View source for Huawei

{{Multiple issues|
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{{Use British English|date= April 2015}}
{{Use dmy dates|date= January 2013}}

{{Infobox company
| name = Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
| logo = Huawei.svg
| logo_size = 150px
| image = Huawei 1.JPG
| image_caption = Huawei headquarters in Shenzhen, Guangdong
| native_name = {{lang|zh-cn|華為技术有限公司}}
| type = [[Privately held company|Private]], [[Employee-owned company|employee-owned]]
| industry = {{nowrap|[[Telecommunications equipment]]<br />[[Networking equipment]]<br />[[Consumer electronics]]}}
| foundation = {{Start date and age|1987|df=yes}}
| founder = [[Ren Zhengfei]]
| location_city = [[Shenzhen]], [[Guangdong]]
| location_country = [[People's Republic of China]]
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = [[Liang Hua]] <small>(Chairman of the Board) </small><br />[[Ren Zhengfei]] <small>(CEO) </small><br />[[Meng Wanzhou]] <small>(Vice-chair, CFO) </small><br />Zhou Daiqi <small>([[Party Committee Secretary|Party secretary]]) </small>
| products = [[Cellular network|Mobile]] and [[Broadband networks|fixed broadband networks]], [[Consultant|consultancy]] and [[managed services]], [[multimedia]] technology, [[smartphone]]s, [[tablet computer]]s, [[dongle]]s
| revenue = {{Increase}} {{CNY|603.621 billion|link= yes}} {{US$|92.549 billion}} (2017)<ref name="10K">{{cite web|title= Huawei 2017 Annual Report: Solid Growth and Sustained Investment in the Future|url= http://www.huawei.com/en/press-events/news/2018/3/Huawei-2017-Annual-Report|website= huawei | access-date= 30 March 2018}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{Increase}} {{CNY| 56.384 billion}} {{US$| 8.645 billion}} (2017)<ref name="10K" />
| net_income = {{Increase}} {{CNY| 47.455 billion}} {{US$| 7.276 billion}} (2017)<ref name="10K" />
| assets = {{Increase}} {{CNY| 505.225 billion}} {{US$| 77.462 billion}} (2017)<ref name="10K" />
| equity = {{Increase}} {{CNY| 175.616 billion}} {{US$| 26.926 billion}} (2017)<ref name="10K" />
| owner = * Huawei Investment & Holding Co., Ltd (1987 – present)
* Private<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/corporate-governance/the-shareholders-meeting-and-the-representatives-commission | publisher = Huawei | title = Corporate Governance}}</ref>
| num_employees = c. 180,000 (2017)
| subsid = [[HiSilicon]]<br />[[Huawei Honor|Honor]]
| homepage = {{URL|huawei.com}}
}}
'''Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.''' ({{IPAc-en|'|hw|ɑː|ˌ|w|eɪ|}}; {{zh|c=华为|p={{Audio|Huawei pronunciation.ogg|Huáwéi|help=no}}|s=|t=}}) is a Chinese multinational conglomerate which specialises in [[telecommunications equipment]], [[consumer electronics]] and [[technology|technology-based services and products]], headquartered in [[Shenzhen]], [[Guangdong]], [[People's Republic of China]].

Huawei has deployed its products and services in more than 170 countries, and {{as of|2011 |lc=on}} it served 45 of the 50 largest [[Telecommunication|telecom]] operators.<ref>{{cite news |title=At Huawei, Matt Bross Tries to Ease U.S. Security Fears |first1=Ashlee |last1=Vance |first2=Bruce |last2=Einhorn |url=http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/at-huawei-matt-bross-tries-to-ease-us-security-fears-09152011.html |work=Businessweek |date=15 September 2011 | access-date=28 September 2011}}</ref>{{qn|date=November 2018}} Huawei overtook [[Ericsson]] in 2012 as the largest telecommunications-equipment manufacturer in the world,<ref name="Economist">{{cite news | title=Who's afraid of Huawei? | url=http://www.economist.com/node/21559922 | newspaper=The Economist | date=3 August 2012 | access-date=15 November 2018 | quote=Huawei has just overtaken Sweden's Ericsson to become the world's largest telecoms-equipment-maker.}}</ref> and overtook [[Apple Inc.|Apple]] in 2018 as the second-largest manufacturer of [[smartphone]]s in the world, behind [[Samsung Electronics]].<ref>{{cite news |last1=Gibbs |first1=Samuel |title=Huawei beats Apple to become second-largest smartphone maker |url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/aug/01/huawei-beats-apple-smartphone-manufacturer-samsung-iphone |work=the Guardian |date=1 August 2018 |language=en}}</ref> It ranks 72nd on the [[Fortune Global 500|''Fortune'' Global 500]] list.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://fortune.com/global500/huawei-investment-holding|title=Huawei Investment & Holding|website=Fortune|language=en-US | access-date=2018-11-13}}</ref>

[[Ren Zhengfei]], a former engineer in the [[People's Liberation Army]], founded Huawei in 1987. At the time of its establishment, Huawei focused on manufacturing [[Stored program control|phone switches]], but has since expanded to include building telecommunications networks, providing operational and [[consulting services]] and equipment to enterprises inside and outside of China, and manufacturing communications devices for the consumer market.<ref name="CSIS">{{cite news | last1=Ahrens | first1=Nathaniel | title=China's Competitiveness Myth, Reality, and Lessons for the United States and Japan. Case Study: Huawei | url=http://csis.org/files/publication/130215_competitiveness_Huawei_casestudy_Web.pdf | access-date=3 October 2014 | publisher=Center for Strategic and International Studies |date=February 2013}}</ref><ref name="Computerworld">{{cite web | url=http://news.idg.no/cw/art.cfm?id=2A72801F-1A64-67EA-E484130BD34FD158 | title=Huawei maintained steady growth in 2010 | last1=Shukla | first1=Anuradha | date=18 April 2011 | work=[[Computerworld]] | publisher=[[IDG Communications]] | access-date=14 June 2011}}</ref> Huawei had over 170,000 employees {{as of |2017 | September | lc=on}}, around 76,000 of them engaged in [[research and development]] (R&D).<ref>{{cite news|title=Huawei 2010 Profit Gains 30% on Higher International Sales |url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-04-17/huawei-2010-profit-gains-30-on-higher-international-sales.html |work=Businessweek |date=17 April 2011 | access-date=28 September 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812074813/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-04-17/huawei-2010-profit-gains-30-on-higher-international-sales.html |archivedate=12 August 2011 |df=}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huawei.com/en/ucmf/groups/public/documents/attachments/hw_093033.pdf | title=2010 Corporate Social Responsibility Report | year=2010 | work=Huawei.com | publisher=Huawei | access-date=28 September 2011}}</ref> It has 21 R&D institutes in countries including [[China]], the [[United States]],<ref name="auto">Some of Huawei's US operations include FutureWei Technologies Inc. (in at least Santa Clara CA, Plano TX, and Bridgetwater NJ), which is a wholly owned subsidiary of Huawei North America.</ref> [[Canada]],<ref name="auto1">{{cite web | url=http://www.huawei.com/ca-en/about-huawei/corporate-info/index.htm | title=Huawei Canada – Corporate Information|publisher=| access-date=18 February 2015}}</ref> the [[United Kingdom]],<ref name="auto2">{{cite web | url=http://www.datacenterdynamics.com/focus/archive/2014/01/huawei-and-imperial-college-open-data-science-innovation-lab | title=Huawei and Imperial College Open Data Science Innovation Lab | newspaper=Datacenter Dynamics | access-date=2014-05-20}}</ref> [[Pakistan]], [[Finland]], [[France]], [[Belgium]], [[Germany]], [[Colombia]], [[Sweden]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], [[India]],<ref name="auto3">{{cite news |title=CES 2016: Huawei unveils Mate 8 with Kirin 950 chipset |url=http://indianexpress.com/article/technology/mobile-tabs/ces-2016-huawei-unveils-mate-8-with-kirin-950-chipset/ | access-date=9 January 2016|publisher=Tech Desk|date=January 8, 2016}}</ref> [[Russia]], [[Israel]], and [[Turkey]].<ref name="auto4">{{cite web |url=http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/newsroom/press-release/hw-071891-turkey-r.htm |title=Huawei has opened its R&D center in Istanbul on 27 February 2010 |publisher=Huawei.com | access-date=2013-06-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121011141541/http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/newsroom/press-release/hw-071891-turkey-r.htm |archive-date=11 October 2012 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="auto5">{{cite web |url=http://www.invest.gov.tr/en-US/successstories/Pages/Huawei.aspx |title=Huawei – Invest in Turkey |publisher=Invest.gov.tr | access-date=2012-10-12}}</ref> {{As of | 2017}} the company invested US$13.8 billion in R&D, up from US$5 billion in 2013.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/biz/2014/05/335_156166.html | title=Huawei to focus more on smartphone business | newspaper=The Korea Times | access-date=2014-05-20}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.lightreading.com/artificial-intelligence-machine-learning/huawei-dwarfs-ericsson-nokia-on-randd-spend-in-2017/d/d-id/741944 | title=Huawei Dwarfs Ericsson, Nokia on R&D Spend in 2017|website=Light Reading}}</ref>

The company plans to dedicate 20–30 percent of R&D funding to [[basic research|basic science research]], up from its previous 10 percent, and increase R&D funding to at least US$15 billion annually, according to the official company statement in November 2018. CNBC reported that Huawei's revenue in 2018 was expected to exceed 100 billion US dollars for the first time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/11/30/huawei-says-it-will-hit-100-billion-in-revenue-for-2018.html | title=Huawei says it will hit $100 billion in revenue for 2018 | first=Arjun | last=Kharpal | date=30 November 2018 | website=www.cnbc.com}}</ref>

Although successful internationally, Huawei has faced difficulties and [[cybersecurity]] concerns selling in some markets (such as the United States), over allegations that its equipment may contain [[Backdoor (computing)|backdoors]] that could enable unauthorized [[surveillance]] by the Chinese government and by the People's Liberation Army (citing, in particular, its founder having previously worked for the Army). While the company has argued that its products posed "no greater cybersecurity risk" than those of any other vendors, Huawei stated in April 2018 that it would largely pull out of the U.S. market, due to the scrutiny having impacted its activity. Huawei's [[Chairman#Vice chairman and deputy chairman|vice-chairperson]] and [[chief financial officer|CFO]] [[Meng Wanzhou]] was arrested in Canada on December 1, 2018, at the request of the United States, which accuses her of violating [[United States sanctions against Iran|US sanctions against Iran]].<ref name="auto6">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/05/business/huawei-cfo-arrest-canada-extradition.html|title=A Top Huawei Executive Is Arrested in Canada for Extradition to the U.S.|last=Wakabayashi|first=Daisuke|date=2018-12-05|work=The New York Times | access-date=2018-12-06|last2=Rappeport|first2=Alan}}</ref>

== Name ==
{{Infobox Chinese
| pic = Huawei (Chinese characters).svg
| piccap = "Huawei" in Simplified (top) and Traditional (bottom) Chinese characters
| picupright = 0.425
| s = 华为
| t = 華為
| p = Huáwéi
| mi = {{IPAc-cmn|AUD|Huawei pronunciation.ogg|h|ua|2|.|wei|2}}
| j = Waa4-wai4
| y = Wàah-wàih
| ci = {{IPAc-yue|w|aa|4|.|w|ai|4}}
| poj = Hôa-uî
| altname = Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
| s2 = 华为技术有限公司
| t2 = {{nowrap|華為技術有限公司}}
| p2 = Huáwéi Jìshù Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī
| mi2 = {{IPAc-cmn|h|ua|2|.|wei|2|-|j|i|4|.|sh|u|4|-|you|3|.|x|ian|4|-|g|ong|1|si|1}}
| order = st
}}
{{See also|Names of China|Huaxia|Zhonghua|Zhonghua minzu|Asus}}

The name ''Huawei'' may be translated as "splendid act" or "China is able"; ''Hua'' can mean "splendid" (literally "flowery beauty") or "China", while ''wei'' can mean "action" or "achievement".<ref name="segers">{{cite book |url = https://books.google.com/books?id=aoF-CwAAQBAJ&pg=PA87#v=onepage&q&f=false |title = Multinational Management: A Casebook on Asia’s Global Market Leaders |first = Rien |last = Segers |page = 87 |publisher = Springer |date = 29 January 2016 |ISBN = 9783319230122 }}</ref> In Chinese [[pinyin]], it is ''Huáwéi'',<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.mdbg.net/chinese/dictionary?page=worddict&wdrst=0&wdqb=%E5%8D%8E%E4%B8%BA |title = 华为 |work=MDBG }}</ref> and close in pronunciation to "Hwa Way" in [[Standard Chinese]], but close to "Wah Way" in [[Cantonese]].<ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.engadget.com/2018/01/17/huawei-china-us-tech-trade-relations/ |title=Huawei and its peers won't win over the US without trust |first=Cherlynn |last= Low |date=January 17, 2018 |work=engadget }}</ref> However, pronunciation of ''Huawei'' by non-Chinese varies in other countries, for example "Hua Way" or "How Wee" in the United States and "Hoe-ah-wei" in the Netherlands.<ref name=segers /> The company had considered changing the name in English as it was concerned that non-Chinese may find the name hard to pronounce,<ref>{{cite news |url = https://blogs.wsj.com/tech-europe/2013/09/04/huawei-mulled-changing-its-name-as-foreigners-found-it-too-hard/ |title = Huawei Mulled Changing Its Name as Foreigners Found it Too Hard |first = Ainsley |last = Thomson |date = September 4, 2013 |work = Wall Street Journal }}</ref> but decided to keep the name, and launched a name recognition campaign instead to encourage a pronunciation closer to "Wah-Way" using the words "Wow Way".<ref>{{cite news |url = https://www.scmp.com/tech/enterprises/article/2127685/wow-way-or-huawei-readable-chinese-brand-first-key-unlocking |title = Wow Way or Huawei? A readable Chinese brand is the first key in unlocking America’s market |date = January 10, 2018 |work = South China Morning Post }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url = https://www.zdnet.com/article/huawei-mate-10-pro-us-launch-promoted-by-wonder-woman-gal-gadot/ |title=Huawei launches unlocked Mate 10 Pro in US, backed by Wonder Woman |first=Matthew |last=Miller |date = January 10, 2018 |website = ZD Net }}</ref>

== History ==

=== Early years ===
During the 1980s, Chinese government tried to modernize the country's underdeveloped telecommunications infrastructure. A core component of the telecommunications network was telephone exchange switches, and in the late 1980s several Chinese research groups endeavored to acquire and develop the technology, usually through joint ventures with foreign companies.

[[Ren Zhengfei]], a former deputy director of the [[People's Liberation Army]] engineering corp, founded Huawei in 1987 in [[Shenzhen]]. Rather than relying on joint ventures to secure technology transfers from foreign companies, which were often reluctant to transfer their most advanced technologies to Chinese firms, Ren sought to [[reverse-engineering|reverse engineer]] foreign technologies with local researchers. At a time when all of China's telecommunications technology was imported from abroad, Ren hoped to build a domestic Chinese telecommunication company that could compete with, and ultimately replace, foreign competitors.<ref>Peilei Fan, "Catching Up through Developing Innovation Capacity: Evidence from China's Telecom Equipment
Industry," Technovation 26 (2006): 359–368</ref>

The company reports that it had [[RMB]] 21,000 in registered capital at the time of its founding. The ''[[Far Eastern Economic Review]]'' also reported that it received an $8.5 million loan from a state-owned bank, though the company has denied the existence of the loan.<ref name="CSIS" /><ref name="FEAR">{{cite journal |last1=Gilley|first1=Bruce |title = Huawei's Fixed Line to Beijing |journal=Far Eastern Economic Review |date = 28 December 2000|pages=94–98}}</ref>

During its first several years the company's business model consisted mainly of reselling [[private branch exchange]] (PBX) switches imported from Hong Kong. Meanwhile, it was reverse-engineering imported switches and investing heavily in research and development to manufacture its own technologies.<ref name=CSIS/> By 1990 the company had approximately 600 R&D staff, and began its own independent commercialization of PBX switches targeting hotels and small enterprises.<ref name="Huawei-milestones">{{cite web|url=http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/corporate-info/milestone/index.htm |title=Milestones |publisher=Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160709205444/http://www1.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/corporate-info/milestone/index.htm |archivedate= 9 July 2016 |df= }}</ref>

The company's first major breakthrough came in 1993, when it launched its C&C08 program controlled telephone switch. It was by far the most powerful switch available in China at the time. By initially deploying in small cities and rural areas and placing emphasis on service and customizability, the company gained market share and made its way into the mainstream market.<ref name="Business-Today">{{cite news |title=Huawei Technologies: A Chinese Trail Blazer In Africa |author1=Christine Chang |author2=Amy Cheng |author3=Susan Kim |author4=Johanna Kuhn Osius |author5=Jesus Reyes |author6=Daniel Turgel |url = http://www.businesstoday.lk/article.php?article=931 |newspaper=Business Today |year=2009 }}</ref> The company also developed collusive joint venture relationships with local authorities, whereby it would provide "dividends" to the local officials in exchange for their using Huawei products in the network. Ahrens writes that these methods were "unorthodox, bordering on corrupt," but not illegal.<ref name=CSIS/>

Huawei also gained a key contract to build the first national telecommunications network for the [[People's Liberation Army]], a deal one employee described as "small in terms of our overall business, but large in terms of our relationships".<ref name=FEAR/> In 1994, founder Ren Zhengfei had a meeting with Party General Secretary [[Jiang Zemin]], telling him that "switching equipment technology was related to national security, and that a nation that did not have its own switching equipment was like one that lacked its own military." Jiang reportedly agreed with this assessment.<ref name=CSIS/>

