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'''[[That's Why They Call Me Shine]]'''

== "Shine" history ==
Dabney composed several ragtimes, including:

* From ''His Honor the Barber,'' first produced by [[Sherman H. Dudley|S.H. Dudley]] in 1909, with a notable production by Dudley in 1911 at the [[Majestic Theatre (Columbus Circle)|Majestic Theater]], currently the site if the [[Time Warner Center]]; stars included Dudley and [[Aida Overton Walker]] (1880–1914), who sang "Shine"<ref name="Wikipedia-Armstrong" />
<ol type="1" start="1">
<li> "[[Shine (1910 song)|Shine]]" (©1910), [[R.C. McPherson]] ''(aka'' [[Cecil Mack]]) and Ford Dabney, publisher<ref name="Copyright Shine E244353 ©1910" group=lower-roman /> words [[Cecil Mack]], music by Dabney. The song (which was originally called "[[That's Why They Call Me Shine]]"). Artists who recorded "Shine" include:</ol><br /><br />

{{cquote|According to songwriter [[Perry Bradford]], the song was inspired by a real person named 'Shine' (possibly 'Kid Shine'), a street tough who was a friend of [[George Walker (vaudeville)|George Walker]], and who was caught with Walker in the New York City race riot of August 1900|25px|25px| (attribution?)<ref name="Brooks 2004" />}}<br /><br />

{{cquote|Not only do the lyrics echo themes in [[Paul Laurence Dunbar]]'s 1895 poem 'We Wear the Mask,' the text signifies what [[W. E. B. Du Bois|Du Bois]] calls living a 'double life, with double thoughts, double duties, and double social classes {{nowrap| ... }}' The lyrics of 'Shine' draw our attention to the double consciousness of racial identity, and parody racism through inverting the position of the signifier. The signifier ([[Aida Overton Walker|Walker]]) inverts the signified (racial identification; ''i.e.,'' names), subverting racist signification. 'Shine,' [[Richard S. Newman|Richard Newman]] writes, 'is almost a song of social protest in its [[antiracism]].'<ref name="Krasner 1995 Sum" />}}

In 1924, fourteen years after "Shine" was published, [[Lew Brown]] changed the lyrics from a black man singing about himself to a shoe shine man who has a sunny outlook.

== "Shine" selected discography ==
::* [[Louis Armstrong]] (studio, March 9, 1931, [[Los Angeles]], [[Matrix number|matrix]] 404421-C, [[Okeh Records|Okeh]] 41486),
::* [[Count Basie]],
::* [[Sidney Bechet]] (studio, August 25, 1953, [[New York City|New York]], [[Matrix number|matrix]] BN520-4, [[Blue Note Records|Blue Note]] BLP7026),
::* [[Bing Crosby]] (studio, February 29, 1932, [[New York City|New York]], [[Matrix number|matrix]] 11376-A, [[Brunswick Records|Brunswick]] 6276),
::* [[Ella Fitzgerald]] (studio, November 19, 1936, [[New York City|New York]], [[Matrix number|matrix]] 61421-A, [[Decca Records|Decca]] 1062),
::* [[Frankie Laine]] (studio, 1947, [[Matrix number|matrix runout]] 1131-7 P 19 R S, [[Mercury Records|Mercury]] ‎5091).
::* A [[Cover version|cover]] by [[Django Reinhardt]] with vocalist sung [[Dooley Wilson]] playing Sam was included in the 1942 film ''[[Casablanca (film)|Casablanca]].'' (October 15, 1936, [[Paris]], [[Matrix number|matrix]] OLA1293-1)</ol>

=== Scores ===
== Chief collaborators ==
:'''As songwriters'''
* [[Cecil Mack]] (1873–1944); re: ''[[Shine (1910 song)|Shine]]''
* [[Lew Brown]] (1893–1958)

