PNS Hangor|Hangor]]'', a [[Daphné class submarine]], sank the Indian frigate [[INS Khukri (1958)|INS ''Khukri'']] off the coast of Gujarat, India. This was the first sinking of a warship by a submarine since [[World War II]], and resulted in the loss of 18 officers and 176 sailors of the Indian navy. The same submarine also severely damaged another warship, INS ''Kirpan''.<ref name="gs">{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/hangor.htm|title=Hangor Class (Fr Daphn|author=John Pike|publisher=|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref> Attempts were made by Pakistan to counter the Indian missile boat threat by carrying out bombing raids over Okha harbour, the forward base of the missile boats. The Indian Navy retaliated with an attack on the Pakistani coast, named ''[[Operation Python]]'', on the night of 8 December 1971. A small group of Indian vessels, consisting of a missile boat and two frigates, approached Karachi. The Indian ships sank the Panamian vessel Gulf Star, while the Pakistan Navy's ''PNS Dacca'' and the British ship SS ''Harmattan'' were damaged. ''Python'' was a complete success for the Indian Navy, and a psychological trauma for Pakistan Navy, the human and material cost severely cutting into its combat capability.<ref name="Trident, Grandslam and Python: Attacks on Karachi">{{cite web|last=IN|first=Indian Navt|title=Trident, Grandslam and Python: Attacks on Karachi|url=http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/NAVY/History/1971War/44-Attacks-On-Karachi.html|work=Trident, Grandslam and Python: Attacks on Karachi|publisher=Trident, Grandslam and Python: Attacks on Karachi|accessdate=9 April 2012}}</ref> Civilian pilots from [[Pakistan International Airlines]] volunteered to conduct surveillance missions with the [[PAF]], but this proved less than helpful when they misidentified a Pakistan Navy frigate, PNS ''Zulfikar'', as an Indian missile boat.<ref name="Trident, Grandslam and Python: Attacks on Karachi"/> PAF planes made several attack runs before finally identifying the ''Zulfikar''.<ref name="Trident, Grandslam and Python: Attacks on Karachi"/> The friendly attack resulted in further loss of navy personnel, as well as the loss of the ship, which was severely damaged. The Pakistan Navy's operational capabilities were now virtually extinct, and morale plummeted.<ref name="Trident, Grandslam and Python: Attacks on Karachi"/> Indian Navy observers noted that the "PAF pilots failed to recognize the difference between a large [[HMS Apollo (F70)|PNS ''Zulfikar'' frigate]] and a [[Osa class missile boat|small Osa missile boat]].".<ref name="Trident, Grandslam and Python: Attacks on Karachi"/> After the friendly attack, all naval surface operations came to a halt under the orders of chief of naval staff.<ref name="Trident, Grandslam and Python: Attacks on Karachi"/>

The Navy's only long range submarine, ''[[PNS Ghazi|Ghazi]]'', was deployed to the area but, according to neutral sources, it sank en route under mysterious circumstances.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=ZcejlMRYNAAC&pg=PA179&dq=PNS+Ghazi&ei=LKdDSKG0H4KijgGs1qG-BQ&sig=9YcFuLJttkAY3wIH965XTx6eU1Y#v=onepage&q=PNS%20Ghazi&f=false Seapower: A Guide for the Twenty-first Century - Geoffrey Till - Google Boeken<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Pakistani authorities state that it sank either due to internal explosion or detonation of mines which it was laying at the time.<ref>{{cite news|last=Joseph|first=Josy |title=Now, no record of Navy sinking Pakistani submarine in 1971|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-05-12/india/28288237_1_submarine-ins-rajput-eastern-naval-command|work=TOI website|publisher=Times of India|accessdate=28 May 2010|date=12 May 2010|quote=Pakistani authorities say the submarine sank because of either an internal explosion or accidental blast of mines that the submarine itself was laying around Vizag harbour. }}</ref> The Indian Navy claims to have sank the submarine.<ref>[http://openlibrary.org/b/OL4243900M/No-way-but-surrender No way but surrender: an account of the Indo-Pakistan War in the Bay of Bengal, 1971] By Vice Admiral N. Krishnan (Retd.)</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jacob|first=Lt Gen JFR |title=The truth behind the Navy's 'sinking' of Ghazi|url=http://sify.com/news/the-truth-behind-the-navy-s-sinking-of-ghazi-news-columns-kfztj3bhjeh.html|work=sify news website|publisher=sify news}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jacob|first=Lt Gen JFR |title=The truth behind the Navy's 'sinking' of Ghazi|url=http://sify.com/news/the-truth-behind-the-navy-s-sinking-of-ghazi-news-columns-kfztj3bhjeh.html|work=sify news website|publisher=sify news|accessdate=28 May 2010|date=25 May 2010|quote= On December 9, the Navy announced that they had sunk the Ghazi on December 4, after the start of the war. Later, officers were decorated for their role and the offensive action of their ships in the sinking of the Ghazi. After the war, however, teams of divers confirmed that it was an internal explosion that sank the Ghazi. The log of the Ghazi was recovered and the last entry as far as I can recall was on November 29, 1971. Sadly, that too has been destroyed. }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/jan/22inter.htm|title=The Rediff Interview/Admiral S M Nanda (retd)  'Does the US want war with India?' |last=Sengupta|first=Ramananda|date=22 January 2007|work=Interview|publisher=Rediff|accessdate=26 March 2010|location=India}}</ref> The submarine's destruction enabled the Indian Navy to enforce a blockade on then East Pakistan.<ref name = Defencejournal>{{cite web | title=Maritime Awareness and Pakistan Navy | work=Defence Notes by Commander (Retd) Muhammad Azam Khan | url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/mar/maritime.htm | accessdate= 16 May 2005 }}</ref> According to the defence magazine, ''Pakistan Defence Journal'', the attack on Karachi, Dhaka, Chittagong and the loss of ''Ghazi'', the Navy no longer was able to match the threat of Indian Navy as it was already outclassed by the Indian Navy after the 1965 war.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}

The damage inflicted by the [[Indian Navy]] and [[Indian Air Force]] on the PN stood at seven [[gunboat]]s, one [[Minesweeper (ship)|minesweeper]], two [[destroyers]], three patrol craft belonging to the [[Pakistan Coast Guard]], 18 cargo, supply and communication vessels, and large-scale damage inflicted on the naval base and docks in the coastal town of Karachi. Three merchant navy ships; Anwar Baksh, Pasni and Madhumathi;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.irfc-nausena.nic.in/irfc/ezine/Trans2Trimph/chapters/39_transfer%20of%20ships1.htm|title=Chapter-39|publisher=|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref> and ten smaller vessels were captured.<ref name = Orbat>{{cite web | title=Damage Assessment – 1971 INDO-PAK Naval War | work=B. Harry | url=http://www.orbat.com/site/cimh/navy/kills(1971)-2.pdf |format=PDF| accessdate=16 May 2005}}</ref> Around 1900 personnel were lost, while 1413 servicemen were captured by Indian forces in [[Dhaka]].<ref name = "losses">{{cite web | title=Military Losses in the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War | work=Venik | url=http://www.aeronautics.ru/archive/vif2_project/indo_pak_war_1971.htm | accessdate=30 May 2005}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> The Indian Navy lost 18 officers and 176 sailors<ref name="gs"/><ref>[http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=153894 Express India]</ref> and a [[frigate]], while another frigate was damaged and a [[Breguet Alizé]] naval aircraft was shot down by the [[Pakistan Air Force]]. According to one Pakistan scholar, [[Tariq Ali]], the Pakistan Navy lost a third of its force in the war.<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Tariq Ali]] | title=Can Pakistan Survive? The Death of a State | publisher=Penguin Books Ltd | year=1983 | isbn=978-0-14-022401-6}}</ref> Despite the limited resources and manpower, the Navy performed its task diligently by providing support to inter-services (air force and army) until the end.<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad">{{cite book|last=Shariff, PN|first=Admiral Mohammad|title=Admiral's Diary: Battling through stormy sea life for decades|year=2010|publisher=The Army Press, Islamabad|page=415|url=http://dawn.com/2010/10/24/excerpt-how-the-east-was-lost/}}</ref>  The primary reason for this loss has been attributed to the central command's failure in defining a role for the Navy, or the military in general, in East Pakistan.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}} Since then the Navy has sought to improve the structure and fleet by putting special emphasis on sub-surface warfare capability as it allows for the most efficient way to deny the control of Pakistani sea lanes to an adversary.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}

===Cold war operations===
{{See also|Operation Umeed-e-Nuh|Operation United Shield|Operation Parakram|Soviet war in Afghanistan}}
{{quote|text=Pakistan fully endorse the requirements of a strong navy, capable of safeguarding Pakistan's sea frontiers and her Lines of Communication, monitoring and protecting her exclusive economic zone. Continuous efforts are at hand to provide the best available equipment to the Navy despite all economic constraints.|sign=[[Pervez Musharraf]], 1999|source=<ref name="Lieutenant-General F.S. Lodhi, PA,"/>}}
After the 1971 war, the Navy had to be re-organized, re-visioned, and re-established after being destroyed its facilities, manpower, and operational basis during the war by the Indian Navy.<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/> The coming [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff]] Admiral [[Mohammad Shariff|Muhammad Sharif]] reconstituted the Navy and gave commissioned to [[Pakistan Naval Air Arm|Naval Air Arm]] of the Navy.<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/> During the course of war, the co-ordination between [[Pakistan Armed Forces|Inter-services]] was limited, lack of communication, poor execution of joint-operations, this led to the establishment of [[Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]].<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/> In a small span of time, the navy facilities, manpower and profile of Navy was quickly arranged and raised by Admiral Muhammad Sharif, and his services to Navy led him to be appointed as first navy admiral [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee|Chairman]] of [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee|Joint Chiefs Committee]] of Pakistan Armed Forces.<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/>

The Pakistan Navy came into public notice in 1974 after it had reportedly applied a naval blockage and played an integral role to stop the arm smuggled in [[Balochistan conflict]].<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/> After the discovery of [[Arms discovery in Iraqi Embassy (Pakistan)|Arms in the Iraqi Embassy]] in Pakistan, the Navy made an effort to apply a [[naval blockade]] to prevent arms smuggling in the Province. Later, the navy provided logistic support to the Army and the Air Force in the conflict.<ref name="The Army Press, Islamabad"/>

[[File:PNS Ghazi 134 DN-SC-92-03633.JPEG|thumb|left|The Daphne class submarine ''Ghazi'' (S-134) deployed during the [[Operation Restore Hope]].]]

