View source for 2023 Nepal earthquake

{{Short description|Magnitude 5.7 earthquake in Nepal}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2023}}
{{Infobox earthquake
| name = 2023 Nepal earthquake<br>{{Small|2023 नेपालमा भूकम्प}}
| timestamp = 2023-11-03 18:02:54
| anss-url = us7000l8p5
| isc-event = 635879604
| image = 
| alt = 
| caption = 
| map = <!-- file name only -->
| map_alt = 
| map_caption = 
| map2 = {{Location map | Nepal
 | relief = 1
 | label =
 | lat = 28.848
 | long = 82.187
 | mark = Bullseye1.png
 | marksize = 50
 | position = top
 | width = 260
 | float = right
 | caption = }}
| local-date = {{Start date|2023|11|03|df=y}}
| local-time = 23:47 [[Nepal Standard Time|NPT]] (UTC+5:45)
| duration = 
| magnitude = 5.7 {{M|w|link=y}}<br>6.4 {{M|L|link=y}}
| depth = {{convert|32.6|km|abbr=on}}
| location = {{Coord|28.848|N|82.187|E|region:NP-P6_type:event|display=inline,title}}
| type = 
| affected = [[Nepal]], [[India]]
| fault = 
| damages = Severe
| intensity = {{MMI|VIII}}
| pga = <!-- NN''[[Peak ground acceleration|g]]'' -->
| tsunami = 
| landslide = 
| foreshocks = 
| aftershocks = 109 (3 above magnitude 4.0,<ref name="onlineradionepal">{{cite news |trans-title=109 earthquake shocks in Jajarkot |title=जाजरकोटमा भूकम्पका १०९ धक्का |url=https://onlineradionepal.gov.np/2023/11/04/439288.html |date=4 November 2023 |access-date=4 November 2023 |work=[[Radio Nepal]] |archive-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104100251/https://onlineradionepal.gov.np/2023/11/04/439288.html |url-status=live }}</ref> and another measuring {{M|w}}5.3)
| casualties = * 153 dead, 375 injured (mainshock)
* 16 injured (6 November event)
}}
{{maplink|frame=yes|frame-align=|frame-width=|frame-height=|from=2023 Nepal earthquake.map|frame-latitude=28.93|frame-longitude=82.22|zoom=11|text=Map of main shock and aftershocks – ML 4.0 or greater ([[c:Data:2023 Nepal earthquake.map|map data]])}}
A [[moment magnitude]] 5.7 [[earthquake]] struck [[Jajarkot District]], [[Karnali Province]], [[Nepal]], at 23:47 [[Nepal Standard Time|NPT]] (18:02 UTC) on 3 November 2023,<ref name="guardian"/> killing 153 people and injuring at least 375.<ref>{{cite web |date=5 November 2023 |title=Nepal Earthquake Today Live: Death toll rises to 128 as strong quake rocks northwestern Nepal, termors felt in Delhi |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/earthquake-in-nepal-live-updates-dead-toll-rise-several-injured-rescue-search-operation-jajarkot-village-kathmandu/liveblog/104954627.cms |access-date=5 November 2023 |website=The Times of India|archive-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104210814/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/south-asia/earthquake-in-nepal-live-updates-dead-toll-rise-several-injured-rescue-search-operation-jajarkot-village-kathmandu/liveblog/104954627.cms |url-status=live }}</ref><ref name="aj">{{cite news|title=At least 119 killed as magnitude 5.6 quake hits western Nepal|url=https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/4/at-least-69-killed-as-magnitude-5-6-quake-hits-western-nepal|date=4 November 2023|access-date=4 November 2023|work=[[Al Jazeera Media Network|Al Jazeera]]|archive-date=4 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104053916/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/11/4/at-least-69-killed-as-magnitude-5-6-quake-hits-western-nepal|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="USGS">{{cite web|author=National Earthquake Information Center|title=M 5.7 – Nepal|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000l8p5/executive|date=3 November 2023|access-date=3 November 2023|publisher=United States Geological Survey|archive-date=3 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103182212/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000l8p5/executive|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="NYT1">{{cite web|title=Earthquake in Western Nepal Kills More Than 130|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/03/world/asia/nepal-earthquake.html|date=4 November 2023|access-date=4 November 2023|work=The New York Times|archive-date=4 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104010241/https://www.nytimes.com/2023/11/03/world/asia/nepal-earthquake.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The earthquake was widely felt in western Nepal and [[northern India]], and is the deadliest to strike the country since [[May 2015 Nepal earthquake|2015]].<ref name="japantimes">{{cite news|title=Scores dead after worst earthquake in Nepal since 2015|url=https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2023/11/04/asia-pacific/nepal-earthquake/|date=4 November 2023|access-date=4 November 2023|work=[[The Japan Times]]|archive-date=4 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104101621/https://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2023/11/04/asia-pacific/nepal-earthquake/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Tectonic setting==
{{Further|Geology of Nepal|Thrust tectonics}}
[[File:earthquake Information for Pakistan.png|thumb|left|150px|Plate tectonics of [[South Asia]].]]
Nepal lies in the [[Himalayas]], where earthquake activity is associated with ongoing continental collision between the [[Indian plate|Indian]] and [[Eurasian plate]]s. These plates converge at a rate of {{cvt|40–50|mm}} per year. The Indian plate is thrusted beneath the continental crust of the Eurasian plate, forming thrust faults along the collision zone. The [[Main Frontal Thrust]] predominantly accommodates this motion. Earthquakes along these thrust [[Fault (geology)|faults]] have been devastating in historic times.<ref name="Turner13">{{cite journal |last1=Turner |first1=Bethan |last2=Jenkins |first2=Jennifer |last3=Turner |first3=Rebecca |last4=A.L. |first4=Parker |last5=Alison |first5=Sinclair |last6=Sian |first6=Davies |last7=G.P. |first7=Hayes |last8=Antonio |first8=Villaseñor |last9=R.L. |first9=Dart |last10=A.C. |first10=Tarr |last11=K.P. |first11=Furlong |last12=H.M. |first12=Benz |title=Seismicity of the Earth 1900–2010 Himalaya and Vicinity |url=https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1083/j/ |access-date=4 November 2023 |publisher=United States Geological Survey |journal=Open-File Report 2010‒1083–J, Ver. 1.1 |year=2013 |archive-date=21 September 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230921012748/https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1083/j/ |url-status=live }}</ref>

