View source for Party divisions of United States Congresses

[[File:Combined--Control of the U.S. House of Representatives - Control of the U.S. Senate.png|thumb|571x571px|Control of the Congress from 1855 to 2011]]
[[File:Popular vote vs actual seats gained.png|thumb|400px|Popular vote and house seats won by party]]
'''Party divisions of United States Congresses''' have played a central role in the organization and operations of both chambers of the [[United States Congress]]—the [[United States Senate|Senate]] and the [[United States House of Representatives|House of Representatives]]—since its establishment as the [[Bicameralism|bicameral]] legislature of the [[Federal government of the United States]] in 1789. Political parties had not been anticipated when the [[United States Constitution|U.S. Constitution]] was drafted in 1787, nor did they exist at the time the first [[United States Senate elections, 1788 and 1789|Senate elections]] and [[United States House of Representatives elections, 1788 and 1789|House elections]] occurred in 1788 and 1789. Organized political parties developed in the U.S. in the 1790s, but political factions—from which organized parties evolved—began to appear almost immediately after the [[1st United States Congress|1st Congress]] convened. Those who supported the [[Presidency of George Washington|Washington administration]] were referred to as "pro-administration" and would eventually form the [[Federalist Party]], while those in opposition joined the emerging [[Democratic-Republican Party]].<ref>[https://www.senate.gov/history/partydiv.htm U.S. Senate: Party Divisions]</ref>

==Party divisions by Congress==
The following table lists the party divisions for each [[United States Congress]]. Note that numbers in boldface denote the majority party at that particular time while italicized numbers signify a Congress in which the majority party changed intra-term.
{|class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|- valign=bottom
! rowspan=2 | Congress
! rowspan=2 | Years
! rowspan=999 | 
! colspan=5 | Senate
! rowspan=999 | 
! colspan=5 | House of Representatives
! rowspan=999 | 
! rowspan=2 | President

|- valign=bottom
! Total
! {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | [[Anti-Administration Party (United States)|Anti-<br/>Admin]]<ref>The Anti-Administration Party was not a formal political party but rather a faction opposed to the policies of Treasury Secretary [[Alexander Hamilton]]. The faction eventually coalesced into the [[Democratic-Republican Party]].</ref>
! {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | [[Pro-Administration Party (United States)|Pro-<br/>Admin]]<ref>The Pro-Administration Party was not a formal political party but rather a faction supportive of the policies of Treasury Secretary [[Alexander Hamilton]]. The faction eventually coalesced into the [[Federalist Party]].</ref>
! [[List of political parties in the United States|Others]]
! Vacancies
! Total
! {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | Anti-<br/>Admin
! {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | Pro-<br/>Admin
! Others
! Vacancies

|-
| [[1st United States Congress|1st]]
| 1789–1791
| {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | 26
| {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | 8
| {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | '''18'''
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | 65
| {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | 28
| {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | '''37'''
| —
| —
| rowspan=3 | [[George Washington]]

|-
| [[2nd United States Congress|2nd]]
| 1791–1793
| {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | 30
| {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | 13
| {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | '''16'''
| —
| 1
| {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | 69
| {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | 30
| {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | '''39'''
| —
| —

|-
| [[3rd United States Congress|3rd]]
| 1793–1795
| {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | 30
| {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | 14
| {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | '''16'''
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | 105
| {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}} | '''54'''
| {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}} | 51
| —
| —

|- valign=bottom
! Congress
! Years
! Total
! {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | [[Democratic-Republican Party (United States)|Democratic-<br/>Republicans]]
! {{Party shading/Federalist}} | [[Federalist Party (United States)|Federalists]]
! Others
! Vacancies
! Total
! {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | Democratic-<br/>Republicans
! {{Party shading/Federalist}} | Federalists
! Others
! Vacancies
! President

|-
| [[4th United States Congress|4th]]
| 1795–1797
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | 32
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | 11
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | '''21'''
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | 106
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''59'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | 47
| —
| —
| [[George Washington]]<ref>Washington disapproved of formal political parties and refused to join either party, though he became a symbol of the [[Federalist Party]].</ref>

|-
| [[5th United States Congress|5th]]
| 1797–1799
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | 32
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | 10
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | '''22'''
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | 106
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | 49
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | '''57'''
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} rowspan=2 | [[John Adams]]

|-
| [[6th United States Congress|6th]]
| 1799–1801
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | 32
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | 10
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | '''22'''
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | 106
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | 46
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | '''60'''
| —
| —