Another major turning point for the company came in 1996, when the government in Beijing adopted an explicit policy of supporting domestic telecommunications manufacturers and restricting access to foreign competitors. Huawei was promoted by both the government and the military as a [[National champions|national champion]], and established new research and development offices.<ref name=CSIS/>

===Foreign expansion===
[[File:Huawei Voorburg.jpg|thumb|Huawei office in [[Voorburg]], [[Netherlands]]]]
[[File:HuaweiCanada7.jpg|thumb|Huawei office in [[Markham, Ontario|Markham]], [[Ontario]], Canada]]
In 1997, Huawei won a contract to provide fixed-line network products to Hong Kong company [[Hutchison Whampoa]].<ref name=Business-Today/> Later that year, Huawei launched its wireless [[GSM]]-based products and eventually expanded to offer [[CDMA]] and [[UMTS]]. In 1999, the company opened a research and development (R&D) center in [[Bangalore]], India to develop a wide range of telecom software.<ref name=Huawei-milestones/> From 1998 to 2003, Huawei contracted with [[IBM]] for management consulting, and transformed its management and product development structure.{{Vague|date=November 2018}}{{Citation needed|date=November 2018}} After 2000, Huawei increased its speed of expansion into overseas markets, having achieved foreign sales of more than US$100 million by 2000<ref name="Bloomberg-April-2011">{{cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-04-17/huawei-technologies-profit-rises-30-led-by-higher-international-sales.html|title=Huawei Technologies Profit Rises 30%, Led by Higher International Sales|date=17 April 2011|newspaper=Bloomberg News}}</ref> and establishing an R&D center in [[Stockholm]], Sweden. In 2001, Huawei established four R&D centers in the United States, divested non-core subsidiary Avansys to [[Emerson Electric Company|Emerson]] for US$750 million and joined the [[International Telecommunications Union]] (ITU).<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/weekly/2011-09/09/content_13655416.htm|title=Huawei longs for breakthrough in US|last=|first=|date=|website=China Daily|access-date=2018-08-31}}</ref> By 2002, Huawei's foreign market sales had reached US$552 million.<ref name=Huawei-milestones/>

In 2004 Huawei continued its overseas expansion with a contract to build a third-generation network for [[Telfort]], the Dutch mobile operator.<ref name=Huawei-milestones/> This contract, valued at more than $US25 million, was the first such contract for the company in Europe.<ref>{{cite news |title=Huawei wins 3G contract from Telfort |author=Alexandra Harney |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/7b42f14e-4a0a-11d9-b065-00000e2511c8.html |newspaper=Financial Times |date=9 December 2004 }}</ref>

In 2005, Huawei's foreign contract orders exceeded its domestic sales for the first time. Huawei signed a Global Framework Agreement with [[Vodafone]]. This agreement marked the first time a telecommunications equipment supplier from China had received Approved Supplier status from Vodafone Global Supply Chain. The agreement established the terms and conditions for the supply of Huawei's solutions to any one of the Vodafone operating companies worldwide.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/newsroom/press-release/hw-088626-news.htm |title=Huawei Becomes an Approved Supplier for Vodafone's Global Supply Chain |date=20 November 2005 |publisher=Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd |access-date=24 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724093834/http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/newsroom/press-release/hw-088626-news.htm |archive-date=24 July 2011 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Huawei also signed a contract with [[British Telecom]] (BT) for the deployment of its multi-service access network ([[MSAN]]) and Transmission equipment for BT's [[BT 21CN|21st Century Network]] (21CN), providing BT and the UK telecommunications industry with some infrastructure necessary to support future growth as these companies are multi vendor infrastructure.<ref>{{cite news |title=Huawei Picked for BT's 21CN |url=http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=72970 |newspaper=Light Reading |date=25 April 2005 }}</ref>

In May 2008, Huawei and [[Optus]] developed a mobile innovation centre in Sydney, Australia, providing facilities for engineers to develop new wireless and mobile broadband concepts into "ready for market" products.<ref>{{cite news |title=Optus opens up mobile research shop with Huawei |author=Marcus Browne |url=http://www.zdnet.com.au/optus-opens-up-mobile-research-shop-with-huawei-339289117.htm |newspaper=ZDNet Australia |date=20 May 2008 }}</ref> In 2008, the company embarked on its first large-scale commercial deployment of [[UMTS]]/ [[High Speed Packet Access|HSPA]] in North America providing [[TELUS]]'s new next generation wireless network and [[Bell Canada]] with high-speed mobile access.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chinesestock.org/show.aspx?id=23595&cid=11 |title=China's Huawei to build UMTS/HSPA networks for Telus, Bell Canada |author=XFN-ASIA |date=21 October 2008 |publisher=Chinese stock information |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120314192212/http://www.chinesestock.org/show.aspx?id=23595&cid=11 |archivedate=14 March 2012 |df= }}</ref>

Huawei delivered one of the world's first [[3GPP Long Term Evolution|LTE]]/EPC commercial networks for [[TeliaSonera]] in Oslo, Norway in 2009. The company launched the world's first end-to-end 100G solution{{buzzword inline|date=January 2019}} from routers to transmission system that same year, to help meet the rapid growth of network traffic and enhance router efficiency and reliability.<ref name=Huawei-milestones/>

In July 2010, Huawei was included in the [[Fortune Global 500|Global Fortune 500]] 2010 list published by the U.S. magazine ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'' for the first time, on the strength of annual sales of US$21.8 billion and net profit of US$2.67 billion.<ref>{{cite news |title=397. Huawei Technologies |url=http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/global500/2010/snapshots/11397.html |newspaper=Fortune |date=26 July 2010 }}</ref> In late 2010 it was reported that Huawei is planning to invest around US$500 million (Rs 2,200 crore) to set up a telecom equipment manufacturing facility in [[Tamil Nadu]], India and $US100 million to expand its R&D center in Bangalore.<ref>{{cite news |title=Huawei plans to invest $500 mn in Tamil Nadu |url=http://business.rediff.com/report/2010/oct/19/tech-huawei-plans-to-invest-usd-500-mn-in-tamil-nadu.htm |newspaper=Refiff Business |date=19 October 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Huawei plans new R&D centre |url=http://www.deccanherald.com/content/69123/huawei-plans-rampd-centre.html |newspaper=Deccan Herald |date=12 May 2011 }}</ref>

In October 2012, it was announced that Huawei would move its UK headquarters to [[Green Park Business Park|Green Park]], [[Reading, Berkshire]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.readingchronicle.co.uk/news/roundup/articles/2012/10/10/63373-reading-move-for-chinese-communication-giant/ |title=Reading move for Chinese communication giant / Reading Chronicle / News / Roundup |publisher=Readingchronicle.co.uk |accessdate=2012-10-12}}</ref> The company also, in an effort to increase its prominence in the United States, became the main sponsor of the [[Jonas Brothers]]' 2013 summer tour.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-17852_3-57578685-71/huawei-and-the-jonas-brothers-a-match-made-in-paradise/|title=Huawei and the Jonas Brothers: A match made in paradise?|work=[[CNET]]|date=2013-04-29}}</ref>

In September 2013, Huawei opened a new Canadian office in [[Regina, Saskatchewan]]—Huawei had collaborated with the local carrier [[SaskTel]] to build its [[HSPA+]] and LTE networks. The company also announced that SaskTel would carry its new Ascend Y300 smartphone.<ref name=lp-huaweiregina>{{cite web|title=Huawei opens Regina office, launches new smartphone |url=https://leaderpost.com/technology/Huawei+opens+Regina+office+launches+smartphone/8954460/story.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130925193936/http://www.leaderpost.com/technology/Huawei+opens+Regina+office+launches+smartphone/8954460/story.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=25 September 2013 |work=Leader Post |publisher=Postmedia Network |accessdate=1 October 2013 }}</ref>

In October 2013, Huawei was selected by [[TDC A/S]] as a sole vendor to modernize the nationwide GSM/UMTS/LTE network in Denmark and provide managed services over a six-year period. The value of the contract is over $700 million over the term of the agreement.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pr.huawei.com/en/news/hw-311245-tdc.htm |title=TDC and Huawei Contract |publisher=Huawei |accessdate=2014-03-24}}</ref>
Huawei is the number one Telecom Vendor in the world {{as of|2018|lc=y}}.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.caixinglobal.com/2018-03-19/huawei-now-worlds-largest-telecom-equipment-maker-101223256.html|title=Huawei Now World's Largest Telecom Equipment-Maker – Caixin Global|website=www.caixinglobal.com|language=en|access-date=2018-06-28}}</ref>

In 2014, Huawei recorded a profit of 34.2 billion CNY (US$5.5 billion).<ref>{{cite web|title=Huawei Financial Results |url=http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/corporate-info/financial/index.htm |publisher=Huawei |date=31 December 2014 |accessdate=28 July 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150803223143/http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/corporate-info/financial/index.htm |archivedate= 3 August 2015 |df= }}</ref>

In September 2017, Huawei created a [[NarrowBand IOT]] city-aware network using a "one network, one platform, N applications" construction model utilizing [[Internet of things|IoT]], [[cloud computing]], [[big data]], and other next-generation [[information and communications technology]], it also aims to be one of the world's five largest cloud players in the near future.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Bridgwater|first1=Adrian|title=Huawei CEO Ambitions: We Will Be One Of Five Major 'World Clouds'|url=https://www.forbes.com/sites/adrianbridgwater/2017/09/05/huawei-ceo-ambitions-we-will-be-one-of-five-major-world-clouds/|work=Forbes|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Huawei Creates the "Nervous System" of Smart Cities and Launches IoT City Demo Based on NB-IoT with Weifang|url=http://www.asiaone.com/business/huawei-creates-the-nervous-system-of-smart-cities-and-launches-iot-city-demo-based-on-nbiot|work=AsiaOne}}</ref>

===Investment and partnerships===
Huawei has focused on expanding its mobile technology and networking solutions{{buzzword inline|date=January 2019}} through a number of partnerships. In March 2003, Huawei and [[3Com Corporation]] formed a joint venture company, 3Com-Huawei (H3C), which focused on the [[R&D]], production and sales of data networking products. The company later divested a 49% stake in H3C for US$880 million in 2006. In 2005, Huawei began a joint venture with [[Siemens]], called TD Tech, for developing [[3G]]/ [[TD-SCDMA]] mobile communication technology products. The US$100 million investment gave the company a 49% stake in the venture, while Siemens held a 51% stake.<ref name=Huawei-milestones/> In 2007, after Nokia and Siemens co-founded [[Nokia Siemens Networks]], Siemens transferred all shares it held in TD Tech to Nokia Siemens Networks. At present, Nokia Siemens Networks and Huawei hold 51% and 49% shares of TD Tech respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.td-tech.com/en/dq/about.jsp |title=About TD Tech |publisher=TD Tech Ltd. |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130324003834/http://www.td-tech.com/en/dq/about.jsp |archivedate=24 March 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

In 2006, Huawei established a Shanghai-based joint R&D center with [[Motorola]] to develop [[UMTS]] technologies.<ref name=Huawei-milestones/> Later that year, Huawei also established a joint venture with Telecom Venezuela, called Industria Electronica Orinoquia, for research and development and sale of telecommunications terminals. Telecom Venezuela holds a 65% stake while Huawei holds the remaining 35% stake.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.correodelorinoco.gob.ve/tema-dia/presidente-chavez-inauguro-industria-electronica-orinoquia/ |title=Presidente Chávez inauguró la Industria Electrónica Orinoquia |date=22 May 2010 |work=Correo del Orinoco |access-date=24 May 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110725164939/http://www.correodelorinoco.gob.ve/tema-dia/presidente-chavez-inauguro-industria-electronica-orinoquia/ |archive-date=25 July 2011 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Huawei and American security firm [[Symantec]] announced in May 2007 the formation of a joint-venture company to develop security and storage solutions{{buzzword inline|date=January 2019}} to market to telecommunications carriers. Huawei initially owned 51% of the new company, named [[Huawei Symantec]] Inc. while Symantec owned the rest. The joint venture was based in [[Chengdu]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Huawei, Symantec form joint venture |author=Brett Winterford |url=http://www.zdnet.com.au/huawei-symantec-form-joint-venture-339277674.htm |newspaper=ZDNet Australia |date=22 May 2007 }}</ref> In March, 2012, Symantec announced the sale of its portion of the joint venture to Huawei.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.symantec.com/about/news/release/article.jsp?prid=20120330_01 |title=Symantec Completes Sale of Huawei Symantec Joint Venture to Huawei |publisher=Symantec |date=2012-03-30 |accessdate=2013-06-22}}</ref>

[[Grameenphone]] Ltd. and Huawei won the Green Mobile Award at the [[GSMA]] Mobile Awards 2009.<ref>{{cite news |title=GP, Huawei win 'Green Mobile Award' |url=http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/more.php?news_id=85197 |newspaper=The Financial Express |date=24 November 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111001124648/http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/more.php?news_id=85197 |archivedate=1 October 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In March 2009, the [[Wimax]] Forum announced four new members to its Board of Directors including Thomas Lee, the Vice Director of the Industry Standards Department at Huawei.<ref>{{cite news |title=Clearwire, Comcast, Huawei and ITRI join WiMAX Forum Board of Directors |url=http://www.goingwimax.com/clearwire-comcast-huawei-and-itri-join-wimax-forum-board-of-directors-4126/ |newspaper=WiMax News |date=8 April 2009 }}</ref>

In 2008, Huawei launched a joint venture with UK-based marine engineering company, Global Marine Systems, to deliver undersea network equipment and related services.<ref>{{cite news |title=Huawei, Global Marine Systems in telecom JV |author=Wang Xing |url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/bizchina/2008-12/18/content_7319164.htm |newspaper=China Daily |date=18 December 2008 }}</ref>

In 2016, beginning with the [[Huawei P9]], Huawei began a co-engineering partnership with German camera manufacturer [[Leica Camera|Leica]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2016/4/26/11507260/leica-phone-huawei-p9-no|title=There is no such thing as a Leica phone|work=The Verge|access-date=2018-11-13}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.engadget.com/2017/04/07/huawei-p10-review/|title=Huawei finally has a phone worthy of the Leica brand|work=Engadget|access-date=2018-11-13|language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2017, Huawei began helping [[BYD Auto|BYD]] build a standardized, smart factory.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://technode.com/2018/01/08/huawei-goes-unmanned-driving-byds-monorail/|title=Huawei goes into unmanned driving with BYD's monorail|last=|first=|date=2018-01-08|work=TechNode|access-date=2018-06-28|language=en-US}}</ref>

===Recent performance===
In April 2011, Huawei announced an earnings increase of 30% in 2010, driven by significant growth in overseas markets, with net profit rising to [[RMB]]23.76 billion (US$3.64 billion; £2.23 billion) from RMB18.27 billion in 2009.<ref>{{cite news |title=Huawei ups earnings on 'significant overseas growth' |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-13111764 |newspaper=BBC News |date=17 April 2011 }}</ref> In 2010 sales outside China continued to be the main driver of Huawei's business. Overseas revenue rose 34% to RMB120.41 billion in 2010 from RMB90.02 billion in 2009, fueled by regions including North America and Russia. Revenues from China rose 9.7% to RMB64.77 billion, as the country's big [[telecommunication|telecom]] operators reduced their investment last year.<ref name="WSJ-April-2011">{{cite news |title=Huawei Discloses Directors |author=Owen Fletcher |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB13747303878 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |date=18 April 2011 }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

Huawei's revenues in 2010 accounted for 15.7% of the $78.56 billion global carrier-network-infrastructure market, putting the company second behind the 19.6% share of Telefon AB L.M. [[Ericsson]], according to market-research firm [[Gartner]].<ref name=WSJ-April-2011/>

Huawei is targeting a revenue of $150 million through its enterprise business products in India in the next 12 months. It denied using Chinese subsidies to gain global market share after being recently accused by US lawmakers and EU officials of unfair competition at best.<ref>{{Cite news| url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international-business/huawei-denies-using-chinese-subsidies-to-grab-more-business/articleshow/14354717.cms | title= Huawei denies using Chinese subsidies to grab more business| date=18 June 2012 }} {{Dead link|date=April 2014|bot=RjwilmsiBot}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| url= http://www.thehindu.com/business/Industry/article3501816.ece| title=Huawei eyes $150 m sale in enterprise biz | date=8 June 2012 | location=Chennai, India| work=The Hindu}}</ref>

Huawei closes 2018 with 200 million smartphones sold.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geekytips.co.uk/news/huawei-2018-200-million-smartphones-sold/|title=Huawei closes 2018 with 200 million smartphones sold|date=2018-12-30|website=Geeky Tips|language=en-US|access-date=2019-01-01}}</ref> They reported that strong consumer demand for premium range smart phones helped the company reach consumer sales in excess of $52 billion in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-huawei-smartphone-chips/chinas-huawei-books-record-sales-in-its-smartphone-business-idUSKCN1PI08M|title=China's Huawei eyes smartphone supremacy this year after record 2018 sales|date=2018-01-25|website=Reuters|language=en-US|access-date=January 24, 2019}}</ref>

==Corporate affairs==
Huawei classifies itself as a "[[collective]]" and does not refer to itself as a private company. [[Richard McGregor]], author of ''[[The Party: The Secret World of China's Communist Rulers]]'', said that this is "a definitional distinction that has been essential to the company's receipt of state support at crucial points in its development".<ref name=McGregor204/> McGregor argued that "Huawei's status as a genuine collective is doubtful."<ref name=McGregor204/>