From her inception, the Navy sought to diversify its purchases instead of depending solely on the United States, which had placed an arms embargo on both India and Pakistan.<ref name="Navy"/> After 1971, the Navy sought more combatant vessels from friendly countries notably, France and [[PR China|China]].<ref name="Navy"/> Thus, its extreme modernization programme led the Pakistan Navy to become the first navy in South Asia to acquire land-based ballistics missile capable long range reconnaissance aircraft.<ref name="Navy">South Asia's Nuclear Security Dilemma: India, Pakistan, and China By Lowell Dittmer, pp 77 ''</ref> During the 1980s, the Pakistan Navy enjoyed unprecedented growth, doubling its surface fleet from 8 to 16 surface combatants in 1989. In 1982, the [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] administration approved US$3.2 billion military and economic aid to Pakistan. Pakistan acquired eight Brooke and Garcia-class frigates from [[US Navy|United States Navy]] on a five-year lease in 1988. A [[military base|depot]] for repairs, [[USS Hector (AR-7)|USS Hector]] followed the lease of these ships in April 1989. However, after the [[Soviet troop withdrawal from Afghanistan]] in 1989 US President [[George H. W. Bush|George Bush]] was advised to no longer certify that Pakistan was not involved in the development of nuclear weapons and the [[Pressler amendment]] was invoked on 1 October 1990. The lease of the first [[Brooke class frigate]] expired in March 1993, the remaining in early 1994. This seriously impaired the Pakistan Navy, which was composed almost entirely of former US origin ships. Realizing the US U-turn policy, Pakistan began to concentrate on self-reliance for its military equipment needs. Prime Minister [[Benazir Bhutto]] successfully negotiated and signed an agreement with France to sell the [[Agosta class submarine]] for Pakistan Navy, including the technology transfer of [[Air-independent propulsion]] to Pakistan. This agreement was reportedly highly controversial but it had tripled the war capabilities of Pakistan Navy, despite Indian protests that were lodged internationally. The United Kingdom approved the sale of [[Westland Lynx]] and [[Westland Sea King|Sea King]] helicopters, equipped with [[Anti-submarine warfare|ASW]] missiles which further enhanced the capabilities of Pakistan Navy.

After the success of [[Pakistan and weapons of mass destruction|atomic project]] in 1998, several proposals were called and made for Pakistan Navy to transformed into a [[nuclear navy]]. In 1990, the Navy began negotiations with [[People's Liberation Army Navy]] to lease a [[nuclear submarine]], a Chinese [[Type 091 submarine|Type 091 ''Han'' class]] submarine after rival India Navy leased a Russian-based [[Charlie class submarine|Charlie 1 class]] nuclear from Soviet Union.<ref name="NTI 1990">{{cite web|last=NTI|title=Nuclear Submarine for Navy|url=http://www.nti.org/media/pdfs/pakistan_nuclear.pdf?_=1316466791|work=October 6, 1990|publisher=NTI 1990|accessdate=7 April 2012}}</ref> However, the Navy cancelled the negotiations with the [[People's Liberation Army Navy|Chinese Navy]] after the learning the Indian Navy had returned the Russian submarine was returned in 1991.<ref name="NTI 1990"/> In 1991, the Navy became involved with [[Operation Restore Hope]] after learning the death of personnels of [[Pakistan Army]] in Somalia. The Navy dispatched one submarine and two destroyer frigates to support the US Navy's operations in Somalia. The Navy also took participation in [[Operation United Shield]] in 1995 with the United States, dispatching two destroyers to support the US Navy's operation and concluded its side of operation after evacuating personnel and equipments of [[Pakistan Army|army]] and [[PAF|air force]].

During the [[Kargil War]] episode, the Pakistan Navy was deactivated along with the [[Pakistan Air Force]], according to [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff]] [[Admiral Fasih Bokhari]]. However, when Indian Navy launched ''Operation Talwar'', Pakistan Navy responded by deploying the submarines and destroyers combatant ships to keep Indian Navy from Ports of Karachi and Baluchistan.<ref name="Lieutenant-General F.S. Lodhi, PA,"/> The [[Pakistan Naval Air Arm|Naval Air Arm]] maintained its reconnaissance and patrol operations near at the Arabian sea. In 1999, another proposal was raised to switched the [[Air-independent propulsion]] of Agosta submarine to substitute with [[Nuclear propulsion]], however the proposal was dismissed.<ref name="Lieutenant-General F.S. Lodhi, PA,">{{cite web|last=Lodhi|first=F.S.|title=An Agosta Submarine for Pakistan|url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/jan/agosta.htm|work=Lieutenant-General F.S. Lodhi|publisher=Lieutenant-General F.S. Lodhi, PA,|accessdate=7 April 2012}}</ref> During the 2001–2002 India-Pakistan Standoff, the Pakistan Navy was a put on high-alert and more than a dozen warships were deployed near at the Arabian Sea. In 2001, the Navy took consideration of deploying the nuclear weapons on its submarines although none of the nuclear weapons were ever deployed in the submarines.<ref name="NTI 1990"/>

===Indo-Pakistani war of 1999===
{{Main|Atlantique Incident|Indo-Pakistani War of 1999}}

Although the Navy was restricted from participating in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1999 (or the [[Kargil war]]), it came under much pressure to protect the civilian and military bases in Pakistan while performing non-combat missions in the coastal areas. The Indian Navy's rapid movement pushed the Navy to take [[active measures]] and responded by deploying a large formation of submarines to gather intelligence on the movement of Indian naval vessels, their activities and presence. However the Navy did not undertake any military engagement with the Indian Navy. In the post Indo-Pakistani war of 1999, the Navy became involved in a military engagement with the [[Indian Air Force]] when the local Pakistan media reported that the Navy had suffered serious casualty in non-combat missions in terms of losing aircraft and personnel, roughly occurred just two weeks since the end of Indo-Pakistani War of 1999 in [[Northern Pakistan]]. On 10 August 1999, the [[Indian Air Force]]'s two [[Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21|MiG 21FL]] fired and shot down the reconnaissance navy plane, the ''[[Breguet Atlantic|Atlantic]]'', with sixteen personnel, including four naval fighter pilots on board. All hands and the aircraft were lost when it was shot down in the border area of the [[Rann of Kutch]] region by Indian Air Force, with both countries claiming the aircraft to be in their respective airspace.

[[File:Pakistan Navy Orion Asuspine.jpg|thumb|A Pakistan Navy [[Lockheed P-3C Orion|P3C Orion]] getting airborne in 2010.<!-- Angle of exhaust trail as well as flaps and pitch angle of props suggest that it is taking off. -->]]

The international observers noted that the wreckage fell well within Pakistan's territory, giving credence to the Pakistan's claim. But the investigation conducted by the [[Naval Intelligence of Pakistan|Naval Intelligence]] revealed that the crash site was spread over 2&nbsp;km on both sides of the border and the majority of the wreckage was on the Indian side. The [[Government of India|Indian government]] released the bodies of all the 16 personnel killed in the crash, asserting their point that the aircraft crashed in India.{{Citation needed|date=March 2012}} The Indian Air Force stated that "the ''Atlantique'' was trying to return to Pakistan's airspace after intruding more than {{convert|10|nmi|km}} and as such was headed towards Pakistan...." This incident resulted in escalated tensions between the two [[India-Pakistan relations|neighbouring countries]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.independent.co.uk/news/16-dead-as-india-shoots-down-pakistani-naval-plane-1112052.html|title=16 dead as India shoots down Pakistani naval plane|work=The Independent|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref>

In October 1999, another mishap claimed the loss of Navy's P3C Orion ([[anti-submarine warfare]]) aircraft crashed while on routine exercise towards the coastal town of Pasni in [[Baluchistan Province]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/493254.stm | work=BBC News | title=Pakistan naval aircraft crashes | date=29 October 1999}}</ref> In this non-combat mission, the casualties stood with twenty one personnel, including two navy fighter pilots, eleven sailors and ten senior officers died in the incident. The cause of the incident was stated as a technical failure. The P3C Orion was originally developed for the US by Lockheed Martin.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lockheedmartin.com/products/p3/index.html|title=404 · Lockheed Martin|publisher=|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref>

===Naval Strategic Force Command===
In August 2012, the Pakistan Navy inaugurated the Naval Strategic Force Command headquarters, described by the military as the custodian of the country's nuclear second strike capability.<ref>{{cite web|url=  http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-05-20/pakistan/31788040_1_pakistan-navy-inaugurates-nuclear-arsenal|title= Pak's navy inaugurates new Strategic Force headquarters|date=9 August 2012}}</ref>

===Multi-national operations===
Between 11–21 May 2008, Pakistani warships [[HMS Alacrity (F174)|PNS ''Badr'' (D-182)]], [[HMS Alacrity (F174)|PNS ''Shahjahan'' (D 186)]], and PNS ''Nasr'' (A-47), as well as the Pakistan Air Force Explosive Ordnance Disposal team, participated in Exercise Inspired Union, an multi-national exercises in the [[North Arabian Sea]] that also included the American destroyers {{USS|Curts|FFG-38|2}} and {{USS|Ross|DDG 71|2}}.<ref>{{cite web | author= Lt. (j.g.) Bryan Boggs, USN | title= USS ''Curts'', Pakistani Navy Participate in Officer Exchange Program | url= http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=37552 | work= NNS080602-12 | publisher= ''Abraham Lincoln'' Carrier Strike Group Public Affairs | date= 6 June 2008 | accessdate=2010-12-27}}</ref>

===Tsunami relief activities===
The Navy has been involved in some peacetime operations, most notably during the [[tsunami]] tragedy that struck on 26 December 2004. Pakistan sent her combatant vessels to [[Sri Lanka]], [[Bangladesh]], and the [[Maldives]] to help in rescue and relief work.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dawn.com/2005/01/02/top5.htm|title=2 Pakistan Navy ships, C-130s to join rescue work|publisher=|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref>

Pakistan Navy dispatched its two combatant vessels, [[PNS Tariq (1973)|PNS Tariq]], a destroyer, PNS ''Nasr'', a Logistic support ship, were deployed in the region. Under the tactical direction of former Chief of Naval Staff Admiral (retired) Shahid Karimullah, Pakistan Navy ships immediately rendered their assistance to Government of Maldives for evacuation of stranded tourists/locals from islands. Pakistan Navy continued this humanitarian assistance through rendering diplomatic and material support by sending two more ships with sizeable relief efforts to Indonesia and Sri Lanka.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jang.com.pk/thenews/spedition/defence_day_supp_05/p11.html|title=Jang Group Online Defence Day Supplement|publisher=|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref> Pakistan Navy later assigned another relief mission to Sri Lanka dispatching two more combatant vessels. PNS ''Khaiber'' and PNS ''Moawin'' were dispatched to assist Sri Lanka.<ref>[http://www.paktribune.com/news/print.php?id=91172 PN ships to arrive in Indonesia for relief operation in tsunami-hit areas]</ref> These vessels had three helicopters, a [[Pakistan Marines|140th Marine Expeditionary Force]], military and civilian doctors, and paramedics. Besides, relief goods – medicines, medical equipment, food supplies, tents, blankets- are being sent in huge quantities.<ref>[http://pakistantimes.net/2005/01/04/top.htm Quake-Tsunami Devastation: Pakistan Joins Global Task Force for Aid ]</ref> The diameter of relief operations were expanded to Bangladesh. And, Pakistan Naval vessels, carrying other Pakistan Armed Forces units, landed in Bangladesh for the first time since December 1971. The Navy, Army, and the Air Force had carried out the relief operations in the Bangladesh, where the Pakistani forces also anticipated reconstruction of civil infrastructure in the country.<ref>[http://www.ispr.gov.pk/front/main.asp?o=t-article&id=3 The role of Pakistan Armed Forces in Bangladesh]</ref>

===Operation Madad===
{{Main|Operation Madad (Pakistan Navy)|2010 Pakistan floods}}