Based on a study published in 2013, of the Main Frontal Thrust, on average a magnitude 8 or larger earthquake occurs every 750 ± 140 and 870 ± 350 years in the east Nepal region.<ref>{{cite journal |title=Return period of great Himalayan earthquakes in Eastern Nepal: evidence from the Patu and Bardibas strands of the Main Frontal Thrust |journal=Journal of Geophysical Research |doi=10.1002/2014JB010970 |author1=L. Bollinger |author2=S. N. Sapkota |author3=P. Tapponnier |author4=Y. Klinger |author5=M. Rizza |author6=J. Van der Woerd |author7=D. R. Tiwari |author8=R. Pandey |author9=A. Bitri |author10=S. Bes de Berc |year=2014 |bibcode=2014JGRB..119.7123B |volume=119 |issue=9 |pages=7123–7163 |hdl=10220/25516 |s2cid=56236286 |url=https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01110591/file/2014JB010970.pdf |access-date=4 November 2023 |archive-date=26 September 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220926054141/https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01110591/file/2014JB010970.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref> A study from 2015 found a 700-year delay between earthquakes in the region. The study also suggests that because of tectonic stress buildup, large earthquakes such as the [[1934 Nepal-Bihar earthquake|1934]] and [[April 2015 Nepal earthquake|2015]] events in Nepal may be connected, following a historic earthquake pattern.<ref>{{cite news|title=Nepal quake 'followed historic pattern'|date=27 April 2015|publisher=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-32472310|access-date=4 November 2023|archive-date=17 August 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230817050622/https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-32472310|url-status=live}}</ref> A 2016 study on historical great (M ≥ 8) earthquake pairs and cycles found that associated great earthquakes are likely to occur in the West China region through the 2020s.<ref name="West China">{{cite journal |last1 = Men |first1 = Ke-Pei |last2 = Zhao |first2 = Kai |title = The 2015 Nepal M8.1 earthquake and the prediction for M ≥ 8 earthquakes in West China |journal = Natural Hazards |volume = 82 |issue = 3 |pages = 1767–77 |date = 2016 |doi = 10.1007/s11069-016-2268-2 |bibcode = 2016NatHa..82.1767M |s2cid = 130330089 }}</ref>

==Earthquake==
[[File:2023-11-03 Nepal M5.7 earthquake shakemap (USGS).jpg|thumb|200px|right|Strong ground motion map produced by the United States Geological Survey]]
The [[United States Geological Survey]] (USGS) said the earthquake had a magnitude of {{M|ww}} 5.7 and a depth of {{Convert|32.6|km|mi}}. Nepal's National Earthquake Monitoring and Research Center recorded the earthquake at 6.4 on the [[local magnitude scale]] ({{M|l}}).<ref>{{cite web |title=Earthquakes – 2023 |url=https://seismonepal.gov.np/earthquakes |access-date=14 November 2023 |publisher=National Earthquake Monitoring & Research Center |date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106192457/https://seismonepal.gov.np/earthquakes |archive-date=6 November 2023}}</ref> The epicenter was estimated to be in [[Ramidanda]], in [[Jajarkot District]].<ref name="guardian"/> The [[Focal mechanism|fault plane solution]] was determined to be reverse faulting along a northwest–southeast trending plane dipping either northeast or southwest.<ref name="USGS"/> At least 483 aftershocks were recorded following the mainshock.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nepal earthquake: Thousands spend night outdoors in cold |date=11 November 2023 |work=The Kathmandu Post |url=https://kathmandupost.com/karnali-province/2023/11/11/seismologists-install-equipment-collect-data-from-affected-areas-to-study-quakes |access-date=12 November 2023 |archive-date=12 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112060347/https://kathmandupost.com/karnali-province/2023/11/11/seismologists-install-equipment-collect-data-from-affected-areas-to-study-quakes |url-status=live }}</ref> At least six of them were of magnitudes above 4.0.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nepal earthquake: Thousands spend night outdoors in cold |date=5 November 2023 |publisher=BBC |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-67325672 |access-date=6 November 2023 |archive-date=5 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105120612/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-67325672 |url-status=live }}</ref> A magnitude 5.3 aftershock occurred on 6 November.<ref name="USGS2">{{cite web|author=National Earthquake Information Center|title=M 5.3 – 37&nbsp;km ENE of Dailekh, Nepal|url=https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000l94m/executive|date=6 November 2023|access-date=6 November 2023|publisher=United States Geological Survey|archive-date=7 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107231337/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/us7000l94m/executive|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Impact==
At least 153 people were killed; 101 deaths occurred in [[Jajarkot District]] while 52 deaths occurred in [[Western Rukum District]].<ref name="republica">{{cite news |title=Earthquake death toll revised to 153 |url=https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/earthquake-death-toll-revised-to-153/ |access-date=6 November 2023 |work=Republica |date=6 November 2023 |archive-date=7 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107231338/https://myrepublica.nagariknetwork.com/news/earthquake-death-toll-revised-to-153/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The deputy mayor of [[Nalgad]] Municipality in Jajarkot, Sarita Singh, was among the fatalities.<ref name="kp1">{{cite news |title=Scores dead as 6.4M earthquake jolts west Nepal |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/04/scores-reported-dead-as-6-4m-earthquake-jolts-jajarkot |access-date=4 November 2023 |work=The Kathmandu Post |date=4 November 2023 |archive-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104093901/https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/04/scores-reported-dead-as-6-4m-earthquake-jolts-jajarkot |url-status=live }}</ref> At least 78 or nearly half of those killed were children.<ref name="nepallivetoday">{{cite news |title=Almost half of deceased in quake were children |url=https://www.nepallivetoday.com/2023/11/06/almost-half-of-deceased-in-quake-were-children/ |access-date=6 November 2023 |work=Nepal Live Today |date=6 November 2023 |archive-date=6 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106102742/https://www.nepallivetoday.com/2023/11/06/almost-half-of-deceased-in-quake-were-children/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A total of 51 people died in the municipality while 200 houses were destroyed.<ref name="kpawait"/><ref name="kplower">{{cite news |title=Death toll in Jajarkot earthquake revised to 153 |url=https://kathmandupost.com/karnali-province/2023/11/06/death-toll-in-jajarkot-earthquake-revised-to-153 |access-date=6 November 2023 |work=The Kathmandu Post |date=6 November 2023 |archive-date=6 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106082447/https://kathmandupost.com/karnali-province/2023/11/06/death-toll-in-jajarkot-earthquake-revised-to-153 |url-status=live }}</ref> Another 375 people were injured.<ref name="BBC1" /> Dr. Mandip Subedi, President of Nepal Geotechnical Society, Nepal, who visited the earthquake-affected area immediately after the earthquake, highlighted that despite the earthquake's relatively low magnitude, the high levels of damage and casualties were attributed to substandard construction in the region and because it occurred at night when people were asleep.<ref name="Sharma1" /> Many of the collapsed houses were made of stacked logs and rocks.<ref>{{cite web |author=Binaj Gurubacharya |title=Nepal rushes aid and rescue operations after strong quake shakes its northwest, killing at least 157 |url=https://apnews.com/article/nepal-india-earthquake-katmandu-new-delhi-e3fbed76b72419339d3c0edd9ad44ee2 |date=5 November 2023 |access-date=5 November 2023 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |archive-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104154554/https://apnews.com/article/nepal-india-earthquake-katmandu-new-delhi-e3fbed76b72419339d3c0edd9ad44ee2 |url-status=live }}</ref>

