View source for Uvular ejective stop

{{Unreferenced|date=December 2009}}
{{infobox IPA
|ipa number=111 + 401
|ipa symbol=qʼ
|imagefile=IPA uvular ejective.png
|decimal1=113|decimal2=700
|x-sampa=q_&gt;
|kirshenbaum=q`}}
The '''uvular ejective''' is a type of [[consonant]]al sound, used in some [[Speech communication|spoken]] [[language]]s. The symbol in the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] that represents this sound is {{angbr IPA|qʼ}}.

==Features==
Features of the uvular ejective:

{{plosive}}
{{uvular}}
{{voiceless short}}
{{oral}}
{{central articulation}}
{{ejective}}

==Occurrence==
''One ejective''<br>
A single plain uvular ejective is found in almost all [[Northeast Caucasian languages]], all [[South Caucasian languages]], and some [[Athabaskan languages]], as well as [[Itelmen language|Itelmen]], [[Quechua language|Quechua]] and [[Aymara language|Aymara]].
*Itelmen, where it is written '''ӄ'''': '''ӄ''''ил'хч {{IPA|[qʼilˀxt͡ʃ]}} ''to depart''.
*[[Georgian language|Georgian]], where it is written '''ყ''': ტ'''ყ'''ავი {{IPA|[tʼqʼavi]}} ''skin'', ''pelt''. Unlike its [[velar ejective|velar]] counterpart, it does not contrast with [[voiced uvular stop|voiced]] or [[voiceless uvular stop]]s; the voiceless uvular stop of Old Georgian has merged with the voiceless velar fricative in modern Georgian. Some scholars view this Georgian phoneme as being rather an [[uvular ejective fricative]] {{IPA|/χʼ/}}.
*[[Tahltan language|Tahltan]]: {{IPA|[qʼaχaːdiː]}} ''door''.

''Two ejectives''<br>
Most [[Salishan languages]], the [[Tlingit language]], and [[Adyghe language|Adyghe]] and [[Kabardian language|Kabardian]] ([[Northwest Caucasian languages|Northwest Caucasian]]) demonstrate a two-way contrast between [[labialisation|labialised]] and plain uvular ejectives.
*[[Klallam language|Klallam]]: wə'''q̕'''ə́'''q̕''' {{IPA|[wəqʼəqʼ]}} ''frog'', s'''q̕ʷ'''úŋi(ʔ) {{IPA|[sqʷʼuɴi(ʔ)]}} ''head''.
*[[Lezgian language|Lezgian]], where the two are written '''кь''' and '''кьв''': '''кь'''а'''кь'''ан {{IPA|[qʼaqʼan]}} ''tall'', ''high'', '''кьв'''ех {{IPA|[qʷʼeχ]}} ''groin''.
*[[North Straits Salish language|North Straits Salish]], where the two are written '''K''' and '''K̴''' in the [[Saanich language|Saanich]] orthography: Saanich '''K'''EYOṮEN {{IPA|[qʼəjat͡ɬʼənˀ]}} ''slug'', ''snail'', S'''K̴'''EḰĆES {{IPA|[sqʷʼəqʷt͡ʃəs]}} ''red huckleberry''.
The [[Akhvakh language]] appears to have a contrast between [[tenseness|lax and tense]] uvular ejectives: {{IPA|[qʼaː]}} ''soup'', ''broth'' (lax) vs. {{IPA|[qːʼama]}} ''cock's comb'' (tense).

''Three ejectives''
*[[Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]] contrasts plain, palatalised and labialised uvular ejectives, written '''ҟ ҟь ҟə''': а'''ҟ'''аҧшь {{IPA|[aqʼapʃ]}} ''red'', -ҵə'''ҟь'''а {{IPA|[-t͡ɕʷʼqʲʼa]}} ''really'', ''indeed'' (a verbal suffix), А'''ҟә'''а {{IPA|[aqʷʼa]}} ''[[Sukhumi|Sukhum]]''. As with Georgian, Abkhaz has no non-ejective uvular stops; the historically present uvular aspirates have merged with their corresponding fricatives, although the aspirates are preserved in [[Abaza language|Abaza]].