As [[Pakistan Army|Army]] and [[Pakistan Air Force]] (PAF) gained momentum on militancy, the Navy took the whole responsibility of conducting the largest search and rescue operations in the [[2010 Pakistan floods|2010 floods]]. The Navy rescued and evacuated more than 352,291 people after launching the ''Operation Madad'' (English: "Help") throughout Pakistan in August 2010.<ref>[http://www.pakistannews.com.pk/national/pakistan-flood-disaster/pak-navy-launches-operation-madad-sindh.html Pak Navy launches operation ‘Madad’ in Sindh]</ref> Since then, the Navy had provided 43,850&nbsp;kg of food and relief goods to flood victims; 5,700&nbsp;kg of ready-to-cook food, 1,000&nbsp;kg of dates and 5,000&nbsp;kg of food has been dispatched to Sukkur. The [[Pakistan Naval Air Arm]] had air dropped more than 500&nbsp;kg of food and relief good in Thal, Ghospur and Mirpur areas.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/TodaysPrintDetail.aspx?ID=256553&Cat=4&dt=8/16/2010|title=Pakistan Navy continues relief operations|date=16 August 2010|work=The News International, Pakistan|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref> {{As of|2011|01}}, under the program ''PN Model Village'', the Navy is building the model houses in the affected areas. More than 87 houses were built and had been distributed to the local [[internally displaced person]] (IDPs). About 69,011 people have been treated in PN medical camps.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.onepakistan.com/news/local/karachi/81137-pn-model-village-handed-over-to-idps.html|title=Karachi News|publisher=|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref>

===War in North-West===
{{Main|PNS Mehran Operation}}
The Navy has been active as early as 2006–07 to track down the terrorist elements and al-Qaeda operatives around the country as part of the campaign against the terrorism. To limit the pressure on army and air force, the Navy executed far more difficult operations in Northern Pakistan, and its combatant assets fought Taliban insurgency in Western border with the ground forces. On 22 May 2011, the Navy's first engagement with [[Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan|Pakistani Taliban]] took place in ''PNS Mehran'', the headquarters of the Navy's [[Pakistan Naval Air Arm|Naval Air Arm]] and the most populous Pakistani military installation, located near the PAF's [[PAF Base Faisal|Faisal Air Force Base]] of Karachi, Sindh. In the course of the event, around 15 attackers killed 18 naval personnel and wounded 16 in a sophisticated terrorist attack. According to the United States and Western intelligence sources, the attack was far more dangerous than the [[Operation Janbaz|2009 Pakistan Army General Headquarters attack]], and was better planned and more rehearsed than the previous attacks. It was the biggest attack on the Navy and its assets since 1971, and is believed to be the last major attack of militant mastermind Ilyas Kashmiri before being killed in the drone strike. The [[Special Service Group Navy]] (SSG(N)), carried out the counter-attack, which was the largest operation led by SSG(N) since [[Operation Jackpot]] of 1971.

==Personnel==
[[File:Pakisan First.jpg|thumb|Pakistan Navy Officers on Guard By the Standard of the Navy and the Naval Jack]]
[[File:080225-N-9167V-007.jpg|thumb|Then, Commodore, Khan Hasham Bin Saddique of Pakistan Navy, left, hands a spyglass to French navy Rear Adm. Jean L. Kerignard during a change of command ceremony aboard PNS Tippu Sultan (D 186) while in port at Mina Salman Pier, Bahrain, 25 February 2008.]]

{{As of|2008}}, the Pakistan Navy has approximately 25,000 active duty personnel.<ref name="IISS2010">''The Military Balance 2010'', p. 367, [[International Institute for Strategic Studies]] (London, 2010).</ref> With additional 1,200 [[Pakistan Marines|Marines]] and more than 2,500 [[Pakistan Coast Guard|Coast Guard]]; 2,000 active-duty Navy personnel in the Maritime Security Agency. In addition there were 5,000 reserves, total combing forces exceeding 35,700 personnel.<ref name="IISS2010"/>
In 2007, Navy gave commissioned to the first Baloch naval squadron, consisting of around 53 women officers and 72 Baloch sailors.<ref name="Dawn News, 19th March 2012">{{cite news|last=Dr. Mustaghis-ur-Rahman|title=Gender inequality in {{sic|nolink=y|coporates|expected=corporates}}|url=http://dawn.com/2012/03/19/gender-inequality-in-coporates/|accessdate=11 April 2012|newspaper=Dawn News, 19 March 2012|date=19 March 2012}}</ref> In 2012, the Navy pushed its personnel strength to Baluchistan after sending a large formation of Baloch university students to Navy Engineering Colleges and War College as well as staff schools to complete their officer training requirements.<ref name="Dawn News, 10th March 2012">{{cite news|last=Our Reporter|title=Pakistan Navy offers jobs to Balochistan youths|url=http://dawn.com/2012/03/10/pakistan-navy-offers-jobs-to-balochistan-youths/|accessdate=11 April 2012|newspaper=Dawn News, 10 March 2012|date=10 March 2012}}</ref> The Navy established three additional facilities in Balochistan to supervise the training to its personnel.<ref name="Dawn News, 10th March 2012"/>

===Major Naval Appointments===
*[[Admiral]] [[Muhammad Zakaullah]], [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|NI(M)]] — [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff (CNS)]]
*[[Vice Admiral]] Khan Hasham bin Siddique — Vice Chief of Naval Staff (VCNS)
*Vice Admiral Zafar Mahmood Abbasi HI (M) — Deputy Chief of Naval Staff, Operations (DCNS O)
*Rear Admiral Muhammad Fayyaz Gilani SI(M) — Deputy Chief of Naval Staff, Personnel (DCNS P)
*Rear Admiral Athar Mukhtar, SI(M) — Deputy Chief of Naval Staff, Administration (DCNS A)
*Rear Admiral Nasir Mahmood, SI(M) — Deputy Chief of Naval Staff, Material (DCNS M)
*Rear Admiral Kaleem Shaukat, SI(M)— Deputy Chief of Naval Staff,  Projects (DCNS Proj)
*Rear Admiral Moazzam Ilyas, SI(M) — Deputy Chief of Naval Staff, Training & Evaluation  (DCNS T & E)
*Rear Admiral Asif Khaliq, SI(M) — Director General Naval Intelligence
*Rear Admiral Raja Qamar Nawaz SI(M) — Deputy Chief of Naval Staff, Supply (DCNS S)
*Commodore Faisal Rasool Lohdi  SI(M)— Naval Secretary (NS)
*Commodore Zafar Mansoor Tipu, SI(M) - Judge Advocate General (JAG)

===Commands===

*Vice Admiral Syed Arifullah Hussaini, HI(M), TBt, — Commander Pakistan Fleet (COMPAK), Karachi
*Vice Admiral Shah Sohail Masood, HI(M) — Commander, [[Naval Strategic Forces Command (Pakistan)|Naval Strategic Forces Command]], Islamabad
*Rear Admiral Farrokh Ahmed, HI(M),  — Commander Karachi (COMKAR), Karachi
*Rear Admiral Syed Imdad Imam Jafri, SI(M)  — Commander Logistics (COMLOG), Karachi
*Rear Admiral Waseem Akram, HI(M)— Commander Coastal Areas (COMCOAST), Karachi
*Rear Admiral Abdul Aleem, SI(M) — Flag Officer Sea Training (FOST), Karachi
*Rear Admiral Muhammad Amjad, SI(M), SBt — Commander Central Punjab (COMCEP), Lahore and Commandant, [[Pakistan Navy War College]] (Comdt PNWC), [[Lahore]]
*Rear Admiral Adnan Nazir, HI(M) — Commandant National Security Sec NDU, Islamabad
*Commodore Nassar Ikram, SI(M) — Commandant Pakistan Navy Engineering College (PNEC), Karachi 
*Commodore Khalid Pervez, SI(M) — Commander Noth (COMNOR), Islamabad

===External billets===

*Rear Admiral — DGMP, Ministry of Defence Production
*Rear Admiral Imtiaz Ahmad, SI(M) — DG MTC
*Rear Admiral Syed Hasan Nasir Shah, SI(M) — Managing Director, [[Karachi Shipyard|Karachi Shipyard and Engineering Works]] (MD KSEW), Karachi
*Rear Admiral Mukhtar Khan Jadoon, SI(M) — Additional Secretary-III (Navy) at [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD), [[Rawalpindi]]
*Rear Admiral Jamil Akhtar, SI(M) — DG Pakistan [[Maritime Security Agency]] (DG PMSA), Karachi
*Rear Admiral  Habib-Ur-Rehman Quresh,SI(M)-General Manager (Engineering), Karachi Port Trust (KPT)
*Commodore Zahid Ilyas SI(M) - Commander Combined Task Force 150, Bahrain
*Rear Admiral Naveed Rizvi, SI(M) - DG Media, ISI
*Rear Admiral Ahmed Saeed, SI(M) — DG Training and Joint Warfare (DG Trg) at Joint Staff HQ (JSHQ), [[Chaklala]]

==List of past Chiefs of Naval Staff==
{{Main|Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)}}
[[File:FM-90 SAM.JPG|[[HQ-7#HQ-7A (FM-90)|FM-90]] [[surface-to-air missile]] system.|thumb|FM-90 on board PNS Zulfiqar]]
[[File:Alouette IIICS5.jpg|thumb|[[Pakistan Naval Air Arm]] [[Alouette III]] on board [[PNS Tippu Sultan (1975)|PNS Tippu Sultan]] at [[HMNB Portsmouth|Portsmouth]] in 2005]]
[[File:C-802 anti ship missile.JPG|thumb||Two 4-cell [[C-802]] [[anti-ship missile]] launchers on board PNS Zulfiqar]]

The Chief of Naval Staff (CNS), a four-star Admiral, is a most senior and high-ranking member officer of the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] as well as the [[National Security Council of Pakistan|National Security Council]] (NSC) and the [[Pakistan National Command Authority|Nuclear Command Authority]], and is responsible for the sea defence of the country.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}

#Rear Admiral [[James Wilfred Jefford]] (15 August 1947 – 30 January 1953)<ref name="PIC Book">Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema. ''The Armed Forces of Pakistan'', New York: New York University Press. 2003. pp. 86~90</ref>
#Vice Admiral [[HMS Choudri|Haji Mohammad Siddiq Choudri]] (31 January 1953 – 28 February 1959)<ref name="PIC Book"/>
#Vice Admiral [[Afzal Rahman Khan]] (1 March 1959 – 20 October 1966)<ref name="PIC Book"/>
#Vice Admiral [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan]] (20 October 1966 – 31 August 1969)<ref name="PIC Book"/>
#Vice Admiral [[Muzaffar Hassan]] (1 September 1969 – 22 December 1971)<ref name="PIC Book"/>
#Vice Admiral [[Hasan Hafeez Ahmed]] (3 March 1972 – 9 March 1975)<ref name="PIC Book"/>
#Admiral [[Mohammad Shariff]] (23 March 1975 – 21 March 1979)<ref name="PIC Book"/>
#Admiral [[Karamat Rahman Niazi]] (22 March 1979 – 23 March 1983)<ref name="PIC Book"/>
#Admiral [[Tariq Kamal Khan]] (23 March 1983 – 9 April 1986)<ref name="PIC Book"/>
#Admiral [[Iftikhar Ahmed Sirohey]] (9 April 1986 – 9 November 1988)<ref name="PIC Book"/>
#Admiral [[Yastur-ul-Haq Malik]] (10 November 1988 – 8 November 1991)<ref name="PIC Book"/>
#Admiral [[Saeed Mohammad Khan]] (9 November 1991 – 9 November 1994)<ref name="PIC Book"/>
#Admiral [[Mansurul Haq]] (10 November 1994 – 1 May 1997)<ref name="PIC Book"/>
#Admiral [[Fasih Bokhari]] (2 May 1997 – 2 October 1999)
#Admiral [[Abdul Aziz Mirza]] (2 October 1999 – 2 October 2002)<ref name="PIC Book"/>
#Admiral [[Shahid Karimullah]] (3 October 2002 – 6 October 2005)
#Admiral [[Afzal Tahir]] (7 October 2005 – 7 October 2008)
#Admiral [[Noman Bashir]] (7 October 2008 – 7 October 2011)
#Admiral [[Muhammad Asif Sandila]] (7 October 2011 – 7 October 2014)
#Admiral[[Muhammad Zakaullah]] (7 October 2014 – )