About 62,039 houses were affected across thirteen [[districts of Nepal]], of which 26,550 collapsed,<ref>{{cite report|title=Nepal: Western Nepal Earthquake 2023 – Situation Report No. 02, as of 10 November 2023|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/nepal-western-nepal-earthquake-2023-situation-report-no-02-10-november-2023|date=10 November 2023|access-date=10 November 2023|publisher=ReliefWeb|author=OCHA|archive-date=3 December 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231203062706/http://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/nepal-western-nepal-earthquake-2023-situation-report-no-02-10-november-2023|url-status=live}}</ref> mostly in Rukum West District.<ref>{{cite web|trans-title=Jajarkot earthquake damaged 35 thousand houses in 12 districts, how much? (list)|title=जाजरकोट भूकम्पले १२ जिल्लाका ३५ हजार घरमा क्षति, कहाँ कति? (सूची)|url=https://nepalkhabar.com/society/182748-2023-11-7-12-0-28|date=7 November 2023|access-date=7 November 2023|publisher=Nepal Khabar|language=ne|archive-date=7 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107122206/https://nepalkhabar.com/society/182748-2023-11-7-12-0-28|url-status=live}}</ref> Forty-two people, including five members of a single family were killed and 100 others were injured in [[Aathbiskot]].<ref name="DEVDISCOURSE">{{cite news|title=Twenty-two dead after Nepal struck by 6.4 quake |url=https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/science-environment/2702552-twenty-two-dead-after-nepal-struck-by-64-quake |date=3 November 2023 |access-date=3 November 2023 |agency=Devdiscourse |archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103234708/https://www.devdiscourse.com/article/science-environment/2702552-twenty-two-dead-after-nepal-struck-by-64-quake |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="nepallive">{{cite news|trans-title=Jajarkot Earthquake Update: Eight twenty Kotma rescue operations completed, 42 dead, 100 injured|title=जाजरकोट भूकम्प अपडेट : आठबीसकोटमा उद्धार कार्य सकियो, ४२ को मृत्यु, सय घाइते|url=https://nepallive.com/story/317544|date=3 November 2023|access-date=3 November 2023|agency=Nepal Live|language=ne|archive-date=5 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105212706/https://nepallive.com/story/317544|url-status=live}}</ref> More than 5,000 houses were damaged or destroyed in the municipality.<ref name="bbcnepal">{{cite news|trans-title=Rukum West: Where 'not even the remains of a house are recognizable' in the ruins|title=रुकुम पश्चिमः जहाँ भग्नावशेषमा 'घरको अवशेष नै चिनिँदैन|url=https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/c0d20vve2e7o|date=4 November 2023|access-date=4 November 2023|publisher=BBC News, नेपाली|language=ne|archive-date=5 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105121831/https://www.bbc.com/nepali/articles/c0d20vve2e7o|url-status=live}}</ref> Eight others died in [[Sani Bheri Rural Municipality|Sani Bheri]]. At least 40 percent of houses near the epicenter were damaged.<ref>{{cite web|title=Nepal – Earthquake (DG ECHO, DG ECHO partners, NDRRMA, media) (ECHO Daily Flash of 04 November 2023)|url=https://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/nepal-earthquake-dg-echo-dg-echo-partners-ndrrma-media-echo-daily-flash-04-november-2023|date=4 November 2023|access-date=4 November 2023|publisher=[[ReliefWeb]]|work=ECHO|archive-date=4 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104235006/https://reliefweb.int/report/nepal/nepal-earthquake-dg-echo-dg-echo-partners-ndrrma-media-echo-daily-flash-04-november-2023|url-status=live}}</ref> At the earthquake's epicenter in [[Barekot]] municipality, only five injuries were reported and no fatalities, while nearly all 3,500 houses in the municipality were damaged, 1,000 of them severely.<ref name="miracle">{{cite web|title=Miraculous survival at the epicentre|url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/05/miraculous-survival-at-the-epicentre|date=5 November 2023|access-date=5 November 2023|work=[[The Kathmandu Post]]|archive-date=5 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105064933/https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/05/miraculous-survival-at-the-epicentre|url-status=live}}</ref> Several homes were damaged or destroyed in Jajarkot District.<ref name="INDIATODAY"/> Among municipalities severely affected were [[Bheri, Jajarkot|Bheri]], where 42 people died and 344 houses were destroyed, [[Kushe]], where seven died and 95 houses were destroyed, and [[Chedagad]], where one person died and 100 houses were destroyed.<ref name="kpawait"/><ref name="miracle"/><ref name="kp1"/> At least 13 people died in Chiuri, and the village's 40 houses were either destroyed or heavily damaged.<ref>{{cite news |title=Tears of a child as Nepalis cremate quake dead |url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231105-tears-of-a-child-as-nepalis-cremate-quake-dead |date=5 November 2023 |access-date=6 November 2023 |agency=[[France 24]] |archive-date=6 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106061135/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231105-tears-of-a-child-as-nepalis-cremate-quake-dead |url-status=live }}</ref> In Chiuritol, 13 people were also killed while 56 houses were destroyed. Five houses in [[Junichande]] and one house in [[Shivalaya Rural Municipality|Shivalaya]] were also destroyed.<ref name="kpawait">{{cite web|title=Quake survivors await aid amid essential shortages|url=https://kathmandupost.com/karnali-province/2023/11/06/quake-survivors-await-aid-amid-essential-shortages|date=6 November 2023|access-date=6 November 2023|work=[[The Kathmandu Post]]|archive-date=6 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106082447/https://kathmandupost.com/karnali-province/2023/11/06/quake-survivors-await-aid-amid-essential-shortages|url-status=live}}</ref>