''Five ejectives''
*The plain uvular ejective is one of the most common consonants in [[Ubykh language|Ubykh]], due to its presence in the past tense suffix {{IPA|/-qʼa/}}. But in addition to palatalised, labialised and plain uvular ejectives, Ubykh also possesses a [[pharyngealisation|pharyngealised]] version and a concurrently labialised ''and'' pharyngealised version, making a total of five: {{IPA|[qʼaqʼa]}} ''he said it'', {{IPA|[məqʲʼ]}} ''small and round'', {{IPA|[qʷʼa]}} ''to seize'', {{IPA|[qˤʼaqˤʼ]}} ''to chew'', {{IPA|[qʷˤʼa]}} ''cavern''.

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2"| Language !! Word !! [[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]!! Meaning !! Notes
|-
| colspan="2"| [[Abaza language|Abaza]] || [[Cyrillic script|'''къ'''апщы]]/k"apščy ||{{IPA|[qʼapɕə]}} || rowspan="2" | 'red' ||
|-
| colspan="2"| [[Abkhaz language|Abkhaz]] || [[Cyrillic script|а'''ҟ'''аҧшь]]/aƙaṕš' ||{{IPA|[aqʼapʃ]}} ||
|-
|[[Adyghe language|Adyghe]] || [[Hakuchi Adyghe dialect|Hakuchi]] || {{lang|kbd-Cyrl|[[Cyrillic script|'''къӏ'''э]]}}/k"ḣė ||{{Audio-IPA|Qʼa.ogg|[qʼa]}} || 'hand' || Dialectal. Corresponds to {{IPA|[ʔ]}} in other dialects.
|-
| colspan="2"| [[Archi language|Archi]] || [[Cyrillic script|'''къ'''ам]]/k"am ||{{IPA|[qʼam]}} || 'forelock' ||
|-
| colspain="2"| [[Azerbaijani language|Azeri]] || North dialects || [[Latin script|'''q'''ədim]] || {{IPA|[qʼæd̪i̞m]}} || 'ancient' ||
|-
| colspan="2"| [[Chechen language|Chechen]] || [[Cyrillic script|'''къ'''ийг]]/k"ijg ||{{IPA|[qʼiːg]}} || 'crow'||
|-
| colspan="2"| [[Georgian language|Georgian]] || [[Georgian alphabet|'''ყ'''რუ]]/q'ru ||{{IPA|[qʼru]}} || 'deaf'||
|-
| colspan="2"| [[Mingrelian language|Mingrelian]] || [[Georgian alphabet|ორტ'''ყ'''აფუ]]/orṭq'apu ||{{IPA|[ɔrtʼqʼapʰu]}}|| 'belt'||
|-
| colspan="2"| [[Laz language|Laz]] || [[Georgian alphabet|მ'''ყ'''ოროფონი]]/[[Turkish alphabet|m'''q'''oroponi]]||{{IPA|[mqʼɔrɔpʰni]}}|| 'loving'||
|-
| colspan="2"| [[Lushootseed]] || [[Lushootseed|'''q̓'''il̕bid]] || {{IPA|[qʼil̰bid]}} || 'canoe'||
|-
| colspan="2"| [[Svan language|Svan]] || [[Georgian alphabet|ჰა̈'''ყ'''ბა]]/haqba/haq̇ba ||{{IPA|[häqʼba]}}|| 'jaw'||
|-
| colspan="2"| [[Haida language|Haida]] || '''''qq'''ayttas'' || {{IPA|[qʼajtʼas]}} || 'basket'||
|-
| colspan="2"| [[Quechua language|Quechua]] || '''''q''''illu'' || {{IPA|[qʼɛʎʊ]}} || 'yellow'||
|-
| colspan="2" | [[Tlingit language|Tlingit]] || '''k̲ʼ'''ateil || {{Audio-IPA|K̲ʼateil.ogg|[qʼʌtʰeːɬ]}} || ‘pitcher’ ||
|}

==See also==
* [[List of phonetics topics]]

==External links==
* {{phoible|qʼ}}

{{IPA navigation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Uvular Ejective}}
[[Category:Uvular consonants]]
[[Category:Ejectives]]
[[Category:Oral consonants]]
[[Category:Central consonants]]