|-
| [[7th United States Congress|7th]]
| 1801–1803
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | 34
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''17'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | 15
| —
| 2
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | 107
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''68'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | 38
| —
| 1
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} rowspan=4 | [[Thomas Jefferson]]

|-
| [[8th United States Congress|8th]]
| 1803–1805
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | 34
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''25'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | 9
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | 142
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''103'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | 39
| —
| —

|-
| [[9th United States Congress|9th]]
| 1805–1807
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | 34
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''27'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | 7
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | 142
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''114'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | 28
| —
| —

|-
| [[10th United States Congress|10th]]
| 1807–1809
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | 34
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''28'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | 6
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | 142
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''116'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | 26
| —
| —

|-
| [[11th United States Congress|11th]]
| 1809–1811
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | 34
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''27'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | 7
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | 142
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''92'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | 50
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} rowspan=4 | [[James Madison]]

|-
| [[12th United States Congress|12th]]
| 1811–1813
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | 36
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''30'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | 6
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | 143
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''107'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | 36
| —
| —

|-
| [[13th United States Congress|13th]]
| 1813–1815
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | 36
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''28'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | 8
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | 182
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''114'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | 68
| —
| —

|-
| [[14th United States Congress|14th]]
| 1815–1817
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | 38
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''26'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | 12
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | 183
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''119'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | 64
| —
| —

|-
| [[15th United States Congress|15th]]
| 1817–1819
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | 42
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''30'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | 12
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | 185
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''146'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | 39
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} rowspan=4 | [[James Monroe]]

|-
| [[16th United States Congress|16th]]
| 1819–1821
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | 46
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''37'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | 9
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | 186
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''160'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | 26
| —
| —

|-
| [[17th United States Congress|17th]]
| 1821–1823
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | 48
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''44'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | 4
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | 187
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''155'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | 32
| —
| —

|-
| [[18th United States Congress|18th]]
| 1823–1825
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | 48
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''43'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | 5
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | 213
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} | '''189'''
| {{Party shading/Federalist}} | 24
| —
| —

|- valign=bottom
! Congress
! Years
! Total
! {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]]<ref name=dems1>The [[Democratic-Republican Party]] broke up into two competing parties during the 1820s, but there was no official date of dissolution for the Democratic-Republicans, nor any official founding date of the [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic Party]]. In its early years, the Democrats were a faction of Democratic-Republicans who supported [[Andrew Jackson]]. The House and Senate websites label this group the "Jackson" faction.</ref>
! {{Party shading/National Republican}} | [[National Republican Party (United States)|National<br/>Republicans]]<ref name=natreps1>The National Republicans were formed out of the [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-Republicans]] that opposed [[Andrew Jackson]] and supported [[John Quincy Adams]] and [[Henry Clay]], but the National Republicans were not a durable political party. This column represents the faction opposed to the policies of Andrew Jackson after the contested [[United States presidential election, 1824|election of 1824]] but prior to the founding of the [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig Party]]. The House and Senate websites label this group as the "Adams" or "Anti-Jacksonian" factions.</ref>
! Others
! Vacancies
! Total
! {{Party shading/Democratic}}| Democrats<ref name=dems1/>
! {{Party shading/National Republican}} | National<br/>Republicans<ref name=natreps1/>
! Others
! Vacancies
! President

|-
| [[19th United States Congress|19th]]
| 1825–1827
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 48
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''26'''
| {{Party shading/National Republican}} | 22
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/National Republican}} | 213
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 104
| {{Party shading/National Republican}} | '''109'''
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic-Republican}} rowspan=2 | [[John Quincy Adams]]<ref>Adams won election as a Democratic-Republican, but he sought re-election as a National Republican.</ref>

|-
| [[20th United States Congress|20th]]
| 1827–1829
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 48
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''27'''
| {{Party shading/National Republican}} | 21
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 213
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''113'''
| {{Party shading/National Republican}} | 100
| —
| —

|-
| [[21st United States Congress|21st]]
| 1829–1831
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 48
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''25'''
| {{Party shading/National Republican}} | 23
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 213
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''136'''
| {{Party shading/National Republican}} | 72
| 5
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} rowspan=4 | [[Andrew Jackson]]

|-
| [[22nd United States Congress|22nd]]
| 1831–1833
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 48
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''24'''
| {{Party shading/National Republican}} | 22
| 2
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 213
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''126'''
| {{Party shading/National Republican}} | 66
| 21
| —