Nepalese officials said around 5,000 houses were damaged and 3,000 more were destroyed.<ref>{{cite web |title=Friday's quake damaged around 8,000 houses in Jajarkot and Rukum West |url=http://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/06/friday-s-quake-damaged-around-8-000-houses-in-jajarkot-and-rukum-west |access-date=2023-11-11 |website=kathmandupost.com|archive-date=11 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231111113741/https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/06/friday-s-quake-damaged-around-8-000-houses-in-jajarkot-and-rukum-west |url-status=live }}</ref> In Western Rukum, 2,136 houses were destroyed, 2,642 houses were partially damaged and 4,670 houses sustained minor damage. The total damages in the district was estimated at more than US$500 Million. In Jajarkot, 905 houses were destroyed and 2,745 partially damaged. Three major landslides damaged the [[Pasagad]]-[[Rimna, Jajarkot|Rimna]] section of the Bheri Corridor running from Jajarkot to [[Dunai, Nepal|Dunai]], while another landslide was reported at the [[Khalanga, Jajarkot|Khalanga]]-[[Panchkatiya]] section. A bridge in Rimna in Jajarkot suffered minor damage.<ref>{{cite web |title=Friday's quake damaged around 8,000 houses in Jajarkot and Rukum West |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/06/friday-s-quake-damaged-around-8-000-houses-in-jajarkot-and-rukum-west |date=6 November 2023 |access-date=6 November 2023 |work=[[The Kathmandu Post]] |archive-date=6 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106082443/https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/06/friday-s-quake-damaged-around-8-000-houses-in-jajarkot-and-rukum-west |url-status=live}}</ref> A total of 91 schools were destroyed and 122 partially damaged by the earthquake. In Jajarkot, 213 school buildings were damaged.<ref name="kplower"/> The earthquake also destroyed at least 20 healthcare facilities, including a district hospital and four maternal delivery centres.<ref>{{cite web |title=Earthquake could force more women to give birth at home |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/13/earthquake-could-raise-home-delivery-rate-in-affected-districts |date=13 November 2023 |access-date=16 November 2023 |work=[[The Kathmandu Post]] |archive-date=16 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231116145855/https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/13/earthquake-could-raise-home-delivery-rate-in-affected-districts |url-status=live }}</ref> Around 67,000 families were displaced in Jajarkot,<ref>{{cite web |title=Two weeks on, earthquake-displaced people are shivering under flimsy tents |url=https://kathmandupost.com/karnali-province/2023/11/20/two-weeks-on-earthquake-displaced-people-are-shivering-under-flimsy-tents |date=20 November 2023 |access-date=21 November 2023 |work=[[The Kathmandu Post]] |archive-date=20 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120101929/https://kathmandupost.com/karnali-province/2023/11/20/two-weeks-on-earthquake-displaced-people-are-shivering-under-flimsy-tents |url-status=live }}</ref> while 2,400 were displaced in Darma. Several deaths were subsequently reported among the displaced due to exposure and cold-related illnesses in the succeeding weeks.<ref>{{cite web |title=Cold taking its toll on quake-displaced in Karnali |url=https://kathmandupost.com/sudurpaschim-province/2023/11/18/cold-taking-its-toll-on-quake-displaced-in-karnali |date=18 November 2023 |access-date=21 November 2023 |work=[[The Kathmandu Post]] |archive-date=20 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231120172927/https://kathmandupost.com/sudurpaschim-province/2023/11/18/cold-taking-its-toll-on-quake-displaced-in-karnali |url-status=live }}</ref>