==Command structure==
According to the [[Constitution of Pakistan|Constitution]], the [[President of Pakistan]] is the civilian commander-in-chief of [[Pakistan Armed Forces]] while the [[Prime Minister of Pakistan]] served as the chief executive of Pakistan Armed Forces, both the people-elected civilians, the President and Prime minister, maintains a [[civilian control of the military]]. The [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff]] (CNS), a four-star admiral, is the highest admiral (unless the four-star admiral is the [[Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee|Chairman]] of the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]]), a field, operational and staff commander as well as the highest admiral in the Navy, directs the non-combat and combatant operations from naval combatant headquarters (NHQ) in Islamabad, near army combatant headquarters (GHQ). The Chief of Naval Staff has seven Deputy Chiefs of Naval Staff, ranging from Rear Admirals to Vice-Admirals; the Chief of Staff (COS) under whom the Naval Operations and Intelligence Directorates functions; the [[Naval Secretary]] (NS); the [[Quarter master general|Quarter-Master General]] (QMG); the [[Hydrographer of the Navy|Hydrographer of the Navy (HPN)]]; the Engineer-in-Chief; the [[Flag Officer Sea Training]] (FOST); the Director-General of Training and Joint Warfare (DG Trig); the Directorate-General for Naval Technologies Complex (NTC); and the Chief of Naval Logistics (CNL). The responsibilities of Deputy Chief of Naval Staff are listed below:{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}

*Deputy Chief of Naval Staff of Naval Operations (DCNS Operations)
*Deputy Chief of Naval Staff of Training and Evaluation (DCNS Training and Evaluation)
*Deputy Chief of Naval Staff of Training and Personnel (DCNS Training and Personnel)
*Deputy Chief of Naval Staff of Materials (DCNS Materials)
*Deputy Chief of Naval Staff of Naval Supplies (DCNS Supply)
*Deputy Chief of Naval Staff of Projects (DCNS Projects)
*Deputy Chief of Naval Staff of [[Naval Strategic Forces Command (Pakistan)|Naval Strategic Forces Command]]
*Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Administration)

The Pakistan Navy has six major combatant commands, each command is commanded by a three-star rank [[Vice Admiral]] who directly reports to Chief of Naval Staff, a four-star Admiral. Pakistan Naval Combatant Headquarters, The NHQ, is located in Islamabad, at the neighbourhood of the GHQ of Pakistan Army. The NHQ function also includes the [[Judge Advocate General Branch|Judge Advocate General Corps of Navy]], and the Comptroller of Civilian Personnel, the [[Hydrographer of the Navy|Hydrographer of the Navy (HPN)]] of the [[Pakistan Navy Hydrographic Department|Hydrographic Corps]]; the Engineer-in-Chief of Naval Engineering Corps (NEC):

*'''Commander Karachi (COMKAR)''' – The Commander Karachi is responsible for the command of the shore establishment, naval facilities within Karachi. The COMKAR also provide services and training facilities for the Navy. The COMKAR also looks after the military protocol at Karachi. This command's responsibilities also include harbour defence.
**'''Commander of Pakistan Naval Fleet (COMPAK)''' – The command heads the surface, sub surface and aviation commands. In fact, this command is the war fighting machine having 4 dimensional components. It headquartered in Karachi, Sindh. Previously, it included the 25th and 18th Destroyer Squadron (with Gearing class D16O, D164-168).
**''' Commander COAST (COMCOAST)''' –  The special command of SSG(N), Marines and Coastal stations.
**'''Commander Logistics (COMLOG)''' –  This command looks after the repair, maintenance and logistic infrastructure of PN.
**'''Flag Officer Sea Training (FOST)''' Conducts all types of operational training at Sea
**'''Commander North (COMNOR)''' – Looks after the Naval installations in the north of Pakistan. The COMNOR commands the naval facilities in North-west Pakistan, Azad Kashmir, and Northern Areas of Pakistan. The COMNOR is also a major part of Pakistan's Northern Naval Command.
**'''Commander WEST (COMWEST )''' – Looks after the Naval installations in the west of Pakistan. The naval bases are [[Ormara]], [[Pasni City|Pasni]], [[Gwadar]] and [[Jiwani]]. The COMWEST is a major component of the Western Naval Command of Pakistan Navy.
**'''Commander Naval Air Arm (COMNAV)''' – Looks after the Naval air stations, and is the commander of the Naval Aviation.

===Commissioned officers rank===
{{Main|Naval ranks and insignia of Pakistan}}
{| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"  style="margin:auto; width:100%;"
|-
!colspan=12| '''Structure of the Commissioned officer rank of the Pakistan Navy'''
|-
{| style="border:1px solid #001a57; background:#fff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin:0 12px 12px 0;"
|- style="background:#ccc;"
!'''Pay grade''' || ||O-10||O-9||O-8||O-7||O-6||O-5||O-4||O-3||O-2||O-1 || ||||Rank Hierarchy||[[Four-star rank|4-star General]]||[[Three-star rank|3-star General]]||[[Two-star rank|2-star General]]||[[One-star rank|1-star Officer]]
|- align=center
||Insignia
||
|| [[File:Admiral Pakistan Navy Insignia.JPG|45px]]<br/>[[File:US-O10 insignia.svg|80px]]
|| [[File:Insignia Vice Admiral Pakistan Navy.gif|45px]]<br>[[File:US-O9 insignia.svg|60px]]
|| [[File:Insignia RealAdmiral Pakistan Navy.gif|45px]]<br>[[File:US-O8 insignia.svg|40px]]
|| [[File:Commodore Pakistan Navy Insignia.JPG|45px]]<br/>[[File:US-O7 insignia.svg|20px]]

|| [[File:Captain Pakistan Navy Insignia.JPG|45px]]<br/>
|| [[File:Commander Pakistan Navy Insignia.JPG|45px]]<br/>
|| [[File:Lieutenant Commander Pakistan Navy Insignia.JPG|45px]]<br>
|| [[File:Lieutenant Pakistan Navy Insignia.JPG|45px]]<br/>
|| [[File:Sub Lieutenant Pakistan Navy Insignia.JPG|45px]]<br/>
|| [[File:Midshipman Pakistan Navy Insignia.JPG|45px]]

|- align=center
||Title
||
|| [[Admiral]]
|| [[Vice admiral|Vice-Admiral]]
|| [[Rear admiral|Rear-Admiral]]
|| [[Commodore (rank)|Commodore]]
|| [[Captain (Naval)|Captain]]
|| [[Commander]]
|| [[Lieutenant commander|Lieutenant-Commander]]
|| [[Lieutenant (naval)|Lieutenant]]
|| [[Sub Lieutenant|Sub-Lieutenant]]
|| [[Midshipman]]
|- align=center
|| NATO Code|| ||OF-10||OF-9||OF-8||OF-7||OF-6||OF-5||OF-4||OF-3||OF-2||OF-1
|- align=center
||Rank Hierarchy || ||[[Four-star rank|4-star Admiral]]||[[Three-star rank|3-star Admiral]]||[[Two-star rank|2-star Admiral]]||[[One-star rank|1-star Officer]]
|- align=center
|colspan=5|
|}
|}
{| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"  style="margin:auto; width:100%;"
|-
!colspan=12| '''Structure of the Enlisted rank of the Pakistan Navy'''
|-
{| style="border:1px solid #001a57; background:#fff; padding:5px; font-size:95%; margin:0 12px 12px 0;"
|- style="background:#ccc;"
!'''Pay grade''' || ||OR-9||OR-8||OR-7||OR-6||OR-5||OR-4||OR-3||OR-2||OR-1||OR-1
|- align=center
||Insignia
||
||
||
||
||
||
||
||
||
|- align=center
||Title
||
||[[Master Chief Petty Officer]]
||[[Fleet Chief Petty Officer]]
||[[Chief Petty Officer]]
||[[Petty Officer]]
||No equivalent
||[[Leading Rate]]
||No equivalent
||[[Able Seaman|Able Seaman Tech-I]]
||[[Ordinary seaman (rating)|Ordinary Rate Tech-II]]
||No equivalent
|- align=center
||Abbreviation||||MCPO||FCPO||CPO||PO||NE||LH||NE||ABT-I||ODT-II||NE
|- align=center
||NATO Code|| ||OR-9||OR-8||OR-7||OR-6||OR-5||OR-4||OR-3||OR-2||OR-1||OR-1||
|- align=center
|colspan=5|
|}
|}

The Pakistan Navy maintains large educational organisations, accredited institutions and scientific organisations to support the combatant and non-combatant missions, operations and shores activities on land. Its academic and accredited four-year university, the [[Pakistan Naval Academy]], is the home of naval cadets for the future officers of Pakistan Navy, and offers academic degrees programmes at its academy. The Pakistan Naval Academy also has provided education, athletic programs and military training programmes to the officers of allied navies, among notables including the Chief of Staff of the [[Qatar Armed Forces|Qatar Royal Navy]] (QRN) and many high-ranking officers of [[Royal Saudi Navy]] (RSN) as well as other navies in the Gulf were graduates of the Pakistan Naval Academy. The academy is a full-fledged academic and scientific institution catering to the needs to Pakistan junior naval officers.

The Pakistan Navy also managed, administers, and managed the various academic research universities in the country, including the [[Pakistan Navy School|Naval Educational Establishment]] (NEE). The [[Pakistan Naval War College|Naval War College]] is a post-graduate and post-doctorate college that specialises in the techniques and developing ideas for naval warfare and passing them along to officers of the Navy.<ref>[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/pnwc/main.htm New Page 2]  {{wayback|url=http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/pnwc/main.htm |date=20120603221244 |df=y }}</ref> Other college includes the [[Pakistan Navy School of Logistics and Management|College of Logistics and Management]] (conducts research in military logistics); and [[Strategic Institute for Maritime Affairs|Strategic Institute for Naval Affairs]] which conducts research on specialising in imparting [[Naval Warfare]] techniques to officers of the Pakistan naval forces.

The senior training institution for all service branches is the [[National Defence University, Pakistan|National Defence University]] (NDU) at the Islamabad. Originally established in 1971 at Rawalpindi, the university is mandate to provide training in higher military strategy for senior officers, the institution was relocated to Islamabad in 1995. It also offers courses that allow civilians to explore the broader aspects of national security, defence policy and war studies. In a program begun in the 1980s to upgrade the intellectual standards of the army, air force, marines and naval officers and increase awareness of the wider world, a large group of officers, has been detailed to academic training, achieving master's degrees and even doctorates at universities in Pakistan and abroad.

===Science and technology===
Apart from executing military operations, the Navy also maintains its own science and technology organisations and commands to promote scientific activities, knowledge, and engineering facilities in the navy. The Navy operates the [[Pakistan Navy Hydrographic Department|Naval Directorate for Hydrography]], served as the operational scientific naval oceanographic program for the Navy. The Navy also administer and operates the astronomical observatory known as [[Pakistan Naval Observatory]], with primary mission to produce Positioning, Navigation, and Timing (PNT) for the Navy and the [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD), though the Navy has also played a vital role in nation's civilian space authority, the [[Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission|Space Research Commission]] in conducting studies on [[Astrophysics]], [[Astronomy]] and Mathematics. The [[Naval Strategic Forces Command (Pakistan)|Naval Strategic Forces Command]] served as the primary scientific and military organisation for the Navy, the command is charged with battling with naval-based nuclear weapons and controlling the operations of nuclear submarines.