== Selected audio ==
* Showarama Gypsy Jazz, Magnolia Entertainment NOLA
:: "Shine" (instrumental only; [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BraJYEntJTE audio] ''via'' [[YouTube]])

* {{Hanging indent |text=[[Dick Hyman]], from the album ''There Will Never Be Another You,'' Jazz Connaisseur JCCD 9831-2, Live, [[Old Church (Boswil)|Old Church]] [[:de:Alte Kirche (Boswil)|(de)]], [[Boswil]], [[Switzerland]], October 25, 1998
:: "Shine" ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1nAPI23iRQ audio] ''via'' [[YouTube]]) }}

* {{Hanging indent |text=[[Bing Crosby]] with the [[The Mills Brothers]], [[Brunswick Records|Brunswick]] 6276 & 6485, [[Matrix number|Matrix]] B11376A, recorded February 29, 1932, [[New York City|New York]]; {{OCLC|244487099}} }}
:: "Shine" ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uAHTyY2UM4c audio] ''via'' [[YouTube]])
:: "Shine" ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kedejJAN0dU audio] ''via'' [[YouTube]])

* {{Hanging indent |text=[[Quintette du Hot Club de France]]: [[Stephane Grappelli]] (violin), [[Django Reinhardt]] (guitar), [[Joseph Reinhardt]] (guitar), [[Baro Ferret]] (guitar), [[Louis Vola]] (bass), [[Freddy Taylor|Freddy Taylor]], vocalist }}
: Grammophon (F)K-7790, [[Matrix number|Matrix]] OLA1293-1, recorded October 15, 1936, [[Paris]]
:: "Shine" ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eqh09MOlsWQ audio] ''via'' [[YouTube]])

=== Rollography ===
* Played by [[Lee Sims]] (1898–1966), United States Piano Roll Company, Roll 42089
:: "Shine" ([https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qbqEPIXoxOc audio] ''via'' [[YouTube]])

* [[Ferde Grofé]] (1892–1972) ("assisted"), [[Ampico]] 205001-E, "recording with words"
:: "Shine," fox trot, E{{music|flat}}<ref name="Ferde-Grofe Shine" />

== Filmography ==
* ''[[Casablanca (film)|Casablanca]] (1934)

* 1941 Paramount feature film: ''[[Birth of the Blues]]''
:: "That's Why They Call Me Shine"

== Gotham-Attucks ==
: '''(notes)'''
=== Addresses ===
: 1907: 42 West 28th Street, New York, New York <!--<ref name="NYC-Directory 1907">-->[https://archive.org/details/trowsgeneraldir1907p2trow/page/n17/mode/2up "Trow's General Directory of the Boroughs of Manhattan and Bronx"] (part 2 of 3) (re: "Gotham-Attucks Music"), [[John Fowler Trow|Trow Directory, Printing and Bookbinding Company ]], Vol. 120, July 1, 1907, p. 570

=== Gotham-Attucks Music Company ===
==== Personnell ====
: '''1907'''
: 42 West 28th Street, New York
* Alexander Rogers, President
* Richard C. McPherson, Secretary
: (Capital $10,000)
: '''Directors'''
* Alexander Rogers
* [[Richard C. McPherson]]
* [[Barron D. Wilkins]] [[:de:Barron Wilkins’ Exclusive Club|(de)]] (1862–1924)<ref name="Barron-bio by Kiernal 2013" />
* [[George Walker (vaudeville)|George W. Walker]]
* [[Bert Williams|Bert W. Williams]]
* [[Jesse A. Shipp]]: 1907: 42 West 28th Street, New York, New York

: <!--<ref name="NYC-Directory 1907">-->''The Trow City Directory Co.'s Copartnership and Corporation Directory,'' [[John Fowler Trow|Trow Directory, Printing and Bookbinding Company]], Vol. 54, March 1906<div style="margin-left:2em">{{Hanging indent |text=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8cQpAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA46 "Attucks Music Pub. Co.,"] p. 46 }}{{Hanging indent |text=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8cQpAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA285 "Gotham Music Publishing Co.,"] p. 285 }}{{Hanging indent |text=[https://books.google.com/books?id=8cQpAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA286 "Gotham-Attucks Music Co.,"] p. 286 }}