Injuries and damage were also reported in [[Dailekh District|Dailekh]], [[Salyan District, Nepal|Salyan]] and [[Rolpa District]]s.<ref name="INDIATODAY">{{cite news|title=24 dead in Nepal after 6.4 magnitude earthquake|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/multiple-dead-in-nepal-after-64-magnitude-earthquake-2457879-2023-11-04|date=3 November 2023|access-date=3 November 2023|agency=[[India Today]]|archive-date=3 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103212907/https://www.indiatoday.in/world/story/multiple-dead-in-nepal-after-64-magnitude-earthquake-2457879-2023-11-04|url-status=live}}</ref> In Salyan, around 100 houses were destroyed in [[Darma Rural Municipality|Darma]] municipality, while 30 were destroyed in [[Kumakh]] municipality.<ref name="kpawait"/> At least 100 people were injured in Western Rukum while many injuries were recorded in Jajarkot.<ref name="NYT1"/> The Jajarkot district hospital was described as being packed with injured patients.<ref name="BBC1">{{cite news |author=Nathan Williams |title=Deadly earthquake strikes remote western Nepal |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-67317442 |date=4 November 2023 |access-date=4 November 2023 |publisher=BBC |archive-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104025807/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-67317442 |url-status=live }}</ref>

The earthquake was also felt by residents in [[Kathmandu]].<ref name="guardian">{{cite news |title=Scores killed by powerful earthquake in Nepal |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/03/dozens-killed-and-injured-by-magnitude-64-earthquake-in-nepal |date=3 November 2023 |access-date=4 November 2023 |work=The Guardian |archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103230606/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/nov/03/dozens-killed-and-injured-by-magnitude-64-earthquake-in-nepal |url-status=live }}</ref> Shaking was felt in the Indian cities of [[Lucknow]], [[Patna]]<ref name="f24">{{cite news|title=More than 60 dead in Nepal earthquake|url=https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231104-more-than-60-dead-in-nepal-earthquake|date=4 November 2023|access-date=4 November 2023|work=France 24|archive-date=4 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104023440/https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20231104-more-than-60-dead-in-nepal-earthquake|url-status=live}}</ref> and [[New Delhi]], causing people to panic and flee buildings.<ref name="PIPA">{{cite news|title=Breaking News: Extreme panic in Delhi as the night progresses, the ground shook violently, the magnitude of the earthquake is 6.4 on the Richter scale|url=https://pipanews.com/breaking-news-extreme-panic-in-delhi-as-the-night-progresses-the-ground-shook-violently-the-magnitude-of-the-earthquake-is-6-4-on-the-richter-scale-pipa-news/|date=3 November 2023|access-date=3 November 2023|agency=Pipa News|archive-date=3 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103234708/https://pipanews.com/breaking-news-extreme-panic-in-delhi-as-the-night-progresses-the-ground-shook-violently-the-magnitude-of-the-earthquake-is-6-4-on-the-richter-scale-pipa-news/|url-status=live}}</ref> In the cities of [[Bahraich]] and [[Jaipur]], many houses and buildings, including two hotels, were cracked.<ref name="amritvichar">{{cite news|trans-title=Earthquake: Ground shook for 55 seconds – Cracks appeared in houses, people ran out of houses in panic|title=Earthquake : 55 सेकंड तक हिली जमीन – मकानों में आई दरार, दहशत में घरों से बाहर भागे लोग|url=https://www.amritvichar.com/article/415793/earthquake-the-ground-shook-for-55-seconds-there-was|date=4 November 2023|access-date=4 November 2023|work=Amritvichar|first=Jagat|last=Mishra|archive-date=4 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104094919/https://www.amritvichar.com/article/415793/earthquake-the-ground-shook-for-55-seconds-there-was|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="mediamanthan">{{cite news|trans-title=Earthquake tremors in NCR and Delhi including Rajasthan, earth shook in Jaipur|title=राजस्थान समेत एनसीआर और दिल्ली में भूकंप के झटके, जयपुर में हिली धरती|url=https://www.mediamanthan.com/earthquake-tremors-in-ncr-and-delhi-including-rajasthan-earth-shook-in-jaipur|date=4 November 2023|access-date=4 November 2023|work=Media Manthan|first=Kumari|last=Richa|archive-date=4 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104094915/https://www.mediamanthan.com/earthquake-tremors-in-ncr-and-delhi-including-rajasthan-earth-shook-in-jaipur|url-status=live}}</ref>

The 6 November aftershock injured 16 people and collapsed three houses in [[West Rukum District|West Rukum]] and [[Jajarkot District|Jajarkot]] districts. Landslides blocked roads near [[Rimna, Jajarkot|Rimna]].<ref>{{cite news|title=Nepal earthquake: 16 more people injured in aftershocks|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/nepal-earthquake-16-more-people-injured-in-aftershocks-101699342467482.html|date=7 November 2023|access-date=10 November 2023|agency=PTI |work=Hindustan Times}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|trans-title=Monday's aftershock: 13 injured, 3 houses destroyed in Jajarkot and Rukum West|title=सोमवारको परकम्प : जाजरकोट र रुकुम पश्चिममा १३ जना घाइते, ३ घर भत्किए|url=https://thahakhabar.com/news/190195/|date=6 November 2023|access-date=6 November 2023|agency=Thaha Khabar|language=ne|archive-date=7 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107231336/https://thahakhabar.com/news/190195/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|trans-title=Magnitude 5.8 earthquake blocks road in Jajarkot, one injured|title=५.८ म्याग्निच्युटको भुकम्पले जाजरकोटमा सडक अवरूद्ध, एक घाइते|url=https://www.nepalviews.com/2023/11/06/214935/|date=6 November 2023|access-date=6 November 2023|agency=Nepal Views|language=ne|archive-date=6 November 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106130942/https://www.nepalviews.com/2023/11/06/214935/|url-status=live}}</ref>