[[File:PNEC.jpg|left|thumb|A campus of [[Pakistan Navy Engineering College|Navy Engineering College]] (PNEC) in Karachi.]]

The other educational facilities training institutions are included the PNS ''Bahadur'', that conducts weapon system specialist courses; the PNS ''Himalaya'', for providing the combat surface training courses for the [[Non-commissioned officer|NCO]], [[Junior commissioned officer|JCO]], and recruited sailors while the Higher Educational Training (HET) is a way to be commissioned officer from sailors.

The PNS ''Karsaz'' is the largest and most organised technical and naval combat training establishment of the Navy. The ''Karsaz'' has the privilege to host many heads of states since its commissioning. ''Karsaz'' served as a mother unit who gave birth to [[Pakistan Naval Station Mehran|Naval Air Station Mehran]], the [[Pakistan Navy Engineering College|Navy Engineering College]], PNS ''Bahadur'', and other Navy units and naval bases in that area. The unit celebrated its golden jubilee in 2003 under the command of [[Commodore (rank)|Commodore]] M. Bashir. Chaudhry. The PNS ''Karsaz'' also houses one of the most modern Special Children School which was built at the cost of [[Pakistan Rupee|Rs. 88.00 Millions]] during 2003–05. Cdre M. Bashir Chaudhry who was the commandant ''Karsaz'' during this period was the force behind this project who collected the funds through philanthropists, got the school designed through NESPAK and finally constructed & put it into operation. The Rangoon Vala Trust (RVT) contributed the most in the funding of this school and other Navy sponsored programmes.

The Navy Engineering College is one of the most recognised institute of the Navy and offers under-graduate, post-graduate, and doctoral programmes in engineering, science and technology desciplines. The Navy Engineering College is controlled by the Navy but it has been an affiliated with the [[National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan|National University of Sciences and Technology]] and has become its constituent [[Pakistan Navy Engineering College]], where officers and civilian students are offered degrees in Electrical, Mechanical, Electronics and industrial and manufacturing engineering.

==Special Operations Forces==

===Special Services Group (N)===
{{Main|Special Service Group Navy}}
[[File:US Navy 110613-N-OT964-118 Chief Navy Diver Aaron Knight, right, assigned to Commander, Task Group (CTG) 56.1, and Pakistani divers.jpg|thumb|Naval SSG conducting a force-protection and under-water special forces training with their [[United States Navy|USN]] counterpart, the [[United States Navy SEALs|US Navy SEALs.]] ]]

The [[Special Service Group Navy]] (reporting name: '''SSG-[N]''') are the principle and elite [[special operations force]] (SOF), part of the [[Naval Strategic Forces Command (Pakistan)|Naval Strategic Forces Command]]. The unit was established by then-[[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|CNS]] Admiral [[S. M. Ahsan]] under the advice and guidance of [[United States Navy SEALs]], in 1966. The SSG-N's first combat operation took place in 1971 war and its operational diameter has increased since then. The SSG-N courses are extremely tough, one of the toughest courses offered by the Pakistan Military and in the world. The SSG-N are trained together first with the elite special forces of the [[Special Service Group|army]] and the [[Special Service Wing|air force]], then the special airborne, seaborne, and water-diving courses are taught and trained by the instructors to the recruiters of the veteran Navy commandos and elite operatives. The SSG-[N] are often sent to the United States to complete final course with the [[United States Navy SEALs|US Navy SEALs]] in Colorado and California. Due to its interminable nature, the SSG-[N] are a classified and clandestine unit and their history of operations are never made available to the public domain. Although the official strength remains classified, estimated strength is thought to be between 1000 to 1240 in three regiments.

==Relationships with other service of branches==

===Marines===
{{Main|Pakistan Marines}}

The Navy established [[Pakistan Marines]] sometimes on 1 June 1971, by Admiral S.M. Ahsan, but it was decommissioned from its services in 1974 due to its poor production of performance. However, after Navy first re-organized, re-established, and re-visioned itself, the proposals of establishing the Marines roughly equivalent to [[United States Marines Corps]] were kept under consideration.<ref name="Pakistan Naval Inter-Services Public Relations (Naval ISPR)">{{cite web|last=PN|title=Pakistan Marines and the Navy|url=http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/qasim.htm|work=Pakistan Navy.|publisher=Pakistan Naval Inter-Services Public Relations (Naval ISPR)|accessdate=8 April 2012}}</ref> Finally on 14 April 1990, the Pakistan Marines were again re-commissioned in the Navy with about 2,000 men who were drafted<ref>[http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/2007/05/marine_pakistan_delegation_070519/ Pakistani Marines tour East Coast bases – Marine Corps News, news from Iraq – Marine Corps Times]</ref> and plans to expand the force to the size of the Corps approximately 45,000, significantly by 2015. The Marines are under the control of Pakistan Navy, using the same military ranks. The Marines are headquartered at [[Port Qasim|Qasim Marine Base]] in Karachi.<ref name="Pakistan Naval Inter-Services Public Relations (Naval ISPR)"/>

[[File:US Navy 091012-N-8132M-245 Marines assigned to the 22nd Marine Expeditionary Unit (22nd MEU), along with Marines from Kuwait and Pakistan, conduct an amphibious assault demonstration during Exercise Bright Star 2009.jpg|thumb|Pakistan Marines dressed in operational camouflage uniforms with their [[USMC|US counterparts]].]]

The first Officer Commanding of Pakistan Marines was an [[United States Army officer rank insignia|OF-4]] rank officer, Commander M. Obaidullah.<ref name="Pakistan Naval Inter-Services Public Relations (Naval ISPR)"/> On 14 April 1990, a training marine base was given commissioned to provide security cover to Naval assets. The Navy decided to establish the Marines at [[Qasim fort|Kasim Fort]] which was at that time under the operational control of PNS ''Himalaya''. Finally on 25 November 1990, the [[PNS Qasim|PNS Kasim]] was given commissioned and became the marines combatant headquarters, initially compromising the eight naval officers, 67 [[Chief petty officer]] and [[petty officer]], and 43 Marines officers.<ref name="Pakistan Naval Inter-Services Public Relations (Naval ISPR)"/> The Marines specialised in seaborne operations, using the mobility of the Navy, although it is the part of the Navy, not a separate branch. The Marines wears the camouflage uniforms when deployed to an operational environment but otherwise they wear Navy [[dress uniforms]].<ref name="Pakistan Naval Inter-Services Public Relations (Naval ISPR)"/> The size of the Marines were tripled by the Admiral [[Shahid Karimullah]] who pursued the case of an additional battalion and its phase wise development plan. Since its inception, the Marines are deployed in the [[Sir Creek]] region of Indo-Pakistan borders.<ref name="Pakistan Naval Inter-Services Public Relations (Naval ISPR)"/>

===Coast Guard===
{{Main|Pakistan Coast Guard|Maritime Security Agency}}
[[File:Pakistan Navy Ships2.jpeg|left|thumb|Pakistan Navy conducting [[Maritime Interdiction Operations|MIO]] exercise with the [[United States Navy]] and the [[US Marine Corps|US Marines]].]]

The Navy also maintains a paramilitary division which prevents federal navy personnel from acting in a law enforcement capacity. The [[Maritime Security Agency]] (MSA) fulfills the law enforcement role in the naval operations, initially the MSA has capacity to conduct [[search and rescue]] operations in deep waters of Pakistan.<ref name="Maritime Security Agency of Pakistan">{{cite web|last=PN|title=Maritime Security Agency and the Navy|url=http://www.msa.org.pk/his.html|work=Pakistan Navy.|publisher=Maritime Security Agency of Pakistan|accessdate=8 April 2012}}</ref> The MSA was established after adopting the genesis at the [[UN Convention on the Law of the Sea]] in 1982.<ref name="Maritime Security Agency of Pakistan"/> Pakistan ratifies the UN Convention in 1997 but established the MSA on 1 January 1987, for enforcement of national and international laws, policies and conventions at sea.<ref name="Maritime Security Agency of Pakistan"/>
[[File:Parallel steps.jpg|thumb|A unit of Pakistan Navy marching in Karachi.]] The MSA gained its constitutional status in 1994 by the [[Parliament of Pakistan|Parliament]] and is now placed under the command of the Navy, consisting an officer commanding at the [[Two-star rank|two-star]] rank, a [[Rear-Admiral]].

The [[Pakistan Coast Guard]] served as the same purpose as of the Navy but the Coast Guards are the separate branch from the Navy.<ref name="Pakistan Coast Guards, Pakistan Army">{{cite web|last=Pakistan Army|title=Pakistan Coast Guards|url=http://www.pakistanarmy.gov.pk/awpreview/ImageGallery.aspx?GalleryID=46|work=Pakistan Coast Guards, Pakistan Army|publisher=Pakistan Coast Guards, Pakistan Army|accessdate=8 April 2012}}</ref> The Coast Guards performs duty on relief efforts in the coastal areas of Pakistan, riverine rescue operations, and distribution of [[military ration]].<ref name="Pakistan Coast Guards, Pakistan Army"/> The Coast Guards do not performs operations in deep naval vicinity, rather the operations are performed by the MSA.<ref name="Pakistan Coast Guards, Pakistan Army"/> However, the Coast Guards do use the mobility of Pakistan Navy depending on their type of the operations and the Coast Guards are placed under the command of [[Pakistan Army]] and contains active-duty army members, and is commanded by a [[two-star rank|two-star]] rank [[Major-General]].<ref name="Pakistan Coast Guards, Pakistan Army"/>

==Branches==
*Operations
**Above Water Warfare
**Underwater Warfare
**Navigation, Operations & Hydrography
**Communication & Electronic Warfare
*Marine Engineering
**Mechenical/ Propulsion
**Electrical
**Hull/ Shipwright 
*Weapon Engineering
**Radio
**Fire Cobtrol
**ordnance 
*Air Engineering
**Avionics
**Aerospace
*Logistics
*Medical Sdervice
*Special Branch (IT)

==Naval fleet==
{{Main|List of active Pakistan Navy ships}}
[[File:F-22P PNS Zulfiquar.JPG|thumb|PNS Zulfiqar]]
[[File:USS Rodney M. Davis (FFG 60) Full.jpg|thumb|PNS Alamgir]]
[[File:PNS Tippu Sultan former HMS Avenger.jpg|thumb|PNS Tippu Sultan]]
[[File:Larkana (PB 157)-090309-N-4774B-055.jpg|thumb|PNS Larkana Class Missile Boat]]
[[File:PNS-Badr-F184.jpg|thumb|PNS Badr with [[USS Tarawa (LHA-1)]]]]

===Frigates===

The names of commissioned combat and non-combat ships of the Pakistan Navy are prefixed with the capital letters "PNS" ("Pakistan Naval Ships"). The names of ships are selected by the [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|Ministry of Defence]], often to honour important people or places in the history of Pakistan. The offensive surface fleet of the Navy comprises 10 combat ships, including five former [[Royal Navy]] ''Amazon'' class frigates.
PNS Badr has been decommissioned recently.  The Navy intends to decommission the ships from their active service between 2010 and 2020. In 2005, the Pakistan Navy ordered four [[F-22P]] light frigates from China in a deal worth $750 million.<ref name=DefenseNews>[http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=3472967&c=ASI&s=SEA Pakistan Gets New Chinese Frigate] Defence News</ref> The first has been commissioned and the remainder by 2013.<ref name=DefenseNews/> This was the semi-nationalized programme that was built under the supervision of the People's Republic of China. The first frigate was built in [[Karachi Shipyard]] and its first lead ship was delivered on 5 April 2008. The [[F-22P Zulfiquar class frigate|F-22P Zulfiquar-class frigate Programme]] successfully ended when the [[F-22P Zulfiquar class frigate|F-254 PNS ''Aslat'']] was delivered in July 2011. All four frigates have the ability to embark [[Harbin Z-9]] helicopters on deck.<ref name=DefenseNews/> The F-22P is an improved version of the Type 053H3 Jiangwei II class light frigate, and has a displacement of at least 2500 tons.<ref name=DefenseNews/>

[[File:US Navy 100831-N-8590G-005 Pakistan sailors parade their country's colors during the decommissioning ceremony of USS McInerney (FFG 8) at Naval Station Mayport.jpg|thumb|The frigate PNS ''Alamgir'' (former guided-missile frigate [[USS McInerney (FFG-8)]], being handed over to Pakistan Navy on 31 August 2010 at US Naval Station Mayport, Fla.]]