===Leadership===
[[Ren Zhengfei]] is the president of Huawei and has held the title since 1987.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/corporate-info/annual-report/annual-report-2010/corporate-governance-report/index.htm |title=Huawei Annual Report 2010: Corporate Governance Report |work=Huawei.com |accessdate=2 June 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724093851/http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/corporate-info/annual-report/annual-report-2010/corporate-governance-report/index.htm |archivedate=24 July 2011 |df= }}</ref> Huawei disclosed its list of board of directors for the first time in 2010. Ms. Sun Yafang is board chair. {{As of|2011}}, the members of the board<ref name="Directors-2010">{{cite news |title=Huawei Discloses Directors |first=Owen |last=Fletcher |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB13747303878 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |date=18 April 2011 |accessdate=2 June 2011 }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> are Ms. Sun Yafang,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://investing.businessweek.com/research/stocks/private/person.asp?personId=26667397&privcapId=1259829&previousCapId=1259829&previousTitle=Huawei%20Technologies%20Co.,%20Ltd. |title=Executive Profile Yafang Sun |work=Bloomberg Businessweek |accessdate=2 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.weforum.org/contributors/sun-yafang |title=Sun Yafang |work=World Economic Forum |accessdate=2 June 2011 }}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> Guo Ping, Xu Zhijun, Hu Houkun,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.weforum.org/contributors/ken-hu?fo=1 |title=Ken Hu |work=World Economic Forum |accessdate=2 June 2011}}</ref> Ren Zhengfei,<ref>{{cite news |url=https://blogs.forbes.com/robertolsen/2011/02/24/huaweis-open-letter-to-u-s-investigators/ |title=Huawei's Open Letter to U.S. Investigators |last1=Olsen |first1=Robert |date=24 February 2011 |work=Forbes |accessdate=2 June 2011}}</ref> Xu Wenwei, Li Jie, Ding Yun, Meng Wanzhou, Chen Lifang,<ref>{{cite news |title=Huawei opens up its board to scrutiny |first=Kathrin |last=Hille |url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/6782c6ea-6941-11e0-9040-00144feab49a.html |newspaper=Financial Times |date=17 April 2011 |accessdate=2 June 2011}}</ref> Wan Biao, Zhang Pingan, and Yu Chengdong.<ref name=Directors-2010/> The members of the Supervisory Board are Liang Hua, Peng Zhiping, Ren Shulu, Tian Feng, and Deng Biao.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.telecomseurope.net/content/huawei-appoints-new-directors |title=Huawei appoints new directors |date=27 April 2011 |work=Telecomseurope.net |accessdate=2 June 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531122243/http://www.telecomseurope.net/content/huawei-appoints-new-directors |archivedate=31 May 2011 |df= }}</ref> Richard Yu Chengdong is the Chairman of Huawei Device, its mobile phone division.<ref name="gsminsider.com">{{cite news |url=http://gsminsider.com/2013/07/colin-giles-joins-huawei/ |title=Former Nokia Exec Colin Giles Joins Huawei As Executive Vice President of Consumer Business |last1=Xiang |first1=Liu |date=1 July 2013 |work=GSM Insider |accessdate=2 July 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130707172306/http://gsminsider.com/2013/07/colin-giles-joins-huawei/ |archivedate=7 July 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> On 1 July 2013, Huawei Device announced former head of Nokia Colin Giles joined the company as Executive Vice President of Consumer Business.<ref name="gsminsider.com"/>

===Ownership===
Officially, Huawei is an employee-owned company, a fact the company emphasizes to distance itself from allegations of government control.<ref name=CSIS/> What "employee-owned" means in practice at Huawei, however, is quite complex—so much so that according to the Chinese media company [[Caixin]], "even longtime employees admit the [employee shareholding] system is nearly impossible to understand."<ref>{{cite news|last1=Zhao|first1=Hejuan|title=Why Huawei Doesn't Get Its Way|url=http://english.caixin.com/2010-08-11/100169742.html|agency=Caixin|date=11 August 2010|accessdate=7 April 2016}}</ref>

Ren retains a direct 1.42 percent share of the company. The remainder of the shares is held by "a trade union committee tied to the affiliate Shenzhen Huawei Investment Holding Co."<ref name=Zhao>{{cite news|last1=Zhao|first1=Hejuan|title=Staff Churn Stirs Huawei's Management Circle|url=http://english.caixin.com/2010-11-02/100194766.html|agency=Caixin|date=11 August 2010|accessdate=7 April 2016}}</ref> This body represents Huawei's employee shareholders. About 64 percent of Huawei staff participate in this scheme (approximately 61,000 Chinese employees; the 50,000-plus foreign employees are not eligible<ref>{{cite news|last1=Barfield |first1=Claude |title=Telecoms and the Huawei Conundrum |url=http://www.aei.org/article/telecoms-and-the-huawei-conundrum/ |agency=American Enterprise Institute |date=5 November 2011 |accessdate=7 April 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160421020827/http://www.aei.org/article/telecoms-and-the-huawei-conundrum/ |archivedate=21 April 2016 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>), and hold what the company calls "virtual restricted shares". These shares are nontradable and are allocated to reward performance.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Mackie|title=Innovation in China}}</ref> When employees leave Huawei, their shares revert to the company, which compensates them for their holding.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Saarinen|first1=Juha|title=Analysis: Who Really Owns Huawei?|url=http://www.itnews.com.au/Tools/Print.aspx?CIID=175946|agency=IT News|date=28 May 2010|accessdate=7 April 2016}}</ref> Although employee shareholders receive dividends, it is reported that they have no information on their holding.<ref name=Zhao/>

Employees' shares do not entitle them to any voice in management decisions.{{citation needed|date=April 2016}} Richard McGregor, author of ''The Party: The Secret World of China's Communist Rulers'', claimed that the majority of shares are likely owned by [[Ren Zhengfei]] and Ren's managers, though the company states Ren directly owns less than 1.5%.<ref name=McGregor204/>

== Partners and customers ==
{{As of | 2010 | alt = As of the beginning of 2010}}, approximately 80% of the world's top 50 telecoms companies had worked with Huawei.<ref name="RCR">{{cite web|url=http://www.rcrwireless.com/ARTICLE/20100205/INFRASTRUCTURE/100209979/huawei-qa-95000-employees-and-growing |title=Huawei Q&A: 95,000 employees and growing |last1=Mucci |first1=Jeff |last2= |first2= |date=5 February 2010 |work=RCR Wireless |accessdate=21 June 2011 }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
</ref>
Prominent partners include:

* [[BT Group|BT]]<ref>[http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=72970 Huawei Picked for BT's 21CN]. Light Reading. 28 April 2005.</ref>
* [[Vodafone]]<ref>[http://news.zdnet.com/2100-1035_22-6039786.html Vodafone, Huawei sign deal for 3G handsets]. ZDNet News. 15 February 2006. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070516094108/http://news.zdnet.com/2100-1035_22-6039786.html |date=16 May 2007 }}</ref><ref>[http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=84629 Huawei Meets Vodafone's Needs]. Light Reading. 22 November 2005.</ref>
* [[Motorola]]<ref>[http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/chi-nov12,0,323952.story Motorola exec's domain is profitable, if not sexy]{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}. ''Chicago Tribune''. 12 November 2006.</ref><ref>[http://english.people.com.cn/200611/16/eng20061116_322001.html Huawei wins first major German deal]. China Daily. 16 November 2006.</ref>
* [[Orange S.A.|Orange]]<ref>[https://www.forbes.com/technology/feeds/afx/2007/02/01/afx3383765.html France Telecom adds China's Huawei to pool of UMTS equipment suppliers – report]. AFX News Limited. 1 February 2007. {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070204043238/http://www.forbes.com/technology/feeds/afx/2007/02/01/afx3383765.html |date=4 February 2007 }}</ref>
* [[T-Mobile]]
* [[TalkTalk Group|TalkTalk]]
* [[Portugal Telecom]]
* [[Cox Communications]]
* [[Bell Canada]]<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.itworldcanada.com/article/bell-teams-up-with-huawei-to-successfully-test-5g-in-ontario/402249|title=Bell teams up with Huawei to successfully test 5G in Ontario|work=IT World Canada|access-date=2018-03-20|language=en-US}}</ref>
* [[Ptcl|PTCL]]
* [[PLDT]]<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.telecompaper.com/news/pldts-smart-partners-with-huawei-to-transform-mobile-services-delivery--1226255|title=PLDT&#39;s Smart partners with Huawei to transform mobile services delivery|website=www.telecompaper.com|access-date=2018-01-04}}</ref>
* [[Clearwire]]<ref name=RCR/>

In May 2011 Huawei won a contract with [[EE Limited]], the UK's biggest telecom company, to enhance its 2G network. The four-year deal represents Huawei's first mobile network deal in the UK.<ref name="MobileMag">{{cite web |url= http://www.mobiletoday.co.uk/News/11445/Huawei_clinches_Everything_Everywhere_network_upgrade_deal.aspx |title=Huawei clinches Everything Everywhere network upgrade deal |last1=Millet |first1=Carol |last2= |first2= |date=9 May 2011 |work=Mobile Magazine |accessdate=21 June 2011}}</ref>

==Products and services==
Huawei is organized around three core business segments:

# Telecom Carrier Networks, building telecommunications networks and services
# Enterprise Business, providing equipment, software and services to enterprise customers, e.g. Government Solutions<ref>[[Huawei 4G eLTE]]</ref> etc.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Huawei Enterprise ICT Solutions, A Better Way|url = http://enterprise.huawei.com/|website = enterprise.huawei.com|accessdate = 2015-10-28}}</ref>
# Devices, manufacturing electronic communications devices<ref name="Computerworld"/>

Huawei announced its Enterprise business in January, 2011 to provide network infrastructure, [[Landline|fixed]] and [[wireless]] communication, [[data center]], and [[cloud computing]] solutions{{buzzword inline|date=January 2019}} for global telecommunications customers.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huawei.com/ilink/en/about-huawei/newsroom/press-release/HW_089740 |title=Huawei Reports FY10 Revenues of CNY185.2 Billion, Up 24.2%; Net Profit of CNY23.8 Billion, Up 30.0% |date=18 April 2011 |work=Huawei |accessdate=21 June 2011}}</ref> Huawei has stated that it aims to increase enterprise sales to US$4 billion in 2011 and $15 billion within three to five years.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.totaltele.com/view.aspx?C=0&ID=463123 |title=Huawei has high hopes for enterprise business |last1=Vitorovich |first1=Lilly |last2=Neal |first2=Molly |date=9 March 2011 |work=Total Telecom |accessdate=21 June 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928124136/http://www.totaltele.com/view.aspx?C=0&ID=463123 |archivedate=28 September 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Huawei: Protectionism Hits Revenue Growth |first=Loretta |last=Chao |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB13956933172 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |date=28 April 2011 |accessdate=21 June 2011 }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

In 2016, Huawei enterprise business group launched a new marketing slogan defining its position for the enterprise market, "Leading [[New ICT]], Building a Better Connected World" at CeBIT 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.huawei.com/en/news/2016/3/Huawei-Announces-Leading-New-ICT|title=Huawei Announces Leading New ICT to Build a Better Connected World-huawei press center|website=huawei|access-date=2016-04-20}}</ref>

===Telecom networks===
Huawei offers a variety of network technologies and solutions{{buzzword inline|date=January 2019}} to help telecommunications operators expand the capacity of their mobile broadband networks. Huawei's core network solutions{{buzzword inline|date=January 2019}} offer mobile and fixed [[softswitch]]es, plus next-generation [[Network switching subsystem#Home location register|home location register]] and [[IP Multimedia Subsystem|Internet Protocol Multimedia Subsystems]] (IMS). Huawei assists content service providers looking to migrate from copper to fiber with solutions{{buzzword inline|date=January 2019}} that support [[Digital Subscriber Line|xDSL]], [[passive optical network]] (PON) and next-generation PON (NG PON) on a single platform. The company also offers mobile infrastructure, broadband access and service provider routers and switches (SPRS). Huawei's software products include [[service delivery platform]]s (SDPs), BSSs, [[Rich Communication Suite]] and digital home and mobile office solutions{{buzzword inline|date=January 2019}}.<ref name="Company Information">{{cite web|url=http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/corporate-info/annual-report/annual-report-2010/Information-on-the-company/index.htm |title=Information on the Company |work=Huawei |accessdate=21 June 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724093927/http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/corporate-info/annual-report/annual-report-2010/Information-on-the-company/index.htm |archivedate=24 July 2011 |df= }}</ref> Huawei announced that it jointly conducted successful 5G tests with [[Telenor]] with speed reached up to 70 Gbit/s in a controlled lab environment.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.paktechinfo.com/telenor-and-huawei-conduct-successful-test-of-5g-demo-in-norway/|title=Telenor and Huawei Conduct Successful Test of 5G with 70 Gbps Speeds|last=|first=|date=|website=PakTechInfo|access-date=4 April 2017}}</ref> In 2010, 4G began replacing 3G and increased mobile data transmission speeds tenfold. In the era of 5G, the speeds of transmitting mobile data are expected to be 100 times faster than the 4G.<ref>{{cite news |title = 5G an opportunity for China to take lead in next tech evolution |url =http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201803/06/WS5a9dcc86a3106e7dcc13fb90.html |date=6 March 2018 }} ''CHINADAILY''. Retrieved 15 March 2018.</ref>

===Global services===
Huawei Global Services provides telecommunications operators with equipment to build and operate networks as well as consulting and engineering services to improve operational efficiencies.<ref name=MobileMag/> These include [[system integration|network integration services]] such as those for mobile and fixed networks; [[assurance services]] such as network safety; and learning services, such as competency consulting.<ref name="Company Information"/>

In 2010, Huawei won 47 managed services contracts to help improve network performance and efficiency for customers, as well as reducing the costs of network operations and maintenance.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://acgresearch.blogspot.com/2011/05/huawei-conference-2011-acg-report.html |title=Huawei Conference 2011: An ACG Report
|date=3 May 2011 |work=ACG Research |accessdate=21 June 2011}}</ref> In 2010 Huawei's global services revenues grew 28.6% to US$4.82 billion.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.australianbusinessforum.com.au/_blog/ITmatters_Articles/post/Huawei_becomes_world's_number_two_telecom_company_by_revenue/ |title=Huawei becomes world's number two telecom company by revenue |date=4 May 2011 |work=Australian Business Forum |accessdate=21 June 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120203103246/http://www.australianbusinessforum.com.au/_blog/ITmatters_Articles/post/Huawei_becomes_world%27s_number_two_telecom_company_by_revenue/ |archivedate=3 February 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

{{advert|date=January 2019}}
At [[Hannover Messe]] 2018 Preview, Huawei announced it would showcase an array of innovative products and solutions{{buzzword inline|date=January 2019}} to drive digital industrial transformation. As a company which covers the global services, Huawei had teamed up with global partners such as [[GE]], [[SAP SE|SAP]], [[Deutsche Telekom]], and [[Honeywell]] to help manufacturers remodel the value chain of the industry, improve business models, and create new values based on [[Internet of things|IoT]], cloud, [[Big Data]], and other technologies. Huawei signed with [[Deutsche Post DHL]] which is the world's leading mail and logistics company about [[Memorandum of Understanding]] ([[MoU]]) to improve a series of supply chain solutions{{buzzword inline|date=January 2019}} for customers using industrial-grade IoT hardware and infrastructure in February 2017. Afterwards, in March 2017, Huawei declared that they would cooperate with [[Altair]] which is a simulation software provider leading global engineering, to jointly develop efficient, high-performance industrial simulation cloud solutions for customers. It was followed in April 2017 by the joint launch by Huawei and [[GE]] of the Industrial Cloud-based Predictive Maintenance Solution which had been recognized and applied by [[Schindler]], the leading elevator and escalator supplier in the world. Following that, in November 2017, Huawei announced a long-term partnership with [[Groupe PSA]] which was at the time the second largest car manufacturer which boasted multiple car brands under its umbrella, including [[Peugeot]] and [[Citroën]] in Europe. The partnership would see both companies collaborating in the IoV field to provide innovative mobility services and solutions to customers.<ref>{{cite web|title=Huawei to Showcase New ICT to Accelerate Digital Industrial Transformation at HANNOVER MESSE 2018 – Huawei News|url=http://e.huawei.com/uk/news/global/2018/201802071459|website=Huawei Enterprise|accessdate=15 March 2018}}</ref>