==Response==
===Domestic===
Narayan Prasad Bhattarai, the spokesperson for the [[Ministry of Home Affairs (Nepal)|Nepalese Home Ministry]], said that security forces had been deployed to the area.<ref name="f24"/> Helicopters were also deployed to deliver humanitarian aid and staff, while soldiers were sent to clear roads blocked by landslides. At a hospital in [[Nepalgunj]], more than 100 beds were allotted in standby for earthquake victims.<ref name="ap">{{cite web |author=Binaj Gurubacharya |title=At least 69 dead as strong quake rocks northwestern Nepal, and officials say toll expected to rise |url=https://apnews.com/article/nepal-indian-earthquake-47b0b262ed1aa26957285dd1a55699fb |date=4 November 2023 |access-date=4 November 2023 |agency=[[Associated Press]] |archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103191639/https://apnews.com/article/nepal-indian-earthquake-47b0b262ed1aa26957285dd1a55699fb |url-status=live }}</ref> A member of Western Rukum's police department said search and rescue teams had to remove [[landslide]] debris in order to reach the affected area.<ref name="aj"/>

President [[Ram Chandra Poudel]] expressed sadness over the loss of human lives and property in the earthquake and appealed to the government and others concerned for effective rescue and relief work in affected areas.<ref>{{cite web |author=Rastriya Samachar Samiti |title=President's appeal for rescue and relief of earthquake survivors |url=https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/presidents-appeal-for-rescue-and-relief-of-earthquake-survivors |date=4 November 2023 |access-date=4 November 2023 |work=[[The Himalayan Times]] |archive-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104075109/https://thehimalayantimes.com/nepal/presidents-appeal-for-rescue-and-relief-of-earthquake-survivors |url-status=live }}</ref> He later postponed his ten-day visit to France, Italy and Germany that was scheduled to start on 8 November and cancelled his participation at the [[Paris Peace Forum]] on 10–11 November, citing the ongoing situation.<ref>{{cite news |title=President Paudel's Europe tour put on hold |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/06/president-paudel-s-europe-tour-deferred |date=6 November 2023 |access-date=6 November 2023 |work=[[The Kathmandu Post]] |archive-date=6 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106150703/https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/06/president-paudel-s-europe-tour-deferred |url-status=live }}</ref> Prime Minister [[Pushpa Kamal Dahal]] also expressed "his deep sorrow over the human and physical damage caused by the earthquake".<ref name="f24"/> On 4 November, he visited the area on a helicopter accompanied by a 16-member army medical team.<ref>{{cite news |author=Gopal Sharma |title=Nepal earthquake kills at least 128, toll could rise, officials say |url=https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/nepal-hit-by-64-earthquake-felt-new-delhi-2023-11-03/ |date=4 November 2023 |access-date=4 November 2023 |agency=Reuters|archive-date=3 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231103234706/https://www.reuters.com/business/environment/nepal-hit-by-64-earthquake-felt-new-delhi-2023-11-03/ |url-status=live }}</ref> A total of 41 medical workers were sent to the affected areas.<ref name="kp2"/>

Officials also announced communications with villages of Jajarkot District could not be restored.<ref>{{cite news |title=Nepal Quake Kills 128, Reduces Village to Rubble |url=https://www.voanews.com/a/nepal-quake-kills-128-reduces-village-to-rubble/7341410.html |access-date=4 November 2023 |agency=Reuters|publisher=Voice of America |date=4 November 2023 |archive-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104053902/https://www.voanews.com/a/nepal-quake-kills-128-reduces-village-to-rubble/7341410.html |url-status=live }}</ref> Helicopters with medical teams and medicines were prepared to fly into the affected area when weather conditions improved.<ref>{{cite news |last1=Chandra |first1=Nitish |title=Nepal earthquake LIVE: Prachanda meets affected people as death count crosses 150 |url=https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/world/nepal-delhi-ncr-earthquake-death-toll-rescue-operation-tremors-epicentre-kathmandu-rukum-jajarkot-pushpa-kamal-dahal-earthquake-latest-updates-2023-11-04-901105 |access-date=4 November 2023 |agency=India TV |editor-first=Ashesh |editor-last=Mallick |date=4 November 2023 |archive-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104030006/https://www.indiatvnews.com/news/world/nepal-delhi-ncr-earthquake-death-toll-rescue-operation-tremors-epicentre-kathmandu-rukum-jajarkot-pushpa-kamal-dahal-earthquake-latest-updates-2023-11-04-901105 |url-status=live }}</ref> Light aircraft were also requested to be on standby in participating in emergency missions.<ref name="Sharma1">{{cite news |last1=Sharma |first1=Gopal |title=Rescuers struggle to find Nepal quake survivors as deaths reach 157 |url=https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/rescuers-struggle-find-nepal-quake-survivors-deaths-137-2023-11-04/ |access-date=4 November 2023 |agency=Reuters|date=4 November 2023 |archive-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104090044/https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/rescuers-struggle-find-nepal-quake-survivors-deaths-137-2023-11-04/ |url-status=live }}</ref> The [[Nepalese Army]] later managed to deploy five helicopters and an aircraft. [[Nepal Airlines]] also helped in medical evacuations.<ref name="kp2">{{cite news |title=Death toll in Nepal earthquake rises to 143 |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/04/death-toll-in-nepal-earthquake-rises-to-138 |access-date=4 November 2023 |agency=The Kathmandu Post |date=4 November 2023 |archive-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104120907/https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/04/death-toll-in-nepal-earthquake-rises-to-138 |url-status=live }}</ref> The severely injured were airlifted to Kathmandu, [[Surkhet]] and Nepalgunj. People with minor injuries were treated at local medical centers and district hospitals.<ref name="kathmandupost1">{{cite news |title=Death toll in Nepal earthquake hits 157, over 375 injured |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/04/death-toll-in-nepal-earthquake-hits-157-over-375-injured |access-date=4 November 2023 |agency=The Kathmandu Post |date=4 November 2023 |archive-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104133703/https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/04/death-toll-in-nepal-earthquake-hits-157-over-375-injured |url-status=live }}</ref>