== Josephine Hall ==
* Josephine Hall<ref name="Josephine-Hall-bio" group=Note />

== Notes, copyrights, references ==
=== Notes ===
{{reflist|group=Note|100em|refs=

<ref name="Josephine-Hall-bio">Josephine Hall ''(née'' Josephine McKissick; born January 1895 Denver) was a mezzo-soprano. She married, around 1918, Efbert E. Hall (1893–1932), a trombonist and former sideman with [[Charles Elgar's Creole Orchestra]]. Bert was an active member in the New York City Musicians' Union, Local 802. He also founded, in 1927, Rhythm Club in Manhattan, which flourished when the [[Clef Club]] was in decline. Josephine Hall remarried on June 17, 1937, in Manhattan to Charles Rufus Smith.</ref>

}}
----
: <!--<ref name="NYAge 1932 Mar 5">-->"Local Musicians Mourn Death of Bert Hall," by ''[[New York Age]],'' Vol. 46, No. 26, March 5, 1932, p. 1 (accessible ''via'' {{URL|https://www.newspapers.com/image/40888941|Newspapers.com}}; subscription required)</ref>

: <!--<ref name="NYAge 1941 Aug 2">-->"The Jazz Life" (1 of 8 Saturday columns that ran from July 8, 1941, when Nichols was drafted by the U.S. Army), by [[Herbert H. Nichols]] (1919–1963), ''[[New York Age]],'' Vol. 56, No. 10, August 2, 1941, p. 10 (accessible ''via'' {{URL|https://www.newspapers.com/image/40906427|Newspapers.com}}; subscription required)</ref>

: <!--<ref name="Pittsburgh Courier 1937 Jun 17">-->"Josephine Hall Sets Natal Day," ''[[Pittsburgh Courier]],'' Vol. 28, No. 25, June 17, 1937, p. 4, col. 2 (bottom) (accessible ''via'' {{URL|https://www.newspapers.com/image/40837729|Newspapers.com}}; subscription required)</ref>

: <!--<ref name="Pittsburgh Courier 1934 Oct 20">-->"Josephine Hall" (portrait photo), ''[[Pittsburgh Courier]],'' Vol. 25, No. 42, October 20, 1934, section 1, p. 6 (accessible ''via'' {{URL|https://www.newspapers.com/image/40064840|Newspapers.com}}; subscription required)</ref>

: <!--<ref name="Pittsburgh Courier 1932 May 28">-->"Talented Songbird: Josephine Hall" (portrait photo), ''[[Pittsburgh Courier]],'' Vol. 23, No. 21, May 28, 1932, section 2, p. 7 (accessible ''via'' {{URL|https://www.newspapers.com/image/39682653|Newspapers.com}}; subscription required)</ref>

: <!--<ref name="Efbert-Hall-bio">-->{{Flickr image inline link | puzzlemaster/3339425061 | "Bert Hall 1923"}}, (passport photo 1923), NYBAI13-5216 (retrieved February 24, 2020)</ref>

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=== Copyrights ===
: '''Original copyrights'''<br />
: '''''[[Catalog of Copyright Entries]], Part 3 Musical Compositions, New Series'', [[Library of Congress]], [[United States Copyright Office|Copyright Office]]'''
{{reflist|group=lower-roman|100em|refs=

<ref name="Copyright Shine E244353 ©1910">[https://books.google.com/books?id=GVMcAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA1565&lpg=PA1565&dq=%22dabney Vol. {{space|3}}5, December 1910, Nos. 48–52] (1910), p. 1565<div style="margin-left:2em">"That's Why They Call Me Shine;" from ''His Honor the Barber,'' words by [[Cecil Mack]], words by [[Ford Dabney]]; © 3 November 1910; 2 copies received 7 November 1910; Class E (musical composition) 244353; [[R.C. McPherson]] and [[Ford Dabney]], [[New York City|New York]]</ref>