|-
| [[23rd United States Congress|23rd]]
| 1833–1835
| {{Party shading/National Republican}} | 48
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 20
| {{Party shading/National Republican}} | '''26'''
| 2
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 240
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''143'''
| {{Party shading/National Republican}} | 63
| 34
| —

|-
| [[24th United States Congress|24th]]
| 1835–1837
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 52
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''26'''
| {{Party shading/National Republican}} | 24
| 2
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 242
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''143'''
| {{Party shading/National Republican}} | 75
| 24
| —

|- valign=bottom
! Congress
! Years
! Total
! {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrats]]
! {{Party shading/Whig}} | [[Whig Party (United States)|Whigs]]
! Others
! Vacancies
! Total
! {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrats
! {{Party shading/Whig}} | Whigs
! Others
! Vacancies
! President

|-
| [[25th United States Congress|25th]]
| 1837–1839
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 52
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''35'''
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | 17
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 242
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''128'''
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | 100
| 14
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} rowspan=2 | [[Martin Van Buren]]

|-
| [[26th United States Congress|26th]]
| 1839–1841
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 52
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''30'''
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | 22
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 242
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''125'''
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | 109
| 8
| —

|-
| [[27th United States Congress|27th]]
| 1841–1843
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | 52
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 22
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | '''29'''
| —
| 1
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | 242
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 98
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | '''142'''
| 2
| —
|  rowspan=2 | [[John Tyler]]<ref>Whig President [[William Henry Harrison]] died April 4, 1841, one month into his term, and was succeeded by [[John Tyler]], who served for the remainder of the term. Tyler had been elected as vice president on the Whig ticket, but he became an [[independent (politics)|independent]] after the Whigs expelled him from the party in 1841.</ref>

|-
| [[28th United States Congress|28th]]
| 1843–1845
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | 52
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 23
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | '''29'''
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 223
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''147'''
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | 72
| 4

|-
| [[29th United States Congress|29th]]
| 1845–1847
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 58
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''34'''
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | 22
| —
| 2
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 228
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''142'''
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | 79
| 7
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} rowspan=2 | [[James K. Polk]]

|-
| [[30th United States Congress|30th]]
| 1847–1849
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 60
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''38'''
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | 21
| 1
| —
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | 220
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 110
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | '''116'''
| 4
| —

|-
| [[31st United States Congress|31st]]
| 1849–1851
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 62
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''35'''
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | 25
| 2
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 233
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''113'''
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | 108
| 11
| 1
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | [[Zachary Taylor]]<ref>President Taylor died July 9, 1850, about one year and four months into the term, and was succeeded by [[Millard Fillmore]], who served for the remainder of the term.</ref>

|-
| [[32nd United States Congress|32nd]]
| 1851–1853
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 62
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''36'''
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | 23
| 3
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 233
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''127'''
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | 85
| 21
| —
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | [[Millard Fillmore]]

|-
| [[33rd United States Congress|33rd]]
| 1853–1855
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 62
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''38'''
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | 22
| 2
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 234
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''157'''
| {{Party shading/Whig}} | 71
| 6
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Franklin Pierce]]

|- valign=bottom
! Congress
! Years
! Total
! {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrats
! {{Party shading/Opposition}} | [[Opposition Party (Northern U.S.)|Opposition]]<ref>The [[Opposition Party (Northern U.S.)|"Opposition Party"]] is a term used to describe the Congressional coalition formed by former Whigs and members of the nascent [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican Party]]. The Opposition Party opposed the Democratic Party in the aftermath of the collapse of the [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig Party]].</ref>
! Others
! Vacancies
! Total
! {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrats
! {{Party shading/Opposition}} | Opposition
! Others
! Vacancies
! President

|-
| [[34th United States Congress|34th]]
| 1855–1857
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 62
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''39'''
| {{Party shading/Opposition}} | 21
| 2
| —
| {{Party shading/Opposition}} | 234
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 83
| {{Party shading/Opposition}} | '''100'''
| 51
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[Franklin Pierce]]

|- valign=bottom
! Congress
! Years
! Total
! {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrats
! {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Republican Party (United States)|Republicans]]
! Others
! Vacancies
! Total
! {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrats
! {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republicans
! Others
! Vacancies
! President

|-
| [[35th United States Congress|35th]]
| 1857–1859
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 64
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''39'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 20
| 5
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 237
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''131'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 94
| 13
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} rowspan=2 | [[James Buchanan]]

|-
| [[36th United States Congress|36th]]
| 1859–1861
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 66
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''38'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 26
| 2
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 237
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 101
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''113'''
| 23
| —