About 4,000 personnel from the Nepalese Army, [[Nepal Police|Police]] and [[Armed Police Force]] participated in search and rescue operations,<ref>{{cite news |title=Thousands of security personnel mobilised in search and rescue efforts |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/05/thousands-of-security-personnel-mobilised-in-search-and-rescue-efforts |access-date=5 November 2023 |agency=The Kathmandu Post |date=5 November 2023 |archive-date=5 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105041420/https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/05/thousands-of-security-personnel-mobilised-in-search-and-rescue-efforts |url-status=live}}</ref> while the national government approved a [[Nepalese rupee|Rs]] 100 million fund to support in these missions. The fund was divided into Rs 50 million allocated to West Rukum and Jajarkot districts.<ref name="r100"/> It also said it would provide free medical treatment to earthquake victims and provide Rs 200,000 each to families of those killed,<ref>{{cite news |title=Government to provide free treatment to quake-injured |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/05/government-to-provide-free-treatment-to-quake-injured |access-date=5 November 2023 |agency=The Kathmandu Post |date=6 November 2023 |archive-date=6 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231106023517/https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/05/government-to-provide-free-treatment-to-quake-injured |url-status=live }}</ref> as well as Rs 50,000 each to displaced families to be used in the construction of temporary housing.<ref>{{cite news |title=Government to provide Rs 50,000 per family to construct temporary shelters |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/11/hed-government-to-provide-rs50-000-per-family-to-construct-temporary-shelters |access-date=12 November 2023 |agency=The Kathmandu Post |date=11 November 2023 |archive-date=12 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231112025626/https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/11/hed-government-to-provide-rs50-000-per-family-to-construct-temporary-shelters |url-status=live }}</ref> The government of [[Bagmati Province]] also pledged Rs 15 million to support the affected population in Jajarkot. The [[Nepali Congress]] party also pitched Rs 5 million in financial aid for the national government.<ref name="r100">{{cite news |title=Government releases Rs 100 million for search and rescue operations in Jajarkot, West Rukum |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/04/government-announces-rs100-million-financial-support-to-jajarkot-west-rukum |access-date=4 November 2023 |agency=The Kathmandu Post |date=4 November 2023 |archive-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104103647/https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/04/government-announces-rs100-million-financial-support-to-jajarkot-west-rukum |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Buddha Air]] granted Rs 10,000,000 for earthquake victims.<ref>{{cite news |trans-title=1 million aid from Buddha Air to earthquake victims |title=भूकम्प प्रभावितलाई बुद्ध एयरको एक करोड सहयोग |url=https://nepalsamaya.com/detail/117001 |access-date=4 November 2023 |agency=Nepal Samaya |language=ne |date=4 November 2023 |archive-date=5 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105212708/https://nepalsamaya.com/detail/117001 |url-status=live }}</ref>

Search and rescue operations ended 36 hours after the earthquake, on 5 November. In Jajarkot District, an official said the emphasis was providing assistance to survivors.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rescue efforts called off after Nepal quake |url=https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/rescue-efforts-called-after-nepal-quake-3898571 |access-date=5 November 2023 |agency=Channel News Asia |date=5 November 2023 |archive-date=5 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105100708/https://www.channelnewsasia.com/asia/rescue-efforts-called-after-nepal-quake-3898571 |url-status=live }}</ref> [[Nepal Telecom]] said voice, [[SMS]] and Wi-Fi services would be free for its customers in Rukum East, Rukum West and Jajarkot Districts for five days to facilitate information exchange.<ref>{{cite news |title=भूकम्प प्रभावित क्षेत्रमा टेलिकमले ५ दिन निशुल्क सेवा उपलब्ध गराउने |trans-title=Telecom will provide free service for 5 days in earthquake affected areas |url=https://nepalwatch.com/2023/11/05/147349 |access-date=5 November 2023 |agency=Nepal Watch |date=5 November 2023 |language=ne |archive-date=5 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105100723/https://nepalwatch.com/2023/11/05/147349 |url-status=live }}</ref> The Ministry of Health and Population requested additional food aid from the [[World Food Programme]] and [[UNICEF]] to distribute in affected areas.<ref>{{cite news |title=Health ministry seeks food aid from WFP and UNICEF for distribution in quake-hit districts |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/23/health-ministry-seeks-food-aid-from-wfp-and-unicef-for-distribution-in-quake-hit-districts |access-date=23 November 2023 |agency=The Kathmandu Post|date=23 November 2023 |archive-date=23 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231123110040/https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/23/health-ministry-seeks-food-aid-from-wfp-and-unicef-for-distribution-in-quake-hit-districts |url-status=live }}</ref>