===Devices===
{{Multiple image
 | align     = right
 | direction = vertical
 | width     = 220
 | image1    = Huawei E220 HSDPA USB modem.jpg
 | caption1  = [[Huawei E220]] [[HSDPA]] [[USB]] [[modem]]
 | image2    = HUAWEI Ascend P6.jpg
 | caption2  = [[Huawei Ascend P6]]
 | image3    = Huawei Honor 6 MWC 2015.jpg
 | caption3  = Huawei [[Honor 6]]
 | image4    = Huawei Mate 7.jpg
 | caption4  = [[Huawei Ascend Mate7|Huawei Mate 7]]
}}
Huawei's Devices division provides [[white-label product]]s to content-service providers, including [[USB modem]]s, [[Modem#Radio modems|wireless modems]] and [[wireless router]]s for mobile Wi-Fi,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wired.co.uk/reviews/mobile-phones/2012-05/vodafone-mobile-wi-fi-r205|title=Vodafone Mobile Wi-Fi R205 review|work=Wired UK|accessdate=18 February 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://good3gmodem.en.made-in-china.com/product/GSWEuJHvVPkx/China-R206-Huawei-Wireless-Router.html|title=China R206 Huawei Wireless Router – China 4g Router, Huawei Router|work=Made-in-China.com|accessdate=18 February 2015}}</ref> [[Embedded System Module|embedded modules]], [[fixed wireless]] terminals, [[wireless gateway]]s, [[set-top box]]es, [[Mobile phone|mobile handsets]] and video products.<ref>Vendor Rating: Huawei. Gartner. 24 September 2010.</ref> Huawei also produces and sells a variety of devices under its own name, such as the IDEOS [[smartphone]]s, [[Tablet computer|tablet PCs]] and Huawei Smartwatch.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402160746/http://smartwatchcrunch.com/huawei-watch-probably-the-best-looking-android-smartwatch-so-far/|title=Huawei watch smartwatch classy smartwatch android wear android smartwatch|date=2 April 2015|website=web.archive.org}}</ref> In 2010, Huawei Devices shipped 120 million devices around the world.<ref name=Computerworld/> 30 million cell phones, of which 3.3 million units were smartphones, were shipped to markets such as Japan, the United States and Europe.<ref name="Reuters">{{cite news |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/2011/04/19/idINIndia-56424320110419 |title=INTERVIEW – Huawei makes aggressive push in consumer devices |last1=Chyen Yee |first1=Lee |last2= Yuntao |first2=Huang |date=19 April 2011 |agency=[[Reuters]] |accessdate=21 June 2011}}</ref>

==== History of Huawei phones ====
{{main|List of Huawei phones}}

In July 2003, Huawei established their handset department and by 2004, Huawei shipped their first phone, the C300. The U626 was Huawei's first 3G phone in June 2005 and In 2006, Huawei launched the first vodafone branded 3G handset, the V710. The U8220 was Huawei's first Android smartphone and was unveiled in [[Mobile World Congress|MWC]] 2009. At [[Consumer Electronics Show|CES]] 2012, Huawei introduced the Ascend range starting with the Ascend P1 S. At [[Mobile World Congress|MWC]] 2012, Huawei launched the Ascend D1. In September 2012, Huawei launched a 4G ready phone, the Ascend P1 LTE. At [[Consumer Electronics Show|CES]] 2013, Huawei launched the Ascend D2 and the Ascend Mate. At [[Mobile World Congress|MWC]] 2013, the Ascend P2 was launched as the world's first LTE Cat4 smartphone. In June 2013, Huawei launched the Ascend P6 and in December 2013, Huawei introduced [[Honor (brand)|Honor]] as a subsidiary independent brand in China. At [[Consumer Electronics Show|CES]] 2014, Huawei launched the Ascend Mate2 4G In 2014 and at [[Mobile World Congress|MWC]] 2014, Huawei launched the MediaPad X1 tablet and Ascend G6 4G smartphone. Other launched in 2014 included the Ascend P7 in May 2014, the Ascend Mate7, the Ascend G7 and the Ascend P7 Sapphire Edition as China's first 4G smartphone with a sapphire screen.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://consumer.huawei.com/my/about-us/|title=About Us Huawei {{!}} Our History, Heritage & Who We Are {{!}} {{!}} HUAWEI Malaysia|website=consumer.huawei.com|language=en-my|access-date=2018-04-01}}</ref>

In January 2015, Huawei discontinued the "Ascend" brand for its flagship phones, and launched the new [[Huawei P series|P series]] with the [[Huawei P8]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.trustedreviews.com/news/huawei-to-drop-ascend-smartphone-branding-2921440|title=Huawei to drop 'Ascend' smartphone branding {{!}} Trusted Reviews|date=2015-01-19|work=Trusted Reviews|access-date=2018-04-01|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.gsmarena.com/huawei_is_retiring_the_ascend_brand_for_future_devices-news-10822.php|title=Huawei is retiring the Ascend brand for future devices|work=GSMArena.com|access-date=2018-04-01|language=en-US}}</ref> Huawei also partnered with Google to build the [[Nexus 6P]] in 2015.

The current models in the P and Mate lines, the [[Huawei P20|P20, P20 Pro]], and [[Huawei Mate 20|Mate 20]], were released in 2018.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/mar/27/huawei-p20-pro-smartphone-three-cameras-full-body-screen|title=Huawei says three cameras are better than one with P20 Pro smartphone|last=Gibbs|first=Samuel|date=2018-03-27|website=the Guardian|language=en|access-date=2018-03-27}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.techradar.com/reviews/huawei-mate-20-pro-review|title=Huawei Mate 20 Pro Review|date=2018-10-25|website=Techradar|language=en|access-date=2018-10-31}}</ref>

====EMUI (Emotion User Interface)====
{{Main|Huawei EMUI}}

Emotion UI (EMUI) is a ROM/OS that is developed by Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. and is based on Google's [[Android (operating system)|Android]] Open Source Project (AOSP). EMUI is preinstalled on most Huawei Smartphone devices and its subsidiaries the Honor series.

'''Current EMUI version list:'''

* EMUI 1.x (based on Android "Ice Cream Sandwich" and "Jelly Bean" 4.0.x and 4.1.x – 4.3.x) (initial release)
* EMUI 2.x (based on Android "Ice Cream Sandwich", "Jelly Bean" and "KitKat" 4.0.x, 4.1.x – 4.3.x and 4.4.x) (minor UI tweak)
* EMUI 3.x (based on Android "KitKat" and "Lollipop" 4.4.x and 5.0.x – 5.1.x) (minor UI tweak)
* EMUI 4.x (based on Android "Marshmallow" 6.x)
* EMUI 5.x (based on Android "Nougat" 7.x)
* EMUI 8.x (based on Android "Oreo" 8.x)
* EMUI 9 (beta) (based on Android 9 Pie)

=== Tecal servers ===
[[File:HuaweiRH2288HV2.JPG|thumb|Huawei Tecal servers]]
*Series of Tecal BH620<ref name="Tecal">{{cite web|title=Security Notice-Statement on Multiple OpenSSL Vulnerabilities|url=http://www.huawei.com/uk/psirt/security-notices/2014/hw-343586|website=huawei|accessdate=15 March 2018}}</ref>
*Series of Tecal CH121<ref name="Tecal"/>
*Series of Tecal DH310<ref name="Tecal"/>
*Series of Tecal E6000<ref name="Tecal"/>
*Series of Tecal RH1285<ref name="Tecal"/>
*Series of Tecal X6000<ref name="Tecal"/>
*Series of Tecal XH310<ref name="Tecal"/>

=== Certifications ===
* ICT Infrastructure certification
* ICT Developer certification
* ICT vertical certification
* Sales Specialist certification
* Pre-sales Specialist certification
* Solution Specialist certification
* Field Specialist certification
* Customization Development certification<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://support.huawei.com/learning/NavigationAction!createNavi?navId=CERTIFICATE&lang=en|title=Huawei Training & Certification|website=support.huawei.com|access-date=2018-05-31}}</ref>

==Competitive position==
Huawei Technologies Co Ltd, is the world's largest telecom equipment maker<ref name="Economist" /><ref>{{cite news |title=Chinese telecom firms fight for rights |url=http://usa.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2011-05/11/content_12486416.htm |newspaper=China Daily USA |date=11 May 2011 |accessdate=7 June 2011}}</ref> and China's largest telephone-network equipment maker.<ref>{{cite news|title=Huawei Climbs 'Food Chain' in Cisco Enterprise Challenge |url=http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-05-09/huawei-climbs-food-chain-in-cisco-enterprise-challenge.html |newspaper=Businessweek |date=9 May 2011 |accessdate=7 June 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110514175812/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2011-05-09/huawei-climbs-food-chain-in-cisco-enterprise-challenge.html |archivedate=14 May 2011 |df= }}</ref> As of 2008, Huawei ranked first in terms of global market share in the mobile softswitches market,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.in-stat.com/press/08/softswitch.asp?ID=2313&sku=IN0804111SI |title=Mobile Softswitch 2008 Update: Big Growth, New Value |date=16 May 2008 |work=InStat |accessdate=8 June 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110928112956/http://www.in-stat.com/press/08/softswitch.asp?ID=2313&sku=IN0804111SI |archivedate=28 September 2011 |df= }}</ref> tied with Sony Ericsson for lead market share in mobile broadband cards by revenue,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.infonetics.com/pr/2009/4q08-mobile-broadband-cards-routers-market-research-highlights.asp |title=Recession isn't holding back mobile broadband subscribers |date=17 March 2009 |work=Infonetics Research |accessdate=8 June 2011}}</ref> ranked second in the optical hardware market,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://delivery.qmags.com/d/?sessionID=42F94390BECB942A72BB8B5E5&editionID=13736&platform=A |title=Hanging On |first=Anne |last=Morris |date=November 2008 |work=Total Telecom |format=PDF |page=18 |accessdate=8 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110814115740/http://delivery.qmags.com/d/?sessionID=42F94390BECB942A72BB8B5E5&editionID=13736&platform=A |archive-date=14 August 2011 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}</ref> stayed first in the IP DSLAM market,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.infonetics.com/pr/2009/Broadband-Aggregation-Hardware-Asia-Pacific-Market-Highlights.asp |title=China's appetite for broadband services creates world's largest broadband aggregation hardware market |date=20 July 2009 |work=Infonetics Research |accessdate=8 June 2011}}</ref> and ranked third in mobile network equipment.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.norway.cn/News_and_events/Business/Telecom/Huawei-Secures-Large-Telenor-Contract-in-Norway/ |title=Huawei Secures Large Telenor Contract in Norway |date=5 November 2009 |work=Norway.cn |accessdate=8 June 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111002184255/http://www.norway.cn/News_and_events/Business/Telecom/Huawei-Secures-Large-Telenor-Contract-in-Norway/ |archivedate=2 October 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In 2009, Huawei was ranked No. 2 in global market share for radio access equipment.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=206889 |title=Huawei Profits Climb 30% in 2010 |first=Michelle |last=Donegan |date=18 April 2011 |work=Light Reading Europe |accessdate=8 June 2011}}</ref> In addition, Huawei was the first vendor to launch end-to-end (E2E) 100G solutions, enabling operators to establish enhanced ultra-broadband networks, improving their service and simplifying their network architecture.<ref>{{cite press release |title=Huawei Launches World' s First End-to-End 100G Solutions |publisher=Huawei |date=30 September 2009 |url=http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/newsroom/press-release/hw-062645-corporate-ran-wnm-ran-wnp-ds-wisg-vs-win.htm |accessdate=8 June 2011 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/68wJIcQQ7?url=http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/newsroom/press-release/hw-062645-corporate-ran-wnm-ran-wnp-ds-wisg-vs-win.htm |archive-date=5 July 2012 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.zycko.com/news/live-news/article/huawei-unveils-worlds-first-e2e-100-g-solutions/ |title=Huawei unveils world's first E2E 100&nbsp;G solutions |date=1 October 2009 |work=Zycko |accessdate=8 June 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120323184003/http://www.zycko.com/news/live-news/article/huawei-unveils-worlds-first-e2e-100-g-solutions/ |archivedate=23 March 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

According to the [[World Intellectual Property Organization]] (WIPO) on 27 January 2009, Huawei was ranked as the largest applicant under WIPO's [[Patent Cooperation Treaty]] (PCT), with 1,737 applications published in 2008. Overall, the total number of international patent filings under WIPO's PCT for 2008 represents the highest number of applications received under the PCT in a single year and China improved its ranking by one place, to become the sixth largest user of the PCT, with 6,089 filings.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wipo.int/pressroom/en/articles/2009/article_0002.html |title=Global Economic Slowdown Impacts 2008 International Patent Filings
|date=27 January 2009 |work=World Intellectual Property Organization |accessdate=8 June 2011}}</ref> {{As of|2011|February|}}, Huawei has applied for 49,040 patents globally and has been granted 17,765 to date.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=204928 |title=Huawei's Open Letter to the US |date=24 February 2011 |work=Light Reading |accessdate=8 June 2011}}</ref> In 2014, Huawei became the world's No. 1 applicant for international patents in 2014, with 3,442 patents.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/03/19/us-huawei-patent-idUSKBN0MF17820150319 |title=China's Huawei leads international patent filings: WIPO |date=19 March 2015 |work=Reuters.com|publisher=[[Reuters]] |accessdate=20 March 2015}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20150320000137&cid=1204 |title=Telecom giants in China lead int'l patent filings in 2014: WIPO |date=2015-03-20 |work=Want China Times |accessdate=20 March 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402103738/http://www.wantchinatimes.com/news-subclass-cnt.aspx?id=20150320000137&cid=1204 |archivedate= 2 April 2015 |df= }}</ref>

===Marketing===
{{advert|date=January 2019}}
In 2018, Huawei announced that it would aim to help China achieve the [[Chinese Dream]] with their technologies, creating a digital China in the following years.<ref>{{cite news |title = The Chinese Dream and its future outcome |url =http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201803/15/WS5aa9cbcda3106e7dcc141c2c.html |date=15 March 2018 }} ''CHINADAILY''. Retrieved 15 March 2018.</ref> As a multinational enterprise Huawei also aims to create value{{buzzword inline|date=January 2019}} for their customers and the society. Therefore, Huawei {{clarify span|promotes [[digital transformation]]|reason=What does this actually mean?|date=January 2019}} in [[Egypt]], [[North Africa]]. [[Egypt]] was expected to be a good host of the digital platform which could later be extended to other{{clarify|reason=other than what? no city was mentioned so far |date=January 2019}} newly built cities nationwide, benefiting the government, society and businesses in North African region for Huawei.<ref>{{cite news |title = Huawei promotes digital transformation in Egypt, North Africa |url =http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/a/201712/08/WS5a2a2dd2a3101a51ddf8f46f.html |date=8 December 2017 }} ''CHINADAILY''. Retrieved 15 March 2018.</ref> The development of Huawei in [[North Africa]] did not mean that it had the ideal development in every other market in the world: for example, [[AT&T]], a giant [[US]] mobile carrier, announced that it was pulling out of a deal to sell the smartphones from Huawei in 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title = Will AT&T's call to drop Huawei end phone maker's US hopes? |url =https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2018/jan/13/huawei-china-american-atandt-deal-loss-end-us-ambitions-cyber-security-fears |date=13 January 2018 }} ''The Guardian''. Retrieved 15 March 2018.</ref>

====Digital marketing====
In 2017, Huawei created the first specialized marketing team outside China of digital marketers to boost its awareness in [[Europe]]. Paying more attention to the partnerships with the likes of Dazed Media for Project Possible and public relations campaigns rather than paid media was one of the most important part for Huawei in digital marketing. During the digital marketing campaign with [[Lionel Messi]], [[Robert Lewandowski]] and [[Scarlett Johansson]], the number of [[Public relations|PR]] campaigns has increased 300 percent in [[Western Europe]] in 2017, compared to the same period in the previous years.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Joseph|first1=Seb|title=Huawei is building its first digital marketing team in Europe|journal=[[Digiday]]|date=26 October 2017|url=https://digiday.com/marketing/huawei-building-first-digital-marketing-team-europe/}} Retrieved 15 March 2018.</ref>

===Sales===
Huawei's global contract sales for 2006 reached US$11 billion (a 34% increase from 2005), 65% of which came from overseas markets.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=116464 |title=Huawei Sales Hit $11B
|date=6 February 2007 |work=Light Reading |accessdate=8 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=150136 |title=Huawei Sets Bumper Sales Target
|date=3 April 2008 |work=Light Readin |accessdate=8 June 2011}}</ref> By the end of 2008, global contract sales of Huawei Technologies, China's largest telecoms gear maker, jumped 46 percent to US$23.3 billion.<ref name="reuters_com_46pct">{{cite news | url = http://uk.reuters.com/article/rbssTechMediaTelecomNews/idUKPEK1186920090107 |agency=Reuters | title=UPDATE 1-China Huawei 08 contract sales up 46 pct at $23.3 bln | date=7 January 2009}}</ref> Huawei experienced sales exceeding US$30 billion in 2009,<ref name=reuters_com_46pct /><ref>{{cite news |title=China's Huawei Gained Sales of Over USD30 Billion in 2009 |url=http://www.chinatechnews.com/2010/01/05/11324-chinas-huawei-gained-sales-of-over-usd30-billion-in-2009 |newspaper=China Tech News |date=5 January 2010 |accessdate=7 June 2011}}</ref> and global sales increased by 24 percent to 185.2 billion yuan in 2010.<ref>{{cite web |url= |title=Huawei 2010 Profit Gains 30% on Higher International Sales |date=17 April 2011 |work=Bloomberg |accessdate=8 June 2011}}</ref>

===Recognition===
Huawei Technologies was one of six telecom industry companies included in the World's Most Respected 200 Companies list compiled by [[Forbes]] magazine in May 2007.<ref>{{cite news |title=World's Most Respected Companies Complete Rankings |url=https://www.forbes.com/2007/05/21/reputation-institute-survey-lead-citizen-cx_sm_0521companies_table.html |work=Forbes |date=21 May 2007 |accessdate=7 June 2011}}</ref> In December 2008, ''BusinessWeek'' magazine included Huawei in their inaugural list of "The World's Most Influential Companies".<ref>{{cite news|title=The World's Most Influential Companies |first=Jenna |last=McGregor |url=http://www.businessweek.com/magazine/content/08_51/b4113.htm |newspaper=Businessweek |date=11 December 2008 |accessdate=7 June 2011 }}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>