|-
| [[37th United States Congress|37th]]
| 1861–1863
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 50
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 11
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''31'''
| 7
| 1
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 178
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 42
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''106'''
| 28
| 2
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=2 | [[Abraham Lincoln]]<ref>President Lincoln was assassinated and died April 15, 1865, about a month after beginning his second term as president. He was succeeded by [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] [[Andrew Johnson]], who served the remainder of the term.</ref>

|-
| [[38th United States Congress|38th]]
| 1863–1865
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 51
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 12
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''29'''
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 183
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 80
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''103'''
| —
| —

|-
| [[39th United States Congress|39th]]
| 1865–1867
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 52
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 10
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''42'''
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 191
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 46
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''145'''
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/National Union}} rowspan=2 | [[Andrew Johnson]]<ref>Johnson was elected as vice president on the [[National Union Party (United States)|National Union]] ticket, but was a Democrat prior to the 1864 election.</ref>

|-
| [[40th United States Congress|40th]]
| 1867–1869
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 53
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 11
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''42'''
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 193
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 49
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''143'''
| —
| 1

|-
| [[41st United States Congress|41st]]
| 1869–1871
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 74
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 11
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''61'''
| —
| 2
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 243
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 73
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''170'''
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=4 | [[Ulysses S. Grant]]

|-
| [[42nd United States Congress|42nd]]
| 1871–1873
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 74
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 17
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''57'''
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 243
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 104
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''136'''
| 3
| —

|-
| [[43rd United States Congress|43rd]]
| 1873–1875
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 74
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 19
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''54'''
| —
| 1
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 293
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 88
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''203'''
| —
| 2

|-
| [[44th United States Congress|44th]]
| 1875–1877
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 76
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 29
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''46'''
| —
| 1
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 293
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''181'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 107
| 3
| 2

|-
| [[45th United States Congress|45th]]
| 1877–1879
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 76
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 36
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''39'''
| 1
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 293
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''156'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 137
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=2 | [[Rutherford B. Hayes]]

|-
| [[46th United States Congress|46th]]
| 1879–1881
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 76
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''43'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 33
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 293
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''150'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 128
| 14
| 1

|-
| [[47th United States Congress|47th]]
| 1881–1883
| 76<ref name=Deadlock>Neither party controlled the Senate in the 47th Congress in what's known as the "Great Senate Deadlock of 1881." {{cite web|title=The Great Senate Deadlock of 1881|url=https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/Senate_Deadlock_1881.htm|website=Senate.gov|publisher=US Senate|accessdate=1 July 2014}}</ref>
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 37
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 37
| 2
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 293
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 130
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''152'''
| 11
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=2 | [[Chester A. Arthur]]<ref>[[James A. Garfield]] died September 23, 1881, roughly six months into his term. He was succeeded by [[Chester Arthur]], who served for the remainder of the term.</ref>

|-
| [[48th United States Congress|48th]]
| 1883–1885
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 76
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 36
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''40'''
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 325
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''200'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 119
| 6

|-
| [[49th United States Congress|49th]]
| 1885–1887
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 76
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 34
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''41'''
| —
| 1
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 325
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''182'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 140
| 2
| 1
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} rowspan=2 | [[Grover Cleveland]]

|-
| [[50th United States Congress|50th]]
| 1887–1889
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 76
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 37
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''39'''
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 325
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''170'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 151
| 4
| —

|-
| [[51st United States Congress|51st]]
| 1889–1891
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 84
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 37
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''47'''
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 330
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 156
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''173'''
| 1
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=2 | [[Benjamin Harrison]]

|-
| [[52nd United States Congress|52nd]]
| 1891–1893
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 88
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 39
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''47'''
| 2
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 333
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''231'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 88
| 14
| —

|-
| [[53rd United States Congress|53rd]]
| 1893–1895
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 88
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''44'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 38
| 3
| 3
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 356
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''220'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 126
| 10
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} rowspan=2 | Grover Cleveland

|-
| [[54th United States Congress|54th]]
| 1895–1897
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 88
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 39
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''44'''
| 5
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 357
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 104
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''246'''
| 7
| —

|-
| [[55th United States Congress|55th]]
| 1897–1899
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 90
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 34
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''46'''
| 10
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 357
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 134
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''206'''
| 16
| 1
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=2 | [[William McKinley]]<ref>McKinley died September 14, 1901, about six months into his second term, and was succeeded by [[Theodore Roosevelt]]. Roosevelt served for the remainder of the term and was [[United States presidential election, 1904|elected president in 1904]].</ref>