===International===
====Countries====
* {{flag|Bangladesh}}: Prime Minister [[Sheikh Hasina]] sent a letter to her counterpart [[Prachanda]] stating that she was "deeply shocked and saddened" by the news of the earthquake. She reiterated that "the people of Bangladesh stand by the people of Nepal with the spirit of brotherhood during this difficult time" and said "we extend our deepest condolences to the bereaved families who have lost their dearest family members and their friends."<ref>{{cite news |last=[[United News of Bangladesh]] |date=5 November 2023 |title=PM Hasina expresses condolence for Nepal earthquake victims |work=[[Dhaka Tribune]] |url=https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/330103/pm-hasina-expresses-condolence-for-nepal |access-date=11 November 2023 |archive-date=10 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110174454/https://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/330103/pm-hasina-expresses-condolence-for-nepal |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{flag|China}}: Ambassador to Nepal [[Chen Song]], said the country would send tents and blankets from the [[China South Asian Countries Emergency Supplies Reserve]] and other relief materials worth Rs 100 million to Nepal in the coming days.<ref>{{cite news |title=China announces providing relief materials worth Rs 100 million to Nepal |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/04/china-announces-providing-relief-materials-worth-rs100-million-to-nepal |access-date=4 November 2023 |work=The Kathmandu Post |date=4 November 2023 |archive-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104151653/https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/04/china-announces-providing-relief-materials-worth-rs100-million-to-nepal |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{flag|India}}: Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] said he was deeply saddened by the loss of lives and damage from the earthquake in Nepal, adding that India stood in "solidarity with the people of Nepal and is ready to extend all possible assistance".<ref name="ap" /> India sent 21 tonnes of humanitarian aid to Nepal along with a team of experts from the [[National Disaster Response Force]] with relief and rescue materials.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tweet by IAF MCC |url=https://twitter.com/IAF_MCC/status/1721155481539100785 |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=X (formerly Twitter)|archive-date=7 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107231353/https://twitter.com/IAF_MCC/status/1721155481539100785 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |date=2023-11-07 |title=India sends over 9 tonnes of relief material to Nepal's Nepalgunj |work=The Times of India |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-sends-over-9-tonnes-of-relief-material-to-nepals-nepalgunj/articleshow/105027668.cms?from=mdr |access-date=2023-11-07 |issn=0971-8257 |archive-date=7 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231107164527/https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/india-sends-over-9-tonnes-of-relief-material-to-nepals-nepalgunj/articleshow/105027668.cms?from=mdr |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{flag|Iran}}: The head of the [[Iranian Red Crescent Society]] Pir Hossein Kolivand stated that they would send medical and aid teams to Nepal.<ref>{{cite news |trans-title=Iran Red Crescent is ready to help Nepal earthquake victims |title=آمادگی هلال احمر ایران برای کمک به زلزله‌زدگان نپال |url=https://www.isna.ir/news/1402081309487/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C-%D9%87%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B1-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%85%DA%A9-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B2%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%86%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84 |access-date=5 November 2023 |work=ISNA |date=5 November 2023 |archive-date=5 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105032110/https://www.isna.ir/news/1402081309487/%D8%A2%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AF%DA%AF%DB%8C-%D9%87%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84-%D8%A7%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%B1-%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%DB%8C-%DA%A9%D9%85%DA%A9-%D8%A8%D9%87-%D8%B2%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B2%D8%AF%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%86-%D9%86%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84 |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{flag|Pakistan}}: Caretaker Prime Minister [[Anwar ul Haq Kakar]] sent thoughts and prayers to the earthquake victims and said his country is ready to send assistance to Nepal.<ref>{{cite news |title=PM grieved over loss of lives, property in Nepal earthquake |url=https://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/768101-PM-grieved-over-loss-of-lives,-property-in-Nepal-earthquake |access-date=4 November 2023 |work=Dunya News |date=4 November 2023 |archive-date=5 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105001732/https://dunyanews.tv/en/Pakistan/768101-PM-grieved-over-loss-of-lives,-property-in-Nepal-earthquake |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{flag|Russia}}: President [[Vladimir Putin]] sent a letter to President Poudel on 4 November expressing sorrow over the loss of lives and properties.<ref>{{cite news |title=Government in no rush to seek foreign help for quake relief |url=https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/05/government-in-no-rush-to-seek-foreign-help-for-quake-relief |access-date=5 November 2023 |work=The Kathmandu Post |date=5 November 2023 |archive-date=5 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231105023351/https://kathmandupost.com/national/2023/11/05/government-in-no-rush-to-seek-foreign-help-for-quake-relief |url-status=live }}</ref>
* {{flag|South Korea}}: The [[Government of South Korea|country's government]] said it would send $300,000 amount of humanitarian aid for the earthquake victims.<ref>{{cite news |title=Korea to provide $300,000 worth of humanitarian aid to quake-hit Nepal |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2023/11/113_362932.html |access-date=10 November 2023 |work=The Korea Times |date=10 November 2023 |archive-date=10 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231110091205/https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/nation/2023/11/113_362932.html |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== Supranational political and economic union ====
* {{flag|European Union}}: On 15 November, the bloc approved a €2 million aid package to Nepal that would include €600,000 to support the work of humanitarian partners already providing assistance in affected areas. In addition, €200,000 was allocated to the Nepalese Red Cross Society, via the Disaster Response Emergency Fund (DREF) of the [[International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies]] (IFRC).<ref>{{cite web |title=Press corner |url=https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/home/en |access-date=2023-11-16 |website=European Commission – European Commission|archive-date=21 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190621200951/https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/home/en |url-status=live }}</ref>

==== International organizations ====
* {{flag|UNICEF}} announced it was working with partner organizations to assess the damage and the impact on children and families.<ref>{{cite news |title=Death toll in Nepal earthquake rises to 137 |url=https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/death-toll-in-nepal-earthquake-rises-to-137/3043115 |access-date=4 November 2023 |agency=Anadolu Agency |date=4 November 2023 |archive-date=4 November 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231104091132/https://www.aa.com.tr/en/asia-pacific/death-toll-in-nepal-earthquake-rises-to-137/3043115 |url-status=live }}</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|Earth sciences|Nepal}}
* [[List of earthquakes in 2023]]
* [[List of earthquakes in Nepal]]
* [[List of earthquakes in India]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{ReliefWeb-link|eq-2023-000214-npl}}

{{Earthquakes in 2023}}
{{Earthquakes in Nepal}}
{{Earthquakes in India}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Nepal earthquake, 2023}}
[[Category:2023 earthquakes]]
[[Category:2023 disasters in Nepal|Earthquake]]
[[Category:Earthquakes in India]]
[[Category:Earthquakes in Nepal|2023]]
[[Category:November 2023 events in India]]
[[Category:November 2023 events in Nepal|Earthquake]]