In 2010 ''Fast Company'' ranked Huawei the fifth most innovative company in the world.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.financialexpress.com/news/huaweiranked5thmostinnovativefirm/596424/ |title=Huawei ranked 5th most innovative firm |publisher=Financialexpress.com |date=27 March 2010 |accessdate=30 October 2010}}</ref> The same year, Huawei received three honors at the Global Telecom Business Innovation Awards including "Green base station innovation", "Wholesale network innovation" and "Consumer voting innovation" awards with Vodafone, BT and TalkTalk, respectively.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.globaltelecomsbusiness.com/Article/2586518/Innovators-honoured-in-2010-GTB-Awards.html |title=Innovators honoured in 2010 GTB Awards |date=7 June 2010 |work=Global Telecoms Business |accessdate=8 June 2011}}</ref> In 2010 Frost & Sullivan recognized Huawei as the 2010 SDM Equipment Vendor of the Year<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/press-release.pag?docid=212927843 |title=Frost & Sullivan Recognizes Huawei as 2010 SDM Equipment Vendor of the Year |date=27 September 2010 |work=Frost & Sullivan |accessdate=8 June 2011}}</ref> and in the contact center application market with the 2010 Asia Pacific Growth Strategy Leadership Award.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.frost.com/prod/servlet/press-release.pag?docid=213428751|title=Exemplary Best Practices in Asia Pacific Honoured |date=18 October 2010 |work=Frost & Sullivan |accessdate=8 June 2011}}</ref> On 29 July 2010, Huawei was recognized by British Telecom with Best in Class 21CN Solution Maturity, Value, Service and Innovation award, for its innovation and contribution in 21CN and Next Generation Access project.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/corporate-info/annual-report/annual-report-2010/Information-on-the-company/index.htm |title=Company Profile |work=Huawei |accessdate=8 June 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110724093927/http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/corporate-info/annual-report/annual-report-2010/Information-on-the-company/index.htm |archivedate=24 July 2011 |df= }}</ref> Also in 2010 ''The Economist'' recognized Huawei with its Corporate Use of Innovation Award.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.economistconferences.co.uk/press-release/telecommunications-leads-way-corporate-innovation |title=Telecommunications leads the way in Corporate Innovation &#124; Economist Conferences UK |publisher=Economistconferences.co.uk |accessdate=30 October 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101030182058/http://economistconferences.co.uk/press-release/telecommunications-leads-way-corporate-innovation |archivedate=30 October 2010 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In May 2011 Huawei won two awards at the LTE World Summit 2011 for "Significant Progress for a Commercial Launch of LTE by a Vendor" and "Best LTE Network Elements". {{As of|2011|May|}}, Huawei has deployed over 100 [[Huawei SingleRAN|SingleRAN]] commercial networks, which are capable of evolving into LTE, and of those that have deployed SingleRAN networks, more than 40 operators have announced the launch or the imminent launch of distinct LTE services.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=63139 |title=Huawei Wins Two Awards at LTE World Summit 2011 |date=18 May 2011 |work=EFY Times |accessdate=8 June 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120318050708/http://www.efytimes.com/e1/fullnews.asp?edid=63139 |archive-date=18 March 2012 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Huawei has been described as "perhaps China's most globally successful company".<ref name=McGregor204>{{Cite book|author=McGregor, Richard|title=The Party: The Secret World of China's Communist Rulers|publisher=[[Harper Perennial]]|location= New York|year=2012|isbn=978-1-84614-173-7|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=TxchbfKHfhsC&printsec=frontcover&dq=The+Party#v=onepage&q=Huawei|page=204}}</ref> In 2014, Huawei was the first Chinese company to join [[Interbrand]]'s "Best Global Brands" at the 94th most valuable brand at $4.3 billion.<ref>{{cite web|title=Interbrand's 15th annual Best Global Brands Report |url=http://interbrand.com/en/newsroom/15/interbrands-th-annual-best-global-brands-report |publisher=[[Interbrand]] |accessdate=31 March 2015 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402155414/http://interbrand.com/en/newsroom/15/interbrands-th-annual-best-global-brands-report |archivedate=2 April 2015 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

=== Sponsorship ===
{{Update section|date=January 2019}}

In 2012, Huawei became major sponsors of Australian [[National Rugby League]] team the [[Canberra Raiders]]. As part of the deal, Huawei became the major shirt sponsors for the team. The sponsorship arrangement was extended in 2016 for an extra three years.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.raiders.com.au/news/2016/08/21/huawei-extends-major-sponsorship-of-the-raiders/|title=Huawei Extends Major Sponsorship of the Raiders|date=2016-08-21|work=Canberra Raiders|access-date=2018-03-03|language=en-AU}}</ref>

Huawei sponsors [[Bundesliga]] club [[Borussia Dortmund]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gsminsider.com/2013/08/huawei-borussia-dortmund-bvb-partnership/|title=Huawei Becomes The Latest Sponsor Of Borussia Dortmund In Germany|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201203130/http://gsminsider.com/2013/08/huawei-borussia-dortmund-bvb-partnership/|archivedate=1 February 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref> On 15 September 2013, Huawei were announced as the new shirt sponsors of [[A-League]] club [[Wellington Phoenix F.C.]] as well as the sponsor of [[Liga de Fútbol Profesional]] (LFP) in Spain.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gsminsider.com/2013/11/huawei-becomes-global-partner-of-liga-de-futbol-profesional-lfp-in-spain/|title=Huawei Becomes Global Partner of Liga de Fútbol Profesional (LFP) In Spain|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140201203123/http://gsminsider.com/2013/11/huawei-becomes-global-partner-of-liga-de-futbol-profesional-lfp-in-spain/|archivedate=1 February 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

In October 2013, Huawei became a partner of [[AC Milan]] for three years.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/sports/2013-10/31/content_17070600.htm|title=Huawei inks sponsor deal with AC Milan|last=颜玮珏|first=|date=|website=www.chinadaily.com.cn|access-date=2018-07-25}}</ref>

On 17 January 2014, [[Arsenal F.C.]] announced that Huawei would become their official "Global Smartphone Partner".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gsminsider.com/2014/01/huawei-arsenal-partnership-news/|title=Huawei Becomes Official Smartphone Partner Of Arsenal Football Club|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140121073049/http://gsminsider.com/2014/01/huawei-arsenal-partnership-news/|archivedate=21 January 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

In March 2014, Huawei became the shirt sponsor of [[Rayo Vallecano]] for two La Liga matches against [[Real Madrid]] and [[Athletic Bilbao]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gsminsider.com/2014/03/huawei-rayo-vallecano-shirt-sponsor-real-madrid-ath-bilbao/|title=Huawei Sponsors Rayo Vallecano For Two Matches, Against Real Madrid And Bilbao|accessdate=30 March 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140330064350/http://gsminsider.com/2014/03/huawei-rayo-vallecano-shirt-sponsor-real-madrid-ath-bilbao/|archivedate=30 March 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

In April 2014, Huawei became the "official partner" of [[Paris Saint-Germain]] for the next three seasons.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://gsminsider.com/2014/05/players-paris-saint-germain-took-selfie-huawei-ascend-p7/|title=Players Of Paris Saint-Germain Took A Selfie With Huawei Ascend P7|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140517114319/http://gsminsider.com/2014/05/players-paris-saint-germain-took-selfie-huawei-ascend-p7/|archivedate=17 May 2014|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Huawei debuted to the field of Cricket in April 2014 by becoming the principal sponsor of [[Royal Challengers Bangalore]], a domestic cricket team that played in the [[Indian Premier League]].

[[Ghana Football Association]] announced Huawei as its sponsor for the Black Stars for the 2014 FIFA World Cup finals in Brazil. The one-year sponsorship deal was worth US$100,000 plus products.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/soccer/artikel.php?ID=309070....|title=GhanaWeb, Validation Error|website=www.ghanaweb.com}}</ref>

On 12 September 2014, [[Galatasaray S.K. (football)]] announced that Huawei would become their journey sponsor for one-year period in Turkish National [[Süper Lig]].

Since October 2014 Huawei had been the main sponsor of South African [[Premier Soccer League]] club [[Ajax Cape Town]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ajaxct.co.za/news.htm?article=3505/ |archive-url=https://archive.is/20141102161930/http://www.ajaxct.co.za/news.htm?article=3505/ |dead-url=yes |archive-date=2014-11-02 |title=HUAWEI Title Sponsor of Ajax Cape Town}}</ref> It no longer is.<!-- This is based on the [[Ajax Cape Town]] article -->

In Costa Rica, Huawei sponsors the current champions Club Sport Herediano and also Deportivo Saprissa.{{update inline|date=January 2019}}

On 4 January 2015 Huawei was announced as the main sponsor of the then-current champion of the Colombian First Division Tournament, [[Independiente Santa Fe]], for the next two years (2015–2017).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eltiempo.com/deportes/futbol-colombiano/santa-fe-estrenara-patrocinador-en-este-2015/15051437|title=Santa Fe estrenará patrocinador en este 2015}}</ref>

{{As of|2015|February|12}}, Huawei was announced as another sponsor for Mexico's [[Liga MX]], [[Club América]]. They were in negotiations to being the main sponsor for the following season in Mexico, replacing [[Grupo Bimbo]] on the front part of the shirt; at the time, it was announced that they would provide cellphone equipment to the team members and would be part of the celebration for the centenary for the club.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mediotiempo.com/futbol/mexico/noticias/2015/02/12/america-cambiaria-patrocinador-en-la-playera|title=América cambiaría patrocinador en la playera}}</ref>

On 14 October 2015, Huawei announced a sponsorship deal with [[Arsenal F.C.|Arsenal FC]]'s [[Alexis Sánchez|Alexis Sanchez]] for Huawei Chile.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Huawei sign up Arsenal star Alexis Sanchez {{!}} Soccerex|url = https://www.soccerex.com/news/2015/10/huawei-sign-arsenal-star-alexis-sanchez|website = www.soccerex.com|accessdate = 2015-12-23}}</ref>

In 2014, Huawei partnered with the FISE World Series of extreme sports competitions. The first event Huawei supported was the FISE World Chengdu (China) where the mountain bike competition was called the Honor Mountain Bike Slopestyle Pro contest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chengdubeer.com/2014/10/fise-world-chengdu-2014/|access-date=2016-01-14|date=2014-10-24|title=FISE World Chengdu 2014}}</ref>{{failed verification|date=January 2016}}<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://unleashedwakemag.com/fise-2016-is-worldwide-on-real-this-year/|title=FISE IS WORLDWIDE on real this YEAR ! -|date=2016-03-30|work=Unleashed Wake Mag|access-date=2018-07-25|language=en-US}}</ref>

In 2016, Huawei announced a sponsorship deal with [[Argentine Primera División]] team, [[Boca Juniors]], for the next two years (2016–2018).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lanacion.com.ar/1915295-boca-juniors-suma-a-huawei-como-sponsor-y-tendra-un-telefono-movil-exclusivo|title=Boca Juniors suma a Huawei como sponsor y tendrá un teléfono móvil exclusivo}}</ref>

On 2 September 2016, Huawei was announced as the official sponsor of the [[Serbia national football team|Serbian national football team]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fss.rs/index.php?id=21&aid=10917&page=2|title=HUAWEI – NOVI PARTNER REPREZENTACIJE SRBIJE}}</ref>

=== R&D centers ===
It has 21 R&D institutes in countries including China, the [[United States]],<ref name="auto"/> [[Canada]],<ref name="auto1"/> the [[United Kingdom]],<ref name="auto2"/> [[Pakistan]], [[Finland]], [[France]], [[Belgium]], [[Germany]], [[Colombia]], [[Sweden]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], [[India]],<ref name="auto3"/> [[Russia]], [[Israel]], and [[Turkey]].<ref name="auto4"/><ref name="auto5"/>

Huawei is considering opening a new research and development (R&D) center in Russia (2019/2020), which would be the third in the country after the [[Moscow]] and [[Saint Petersburg|St. Petersburg]] R&D centers. Huawei also announced plans (November 2018) to open an R&D centre in the French city of [[Grenoble]], which would be mainly focused on smartphone sensors and parallel computing software development. The new R&D team in [[Grenoble]] was expected to grow to 30 researchers by 2020, said the company. The company said that this new addition brought to five the number of its R&D teams in the country: two were located in [[Sophia Antipolis]] and [[Paris]], researching image processing and design, while the other two existing teams were based at Huawei's facilities in [[Boulogne-Billancourt]], working on algorithms and mobile/5G standards. The technology giant also intended to open two new research centres in [[Zürich]] and [[Lausanne]], Switzerland. Huawei at the time employed around 350 people in Switzerland.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.s-ge.com/en/article/news/20183-ict-huawei-switzerland|title=Huawei to open R&D centres in Switzerland|website=S-GE}}</ref>

=== Talent development program and employee value proposition 2018 ===
{{unreferenced section|date=January 2019}}
Huawei held{{when|date=January 2019}} a talent engagement event "DigitALL Night" in Rome. In this event Huawei invited university students from Europe to visit the exhibition hall and participate in the discussion on future technologies such as AI, 5G, IOT, and the trend of talent development. Meanwhile, Wells Li, HRVP for Huawei Western European Region, officially announced the company's employee value proposition (EVP) for Western Europe – Passion Unlocks Potential – and also explained Huawei's DigitALL Explorer Program.{{Citation needed|date=January 2019}}

In the upcoming three years (2019–2021), Huawei was expecting to develop 3000 elite talents in Europe through the "DigitALL Explorer Program", including its Seeds for the Future Program, Internship Program, and Fresh Graduate Program. 1000 outstanding young talents would be selected from universities to join the Seeds for the Future Program to have an international exchanges and to visit China. 1000 interns would go to Huawei for in-depth study and business practice. And in addition, 1000 fresh graduates would be admitted to Huawei.{{Citation needed|date=January 2019}}

==Corporate social responsibility==
{{Update section|date=January 2019}}
As part of its international support for technology and telecommunications education and training, Huawei has contributed funding and equipment to a number of universities and training centers in countries such as Kenya,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.computerworlduganda.com/articles/2011/06/07/huawei-safaricom-partner-with-kenya-universities |title=Huawei, Safaricom partner with Kenya universities
|last1=Mbuvi |first1=Dennis |last2= |first2= |date=7 June 2011 |work=Computerworld Uganda |accessdate=27 June 2011}}</ref> India,<ref name="iGov">{{cite web|url=http://www.igovernment.in/site/huawei-itu-to-promote-ict-training-in-africa |title=Huawei, ITU to promote ICT training in Africa |date=2 November 2007 |work=iGovernment |accessdate=27 June 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111005045151/http://www.igovernment.in/site/huawei-itu-to-promote-ict-training-in-africa |archivedate=5 October 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> Indonesia,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.asean-cn.org/Item/2561.aspx |title=Chinese firm opens technology training center in Indonesian college |date=12 April 2011 |work=ASEAN-China |publisher=Xinhua |accessdate=27 June 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110420063933/http://www.asean-cn.org/Item/2561.aspx |archivedate=20 April 2011 |df= }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://wirelessfederation.com/news/69889-huawei-inaugurates-technology-training-center-in-indonesia/ |title=Huawei inaugurates technology training center in Indonesia |date=14 April 2011 |work=Wireless Federation |accessdate=27 June 2011}}</ref> Bangladesh,<ref>{{cite news |title=Huawei, Buet sign deal to set up wireless communication lab |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=46254 |newspaper=The Daily Star |date=18 July 2008 |accessdate=27 June 2011}}</ref> and Nigeria.<ref name=iGov/> In the U.S., since 2008, Huawei had been sponsoring [[MIT]]'s Communications Futures Program, a research collaboration that studied the future of the telecommunications industry.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.mit.edu/annualreports/pres08/2008.03.07.pdf |title=MIT Reports to the President 2007–2008 |date=7 March 2008 |work=MIT |format=PDF |accessdate=27 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.mit.edu/annualreports/pres09/2009.03.07.pdf |title=MIT Reports to the President 2008–2009 |date=7 March 2009 |work=MIT |format=PDF |accessdate=27 June 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://web.mit.edu/annualreports/pres10/2010.03.05.pdf |title=MIT Reports to the President 2009–2010 |date=5 March 2009 |work=MIT |format=PDF |accessdate=27 June 2011}}</ref>

In 2010, Huawei joined the [[Broadband Commission for Digital Development]], formed by the [[ITU]] and [[UNESCO]] to support broadband deployment to developing nations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.broadbandcommission.org/report1/report1_hr.pdf |title=A 2010 Leadership Imperative: The Future Built on Broadband |year=2010 |work=Broadband Commission |format=PDF |accessdate=27 June 2011 }}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.broadbandcommission.org/commissioners/sun-yafang.html |title=Ms. Sun Yafang |work=Broadband Commission |accessdate=27 June 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110925131122/http://www.broadbandcommission.org/commissioners/sun-yafang.html |archivedate=25 September 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.unesco.org/new/en/media-services/single-view/news/itu_and_unesco_announce_top_level_global_broadband_commission_leading_names_from_industry_un_agenci/ |title=ITU and UNESCO announce top-level global Broadband Commission |date=10 May 2010 |work=UNESCO |accessdate=27 June 2011}}</ref> In the same year, Huawei joined the Green Touch consortium, an industry group that aimed to make communications networks 1000 times more energy efficient than they were at the time.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.informilo.com/20100218/chinas-huawei-joins-greentouch-consortium-244 |title=China's Huawei Joins GreenTouch Consortium |last1=Schenker |first1=Jennifer L. |date=18 February 2010 |work=Informilo |accessdate=27 June 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320001540/http://www.informilo.com/20100218/chinas-huawei-joins-greentouch-consortium-244 |archivedate=20 March 2012 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