According to Jane's, the Pakistan Navy was expected to place a formal request to the US for six [[Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate]]s to augment its surface fleet. These were to replace their 40-year-old ex-British Type-21 frigates and act as stop-gaps until new Chinese-built F-22P frigates and corvettes are built and commissioned. However, in 2010 only one, the [[USS McInerney (FFG-8)|USS McInerney]] — a [[guided missile frigate]], was transferred to the Pakistan Navy, after a $65 million refit. In 2013 the United States Congress "deliberately" placed "impossible" conditions on the transfer of further ships to Pakistan.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.defensenews.com/article/20140417/DEFREG03/304170028 |title=US Congress Stymies Pakistani Naval Modernization Efforts |last1=ANSARI |first1=USMAN |date=17 April 2014 |website=www.defensenews.com |publisher=Gannett Government Media |accessdate=17 April 2014}}</ref>

The weapons systems on the Navy's FFG-8 have not yet been disclosed, but they could include the Mk 41 [[Vertical Launch System]] for the [[Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile]] (ESSM) as well as [[Mk 32]] torpedo tubes for [[Mark 46 torpedo|Mk 46]] Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) torpedoes. The frigate [[USS McInerney (FFG-8)]] with limited anti-submarine warfare capability was handed over on 31 August 2010. The ship has been named ''PNS Alamgir'' (FFG-260) after the great Mughal Emperor [[Alamgir I|Alamgir]]. The ship was transferred to Pakistan at Mayport, Florida.

According to Jane's, at the military convention IDEAS 2004, former chief of naval staff Admiral Shahid Karimullah commented that at "least four additional new-built frigates will be acquired by the navy." As of 2011, three of the four frigate are larger and superior to the first Chinese F-22P. The frigates are likely have a better air defence system and anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capability, and use more advanced sensors, radar and electronics. Pakistan Navy is also reported to have been interested in Turkish TF-2000 class frigates.

===Corvettes & missile boats===
The Pakistan Navy operates two Jalalat II class and two Jurrat class missile boats each armed with four Chinese [[C-802]] [[anti-ship missile|anti-ship]] missiles. The Jalalat II Class were locally produced using a German design, and the Jurrat class, which was also locally produced, is considered as an improved version of the Jalalat II class, with better sensors and propulsion.

In November 2006 the Pakistan Navy ordered two MRTP-33 and two MRTP-15 missile boats from Yonca-Onuk shipyards of [[Turkey]].<ref>[http://www.yonca-onuk.com/mrtp_33.htm MRTP-33 missile boats] THE 33&nbsp;METRE Fast Patrol / Attack Craft  {{wayback|url=http://www.yonca-onuk.com/mrtp_33.htm |date=20080416163254 |df=y }}</ref> both have been delivered. The Navy has an overall requirement of eight MRTP-33s.

Pakistan Navy has also ordered two fast attack craft/missile boats, the 500–600 tons Azmat class, equipped with C802/803 anti ship missiles from China in December 2010. The first boat P1013 PNS Azmat was handed over to Pakistan Navy on 23 April 2012 and 2nd (PNS Dahshat) on 16 August 2012. These are the largest class of missile boats inducted in the Pakistan Navy as of 2012. Pakistan Navy is also, negotiating Milgem class corvettes with Turkey.

===Fleet composition===
This is a list of ship classes in the Pakistan Navy:<ref name="Official Website - Frigates">[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/frigate.htm Official Website – Frigates]  {{wayback|url=http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/frigate.htm |date=20120516085915 |df=y }}</ref><ref name="Official Website - Missile Boats">[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/SURFACE%20WARRIORS%20-%20PN.htm Official Website – Missile Boats]  {{wayback|url=http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/SURFACE%20WARRIORS%20-%20PN.htm |date=20120527232149 |df=y }}</ref><ref name="Globalsecurity.org">[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/navy.htm Globalsecurity.org]  {{wayback|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/navy.htm |date=20060928154252 |df=y }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! style="text-align:center; width: 20%;"|Ship
! style="text-align:center; width: 20%;"|Origin
! style="text-align:center; width: 20%;"|Quantity
! style="text-align:center; width: 20%;"|Service entry
! style="text-align:center; width: 40%;"|Notes
|-
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="5" | [[Frigates]]
|-
| '''[[F-22P Zulfiquar-class frigate|F-22P Zulfiqar class]]<br>
| {{PAK}}<br>{{PRC|China}}
|  '''4'''
|  '''2009'''
|PNS Zulfiqar <br> PNS Shamsheer <br> PNS Saif <br> PNS Aslat
|-
| '''[[USS McInerney (FFG-8)|F-260 PNS Alamgir]] 
|  {{USA}}
|  '''1'''
|  '''2010'''
| Acquired August 31, 2010.<ref>[http://www.defence.pk/20110322/pns-alamgir-ohp-class-frigate-reach-pakistan/ PNS Alamgir, OHP Class frigate to reach Pakistan &#91;''dead link''&#93;]</ref>
|-
|'''[[Tariq class frigate|Tariq class]]'''<br>
|  {{UK}}
|  '''5'''
|  '''1990s'''
|[[HMS Amazon|PNS Babur]] <br> [[HMS Active|PNS Shah Jahan]] <br> [[HMS Ambuscade|PNS Tariq]] <br> [[HMS Arrow|PNS Khaibar]] <br> [[HMS Avenger|PNS Tippu Sultan]] (PNS Badr  decommissioned.)
|-
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="5" | [[Mine hunter|Mine Hunter]]
|-
||[[Tripartite class minehunter|Munsif class]]
|  {{FRA}}<br>{{PAK}}
|  '''3'''
| '''1988–1997'''
|[[Munsif class|PNS Munsif (ex French Sagittaire)]] <br> [[Munsif class|PNS Muhafiz]] <br> [[Munsif class|PNS Mujahid]] 
|-
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="5" | [[Missile boat|Fast Attack Craft]]
|-
|Jalalat II class
|  {{PAK}}
|  '''2'''
|  
|Indigenously built
|-
|Jurrat class
|  {{PAK}}
|  '''2'''
|  '''2006'''
|Indigenously built
|-
|[[PNS Azmat|Azmat Class]]
|  {{PRC}}
|  '''2'''
|  '''2013'''
| 2 ships ordered by Pakistan Navy, rumoured to increase to 8 ships.
|-
|Larkana class
|  {{PAK}}
|  '''2'''
| 
| First craft ever designed and built indigenously in Pakistan
|-
|MRTP-33
|  {{TUR}}
|  '''2'''
|  '''2007–2008'''
|Eventual requirement of 8 MRTPs
|-
|MRTP-15
|  {{TUR}}
|  '''2'''
|  '''2006–2008'''
|No further procurement announced
|-
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="5" | [[Auxiliaries|Auxiliary Vessels]]'''
|-
| [[Type 905 replenishment ship|Fuqing class]]
|  {{PRC}}
|  '''1'''
|  '''1987'''
|Deep water fleet oil replenishment tanker
|-
| [[HNLMS Poolster (A835)|Poolster class]]
|  {{NED}}
|  '''1'''
|  '''1994'''
|Deep water fleet logistics and replenishment ship
|-
|[[Oil tanker|Coastal tankers]]
| 
|  '''2'''
|  '''1984–1992'''
|Can only operate in [[Green water]], not suitable for [[Blue water]] operations
|-
|Hydrologic Survey Vessel
| 
|  '''1'''
|  '''1983'''
|Used for coastal survey, collecting marine data
|-
|[[Dredging|Dredging Vessel]]
| 
|  '''1'''
|  '''2008'''
|
|-
|Utility Ships
| 
|  '''2'''
|  '''2011'''
| –
|-
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="5" | [[Training vessel]]
|-
|[[Rah Naward]]
|  {{UK}}
|  '''1'''
|  '''2010'''
|Bought from the [[Royal Navy]] as the Prince Williams
|-
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="5" |[[Hovercraft]]
|-
|Griffon class
|  {{UK}}
|  '''12'''
| '''-'''
|Used by the [[Special Service Group Navy|SSGN]] and the [[Pakistan Marines]]
|-
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="5" | Coastal Patrol Boats
|-
| Gulf craft
|  {{USA}}
|  '''17'''
|  '''2010'''
|12 Gulf craft and, 5 patrol boats delivered by USA on 13 Feb 2010 at Karachi.<ref>[http://www.ameinfo.com/105294.html Gulf Craft boats will guard Pakistan's coast &#124; Gulf Craft Inc &#124; AMEinfo.com]</ref>
|}

===Submarines of the Pakistan Navy===
{{See also|Khalid class submarine|Karachi Shipyard|Karachi Naval Dockyard}}
{{quote|text=The programme of (submarine technology transfer) Agosta class submarine, envisages a very high degree of transfer-of-technology, which is bound to benefit the local industry in improving our indigenous capability of building air-independent propulsion, which is a viable substitute of [[Nuclear marine propulsion|nuclear propulsion]]....|sign=[[Rear Admiral]] Gulzaman Malik, Commander of Submarine Service Force, 1999|source=<ref name="Lieutenant-General F.S. Lodhi, PA,"/>}}
The Submarines Service Force (SSF) is the major command and aggressive command of Pakistan Navy, with primary mission including the commencing of peaceful engagement, surveillance and intelligence management, special operations, precision strikes, battle group operations, and the control of Pakistan's border seas. The Submarine command also takes responsibility to protect country's sea lanes of communication as well as to protect the economical interests, foreign trade and development of the country.<ref name="NIT Pakistan Directorate"/><ref name="Defence Industry Daily">{{cite news|last=Khaliej Times|title=German Submarine Deal With Pakistan Goes Quiet|url=http://www.defenseindustrydaily.com/Report-German-Submarine-Deal-With-Pakistan-on-Hold-05432/|accessdate=8 April 2012|newspaper=Defence Industry Daily|date=19 May 2009}}</ref>

[[File:OuessantBrest2005.jpg|thumb|An [[Agosta class submarine|Agosta 90B Submarine]] in operation.]]