}}
{{ref begin|100em}}
: '''''[[Catalog of Copyright Entries]], Third Series, Vol. 2, Part {{nowrap|5 A}} (Published Music), No. 1;'' [[Library of Congress]], [[United States Copyright Office|Copyright Office]]'''
:<!--<ref name="Copyright Shine EP29015 new-words ©1948">-->[https://books.google.com/books?id=zU4hAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA424 Vol. {{space|3}}5, January–June 1948] (1948), p. 424]<div style="margin-left:2em">"S-H-I-N-E" ("That's Why They Call Me Shine"); words by [[Cecil Mack]] and [[Lew Brown]], music by [[Ford Dabney]] (new words in chorus by Elliott Shapiro); © 25 February 1948; EP29015; [[Shapiro, Bernstein & Co., Inc.]], [[New York City|New York]]
{{ref end}}

: '''''[[Catalog of Copyright Entries]], Third Series, Renewal Registrations – Music,'' [[Library of Congress]], [[United States Copyright Office|Copyright Office]]'''<br />
: '''Copyright renewals'''
{{reflist|group=upper-roman|100em|refs=

}}

=== General references ===
{{ref begin|30em}}
<ol type="i" start="1">

{{ref end}}

=== General inline citations ===
{{Reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="Brooks 2004">''Lost Sounds: Blacks and the Birth of the Recording Industry, 1890-1919,'' by Tim Brooks, Richard Keith Spottswood, [[University of Illinois Press]] (2004; paperback 2005), p. 395<div style="margin-left:2em">{{OCLC|909117556}}; {{ISBN|0-252-07307-X}}; {{ISBN|0-252-02850-3}}; {{ISBN|978-0-2520-7307-6}}</ref>

<ref name="Wikipedia-Armstrong">''[https://books.google.com/books?id=q_arOL5NWRgC&pg=PA99&lpg=PA99&dq=%22That%27s+Why+They+Call+Me+Shine Louis Armstrong]'' – The complete guide, wikipedia, pps. 99–100</ref>

<ref name="Ferde-Grofe Shine">Copy at the [[University of North Texas Libraries]], [https://findingaids.library.unt.edu/?p=collections/findingaid&id=274&q=&rootcontentid=73642 "Joe M. Morris Piano Roll Collection, 1902–2006,"] Item 2456, re: "Shine" (piano roll), performed by [[Ferde Grofé]], [[Ampico]] 205001-E; {{OCLC|956792744}}</ref>

<ref name="Krasner 1995 Sum">"Parody and Double Consciousness in the Language of Early Black Musical Theatre," by David Krasner, ''[[African American Review]],'' Vol. 29, No. 2, Special Issues on The Music, Summer 1995, pps. 317–323; {{OCLC|5552846201|5855275910}} (accessible ''via'' [[JSTOR]] at {{URL|https://www.jstor.org/stable/3042310}}; subscription required)</ref>

<ref name="Barron-bio by Kiernal 2013">{{Flickr image inline link | mateox/9711998810 | "Barron's Exclusive Club, Harlem"}} (re: "Barron D. Wilkins"), by Matthew X. Kiernan (born abt 1950), (no date; photo taken September 9, 2013), NYBAI13-5216 (retrieved February 24, 2020)</ref>

}}

=== Genealogical records ===
{{Reflist|group=Genealogy|100em|refs=

}}

=== Historic newspapers, magazines, and journals ===
{{Reflist|group=upper-alpha|30em|refs=

}}

{{Authority control|TYP=p|GND=1012436438|LCCN=no/88/1058|VIAF=6946403}}
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