|-
| [[56th United States Congress|56th]]
| 1899–1901
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 90
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 26
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''53'''
| 11
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 357
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 163
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''185'''
| 9
| —

|-
| [[57th United States Congress|57th]]
| 1901–1903
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 90
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 29
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''56'''
| 3
| 2
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 357
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 153
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''198'''
| 5
| 1
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=4 | [[Theodore Roosevelt]]

|-
| [[58th United States Congress|58th]]
| 1903–1905
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 90
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 32
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''58'''
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 386
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 178
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''207'''
| —
| 1

|-
| [[59th United States Congress|59th]]
| 1905–1907
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 90
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 32
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''58'''
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 386
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 136
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''250'''
| —
| —

|-
| [[60th United States Congress|60th]]
| 1907–1909
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 92
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 29
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''61'''
| —
| 2
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 386
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 164
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''222'''
| —
| —

|-
| [[61st United States Congress|61st]]
| 1909–1911
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 92
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 32
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''59'''
| —
| 1
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 391
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 172
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''219'''
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=2 | [[William Howard Taft|William H. Taft]]

|-
| [[62nd United States Congress|62nd]]
| 1911–1913
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 92
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 42
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''49'''
| —
| 1
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 391
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''228'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 162
| 1
| —

|-
| [[63rd United States Congress|63rd]]
| 1913–1915
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 96
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''51'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 44
| 1
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''290'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 127
| 18
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} rowspan=4 | [[Woodrow Wilson]]

|-
| [[64th United States Congress|64th]]
| 1915–1917
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 96
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''56'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 39
| 1
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''231'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 193
| 8
| 3

|-
| [[65th United States Congress|65th]]
| 1917–1919
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 96
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''53'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 42
| 1
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''210'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 216
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''9'''<ref>The Democratic Party controlled the House in coalition with the [[Progressive Party (United States, 1912)|Progressive Party]] and the [[Socialist Party of America|Socialist Party]]. The lone Congressional member of the [[Prohibition Party]] was not a part of this coalition.</ref>
| —

|-
| [[66th United States Congress|66th]]
| 1919–1921
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 96
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 47
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''48'''
| 1
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 191
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''237'''
| 7
| —

|-
| [[67th United States Congress|67th]]
| 1921–1923
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 96
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 37
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''59'''
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 132
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''300'''
| 1
| 2
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | [[Warren G. Harding]]<ref>President Harding died August 2, 1923, about two years and five months after becoming president, and was succeeded by vice-president [[Calvin Coolidge]]. Coolidge served for the remainder of the term and was [[United States presidential election, 1924|subsequently elected president in 1924]].</ref>

|-
| [[68th United States Congress|68th]]
| 1923–1925
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 96
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 43
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''51'''
| 2
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 207
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''225'''
| 3
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=3 | [[Calvin Coolidge]]

|-
| [[69th United States Congress|69th]]
| 1925–1927
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 96
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 40
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''54'''
| 1
| 1
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 183
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''247'''
| 5
| —

|-
| [[70th United States Congress|70th]]
| 1927–1929
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 96
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 47
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''48'''
| 1
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 195
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''237'''
| 3
| —

|-
| [[71st United States Congress|71st]]
| 1929–1931
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 96
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 39
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''56'''
| 1
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 163
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''267'''
| 1
| 4
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=2 | [[Herbert Hoover]]

|-
| [[72nd United States Congress|72nd]]
| 1931–1933
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 96
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 47
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''48'''
| 1
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''217'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 217
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''1'''
| —

|-
| [[73rd United States Congress|73rd]]
| 1933–1935
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 96
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''59'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 36
| 1
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''313'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 117
| 5
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} rowspan=6 | [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]]<ref>Roosevelt died April 12, 1945, about three months into his fourth term as president, and was succeeded by [[Harry S. Truman]]. Truman served the remainder of the term and was [[United States presidential election, 1948|elected president in 1948]].</ref>

|-
| [[74th United States Congress|74th]]
| 1935–1937
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 96
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''69'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 25
| 2
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''322'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 103
| 10
| —

|-
| [[75th United States Congress|75th]]
| 1937–1939
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 96
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''75'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 17
| 4
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''333'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 89
| 13
| —

|-
| [[76th United States Congress|76th]]
| 1939–1941
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 96
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''69'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 23
| 4
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''262'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 169
| 4
| —

|-
| [[77th United States Congress|77th]]
| 1941–1943
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 96
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''66'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 28
| 2
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''267'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 162
| 6
| —