In mid-2006, the Navy announced its requirement of three new fast-attack submarines to replace the two Agosta-70 submarines and rebuild its submarine fleet— after retiring the four Daphne Class.<ref name="NIT Pakistan Directorate">{{cite web|last=NIT|title=Pakistan Submarine Capabilities|url=http://www.nti.org/analysis/articles/pakistan-submarine-capabilities/|work=Nuclear Threat Initiatives|publisher=NIT Pakistan Directorate|accessdate=8 April 2012}}</ref> Immediately, the French defence consortium, the [[Direction des Constructions Navales|DCN]], offered its latest export design— the [[Marlin class submarine]]— which is based on the [[Scorpène class submarine]], but also uses technology from the Barracuda nuclear attack submarine.<ref name="NIT Pakistan Directorate"/> However, the Navy chose the [[Type 214 submarine]], during the "IDEAS 2008 exhibition", the [[Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft|HDW]] director Walter Freitag told the media that: "The commercial contract has been finalized up to 95%. The first submarine would be delivered to the Pakistan Navy in 64 months after signing of the contract while the rest would be completed successively in 12 months".<ref>http://www.paktribune.com/news/index.shtml?208366|Pakistan to buy German subs, ignore French – Paktribune</ref> However, in 2009, it was reported that the Navy had canceled its plans with HDW, the German government adjourn the deal further deliberation leading the Navy to cancel the contract with HDW while the German government seemed not-interested to transfer the submarine technology to Pakistan. However, the German government insisted that "a final decision should be made soon".<ref name="NIT Pakistan Directorate"/> In 2012, an undisclosed navy officials confirmed to [[Pakistani media|media and news channels]] that the plan of acquiring German submarines has been scrapped, dismissed as the Navy is no longer interested in the German submarines. Instead, the Navy has stepped into build the nation's first indigenously built [[nuclear submarine]], which will be built by the Navy's [[Pakistan Navy Engineering College|PNEC]] nuclear engineers, assisted by the civilian [[Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission|PAEC]]'s nuclear engineers and scientists.<ref name="NIT Pakistan Directorate"/>

The '''X-Craft''' submarines are charged with carrying out the mine laying, torpedo attacks, frogman operations and commando landing, roughly for special forces operations. Three submarines of this class are operated by the Navy.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}  In 1985, the [[Italian Navy]] signed an understanding memorandum with the Navy and assisted the Navy to locally built these midget submarines.<ref name="PN XCrafts"/> The Italian defence contractor, the [[Cosmos class submarine|COSMOS]], supervised the first construction of the submarine while other two were built by Pakistan.<ref name="PN XCrafts">{{cite web|last=Pakistan Navy |title=X-Craft Submarines |url=http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/x-crafts.htm |publisher=PN XCrafts |accessdate=9 April 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/20120208105519/http://www.paknavy.gov.pk:80/x-crafts.htm |archivedate=8 February 2012 }}</ref>

All of the Navy's submarines have been equipped with [[Anti-ship missile]] (AShM) which can be fired while submerged. The three submarines, the Khalid class, are equipped and capable of firing [[Exocet|Exocet missiles]], while the older Agosta 70A submarines have been equipped with United States [[Harpoon (missile)|Harpoon missiles]]. The PNS ''Hamza'' submarine has an [[Air-independent propulsion|AIP reactor]], containing the [[Air-independent propulsion#Closed cycle steam turbines|MESMA]] Air Independent Propulsion system, while the PNS ''Khalid'' and PNS ''Saad'' were upgraded with the same MESMA AIP reactor system. The Navy also plans to integrate the [[Boeing Harpoon|Boeing Harpoon Block-II]] missile on to its Agosta-90B submarines; and the Agosta-90Bs are capable of firing [[Black Shark torpedo]], an Italian made naval variant.

Since 2001, the Navy has been seeking to enhance its strategic strike and precision capability by developing naval variants of the Babur land attack cruise missile (LACM).<ref name="NIT Pakistan Directorate"/> The Babur LACM has a range of 700&nbsp;km and is capable of using both conventional and nuclear warheads.<ref name="NIT Pakistan Directorate"/> Future developments of LACM include capability of being launched from submarines, surface combatants and aircraft.<ref name="NIT Pakistan Directorate"/>

Since 1964, the submarines have been active with Pakistan Navy, and five active-duty diesel electric submarines and three midget submarines, MG110, are in [[SSGN]] command.<ref name="PN">Anon. (14 April 2007) [http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/ Pakistan Navy]. ''Pakistan Navy website''.  {{WebCite|url=http://www.webcitation.org/5hPNTIF3w|date =9 June 2009}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"|Submarines
! style="text-align:center; width: 20%;"|Origin
! style="text-align:left; width:6%;"|Quantity
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"|Service entry
! style="text-align:left; width:10%;"|Propulsion
! style="text-align:left; width:34%;"|Comments
|-
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="6" | [[Submarines]]
|-
| '''[[Type 041 submarine|S20 class]]'''<br>
|  {{PRC|China}}
|align=center| '''8'''
| '''-'''
|[[Air-independent propulsion]] (AIP)
|The Pakistan government has approved the purchase of eight S20 Class Submarines at an estimated cost of $5 billion. The deal is yet to be finalised.<ref>[http://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy-defence/article/1776522/beijing-eyes-bigger-arms-exports-experts-say Beijing eyes bigger arms exports after Pakistan deal, experts say]</ref>
|-
| '''[[Agosta 90B class submarine|Agosta 90B class]]'''<br>
[[PNS Khalid (S137)|PNS/M Khalid]]<br>
[[PNS Saad (S138)|PNS/M Saad]]<br>
[[PNS Hamza (S139)|PNS/M Hamza]]
|  {{FRA}}<br>{{PAK}}
|align=center| '''3'''
| '''1999'''
|[[Air-independent propulsion]] (AIP)
| PNS ''Khalid'' since 6 September 1999<br> PNS ''Saad'' delivered 13 December 2003 <br> PNS ''Hamza'' delivered on 26 September 2008
|-
|'''[[Agosta 90B class submarine|Agosta 70 class]]'''<br>[[PNS Hashmat (S135)|PNS/M Hashmat]]<br>[[PNS Hurmat (S136)|PNS/M Hurmat]]
|  {{FRA}}
|align=center| '''2'''
| '''1979s'''
|[[Diesel-electric submarine|Diesel-electric propulsion]] (DEP)
|PNS ''Hashmat'' since 19 February 1979<br>PNS ''Hurmat'' delivered on 18 February 1980
|-
|'''[[Nuclear submarine|Indigenous Nuclear Submarine]]'''
|  {{PAK}} 
|align=center|'''1'''
|'''2017-2020 (Projected)''' 
|[[Nuclear marine propulsion]] (NMP)
|According to the Navy officials, the project is extremely ambitious, and the first submarine will be locally built in Pakistan. The project is estimated to complete in 5 to 8 years, according to Navy.<ref>{{cite news|last=Star Desk|title=Pakistan Navy to build nuclear submarine|url=http://www.arynews.tv/english/newsdetail.asp?nid=54527|accessdate=6 April 2012|newspaper=ARY News|date=10 February 2012<!-- 10:40:34&nbsp;pm-->}} {{dead link|date=October 2015}}</ref>
|-
|'''[[Cosmos class submarine|''Cosmos'' Class]]'''<br><br>X-Craft<br>X-Craft 908B<br>MG 110 Submarine
|  {{PAK}}<br>{{ITA}}
|align=center|'''3'''
|1985
|[[Diesel-electric submarine|Diesel-electric propulsion]] (DEP)
|The ''Cosmos'' class X-Craft submarines are the [[Waves and shallow water|Shallow water]] [[attack submarine]]s (SWAS).{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}} All of the submarines were built by Navy locally.<ref name="PN XCrafts"/>
|}

===Patrol Craft===

Pakistan currently operates a range of patrol vessels procured from Turkey, China and the USA, as well as some domestically built. They are primarily divided among the 10th Patrol Craft Squadron and the Fast Patrol Craft Squadron.<ref name=paknavyfleet>{{cite web|title=PN DIMENSIONS: SURFACE WARRIORS|url=http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/fleet.html#|website=Pakistan Navy Official Website|publisher=Pakistan Navy|accessdate=30 June 2015}}</ref>

On 10 June 2015, a formal agreement was signed between the [[Pakistani government]] and the [[China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation|"China Ship Trading Company"]] for the sale of six unspecified patrol boats. Four will be built in China, and two at the [[Karachi Shipyard|"Karachi Shipyards and Engineering Works"]]. The contract price was not disclosed but a senior Pakistani official said at least USD 130 million had been allocated.<ref name=janespatcraft>{{cite journal|last1=Bokhari|first1=Farhan|title=Pakistan signs deal with China for six patrol craft|journal=IHS Jane's Defence Weekly|date=17 June 2015|volume=52|issue=24|page=17|accessdate=30 June 2015}}</ref>

==Pakistan Naval Air Arm==
{{Main|Pakistan Naval Air Arm}}
[[Image:Pakistan Navy Orion Asuspine.jpg|thumb|A Pakistan Navy P-3C Orion in 2010]]
After realising the naval failure in the 1971 war, the Navy sought to modernise.<ref name="Naval Air Arm, Navy">{{cite web|last=PN|title=Naval Airwar|url=http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/naval_airarm.htm|publisher=Naval Air Arm, Navy|accessdate=8 April 2012}}</ref> The Navy took the research on using the aircraft at sea in 1971, after the war. Its aerial fighting unit is known as Naval Air Arm (also known as [[Pakistan Naval Aviation|Naval Aviation]]) apart from the PAF. The naval fighter pilot course was introduced by the Navy and trained its fighter pilots at the [[PAF Academy|Pakistan Air Force Academy]], furthermore the navy pilots later went to Combat Commander's School for fighter jet training. Since the 1970s, the naval air arm has become a full-fledged and potent service of the Navy. From 1993 to 1994, the Navy stepped in its efforts in sea-airborne operations when PAF donated and inducted five [[Mirage 5|Mirage 5 ROSE]] fighter jets, later transferred the entire squadron to Navy armed with [[Exocet|Exocet missiles]].<ref name="Repro India Ltd.">{{cite book|last=Anjali|first=Gosh|title=India's Foreign Policy The Pakistan Threat|year=2009|publisher=Repro India Ltd.|location=New Delhi|isbn=978-81-317-1025-8|pages=176–180|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y32u4JMroQgC&pg=PA66&lpg=PA66&dq=MIRAGE+5+and+Pakistan+Navy&source=bl&ots=Ic1oORApBI&sig=3prKb5O9VjFQca7uXn_alCal8bg&hl=en&sa=X&ei=J-iBT4HLKuTgiAL06u2KAw&ved=0CCQQ6AEwATgK#v=onepage&q=MIRAGE%205%20and%20Pakistan%20Navy&f=true}}</ref>  Since then, the Mirage 5 are piloted by the navy fighter pilots after passing the course with PAF Academy and certifying a diploma from a weapons system and combat training school.<ref name="Repro India Ltd."/> The Mirage 5 belonged to the PAF as well as operated by the air force, but are piloted by the Navy fighter pilots who are under the command of senior ranking Navy officer.<ref name="Repro India Ltd."/> The Westland lynx helicopters have now been removed from active service and a tender has been issued for their removal.<ref>http://www.historyofpia.com/board/october_12/lynx_oct31.jpg</ref>

Pakistan Naval Air Arm Pakistan Naval Aviation is an important arm of the Pakistan Navy and assists in the surface and submarine flights to guarantee the safety of Pakistan sea borders.