In June 2011, Huawei signed a five-year agreement to contribute donated services, equipment and technical expertise worth over US$1.4 million to [[Carleton University]], in [[Ottawa]], Ontario, Canada, to establish a research lab dedicated to [[cloud computing]] technology and services.<ref>{{cite news|title=Telus, Huawei back Carleton cloud project |first=VITO |last=PILIECI |url=https://ottawacitizen.com/story_print.html?id=4947681&sponsor= |newspaper=The Ottawa Citizen |date=15 June 2011 |accessdate=27 June 2011 }}{{dead link|date=April 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The same month, Huawei published its 2010 [[corporate social responsibility]] (CSR) report.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://csrdaily.csrafrica.net/csr-reports/3261-huawei-releases-2010-corporate-social-responsibility-report.html |title=Huawei releases 2010 corporate social responsibility report |last1=Njeri |first1=Millicent |date=14 June 2011 |work=Corporate Social Responsibility Africa |publisher=Huawei |accessdate=27 June 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622123822/http://csrdaily.csrafrica.net/csr-reports/3261-huawei-releases-2010-corporate-social-responsibility-report.html |archivedate=22 June 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/corporate-citizenship/csr-report/index.htm |title=CSR Report 2010 |year=2010 |work=Huawei |accessdate=27 June 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110719022946/http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/corporate-citizenship/csr-report/index.htm |archivedate=19 July 2011 |df= }}</ref>

==Controversies==
{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2018}}

===Intellectual property rights===
In February 2003 [[Cisco Systems]] sued Huawei Technologies for allegedly infringing on its patents and illegally copying source code used in its routers and switches.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://newsroom.cisco.com/dlls/Cisco_Mot_for_PI.pdf |title=Cisco's motion for preliminary injunction |date=5 February 2003 |work=Cisco.com |publisher= |accessdate=15 July 2011}}</ref> According to a statement by Cisco, by July 2004 Huawei removed the contested code, manuals and command-line interfaces and the case was subsequently dropped.<ref>{{cite news |title=Technology briefing: Cisco drops Huawei suit |first=Laurie J. |last=Flynn |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/07/29/business/technology-briefing-hardware-cisco-drops-patent-infringement-suit.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=29 July 2004 |accessdate=15 July 2011}}</ref> Both sides claimed success – with Cisco asserting that "completion of lawsuit marks a victory for the protection of intellectual property rights", and Huawei's partner 3Com (which was not a part of lawsuit) noting that court order prevented Cisco from bringing another case against Huawei asserting the same or substantially similar claims.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=56939 |title=Cisco drops Huawei suit |last1=Harvey |first1=Phil |date=28 July 2004 |work=Light Reading |accessdate=15 July 2011}}</ref> Although Cisco employees allegedly witnessed counterfeited technology as late as September 2005,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://wikileaks.org/cable/2005/09/05HARARE1331.html|title=US Embassy Cable 05HARARE1331|publisher=wikileaks|accessdate=9 September 2011}}</ref> in a retrospective Cisco's Corporate Counsel noted that "Cisco was portrayed by the Chinese media as a bullying multi-national corporation" and "the damage to Cisco's reputation in China outweighed any benefit achieved through the lawsuit";<ref name=ScoopNZ>{{cite web|title=US embassy Cable 10SHANGHAI53| url=http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WL1002/S01773.htm|date=19 February 2010|publisher=wikileaks|accessdate=9 September 2011}}</ref> however the same article that quoted the remarks of the Corporate Counsel also notes the remarks of Jay Hoenig of Hill and Associates, a security and risk management consultancy, who encouraged foreign companies to take greater advantage of civil litigation and said that it was hard to make the argument that China's civil system was ineffectual if litigants did not pursue all of the legal remedies available to them.<ref name=ScoopNZ/>

Huawei's chief representative in the US subsequently claimed that Huawei had been vindicated in the case, breaking a confidentiality clause of Huawei's settlement with Cisco. In response Cisco revealed parts of the independent expert's report produced for the case which proved that Huawei had stolen Cisco code and directly copied it into their products.<ref>{{cite web|last=Worth |first=Dan |url=http://www.v3.co.uk/v3-uk/news/2216692/cisco-upbraids-huawei-over-source-code-copying-claims |title=Cisco upbraids Huawei over source code copying claims |publisher=V3.co.uk |date=12 October 2012 |accessdate=22 June 2013}}</ref>

In June 2004, a Huawei employee was caught diagramming and photographing circuit boards after-hours from a competitor booth at the SuperComm tradeshow.<ref>{{cite news|title=Huawei isn't in the clear yet |first=Peter |last=Burrows |url=http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/jul2004/tc20040730_5618_tc024.htm |work=BusinessWeek |date=30 July 2004 |accessdate=15 July 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110915023155/http://www.businessweek.com/technology/content/jul2004/tc20040730_5618_tc024.htm |archivedate=15 September 2011 }}</ref> The employee denied the accusation, but was later dismissed.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=57888 |title=Huawei fires SuperComm snooper |last1=Harvey |first1=Phil |date=17 August 2004 |work=Light Reading |accessdate=15 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/newsroom/press-release/hw-088503-news.htm |title=Statement from Huawei Technologies in response to questions regarding events at the SuperComm trade show |date=5 August 2004 |work=Huawei |accessdate=15 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204093036/http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/newsroom/press-release/hw-088503-news.htm |archive-date=4 February 2012 |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

In July 2010, Motorola filed an amended complaint that named Huawei as a co-defendant in its case against Lemko for alleged theft of trade secrets.<ref>{{cite news |title=Motorola sues Huawei for trade secret theft |first1=Phil |last1=Wahba |first2=Melanie |last2=Lee |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2010/07/22/motorola-huawei-idUSTOE66L |work=Reuters |date=22 July 2010 |accessdate=15 July 2011 }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Motorola claims Huawei plot |first=Christopher |last=Rhoads |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB14684659760 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |date=22 July 2010 |accessdate=15 July 2011 }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The case against Huawei was subsequently dropped in April 2011.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/post-tech/post/motorola-huawei-settle-their-dispute/2011/04/13/AFSchOWD_blog.html |title=Motorola, Huawei settle their dispute |last1=Tsukayama |first1=Hayley |date=13 April 2011 |work=Post Tech |publisher=''The Washington Post'' |accessdate=15 July 2011}}</ref><ref name="TechCrunch">{{cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2011/04/13/motorola-and-huawei-settle-patent-lawsuit/ |title=Motorola and Huawei settle patent lawsuit |last1=Rao |first1=Leena |date=13 April 2011 |work=Tech Crunch |publisher= |accessdate=15 July 2011}}</ref> In January 2011, Huawei filed a lawsuit against Motorola to prevent its intellectual property from being illegally transferred to Nokia Siemens Networks ("NSN") as part of NSN's US$1.2 billion acquisition of Motorola's wireless network business.<ref>{{cite news |title=Huawei sues Motorola to block asset sale |first=Shayndi |last=Raice |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB13555845486 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |date=25 January 2011 |accessdate=15 July 2011 }}{{dead link|date=December 2017 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=https://techcrunch.com/2011/01/24/huawei-sues-motorola-over-patents-disclosed-to-nokia-siemens-acquired-wireless-network/ |title=Huawei Sues Motorola Over Patents Disclosed To Nokia Siemens-Acquired Wireless Network |last1=Rao |first1=Leena |date=24 January 2011 |work=Tech Crunch |publisher= |accessdate=15 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huawei.com/ilink/en/about-huawei/newsroom/press-release/HW_062574 |title=Huawei Files Lawsuit Against Motorola for IP Infringement |date=24 January 2011 |work=Huawei.com |publisher=Huawei |accessdate=15 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=
Huawei sues to alter Motorola-Nokia Siemens deal |first=Sinead |last=Carew |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/01/24/us-huawei-motorola-idUSTRE70N3V120110124 |work=Reuters.com|publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=24 January 2011 |accessdate=15 July 2011}}</ref> In April 2011, Motorola and Huawei entered into an agreement to settle all pending litigation,<ref name=TechCrunch/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huawei.com/ilink/en/about-huawei/newsroom/press-release/HW_089738 |title=Motorola Solutions and Huawei Issue Joint Statement |date=13 April 2011 |work=Huawei.com |publisher=Huawei |accessdate=15 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Relief for Huawei as it settles with Motorola |first1=Kathrin |last1=Hille |first2=Paul |last2=Taylor |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/9b767044-65f6-11e0-9d40-00144feab49a.html |newspaper=The Financial Times |date=13 April 2011 |accessdate=15 July 2011}}</ref> with Motorola paying an undisclosed sum to Huawei for the intellectual property that would be part of the sale to NSN.<ref>{{cite news |title=Motorola Solutions and Huawei Settle Claims Over Intellectual Property |first=David |last=Barboza |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/14/technology/14huawei.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=14 April 2011 |accessdate=15 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Motorola and Huawei settle trade secret dispute |first=Paul |last=Thomasch |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/04/13/us-motorola-huawei-idUSTRE73C2V820110413 |work=reuters.com|publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=13 April 2011 |accessdate=15 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Huawei settles Motorola Solutions trade secrets dispute |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-13075620 |work=BBC News |date=13 April 2011 |accessdate=15 July 2011}}</ref>

In a further move to protect its intellectual property, Huawei filed lawsuits in Germany, France and Hungary in April 2011 against [[ZTE]] for patent and trademark infringement.<ref>{{cite news |title=Huawei sues ZTE in Germany, France, Hungary |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2011/04/28/huawei-idUKL3E7FS2OV20110428 |work=Reuters |date=28 April 2011 |accessdate=15 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Huawei sues ZTE over patents |first=Kathrin |last=Hille |url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/2/13f61fde-71a9-11e0-9b7a-00144feabdc0.html |newspaper=The Financial Times |date=28 April 2011 |accessdate=15 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Huawei draws blood in ZTE patent tussle |first=Gavin |last=Clarke |url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2011/05/11/huawei_v_zte/ |newspaper=The Register |date=11 May 2011 |accessdate=15 July 2011}}</ref> The following day, ZTE countersued Huawei for patent infringement in China.<ref>{{cite news |title=ZTE sues Huawei in China for patent infringement over 4G tech |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2011/04/29/zte-huawei-idUSL3E7FT13220110429 |work=reuters.com|publisher=[[Reuters]] |date=29 April 2011 |accessdate=15 July 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=ZTE counter-sues Huawei over LTE technology in China |url=http://onespot.wsj.com/gadgets/2011/04/29/39387/zte-counter-sues-huawei-over-lte |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |date=29 April 2011 |accessdate=15 July 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111007052511/http://onespot.wsj.com/gadgets/2011/04/29/39387/zte-counter-sues-huawei-over-lte |archivedate=7 October 2011 }}</ref>

In September 2014, Huawei faced a lawsuit from [[T-Mobile]], which alleged that Huawei stole technology from its Bellevue, Washington, headquarters. T-Mobile claimed in its filed suit that Huawei's employees snuck into a T-Mobile lab during the period of 2012–2013 and stole parts of its smartphone testing robot Tappy. The Huawei employees then copied the operating software and design details, violating confidentiality agreements that both companies signed. Furthermore, Huawei is now using the stolen parts and data to build its own testing robot. A Huawei spokesman stated to ''The New York Times'' that there is some truth to the complaint, but that the two employees involved have been fired. T-Mobile has since stopped using Huawei as a supplier, which T-Mobile says could cost it tens of millions of dollars as it moves away from its handsets.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.lightreading.com/mobile/devices-smartphones/t-mobile-accuses-huawei-of-espionage/d/d-id/710732 | title=T-Mobile Accuses Huawei of Espionage | date=9 September 2014 | author=Thomas, Sarah}}</ref>

In May 2017, a jury agreed with T-Mobile that Huawei committed industrial espionage in United States, and Huawei was ordered to pay $4.8m in damages. Huawei responded to the lawsuit by arguing that Tappy was not a trade secret, and that it was made by [[Epson]], not T-Mobile. According to Huawei, "T-Mobile's statement of the alleged trade secret is an insufficient, generic statement that captures virtually every component of its robot," and it had failed to point out any trade secret stolen with sufficient specificity. T-Mobile dismissed Huawei's arguments, and contended that Epson had provided only a component of the robot.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2017/05/19/huawei_spied_us_jury_finds | title=Huawei spied, US federal jury finds | publisher=The Register | date=19 May 2017| author=Orlowski, Andrew}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.seattletimes.com/business/technology/july-awards-t-mobile-48m-in-trade-secrets-case-against-huawei | title=Jury awards T-Mobile $4.8M in trade-secrets case against Huawei | publisher=Seattle Times | date=18 May 2017| author=Lerman, Rachel}}</ref>

===Espionage and security concerns===
In the US, officials and politicians within the federal government have raised concerns that Huawei-made telecommunications equipment may be designed to allow unauthorized access by the Chinese government and the Chinese [[People's Liberation Army]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.defenselink.mil/pubs/pdfs/China_Military_Report_08.pdf |title=Annual Report to Congress Military Power of the People's Republic of China |year=2008 |work=defenselink.mil |publisher=U.S. Department of Defense |accessdate=5 October 2011}}</ref><ref name=3Leaf>{{cite news |title=Chinese telecom company Huawei open to US investigation |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-12575237 |work=BBC News |date=25 February 2011 |accessdate=29 August 2011}}</ref><ref name=Marconi>{{cite news |title=The Huawei Way |url=http://www.newsweek.com/2006/01/15/the-huawei-way.html |newspaper=Newsweek |date=15 January 2006 |accessdate=29 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/breaking-news/chinese-spy-fears-over-broadband/story-e6frg90f-1111118350641 |title=Chinese spy fears on broadband frontrunner |publisher=The Australian |date=18 December 2008 |accessdate=5 September 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130516140139/http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/breaking-news/chinese-spy-fears-over-broadband/story-e6frg90f-1111118350641 |archivedate=16 May 2013 }}</ref> given that Ren Zhengfei, the founder of the company, served as an engineer in the army in the early 1980s.<ref name=Sprint>{{cite news |title=Chinese Telecom Giant in Push for U.S. Market |first1=John |last1=Markoff |first2=David |last2=Barboza |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/26/technology/26telecom.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=25 October 2010 |accessdate=29 August 2011}}</ref> In the United Kingdom, the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]] raised concerns about security over Huawei's bid for Marconi in 2005,<ref name=Marconi/> and the company's equipment was mentioned as an alleged potential threat in a 2009 government briefing by Alex Allan, chairman of the [[Joint Intelligence Committee (United Kingdom)|Joint Intelligence Committee]].<ref>{{cite news | url =http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/uk/article5993156.ece | location=London |work=The Times | first=Michael | last=Smith | title=Spy chiefs fear Chinese cyber attack | date=29 March 2009 | accessdate=29 August 2011}}</ref> In December 2010, Huawei opened a Cyber Security Evaluation Centre to test its hardware and software to ensure they can withstand growing cyber security threats.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/212518/huawei_open_security_test_center_in_the_uk.html |title=Huawei open security test center in the UK |last1=Kirk |first1=Jeremy |date=6 December 2010 |work=PC World.com |publisher= |accessdate=29 August 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/newsroom/press-release/hw-093468-ukcenter-security.htm |title=Huawei Opens Cyber Security Evaluation Centre in the UK |date=6 December 2010 |work=Huawei.com |publisher=Huawei |accessdate=29 August 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206102033/http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/newsroom/press-release/hw-093468-ukcenter-security.htm |archive-date=6 February 2012 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}</ref> In the U.S., some members of Congress raised questions about the company's proposed merger with communications company [[3Com]] in 2008,<ref>{{cite news |title=Congress to probe 3Com-Huawei deal |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2008/feb/02/congress-to-probe-3com-huawei-deal/ |newspaper=The Washington Times |date=2 February 2008 |accessdate=29 August 2011}}</ref> and its bid for a Sprint contract in 2010.<ref name=Sprint/> In addition, Huawei withdrew its purchase of 3Leaf systems in 2010, following a review by the [[Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States|U.S. Committee on Foreign Investment]] (CFIUS).<ref name=3Leaf/>

In a 2011 open letter, Huawei stated that the security concerns are "unfounded and unproven" and called on the U.S. government to investigate any aspect of its business.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.huawei.com/ilink/en/about-huawei/newsroom/press-release/HW_092875 |title=Huawei Open Letter |last1=Hu |first1=Ken |work=Huawei.com |publisher=Huawei |accessdate=15 July 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204093004/http://www.huawei.com/ilink/en/about-huawei/newsroom/press-release/HW_092875 |archive-date=4 February 2012 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/chinarealtime/2011/02/25/huawei-executives-open-letter-to-the-u-s/ |title=Huawei Executive's Open Letter to the U.S. |last1=Chao |first1=Loretta |date=25 February 2011 |work=China Real Time Report |publisher=''The Wall Street Journal'' |accessdate=29 August 2011}}</ref> The US-based non-profit organization [[Asia Society]] carried out a review of Chinese companies trying to invest in the U.S., including Huawei. The organization found that only a few investment deals were blocked following unfavorable findings by the CFIUS or had been given a recommendation not to apply. However, all large transactions had been politicized by groups including the U.S. media, members of Congress and the security community.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://asiasociety.org/files/pdf/AnAmericanOpenDoor_FINAL.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110812221443/http://asiasociety.org/files/pdf/AnAmericanOpenDoor_FINAL.pdf |dead-url=yes |archive-date=12 August 2011 |title=An American Open Door? |last1=Rosen |first1=Daniel H. |last2=Hanemann |first2=Thilo |date=May 2011 |work=Asia Society.org |publisher=The Asia Society |format=PDF |page=62 |accessdate=29 August 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref> However, another article unrelated to the report published by the Asia Society reported that, "fear that the P.R.C. government could strongarm private or unaffiliated Chinese groups into giving up cyber-secrets is reflected in the U.S. government's treatment of Chinese telecom company Huawei."<ref>{{cite news|last=Le|first=Bryan|title=The Chinese Cyber-Threat|url=http://asiasociety.org/blog/asia/chinese-cyber-threat|newspaper=Asia Society|date=4 August 2011}}</ref>