|-
| [[78th United States Congress|78th]]
| 1943–1945
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 96
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''57'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 38
| 1
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''222'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 209
| 4
| —

|-
| [[79th United States Congress|79th]]
| 1945–1947
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 96
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''57'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 38
| 1
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''243'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 190
| 2
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} rowspan=4 | [[Harry S. Truman]]

|-
| [[80th United States Congress|80th]]
| 1947–1949
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 96
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 45
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''51'''
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 188
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''246'''
| 1
| —

|-
| [[81st United States Congress|81st]]
| 1949–1951
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 96
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''54'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 42
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''263'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 171
| 1
| —

|-
| [[82nd United States Congress|82nd]]
| 1951–1953
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 96
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''48'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 47
| 1
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''234'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 199
| 2
| —

|-
| [[83rd United States Congress|83rd]]
| 1953–1955
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 96
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 46
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''48'''
| 2
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 213
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''221'''
| 1
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=4 | [[Dwight D. Eisenhower]]

|-
| [[84th United States Congress|84th]]
| 1955–1957
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 96
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''48'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 47
| 1
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''232'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 203
| —
| —

|-
| [[85th United States Congress|85th]]
| 1957–1959
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 96
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''49'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 47
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''234'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 201
| —
| —

|-
| [[86th United States Congress|86th]]
| 1959–1961
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 98
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''64'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 34
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 437
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''283'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 153
| 1
| —

|-
| [[87th United States Congress|87th]]
| 1961–1963
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 100
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''64'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 36
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 437
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''262'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 175
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | [[John F. Kennedy]]<ref>Kennedy died November 22, 1963, about two years and ten months into the term, and was succeeded by [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]. Johnson served the remainder of the term and was [[United States presidential election, 1964|elected president in 1964]].</ref>

|-
| [[88th United States Congress|88th]]
| 1963–1965
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 100
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''67'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 33
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''258'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 176
| —
| 1
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} rowspan=3 | [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]

|-
| [[89th United States Congress|89th]]
| 1965–1967
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 100
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''68'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 32
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''295'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 140
| —
| —

|-
| [[90th United States Congress|90th]]
| 1967–1969
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 100
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''64'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 36
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''247'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 187
| —
| 1

|-
| [[91st United States Congress|91st]]
| 1969–1971
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 100
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''58'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 42
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''243'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 192
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=2 | [[Richard Nixon]]<ref>Nixon resigned August 9, 1974, about a year and seven months into his second term as president, and was succeeded by [[Gerald R. Ford]], who served for the remainder of the term.</ref>

|-
| [[92nd United States Congress|92nd]]
| 1971–1973
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 100
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''54'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 44
| 2
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''255'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 180
| —
| —

|-
| [[93rd United States Congress|93rd]]
| 1973–1975
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 100
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''56'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 42
| 2
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''242'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 192
| 1
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=2 | [[Gerald Ford]]

|-
| [[94th United States Congress|94th]]
| 1975–1977
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 100
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''61'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 37
| 2
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''291'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 144
| —
| —

|-
| [[95th United States Congress|95th]]
| 1977–1979
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 100
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''61'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 38
| 1
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''292'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 143
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} rowspan=2 | [[Jimmy Carter]]

|-
| [[96th United States Congress|96th]]
| 1979–1981
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 100
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''58'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 41
| 1
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''277'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 158
| —
| —

|-
| [[97th United States Congress|97th]]
| 1981–1983
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 100
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 46
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''53'''
| 1
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''242'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 192
| 1
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=4 | [[Ronald Reagan]]

|-
| [[98th United States Congress|98th]]
| 1983–1985
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 100
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 46
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''54'''
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''269'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 166
| —
| —

|-
| [[99th United States Congress|99th]]
| 1985–1987
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 100
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 47
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''53'''
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''253'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 182
| —
| —

|-
| [[100th United States Congress|100th]]
| 1987–1989
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 100
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''55'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 45
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''258'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 177
| —
| —

|-
| [[101st United States Congress|101st]]
| 1989–1991
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 100
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''55'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 45
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''260'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 175
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=2 | [[George H. W. Bush]]

|-
| [[102nd United States Congress|102nd]]
| 1991–1993
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 100
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''56'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 44
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''267'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 167
| 1
| —

|-
| [[103rd United States Congress|103rd]]
| 1993–1995
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 100
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''57'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 43
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''258'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 176
| 1
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} rowspan=4 | [[Bill Clinton]]