The PN Aviation Force consists of:
*6 [[Westland Sea King|Westland Sea King Mk.45]] – Anti-submarine/ Anti-Surface Warfare helicopters have been based at Karachi.
*8 [[Aérospatiale Alouette III|Aérospatiale SA-319B Alouette III]] – [[Search and rescue|SAR]] transport/anti-ship helicopters<ref>[http://www.hazegray.org/worldnav/asiapac/pakistan.htm World Navies Today: Pakistan]</ref>
*7 [[Lockheed P-3 Orion|Lockheed P-3C Orion]] – Naval surveillance/anti-submarine warfare aircraft/airborne early warning/airborne and bombing missions. Future supply of 7 more under an agreement with Lockheed Martin signed in 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/pakistan/2005/pakistan-050831-irna02.htm|title=Pakistan acquires 8 US-made P-3C Orion aircraft|author=John Pike|publisher=|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref> Two upgraded P-3C Orion delivered on 7 January 2010 while one was delivered in November 2009. Another two advanced P-3C Orion aircraft to be delivered soon .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/south-asia/us-to-provide-pak-two-advanced-p-3c-orion-naval-surveillance-aircrafts_100356210.html|title=US to provide Pak two advanced P-3C Orion naval surveillance {{sic|nolink=Y|aircrafts}}|work=Thaindian News|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref><ref>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZvanwJ6EEQA PN inducts P-3C Orion and phases out Atlantic- PTV news youtube video – retrieved 1 February 2013</ref>
*7 [[Fokker F27|Fokker F27-200 Friendship]] – Naval surveillance aircraft<ref name=globalsecurity>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/navy.htm Pakistan Navy]  {{wayback|url=http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/navy.htm |date=20150803004951 |df=y }}</ref>
*4 [[Hawker 800|Hawker 850]] – Charged with electronic warfare as well transporting [[Very Important Person|VIP]] personalities, individuals, or groups.
*32+ [[Dassault Mirage V]] – Anti-ship attack aircraft flown by Navy fighter pilots which are based at PAF base Masroor in Karachi<ref name=globalsecurity/> (the fighter jets are operated by the [[Pakistan Air Force]] but piloted by the Navy fighter pilots who served under the command of the senior ranking Navy officer) scheduled to be retired and replaced by [[JF-17 Thunder]](Block II) in 2015 but are in active-duty service with the Navy.
*Unmanned Aerial Vehicles include [[NESCOM Burraq]], [[SATUMA Jasoos|Satuma Spy]], [[SATUMA Mukhbar|Satuma Informer]] and the UQAB-II<ref>[http://tribune.com.pk/story/213634/pakistan-navy-inducts-drones-into-its-fleet/ Navy inducts first fleet of reconnaissance drones – The Express Tribune<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> drone.
*12 [[Harbin Z-9]]EC anti-submarine warfare helicopters equipped with a surface-search radar, low frequency dipping sonar, radar warning receiver, Doppler navigation system and armed with torpedoes.

===Pakistan Naval Air Defence===
{{Main|Pakistan Naval Air Arm}}

In 2010, the Navy established another command after launching an air defence system, using the [[infrared homing]] [[man-portable air-defense systems]] (MANPADs) system.{{Citation needed|date=May 2012}}  The new command which is known as Pakistan Naval Air Defence (PNAD) are consisted the members of [[Pakistan Marines]] and Navy's ground officers after the first battalion graduated from the [[Special Service Group|Naval School of Weapon System Engineering]].<ref name="Press Release, PN">{{cite news|title=Pakistan Navy Air Defence System|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-JX_uLra0h8|accessdate=9 April 2012|newspaper=Press Release, PN|date=27 December 2010}}</ref> In 2010, the command air-launched and tested its first naval air defence system from [[Sonmiani (space facility)|Sonmiani Terminal]]— a space center of [[Space and Upper Atmosphere Research Commission|Space Research Commission]] (SRC) in the North Arabian Sea.<ref name="The News International, March 13, 2010">{{cite news|last=Our Correspondents|title=Pakistan Navy tests weapon system|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/TodaysPrintDetail.aspx?ID=228661&Cat=4&dt=3/13/2010|accessdate=9 April 2012|newspaper=The News International, 13 March 2010|date=13 March 2010}}</ref> Along with the members of Pakistan Marines, the PNAD members are deployed in all over the country to support the marine operations of Pakistan Navy.

*[[FN-6|FN16 Or HY-6 shoulder-fired surface-to-air missile]], tested on 25 December 2010 by Naval Marines with a range of 6&nbsp;km and altitude ~ 3.5&nbsp;km)
*[[Mistral (missile)|Mistral shoulder-fired surface-to-air missile]], test fired on 25 December 2010 by Naval marines.

==Operations in War on Terror==
{{Main|Operation Rah-e-Nijat|PNS Mehran Operation|Operation Black Thunderstorm|Operation Umeed-e-Nuh}}
[[File:US Navy 100323-N-0000X-003 Chief of Naval Staff of the Pakistan Navy Adm. Noman Bashir is greeted by Gen. David Petraeus, commander of U.S. Central Command.jpg|thumb|Admiral [[Noman Bashir|Bashir]] meets with the [[United States Army|US Army]] General [[David Petraeus]], top commander of [[International Security Assistance Force|US forces in Afghanistan]], to initiate peace initiatives and counter-terrorism operations against Taliban forces in Afghanistan.]]

Since 1995, the operational scope of Navy has increased, first participating in combat operation, [[Operation United Shield]] with the [[United States Navy]]. Since 2007, the Navy has shifted into focusing the large-scale special operations and strike operations. The Navy plays an active role in the multinational [[United States Naval Forces Central Command|NAVCENT]], [[Combined Task Force 150|CTF-150]], [[Combined Task Force 151|CTF-151]], [[Operation Enduring Freedom]].<ref>{{cite web|last=PN|title=Pakistan Navy and Operation OEF|url=http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/cmcp1.html|publisher=PN Second|accessdate=11 April 2012}}</ref> The command of the force was give to Pakistan from 24 March 2006, until 25 February 2008. Under Pakistan's leadership, CTF 150 coordinated patrols throughout their area of operations to help commercial shipping and fishing operate safely and freely in the region. Additionally, CTF 150 Coalition ships made 11 successful at-sea rescues and made the largest drug bust in the CTF 150 AOO since 2005.<ref>[http://www.cusnc.navy.mil/articles/2008/019.html Pakistan Navy Hands Command of CTF 150 to France]  {{wayback|url=http://www.cusnc.navy.mil/articles/2008/019.html |date=20081003183518 |df=y }}</ref> Pakistan has contributed 13 different ships to CTF 150 and the current one being [[PNS Tariq]].<ref>[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/cmcp1.html Pakistan Navy Participation In Coalition Maritime Campaign Plan]  {{wayback|url=http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/cmcp1.html |date=20070726120430 |df=y }}</ref> Development continues on new warships, weapons, weapons technology, and as well as building the [[nuclear submarine]] for its current operational capabilities.<ref>{{cite news|last=Star Desk|title=Pakistan Navy to build nuclear submarine|url=http://www.arynews.tv/english/newsdetail.asp?nid=54527|accessdate=6 April 2012|newspaper=ARY News|date=10 February 2012<!-- 10:40:34&nbsp;pm-->}} {{dead link|date=October 2015}}</ref>

Since 2007, the Navy actively participated in Operation Black Thunderstorm, Operation Rah-e-Nijat, Operation Mehran, [[Operation Madad (Pakistan Navy)|Operation Maddad]], and is a major participant in [[War on Terror]] and the [[War in North-West Pakistan|War in tribal areas]] of Pakistan. Due to its operational capabilities and ability to project force far from coastal areas of Pakistan, for instance the [[Northern Pakistan]] and abroad, the Navy remains potent asset for the [[Commander-in-Chief]] (the [[President of Pakistan]]) as well as the chief executive of the country (the [[Prime minister of Pakistan]]).

[[File:Pakistan Navy Special Service Group member silhouetted aboard Pakistan Navy Ship PNS Babur.jpg|thumb|left|An elite member of Navy's [[Special Service Group Navy]] (SSGN) is silhouetted by the setting sun abroad PNS ''Babur'' while under way in the Arabian Sea 25 November 2007]]

Despite its [[Maritime Interdiction Operations|seaborne mission]], the Navy had played an active role in controlling the insurgency in [[War in North-West Pakistan|Tribal Belt]] in [[War in North-West Pakistan|Western Pakistan]], mostly taking roles in managing [[Military logistics|logistics]] and [[intelligence gathering]] as well as conducting ground operations with the army in Western areas to track down the [[al-Qaeda|al-Qaeda operatives]]. In 2011, the major terror bombing took place in Navy's assets in various locations of Karachi by [[Al-Qaeda]]; the first of the bombings took place on 21 April 2011 on two naval buses and second bombing incident on 28 April 2011 on a naval coaster. An estimated 12 lives have been lost since the start of the bombing.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/NewsDetail.aspx?ID=14800|title=Blast hits Pakistan Navy bus, third in a week|work=[[The News International]]|publisher=[[Jang Group of Newspapers]]|accessdate=19 May 2011}}</ref> A third bombing, and final bombing took place on 22 May 2011. The attack was on the PNS Mehran base in Karachi.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/TodaysPrintDetail.aspx?ID=6183&Cat=13&dt=5/23/2011|title=A joint attack by al-Qaeda, TTP|work=[[The News International]]|publisher=[[Jang Group of Newspapers]]|accessdate=22 May 2011}}</ref>

Since 2004, the Navy has been readily used in overland counter-insurgency operations, to ease off the pressure to Army and Air Force.<ref name="The New York TImes">{{cite web|last=Mackey|first=Robert|title=Before Attack, Pakistan's Navy Boasted of Role in Fight Against Taliban|url=http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/05/23/before-attack-pakistans-navy-boasted-of-role-in-fight-against-taliban/|work=NYTimes – The Lede (blog)|publisher=The New York TImes|accessdate=10 April 2012|date=23 May 2011}}</ref> The Northern Command (COMNOR) under a [[rear-admiral]], conducted overland, [[signal intelligence]], and bombing missions in the Tribal belt while its navy fighter jets attacked the hidden secretive places of militants.<ref name="The New York TImes"/> In the anti-terror, naval-based airborne missions using precision bombing tactics provided by the US Navy, the Pakistan Navy played a vital role in force-projection of its naval forces that played a significant role in controlling the insurgency, terrorism as well as proved the ability to conduct successful operations far from coastal areas won many presidential citations and praised by the government and the international recognition.<ref name="The New York TImes"/>

==Submarine base==
In April 2014, the Pakistan Navy announced that it is in the process of shifting primary operations and naval assets, including its entire fleet of diesel-electric submarines (SSKs), from [[Karachi]] to the [[Jinnah Naval Base]] in [[Ormara]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.janes.com/article/36959/pakistan-navy-to-shift-submarines-from-karachi-to-ormara|title=Pakistan Navy to shift submarines from Karachi to Ormara|publisher=|accessdate=24 December 2014}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Pakistan|Military of Pakistan}}
*[[Pakistan Coast Guard]]
*[[Pakistan Naval Academy]] 
*[[Pakistan Navy War College]]
*[[Kalmat Naval Base]]
*[[PNS Ahsan|Ahsan Naval Base]]
*[[Jinnah Naval Base]]
*[[PNS Makran|Makran Naval Base]]
*[[PNS Mehran|Mehran Naval Base]]
*[[PNS Qasim|Qasim Naval Base]]

==References==
;Citations
{{Reflist|2}}
;Internet
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite web | title=Orbat | work=Naval and Maritime Security Agency Warship Names 1947–2005 | url=http://orbat.com/site/history/historical/pakistan/warshipnames.html | accessdate=22 June 2005}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://www.paknavy.gov.pk}}

{{Pakistani Armed Forces}}
{{Comparative military ranks (Pakistan)}}
{{Asia topic|Navy of|title=Navies of Asia}}

[[Category:Pakistan Navy|*]]
[[Category:Military units and formations established in 1947]]
[[Category:Government of Pakistan]]
[[Category:1947 establishments in Pakistan]]
[[Category:Pakistan federal departments and agencies]]
[[Category:Military in Sindh]]