View source for Victory (1847 ship)

{{for|other ships called Victory|Victory (disambiguation)}}
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'''''Victory''''' was built by Fenwick & Co, [[Sunderland, Tyne and Wear|Sunderland]] in 1847 and owned by Willis, Gunn and Co (the company advertised as H H Willis and Co)<ref>Page 1 Advertisements Column 1, ''New Zealander'', Volume 7, Issue 581, 8 November 1851, Page 1</ref> and later owned by Wilson and Cook. She was a 578- or 579-ton barque that brought some of the first immigrants from England to [[Dunedin]] in July 1848. She also called at [[Wellington, New Zealand]], in August 1848.<ref>Page 2 Advertisements Column 3, ''New Zealand Spectator and Cook's Strait Guardian'', Volume IV, Issue 319, 19 August 1848, Page 2</ref> There was an advertisement that gave her weight as 700 tons, but, given that her captain in 1851 was Mullens, it was unlikely to be another ship.

==Revolt==
Among the Wellington-bound passengers was [[Charles Borlase]], one of Wellington's early mayors. The ship's captain was William Lennox Mullens and had sailed from [[Deal, Kent|Deal]] on 6 March 1848. She first arrived in [[Port Chalmers]] on 8 July 1848 and then sailed to Wellington, arriving on 16 August 1848. A journey of 163 days. The ship then sailed to [[Sydney]] in September/October.<ref>Ships in harbour, ''[[Sydney Morning Herald]]'', 19 October 1848, page 2</ref>

This journey to New Zealand was eventful. Mr L Langland, a passenger, had kept a diary of the journey. The ship left [[Gravesend, Kent|Gravesend]] on 3 March and had run into bad weather in the [[English Channel]], sheltering at [[Cowes]] for ten days. The captain's treatment of the crew was poor and the relationship between both deteriorated. A seaman named Robinson, respected by the crew, kept matters under control. He was a good sailor and popular with the passengers. The captain was described as very reserved man who kept to himself and was aloof from the crew. Just before the ship reached the [[Bay of Biscay]], the crew, with Robinson's help, refused to obey an unreasonable order from the captain. The captain was unable to obtain the support of the passengers and relented. Robinson took charge from then on whenever the weather was rough, with the captain having little to do with the running of the ship. On arriving in Dunedin, Robinson was arrested and charged with assault. He and three crew members were imprisoned for a short period, eventually being released to join the crew of a visiting whaler.<ref>''Revolt on the Victory'', Henry Brett, White Wings (volume II), The Brett Printing Company Limited, 1928, Auckland</ref>

==Death of Captain Mullens==
Captain Mullens met a tragic end. The ship was chartered to carry Chinese [[coolie]]s from Cumsingmoon (maybe [[Jiangmen]]) to [[Callao, Peru]]. She sailed from China on 6 December 1851, with more than 350 on board and a general cargo. The ship normally carried just over 100 migrants, so the conditions would have been poor. Mistreatment of coolie migrants was common, and mutinies by them were becoming more frequent at the time of this voyage.<ref>"The Beginning of the Emigration process (1852–1854)", ''The Chinese in the West Indies, 1806–1995: A Documentary History'', Walton Look Lai, University of the West Indies, 1998, page 100</ref>

Between 2 pm and 3 pm on 10 December 1851, while near [[Phú Quý|Pulo Supato]] in the [[South China Sea]], the coolies, led by Ah-mang, commandeered the ship. They killed Captain Mullens, Second Mate James Aransono, cook Edward Bailey, and seaman Henry Watt. The remaining crew were disarmed. Chief Mate William Vagg, who had survived, was compelled by the coolies to steer the ship. He first sailed for [[Cape Cà Mau|Point Kamao]] (the southernmost point of [[Vietnam]]), but the coolies, on finding the area uninhabited, directed him to sail to Koon Chin or Ko-nana, [[Cochin China]]. That proved too difficult, so he was forced to steer for the island of [[Hon Khoai|Pulo Ubi]], about {{convert|20|km|abbr=on}} south of Point Kamao, where they anchored. Pulo Ubi and Point Kamao were considered part of [[Cambodia]] at that time. About 50 coolies left the boat at Pulo Ubi after destroying its papers and log books, as well as taking most of its cargo. The boat then sailed to another island to the east of Pulo Ubi, where the remainder of the coolies left.