|-
| [[104th United States Congress|104th]]
| 1995–1997
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 100
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 47
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''53'''
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 204
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''230'''
| 1
| —

|-
| [[105th United States Congress|105th]]
| 1997–1999
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 100
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 45
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''55'''
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 206
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''227'''
| 2
| —

|-
| [[106th United States Congress|106th]]
| 1999–2001
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 100
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 45
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''55'''
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 211
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''223'''
| 1
| —

|-
| [[107th United States Congress|107th]]
| 2001–2003
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 100
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 50<ref>The Democratic Party controlled the 107th Congress from January 3 to January 20, 2001 (50/50 tie with Vice President Gore as the deciding vote) and from May 24, 2001 to January 3, 2003 (after Senator Jim Jeffords left the Republican Party to become an Independent and caucus with the Democrats).</ref>
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''50'''/49<ref>The Republican Party controlled the 107th Congress from January 20, 2001 (50/50 tie with Vice President Cheney as the deciding vote) until May 24, 2001, when Senator Jim Jeffords left the Republican Party to become an Independent and caucus with the Democrats.</ref>
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 0/1<ref name="Jeffords" />
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 212
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''221'''
| 2
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=4 | [[George W. Bush]]

|-
| [[108th United States Congress|108th]]
| 2003–2005
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 100
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 48
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''51'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 1<ref name="Jeffords">In the [[107th Congress]] (after May 24, 2001), and in the [[108th Congress]] and [[109th Congress]], Independent [[Jim Jeffords]] of [[Vermont]] caucused with the Democratic Party.</ref>	
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 205
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''229'''
| 1
| —

|-
| [[109th United States Congress|109th]]
| 2005–2007
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 100
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 44
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''55'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 1<ref name="Jeffords" />
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 202
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''232'''
| 1
| —

|-
| [[110th United States Congress|110th]]
| 2007–2009
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 100
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''49'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 49
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''2'''<ref name="independents">In the [[110th Congress]] and [[111th Congress]], the two independent members of the Senate caucused with the Democratic Party, and thus are considered to be a part of the majority.</ref>
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''233'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 202
| —
| —

|-
| [[111th United States Congress|111th]]
| 2009–2011
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 100
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''56–58'''<ref>From January 27 to April 28, 2009, when Senator [[Arlen Specter]] (R-Pennsylvania) joined the Democratic caucus, there were 56 Democratic Senators, 41 Republicans, two independents and one undecided seat in Minnesota. That vacancy was filled as an additional Democratic seat on July 7, 2009, with the swearing-in of [[Al Franken]], bringing the totals to 58 Democrats, 40 Republicans and 2 independents. Seven weeks later, on August 25, Sen. [[Edward M. Kennedy]] (D-Mass.) died, lowering the Democratic total to 57 for a month until [[Paul G. Kirk Jr.]] (D) was appointed and sworn in as Sen. Kennedy's interim replacement on September 25, 2009. Just over four months later, on February 4, 2010, [[Scott Brown (politician)|Scott Brown]] (R) who had won a special election for the seat, succeeded Paul Kirk, returning the Republican caucus to 41, and again reducing the Democratic caucus to 57 plus two independents. [The Democratic caucus dropped again briefly to 56 in the 18 days between the death of [[Sen. Robert Byrd]] (D-West Virginia) on June 28, 2010 and the seating of his interim successor, [[Carte Goodwin]] (also D) on July 16.] The appointed Democratic Senator from Illinois, [[Roland Burris]] was succeeded on November 29, 2010 by [[Mark Kirk]], a Republican elected earlier that month, once again dropping the Democratic caucus to 56 with 2 independents facing 42 Republicans for the last month of the 111th Congress. [http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CDIR-2011-12-01/html/CDIR-2011-12-01-STATISTICALINFORMATION-5.htm December 2011 ''Congressional Directory''], page 324</ref>
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 40–42<ref>From January 3 to April 28, 2009, prior to Senator Arlen Specter's switch to the Democratic Party, there were 41 Republican Senators. The Republican caucus returned to 41 on February 4, 2010, with the swearing in of Scott Brown (R-Mass.) to fill the Democratic seat of Edward Kennedy and Paul Kirk. After [[Mark Kirk]] (R-Ill.) replaced [[Roland Burris]] as Senator from Illinois on November 29, 2010, the Senate in the last month of the 111th Congress stood at 42 Republicans, 56 Democrats and 2 independents.</ref>
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''2'''<ref name="independents" />
| 0-1
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''257'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 178
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} rowspan=4 | [[Barack Obama]]