In October 2009, the Indian [[Department of Telecommunications]] reportedly requested national telecom operators to "self-regulate" the use of all equipment from European, U.S. and Chinese telecoms manufacturers following security concerns.<ref>{{cite news |title=India's telecom agency raises China spy scare |first=Indrajit |last=Basu |url=http://www.upiasia.com/Security/2009/10/08/indias_telecom_agency_raises_china_spy_scare/1789/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091009235328/http://www.upiasia.com/Security/2009/10/08/indias_telecom_agency_raises_china_spy_scare/1789/ |dead-url=yes |archive-date=9 October 2009 |work=UPI Asia |date=8 October 2009 |accessdate=29 August 2011}}</ref> Earlier, in 2005, Huawei was blocked from supplying equipment to India's [[Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited]] (BSNL) [[cellular phone]] service provider.<ref>[http://www.cellular-news.com/story/40952.php BSNL Cancels Huawei GSM Tender Covering Southern India] Cellular News: BSNL cancels Huawei GSM tender</ref> In 2010, the Indian [[Central Bureau of Investigation]] (CBI) insisted on cancelling the rest of the Huawei contract with BSNL and pressed charges against several top BSNL officers regarding their "doubtful integrity and dubious links with Chinese firms".<ref>[http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/india/CBI-to-probe-link-between-BSNL-officers-Chinese-firm/Article1-526487.aspx CBI to probe link between BSNL officers, Chinese firm – Hindustan Times] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100405065246/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/india/CBI-to-probe-link-between-BSNL-officers-Chinese-firm/Article1-526487.aspx |date=5 April 2010 }} ''Hindustan Times'': CBI to probe BSNL's officers Huawei ink</ref><ref>[http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/newdelhi/PMO-forced-BSNL-to-remove-top-officials/Article1-526849.aspx PMO forced BSNL to remove top officials – Hindustan Times] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110605054609/http://www.hindustantimes.com/News-Feed/newdelhi/PMO-forced-BSNL-to-remove-top-officials/Article1-526849.aspx |date=5 June 2011 }} ''Hindustan Times'': PMO Forced BSNL to remove top officials</ref> In June 2010, an interim solution was introduced that would allow the import of Chinese-made telecoms equipment to India if pre-certified by international security agencies such as Canada's Electronic Warfare Associates, US-based Infoguard, and Israel's ALTAL Security Consulting.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://about.ovum.com/podcasts/272 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120708154956/http://about.ovum.com/podcasts/272 |dead-url=yes |archive-date=8 July 2012 |title=India lifts ban on Chinese telecoms vendors |last1=Putcha |first1=Shiv |last2=Grivolas |first2=Julien |date=4 June 2010 |work=Ovum |accessdate=29 August 2011 }}</ref>

In October 2011, ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' reported that Huawei had become Iran's leading provider of telecommunications equipment, including monitoring technologies that could be used for surveillance.<ref>{{cite news |title=Chinese Tech Giant Aids Iran |url=https://www.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052970204644504576651503577823210 |date=19 October 2011 |accessdate=19 October 2011 |work=The Wall Street Journal |first=Steve |last=Stecklow}}</ref> Huawei responded with a statement claiming the story misrepresented the company's involvement: "We have never been involved and do not provide any services relating to monitoring or filtering technologies and equipment anywhere in the world".<ref name="Huawei Iran statement">{{cite web |url=http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/newsroom/press-release/hw-104191.htm |title=Statement Regarding Inaccurate and Misleading Claims about Huawei's Commercial Operations in Iran |work=huawei.com |publisher=Huawei |accessdate=7 November 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120206081727/http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/newsroom/press-release/hw-104191.htm |archive-date=6 February 2012 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

In 2001, it was alleged that Huawei Technologies India had developed telecommunications equipment for the Taliban in Afghanistan, and newspapers reported that the Indian government had launched a probe into the firm's operations.<ref>{{cite news |title=Chinese firm's dealings: police kept in the dark about probe |first=K |last=Satyamurty |url=http://www.hindu.com/2001/12/12/stories/2001121200721100.htm |newspaper=[[The Hindu]] |date=12 December 2001 |accessdate=16 November 2011 |location=Chennai, India}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Indian state government puts Chinese firm under microscope |first=Jay |last=Shankar |newspaper=Agence France-Presse |date=10 December 2001 }}</ref> Huawei responded, stating that the company did not have "any link with the Taliban", as its only customers are telecommunications carriers<ref>{{cite news |title=India probes unit of Chinese firm for Taliban link. |first=Y.P |last=Rajesh |work=Reuters News |date=11 December 2001 }}</ref> and its facilities "always operate according to U.N. rules and the local laws of each country".<ref>{{cite news |title=Chinese firm denies reports that software center in India helped Taliban |first=Elaine |last=Kurtenback |work=Associated Press Newswires |date=12 December 2001 }}</ref> On 15 December 2001, the Indian authorities announced that they had not found any evidence that Huawei India had any connection to the Taliban,<ref>{{cite news |title=No evidence of Taliban links to Chinese firm, Indian authorities say |first=S. |last=Srinivasan |work=Associated Press Newswires |date=15 December 2001 }}</ref> although the U.S. remains suspicious.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telecompaper.com/news/huawei-asks-us-govt-to-clear-its-name |title=Huawei asks US govt to clear its name |date=25 February 2011 |work=Telecompaper |publisher= |accessdate=24 November 2011}}</ref>

In March 2012, Australian media sources reported that the [[Government of Australia|Australian government]] had excluded Huawei from tendering for contracts with [[NBN Co]], a government-owned corporation that is managing the construction of the [[National Broadband Network]],<ref>Australian Financial Review (2012). [http://www.afr.com/p/technology/china_giant_banned_from_nbn_9U9zi1oc3FXBF3BZdRD9mJ China’s Huawei banned from NBN]. Retrieved 26 March 2012].</ref> following advice from the [[Australian Security Intelligence Organisation]] regarding security concerns.<ref>Australian Financial Review (2012). [http://afr.com/p/national/asio_forced_nbn_to_dump_huawei_FaglE6qWrqd5utgLpR0IdO ASIO forced NBN to dump Huawei]. Retrieved 26 March 2012.</ref> The [[Attorney-General's Department (Australia)|Attorney-General's Department]] stated in response to these reports that the National Broadband Network is "a strategic and significant government investment, [and] we have a responsibility to do our utmost to protect its integrity and that of the information carried on it."<ref>The Wall Street Journal (2012). [https://blogs.wsj.com/dealjournalaustralia/2012/03/26/canberra-talks-integrity-after-reportedly-banning-huawei-from-nbn/ Canberra Talks Integrity After Reportedly Banning Huawei From NBN]. Retrieved 26 March 2012.</ref>

In July 2012, Felix Lindner and Gregor Kopf gave a conference at Defcon to announce that they uncovered several critical vulnerabilities in Huawei routers (models AR18 and AR29)<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9229785/Hackers_reveal_critical_vulnerabilities_in_Huawei_routers_at_Defcon |title=Hackers reveal critical vulnerabilities in Huawei routers at Defcon |publisher=Computerworld.com |accessdate=30 July 2012}}</ref> which could be used to get remote access to the device. The researchers said that Huawei "doesn't have a security contact for reporting vulnerabilities, doesn't put out security advisories and doesn't say what bugs have been fixed in its firmware updates", and as a result, the vulnerabilities have not been publicly disclosed. Huawei replied that they were investigating the claims.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-1009_3-57482813-83/expert-huawei-routers-are-riddled-with-vulnerabilities/ |title=Expert: Huawei routers are riddled with vulnerabilities |publisher=News.cnet.com |accessdate= 31 July 2012}}</ref>

In December 2011, ''[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]'' reported that the U.S. is invoking [[Cold War]]-era national security powers to force telecommunication companies including AT&T Inc. and Verizon Communications Inc. to divulge confidential information about their networks in a hunt for Chinese cyber-spying. The US [[United States House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence|House Intelligence Committee]] had said on November 18 that it would investigate foreign companies, and a spokesman for Huawei said that the company conducts its businesses according to normal business practices and actually welcomed the investigation.<ref>{{cite news |title=U.S. Hunting for Chinese Telecom Spyware |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-11-30/obama-invokes-cold-war-security-powers-to-unmask-chinese-telecom-spyware.html |url-access=subscription |date=1 December 2011 |accessdate=1 December 2011 |work=Bloomberg |first=Michael |last=Riley}}</ref> On 8 October 2012, the Committee issued a report concluding Huawei and ZTE were a "national security threat".<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/09/us/us-panel-calls-huawei-and-zte-national-security-threat.html | title=U.S. Panel Cites Risks in Chinese Equipment | work=The New York Times | date=8 October 2012 | accessdate=10 October 2012 | author=Schmidt, Michael S.}}</ref> However, a subsequent [[Executive Office of the President of the United States|White House]]-ordered review found no concrete evidence to support the House report's espionage allegations.<ref name="Reuters-Spy">{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/18/us-huawei-spying-idUSBRE89G1Q920121018 | title=White House-ordered review found no evidence of Huawei spying: sources | work=reuters.com|publisher=[[Reuters]] | date=18 October 2012 | accessdate=19 October 2012 | author=Menn, Joseph}}</ref>

On 9 October 2012, a spokesman for Canadian Prime Minister [[Stephen Harper]] indicated that the Canadian government invoked a national security exception to exclude Huawei from its plans to build a secure government communications network.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/10/us-usa-china-huawei-canada-idUSBRE8981CB20121010 | title=Huawei faces exclusion from planned Canada government network | work=[[Reuters]] | date=9 October 2012 | accessdate=10 October 2012 | author=Palmer, Randall}}</ref>

On 25 October 2012, a Reuters report<ref name="Reuters-partner">{{cite news|last=Stecklow|first=Steve|title=Exclusive: Huawei partner offered U.S. tech to Iran|url=https://news.yahoo.com/exclusive-huawei-partner-offered-u-tech-iran-083637401--finance.html|newspaper=Yahoo News|date=25 October 2012|access-date=14 January 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121028025031/http://news.yahoo.com/exclusive-huawei-partner-offered-u-tech-iran-083637401--finance.html|archive-date=28 October 2012|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}}</ref> wrote that according to documents and interviews, an Iranian-based seller of Huawei (Soda Gostar Persian Vista) last year tried to sell embargoed American antenna equipment (made by American company Andrew LLC) to an Iranian firm ([[MTN Irancell]]). Specifically, the Andrew antennas were part of a large order for Huawei telecommunications gear that MTN Irancell had placed through Soda Gostar, but the MTN Irancell says it canceled the deal with Huawei when it learned the items were subject to sanctions and before any equipment was delivered.<ref name="Reuters-partner"/> Vic Guyang, a Huawei spokesman, acknowledged that MTN Irancell had canceled the order; Rick Aspan, a spokesman for CommScope, said the company was not aware of the aborted transaction.<ref name="Reuters-partner"/>

[[File:Seal of the U.S. National Security Agency.svg|thumb|Snowden documents reveal that the [[National Security Agency]] hacked Huawei's servers.<ref name=nyt-20140322/>]]
On 19 July 2013, [[Michael Hayden (general)|Michael Hayden]], former head of U.S. [[National Security Agency]] and director of [[Motorola Solutions]], claimed that he has seen hard evidence of backdoors in Huawei's networking equipment and that the company engaged in espionage and shared intimate knowledge of the foreign telecommunications systems with the Chinese government.<ref name="haydenaccuses">{{cite web | url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news/10191154/Ex-CIA-chief-accuses-Huawei-of-industrial-espionage.html | title=Ex-CIA chief accuses Huawei of industrial espionage| publisher=Telegraph | date=19 Jul 2013 | last=Curtis|first=Sophie |accessdate=2013-12-09}}</ref> Huawei and Motorola Solutions had previously been engaged in intellectual property disputes for a number of years. Huawei's global cybersecurity officer, John Suffolk, described the comments made by Hayden as "tired, unsubstantiated, defamatory remarks" and challenged him and other critics to present any evidence publicly.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jul/19/huawei-spied-chinese-government-ex-cia-boss Huawei has spied for Chinese government, ex-CIA boss says | World news]. theguardian.com (2013-07-19). Retrieved on 2013-12-09.</ref><ref name="haydenaccuses"/>

In 2014, ''[[The New York Times]]'' reported, based upon documents leaked by [[Edward Snowden]], that the U.S. [[National Security Agency]] has since 2007 been operating a covert program against Huawei. This involved breaking into Huawei's internal networks, including headquarter networks and founder Ren Zhengfei's communications.<ref name=nyt-20140322>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/23/world/asia/nsa-breached-chinese-servers-seen-as-spy-peril.html |title=N.S.A. Breached Chinese Servers Seen as Security Threat |author=[[David E. Sanger]] and Nicole Perlroth |newspaper=The New York Times |date=22 March 2014 |accessdate=23 March 2014}}</ref> In 2014, Huawei reached a sponsorship deal with the [[NFL]]'s [[Washington Redskins]] to install free public Wi-Fi at [[FedExField]], but the agreement was abruptly shelved weeks after it was announced due to unofficial action by a U.S. government advisor.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/huawei-had-a-deal-to-give-washington-redskins-fans-free-wi-fi-until-the-government-stepped-in-11545647401|title=China’s Huawei had a deal to give Washington Redskins fans free wi-fi, until the government stepped in|last=Beaton|first=Stu Woo, Andrew|website=The Wall Street Journal|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-24}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/dec/17/inside-ring-redskins-drop-plans-use-chinese-built-/|title=Inside the Ring: Redskins drop plans to use Chinese-built Wi-Fi at stadium|website=The Washington Times|language=en-US|access-date=2018-12-24}}</ref>

In 2015, German cybersecurity company [[G Data]] reported that it had found that malware that can listen to calls, track users, and make online purchases was found pre-installed on smartphones from Chinese companies including [[Lenovo]], [[Xiaomi]], and Huawei. When G Data contacted the companies to let them know about the malware, Huawei replied that the security breaches must have taken place further down the supply chain, outside the manufacturing process.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.theepochtimes.com/n3/1748900-spy-software-found-pre-installed-on-lenovo-huawei-and-xiaomi-smartphones | title=Spy Software Found Preinstalled on Lenovo, Huawei, and Xiaomi Smartphones | publisher=Epoch Times | date=9 September 2015 | author=Philipp, Joshua}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.news18.com/news/tech/xiaomi-lenovo-huawei-smartphones-found-pre-installed-with-spyware-1087415.html | title=Researchers find spyware on Xiaomi, Lenovo, Huawei smartphones; manufacturers, experts say middlemen to blame | date=10 September 2015}}</ref>

In 2016, Canada's immigration department said it planned to deny permanent resident visas to three Chinese citizens who worked for Huawei over concerns the applicants are involved in espionage, terrorism, and government subversion.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://news.vice.com/article/canada-plans-to-reject-chinese-workers-on-suspicion-they-could-be-spies | title=Canada Plans to Reject Chinese Telecom Workers on Suspicion They Could Be Spies| date=25 May 2016 | author=Browne, Rachel}}</ref>

In 2018, an investigation by French newspaper ''[[Le Monde]]'' alleged that China had engaged in hacking the [[African Union]] headquarters in Ethiopia from 2012 to 2017.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ft.com/content/c26a9214-04f2-11e8-9650-9c0ad2d7c5b5 | title=African Union accuses China of hacking headquarters| date=30 January 2018 | author=Aglionby, John}}</ref> The building was built by Chinese contractors, including Huawei, and Huawei equipment has been linked to these hacks.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.afr.com/news/policy/foreign-affairs/huawei-linked-to-major-data-breach-20180712-h12l84 | title=Huawei linked to major data breach| date=12 July 2018 | author=Grigg, Angus}}</ref> The Chinese government denied that they bugged the building, stating that the accusations were "utterly groundless and ridiculous."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://thediplomat.com/2018/01/if-china-bugged-the-au-headquarters-what-african-countries-should-be-worried/|title=If China Bugged the AU Headquarters, What African Countries Should Be Worried?|last=Diplomat|first=Shannon Tiezzi, The|work=The Diplomat|accessdate=4 February 2018}}</ref> Ethiopian Prime Minister [[Hailemariam Desalegn]] rejected the French media report.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.enca.com/africa/au-spying-report-absurd-china|title=AU spying report absurd: China|website=enca.com|accessdate=21 March 2018}}</ref> [[Moussa Faki|Moussa Faki Mahamat]], head of the African Union Commission, said the allegations in the ''Le Monde'' report were false. "These are totally false allegations and I believe that we are completely disregarding them."<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-africanunion/african-union-says-has-no-secret-dossiers-after-china-spying-report-idUSKBN1FS19W|title=African Union says has no secret dossiers after China spying report|website=reuter.com|accessdate=21 March 2018}}</ref>

[[File:Charlottesville-Richmond 091 (3008831458).jpg|thumb|U.S. Senator [[Mark Warner]], the Vice Chair of the [[United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence|Senate Intelligence Committee]], called Huawei a [[China–United States relations|threat to U.S. national security]].<ref>{{cite news |title=‘Basically kidnapping’: China’s state media lashes out at Canada over arrest of Huawei executive |url=https://globalnews.ca/news/4740048/china-state-media-canada-arrest-huawei-meng-wanzhou/ |work=[[Global News]] |date=7 December 2018}}</ref>]]