During the voyage, fights had broken out among the coolies, and on at least one occasion, some tried to set fire to the boat. A number were killed or murdered, including Ah-mang, and a number were thrown overboard alive. The crew had made a couple of attempts to escape, but these were unsuccessful. After the coolies left, Vagg sailed for [[Singapore]], arriving there on about 29 January 1852.<ref>Naylor and others vs Palmer and another, ''The Common Law Reports: Reports of Cases Argued and Determined in All the Superior Courts of Common Law, Great Britain''. Court of Exchequer Chamber, Great Britain – Courts, Great Britain. Court of Exchequer Chamber, Editor John Bury Dasent, A & G A Spottiswoode, 1854, pages 356-362</ref><ref>''[[The Straits Times]]'', Singapore, 27 January 1852, Page 3</ref>

Thirty of the coolies from ''Victory'' were located at Kamao and captured by the rajah. He had them deported to Pulo Ubi. The remainder were reported to be at Hoonding in [[Cambodia]], and it was rumoured that the king was going to banish them. The Singapore papers reported that the naval commander-in-chief at Singapore was going to order {{HMS|Cleopatra|1835|6}}, under [[Thomas Leeke Massie|Captain Thomas L Massie]], and SV ''Semiramis'', an [[East India Company]] frigate, to call at these places on their way to China.<ref>Captain Welsh of the barque Polka, ''[[The Straits Times]]'', 16 March 1852, Page 5</ref> These boats left Singapore on 17 March.<ref>Singapore Shipping, ''[[The Straits Times]]'', 23 March 1852, Page 7</ref>

==Voyages==
''Victory'' Barque, Captain Mullens, arrived at Stanley, Falkland Islands on 8th October 1849 from London England with Pensioners etc namely 134 men women and children; with a cargo of houses and appurtenances. 'Victory sailed from Stanley on 27 November 1849. ''[[The Shipping Registers Jane Cameron National Archives Ref [SHI/REG/1] Stanley Falkland Islands]]'' </ref>

She returned to [[Auckland, New Zealand]], again under Captain Mullens, on 1 February 1851 and then to Wellington on 22 March 1851, having left London on 4 October 1850 via Sydney.<ref>"Shipping Intelligence", ''Wellington Independent'', Volume VI, Issue 568, 22 March 1851, Page 2</ref>

She was again in Australia on 28 February 1853, sailing for London via [[Bombay]] under Captain W Vagg.<ref>"Port of Geelong", ''[[The Argus (Melbourne)|The Argus]]'', Melbourne, 2 March 1853, page 5</ref>

The ship sailed from London on 29 December 1853 to [[Perth]] 24 March 1854.

On 24 May 1855, the ship, under Captain Slaphins, was back in Sydney, having sailed on 6 February from Southampton with another load of immigrants.<ref>''The Maitland Mercury & Hunter River General Advertiser'', 30 May 1855, page 2</ref>

''Victory'' was still sailing to New Zealand in the late 1850s and early 1860s. She brought migrants to [[Lyttelton, New Zealand|Lyttelton]] in May 1859 and again in 1860, and to Dunedin from [[Glasgow]] in 1861 under Captain Stevens. On 17 June 1859, her return journey, she sailed from Lyttleton to London via Batavia.<ref>Early settlers, ''Otago Witness'', 17 April 1907, Page 49</ref> On 13 October 1863, under Captain Gregory, she brought [[Lancashire]] immigrants to [[Timaru]] and other parts from [[Southampton]].<ref>''The Lyttelton Times'', Tuesday 20 October 1863</ref> The paper also noted that the ship's owner had changed.

The ship's fate is unknown.

==Co-existing ships==
There were at least five other ships with the name ''Victory'' that co-existed with this ship and sailed in the same waters: 
* a 600-ton sailing ship ''Victory'' that was at Singapore in January 1852<ref>Advertisements, Column 1, ''The Straits Times'', 3 February 1852, Page 3</ref>
* a {{convert|164|ft|6|in|abbr=on}}, 1855 785-ton ''Victory'' on the Liverpool–Australia service, built by O E Tam & Co [[Quebec]] and owned by H Campbell.
* a {{convert|146|ft|abbr=on}}, 1860 595-ton ''Victory'' owned by Briggs of Sunderland and used on the Sunderland–Australia service.
* steam ship ''Victory'' of 501 tons, under Captain Toogood that ran aground on the beach in [[Victory Beach|Wickliffe Bay]] near Dunedin in 1861.<ref>"Victory", ''Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle'', Volume XXI, Issue 75, 3 September 1862, Page 2</ref><ref>''Otago Press'', Volume I, Issue 8, 13 July 1861, Page 5</ref> This ship sailed on the Trans-Tasman service.
* a 1119-ton, {{convert|205|ft|abbr=on}} iron ''Victory'' built at Glasgow in 1863 and owned by Potter & Co, that made her maiden voyage to Port Chalmers.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Immigration to New Zealand]]
[[Category:1847 ships]]
[[Category:Barques]]
[[Category:Mutinies]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in December 1851]]
[[Category:Coolie trade]]
[[Category:History of Dunedin]]
[[Category:Victorian-era passenger ships of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:1848 in New Zealand]]
[[Category:1840s in Dunedin]]