|-
| [[112th United States Congress|112th]]
| 2011–2013
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 100
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''51'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 47
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''2'''<ref name="112th">In the [[112th Congress]], the two independent members of the Senate, [[Joseph Lieberman]], Independent Democrat of [[Connecticut]], and [[Bernie Sanders]], Independent of [[Vermont]] caucused with the Democratic Party, and thus are considered to be a part of the majority.</ref>
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 193
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''242'''
| —
| —

|-
| [[113th United States Congress|113th]]
| 2013–2015
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 100
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''53'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 45
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''2'''<ref name="113-115">In the [[113th United States Congress|113th]], [[114th United States Congress|114th]], [[115th United States Congress|115th]], and [[116th United States Congress|116th]] Congresses, the two independent members of the Senate, [[Bernie Sanders]] of Vermont, and [[Angus King]] of Maine, caucused with the Democratic Party.</ref>
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 201
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''234'''
| —
| —

|-
| [[114th United States Congress|114th]]
| 2015–2017
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 100
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 44
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''54'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 2<ref name="113-115"/>
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 188
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''247'''
| —
| —

|-
| [[115th United States Congress|115th]]
| 2017–2019
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 100
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 46/47
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''52/51'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 2<ref name="113-115"/>
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 194
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''241'''
| —
| —
| {{Party shading/Republican}} rowspan=2 | [[Donald Trump]]

|-
| [[116th United States Congress|116th]]
| 2019–2021
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 100
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 45
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | '''51'''
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 2<ref name="113-115"/>
| —
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | 435
| {{Party shading/Democratic}} | '''229'''
| {{Party shading/Republican}} | 199
| —
| —

|- valign=top
! rowspan=2 | Congress
! rowspan=2 | Years
! Total
! {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrats
! {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republicans
! Others
! Vacancies
! Total
! {{Party shading/Democratic}} | Democrats
! {{Party shading/Republican}} | Republicans
! Others
! Vacancies
! rowspan=2 | President
|- valign=bottom
! colspan=5 | Senate
! colspan=5 | House of Representatives

|}

==Partisan control of Congress==
This table shows the number of Congresses in which a party controlled either the House, the Senate, or the presidency.
{| class="wikitable sortable" 
! Party
! Senate
! House
! Presidency
|- {{party shading/Democratic}}
| [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democratic]]
| 50
| 57
| 44
|- {{party shading/Republican}}
| [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]]
| 42
| 36
| 45
|- {{party shading/Democratic-Republican}}
| [[Democratic-Republican Party|Democratic-<br/>Republican]]
| 12
| 13
| 14
|- {{party shading/Federalist}}
| [[Federalist Party (United States)|Federalist]]
| 3
| 2
| 2
|- {{Party shading/Pro-Administration}}
| [[Pro-Administration Party (United States)|Pro-<br/>Administration]]
| 3
| 2
| 0
|- {{party shading/Whig}}
| [[Whig Party (United States)|Whig]]
| 2
| 2
| 2
|- {{party shading/National Republican}}
| [[National Republican Party (United States)|National<br/>Republican]]
| 1
| 1
| 0
|- {{Party shading/Anti-Administration}}
| [[Anti-Administration Party (United States)|Anti-<br/>Administration]]
| 0
| 1
| 0
|- {{Party shading/Opposition}}
| [[Opposition Party (Northern U.S.)|Opposition]]
| 0
| 1
| 0
|- {{Party shading/National Union}}
| [[National Union Party (United States)|National<br/>Union]]
| 0
| 0
| 2
|-
| Split Control
| 2<ref>The Democrats and Republicans shared control of the Senate in the [[47th United States Congress]]. In the middle of the [[107th United States Congress]], control of the Senate switched from the Republican Party to the Democratic Party.</ref>
| 0
| 1<ref>During the 27th Congress, the Whigs expelled the sitting president, John Tyler, from their party. Tyler governed as an independent.</ref>
|-
| Independent
| 0
| 0
| 5
|}
{{clear}}

==See also==
* [[United States Presidents and control of Congress]]
* [[Political power in the United States over time]]
* [[Political party strength in U.S. states]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.senate.gov/history/partydiv.htm U.S. Senate: Party Divisions]
* [http://history.house.gov/Institution/Party-Divisions/Party-Divisions/ Office of the House Clerk: Party Divisions of the House of Representatives]

{{USCongress}}
[[Category:United States Congresses]]
[[Category:History of the United States Congress]]
[[Category:Political history of the United States]]
[[Category:United States history-related lists]]