In January 2018, with the proposal of the Defending US Government Communications Act (which would ban the use of Huawei and ZTE products and equipment by U.S. government entities), calls for the FCC to investigate the company, as well as government pressure, it was reported that U.S. carrier [[AT&T]] had abruptly pulled out of an agreement to offer its [[Huawei Mate 10|Mate 10 Pro]] smartphone, while [[Verizon Communications]] had declined to carry any future Huawei products.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/1/30/16950122/verizon-refuses-huawei-phone-att-espionage-cybersecurity-fears|title=Verizon won't sell Huawei phones due to US government pressure, report says|work=The Verge|access-date=2018-04-18}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/1/8/16865592/att-huawei-mate-10-pro-ces-deal-off|title=AT&T pulls out of deal to sell Huawei phones in the US|work=The Verge|access-date=2018-04-18}}</ref>

On February 14, 2018, heads of six U.S. intelligence agencies testified to the [[United States Senate Select Committee on Intelligence|Senate Select Committee on Intelligence]] against the use of Chinese telecom products by U.S. citizens, such as those of Huawei and ZTE. [[Christopher A. Wray]], [[Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation|director of the FBI]], stated that they were "deeply concerned about the risks of allowing any company or entity that is beholden to foreign governments that don't share our values to gain positions of power inside our telecommunications networks". Huawei responded to the allegations, arguing that its products "[pose] no greater cybersecurity risk than any [[information and communications technology|ICT]] vendor, sharing as we do common global supply chains and production capabilities," and that it was "aware of a range of U.S. government activities seemingly aimed at inhibiting Huawei's business in the U.S. market".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/02/13/chinas-hauwei-top-us-intelligence-chiefs-caution-americans-away.html|title=Six top US intelligence chiefs caution against buying Huawei phones|last=Salinas|first=Sara|date=2018-02-13|work=CNBC|access-date=2018-02-15}}</ref> In March 2018, it was reported that [[Best Buy]], the country's largest electronics store chain, would no longer sell Huawei products.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/22/17151186/best-buy-huawei-smartphone-china|title=Best Buy won't sell Huawei phones, laptops, or smartwatches anymore|work=The Verge|access-date=2018-03-23}}</ref>

On April 17, 2018, the [[Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC) held a preliminary, 5–0 vote on rules forbidding the use of government subsidies to purchase telecom equipment from companies deemed to be a risk to national security. A draft of the policy specifically named Huawei and ZTE as examples.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-04-17/huawei-zte-targeted-as-security-ban-advances-at-u-s-fcc|title=Huawei and ZTE Targeted While Security Ban Advances at U.S. FCC|date=2018-04-17|work=Bloomberg.com|access-date=2018-04-18|language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/17/technology/china-huawei-washington.html|title=Huawei, Failing to Crack U.S. Market, Signals a Change in Tactics|last=Zhong|first=Raymond|date=2018-04-17|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-04-18|last2=Mozur|first2=Paul|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref> The same day, the company revealed plans to downplay the U.S. market as part of its future business plans, citing the government scrutiny as having impeded its business there.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnbc.com/2018/04/17/chinese-electronics-giant-huawei-signals-a-change-in-tactics.html|title=Chinese electronics giant Huawei signals a change in tactics after failing to crack US market|last=Mozur|first=Raymond Zhong and Paul|date=2018-04-17|work=CNBC|access-date=2018-04-18}}</ref>

Three members of the [[Five Eyes|Five Eyes international intelligence alliance]]—Australia, Canada, New Zealand and the US—have declared the use of Huawei telecommunications equipment, particularly in [[5G| 5G networks]], poses "significant security risks", while Canada is carrying out its own security review; only Britain is permitting the company to participate in the rollout of the new technology.<ref>{{cite news |title=Why has the UK not blocked Huawei? |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-46370014 |accessdate=28 November 2018 |work=BBC News |date=28 November 2018}}</ref> In late November 2018, the [[New Zealand]] signals intelligence agency [[Government Communications Security Bureau]] blocked telecommunications company [[Spark New Zealand|Spark]] from using Huawei equipment in its planned 5G upgrade, claiming that it posed a "significant network security risk." The NZ ban followed a similar ban in [[Australia]] in August 2018.<ref>{{cite news |title=New Zealand halts Huawei from 5G upgrade over security fears |url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3&objectid=12167860 |accessdate=29 November 2018 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |publisher=''[[New Zealand Herald]]'' |date=29 November 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Huawei: NZ bars Chinese firm on national security fears |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-46368001 |accessdate=29 November 2018 |publisher=[[BBC News]] |date=28 November 2018}}</ref>

In October 2018, British telecom [[BT Group]] announced that it had been phasing out Huawei equipment from "core" components of its wireless infrastructure (excluding parts such as phone mast antennas), including its 5G services,<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-46453425|title=BT bars Huawei kit from core of 5G network|date=2018-12-05|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-12-26|language=en-GB}}</ref> and <ref name="auto7">{{Cite news|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-46672550|title=Huawei's kit removed from police network|date=2018-12-24|work=BBC News|access-date=2018-12-26|language=en-GB}}</ref>

In December 2018, Arne Schönbohm, head of [[Germany]]'s [[Federal Office for Information Security]] (BSI), stated that the country had not yet seen evidence that Huawei had used its equipment to conduct espionage on behalf of China.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.itwire.com/security/85652-german-it-watchdog-says-no-evidence-to-back-huawei-spying-claims.html|title=iTWire – German IT watchdog says no evidence to back Huawei spying claims|last=Varghese|first=Sam|website=IT Wire|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-12-26}}</ref> That month, it was also reported that the [[Japan]]ese government had ceased future procurement of Huawei and ZTE products.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/east-asia/japan-to-ban-govt-use-of-huawei-zte-telecoms-products-say-reports|title=Japan to ban govt use of Huawei, ZTE telecoms products, say reports|last=hermes|date=2018-12-08|website=The Straits Times|language=en|access-date=2018-12-26}}</ref> Same month, [[Czech Republic|Czech]] government office stopped using mobile phones by Huawei following warnings by National Cyber and Information Security Agency that the hardware and software made by Huawei and [[ZTE]] pose a security threat,.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2018/12/18/world/europe/ap-eu-czech-huawei.html|website=nytimes.com|title=Czech Government Office Stops Using Huawei Mobile Phones}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-czech-huawei/czech-cyber-watchdog-calls-huawei-zte-products-a-security-threat-idUSKBN1OG1Z3|website=reuters.com|title=Czech cyber watchdog calls Huawei, ZTE products a security threat}}</ref> But on Dec 27th, Czech's NSC(National Security Council) refutes the cyber watchdog's assessment and the Czech government reverses the ban on Huawei. [[BT Group]] announced the removal of Huawei equipment from the upcoming UK Emergency Services Network over similar concerns.<ref name="auto7"/>

In December 2018, [[Gavin Williamson]], the UK's Defence Secretary, expressed "grave" and "very deep concerns" about the company providing technology to upgrade Britain's services to 5G. He accused [[Beijing]] of acting "sometimes in a malign way". [[Alex Younger]], the head of [[MI6]], also raised questions about Huawei's role.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-46690627|title=BBC News: Huawei: 'Deep concerns' over firm's role in UK 5G upgrade|website=BBC News|language=en-gb|access-date=2018-12-27}}</ref>

Federal prosecutors have undertaken a criminal investigation against [[Huawei Technologies|Huawei Technologies Co.]] for allegedly stealing trade secrets from their USA based business partners. They have allegedly even stolen technical knowhow used by [[T-Mobile US|T-Mobile US Inc.]] to test smartphones.<ref>https://www.wsj.com/articles/federal-prosecutors-pursuing-criminal-case-against-huawei-for-alleged-theft-of-trade-secrets-11547670341</ref>

=== Treatment of workforce and customers ===
A [[U.S. Army]] Strategic Studies Institute report on [[Argentina]] published in September 2007 describes Huawei as "known to bribe and trap clients". The report details unfair business practices, such as customers framed by "full-paid trips" to China and monetary "presents" offered and later used by Huawei as "a form of extortion".<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB806.pdf |title=China's expansion into and U.S. withdrawal from Argentina's telecommunications and space industries and the implications for U.S. national security |last=Hulse |first=Janie |date=September 2007 |work=strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil |publisher=U.S. Army Strategic Studies Institute |accessdate=10 October 2011}}</ref>

According to a [[WikiLeaks]] cable, in 2006, Michael Joseph, then-CEO of [[Safaricom|Safaricom Ltd]], allegedly struggled to cancel a contract with Huawei due to poor after-sales experience, after which the Kenyan government pressured him to reinstate the contract.<ref>{{cite web |url = http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=205161 |title=WikiLeaks Cable Casts Dim Light on Huawei |last=Le Maistre |first=Ray |date=3 March 2011 |work=lightreading.com |publisher=Light Reading Asia |accessdate=10 October 2011}}</ref> When questioned regarding this incident, Joseph replied, "It [the cable] is not a reflection of the truth as evidenced by Safaricom being a major purchaser of Huawei products including all 3G, switching and the recent OCS billing system upgraded over the weekend."<ref>{{cite news |title = Wikileaks exposes US jitters over tender awards to China |url = http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Wikileaks+exposes+US+jitters+over+tender+awards+to+China/-/539546/1117866/-/view/printVersion/-/11j6ba/-/index.html |newspaper = Business Daily Africa |date=March 2011 |accessdate=10 October 2011}}</ref>

In May 2010, it was reported in ''[[The Times of India]]'', that security agencies in [[India]] became suspicious of Chinese Huawei employees after learning that Indian employees allegedly did not have access to part of Huawei's [[Bangalore]] research and development (R&D) office building.<ref name=TimesIndia>{{Cite news |url = http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-05-06/telecom/28316060_1_huawei-india-security-agencies-r-d-facility |title = Huawei Technologies bans Indians in India |date=6 May 2010 |website=The Times of India |accessdate = 15 May 2011}}</ref> Huawei responded that the company employs over 2,000 Indian engineers and just 30 Chinese engineers in the R&D center in Bangalore, and "both Indian and Chinese staff have equal access rights to all our information assets and facilities".<ref>{{cite news
 |title=Huawei invites Govt to inspect India offices
 |url=http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2010/05/13/stories/2010051351160700.html
 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130204024123/http://www.thehindubusinessline.com/2010/05/13/stories/2010051351160700.html
 |dead-url=yes
 |archive-date=4 February 2013
 |newspaper=The Hindu
 |date=13 May 2010
 |accessdate=10 October 2011
}}</ref> According to ''The Times of India'', the intelligence agencies also noted that Chinese employees of Huawei had extended their stay in Bangalore for many months.<ref name=TimesIndia /> Huawei stated that many of these employees were on one-and-a-half-year international assignments to serve as a technical bridge between in-market teams and China, and that "all the Chinese employees had valid visas and did not overstay".<ref>{{cite news |title=No secret tests at Huawei facility, says company |url = http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/news-by-industry/telecom/No-secret-tests-at-Huawei-facility-says-company/articleshow/5923142.cms |newspaper = The Economic Times |date=12 May 2010 |accessdate=10 October 2011}}</ref>

In October 2007, 7,000 Huawei employees resigned and were then rehired on short-term contracts, thereby apparently avoiding the unlimited contract provisions of the Labour Contract Law of the People's Republic of China. The company denied it was exploiting loopholes in the law, while the move was condemned by local government and trade unions.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.clb.org.hk/en/node/50739 |title=ABC Radio Australia: CHINA: Companies seeking loopholes in new labour laws |last1 = Crothall | first1 = Geoffrey |first2=Karon |last2=Snowdon |date=12 November 2007 |publisher=China Labour Bulletin |accessdate=24 February 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716065253/http://www.clb.org.hk/en/node/50739 |archivedate=16 July 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref><ref name="clb_100253">{{cite web|url=http://www.clb.org.hk/en/node/100253 |title=Is corporate "wolf-culture" devouring China's over-worked employees? |date=27 May 2008 |publisher=China Labour Bulletin |accessdate=24 February 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20081006132653/http://www.clb.org.hk/en/node/100253 |archivedate=6 October 2008 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

Huawei's treatment of its workforce in [[Guangdong Province]], Southern China also triggered a media outcry after a 25-year-old software engineer, Hu Xinyu, died in May 2006 from bacterial [[encephalitis]], as a result of what is believed{{by whom|date=March 2013}} to have been work-related fatigue.<ref>{{cite news |title=CBC News: Stemming the brain drain |url = http://www.cbc.ca/news/viewpoint/vp_metz/20071105.html |first=Trevor |last=Metz |date=12 November 2007 |accessdate=20 April 2010 |publisher=CBC News |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110120111359/http://www.cbc.ca/news/viewpoint/vp_metz/20071105.html |archivedate =20 January 2011 |deadurl=yes}}</ref><ref name="ohmynews60607">{{Cite news |url = http://english.ohmynews.com/articleview/article_view.asp?menu=c10400&no=296942&rel_no=1 |title = Worked to Death in China |last=Xu |first=Zhiqiang |date=7 June 2006 |work=OhmyNews International |publisher=OhmyNews International |accessdate=27 April 2010 |location=Korea}}</ref>

In its 2010 Corporate Social Responsibility report, Huawei highlighted the importance of employee [[health and safety]]. In 2010, Huawei provided annual health checks to all full-time employees and performed 3,200 checks to employees exposed to occupational health risks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/corporate-citizenship/csr-report/index.htm |title=CSR Report 2010 |year=2010 |website=Huawei.com |publisher=Huawei |accessdate=10 October 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20111107200133/http://www.huawei.com/en/about-huawei/corporate-citizenship/csr-report/index.htm |archivedate= 7 November 2011 |df= }}</ref>

Also, in 2011 Huawei initiated a Scholarship program, "Huawei Maitree Scholarship", for Indian students studying in China.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hindustantimes.com/HTEducation/Chunk-HT-UI-HTEducationSectionPage-HorizonsAlertsScholarships/Huawei-Maitree-Scholarship-Programme-2012/SP-Article1-845422.aspx |title=Huawei Maitree Scholarship Programme 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131225105046/http://www.hindustantimes.com/HTEducation/Chunk-HT-UI-HTEducationSectionPage-HorizonsAlertsScholarships/Huawei-Maitree-Scholarship-Programme-2012/SP-Article1-845422.aspx |archivedate=25 December 2013 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>

===Alleged violation of economic sanctions===
In April 2018, it was reported that the [[U.S. Justice Department]] had joined the U.S. Treasury Department's [[Office of Foreign Assets Control]], or OFAC, and the [[Department of Commerce]], to investigate possible violations of [[economic sanctions]] by Huawei for its provision of equipment in [[Iran]], [[North Korea]], [[Syria]], and [[Venezuela]]. The U.S. inquiry stems from an earlier sanctions-violation probe that ultimately led to penalties against [[ZTE]].<ref>Sheridan Prasso (25 April 2018). [https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-04-25/fbi-is-said-to-probe-huawei-for-possible-sanctions-violations "Huawei Said to Be Probed by FBI for Possible Iran Violations"]. ''Bloomberg Technology''. Retrieved 9 August 2018.</ref>

On 1 December 2018, Huawei vice-chairwoman and CFO [[Meng Wanzhou]],<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/07/technology/meng-wanzhou-huawei-arrest.html|title=Meng Wanzhou Was Huawei’s Professional Face, Until Her Arrest|last=Zhong|first=Raymond|date=2018-12-07|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-12-08}}</ref> daughter of company founder Ren Zhengfei, was arrested in Canada at the request of U.S. authorities. She faces extradition to the United States on charges of violating [[United States sanctions against Iran|sanctions against Iran]].<ref name="auto6"/> The 22 August 2018 arrest warrant was issued by the US District Court for the Eastern District of New York.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/12/07/tech/huawei-cfo-us-case/index.html|title=US case against Huawei CFO revealed in Canadian court |agency=CNN |publisher=Cable News Network. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc.|date=7 December 2018}}</ref>
Meng is "charged with conspiracy to defraud multiple international institutions", according to the prosecutor.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/bail-hearing-huawei-cfo-1.4936150|title=US case against Huawei CFO revealed in Canadian court |agency=CBC News|publisher=CBC Turner Broadcasting System, Inc.|date=7 December 2018}}</ref> The warrant was based on allegations of a conspiracy to defraud banks which were clearing money that was claimed to be for Huawei, but was actually for Skycom, an entity claimed to be entirely controlled by Huawei, which was said to be dealing in Iran, contrary to sanctions. None of the allegations have been proven in court.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-12-08/market-shaking-u-s-case-against-huawei-cfo-rolls-into-next-week|title=Chinese state media says U.S. trying to 'stifle' Huawei with arrest. |agency=Bloomberg Technology |publisher=Bloomberg|date=7 December 2018}}</ref> On 11 December 2018, [[Meng Wanzhou]] was released on bail.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/12/11/tech/huawei-meng-wanzhou-bail-decision/index.html|title=Facing extradition to the US, Huawei's CFO is released on bail in Canada|last=Horowitz|first=Julia|date=12 December 2018|work=CNN|access-date=18 December 2018|last2=Moya|first2=Alberto|last3=McLean|first3=Scott}}</ref>

On 28 January 2019, the U.S. Department of Justice formally charged Huawei and Wanzhou with thirteen counts of bank fraud and stealing trade secrets.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-47036515 | title = US files charges against China's Huawei and CFO Meng Wanzhou | date = 28 January 2019 | accessdate = 28 January 2018 | work =[[BBC]] }}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Telecommunication|Companies|China}}
<!-- New links in alphabetical order please -->
* [[Femtocell]]
* [[Huawei 4G eLTE|Huawei 4G eLTE in Africa Sub Sahara]]
* [[Shortest Path Bridging]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|https://www.huawei.com/}}

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