View source for Anoa (armoured personnel carrier)

{{EngvarB|date=March 2021}}
{{Infobox weapon
| name               = Pindad APS-3 "Anoa" 6x6
| image              = Pindad Panser1.jpg
| image_size         = 300
| caption            = First production model of the Anoa APC
| origin             = [[Indonesia]]
| type               = [[Armoured personnel carrier]]
 <!-- Type selection -->| is_vehicle         = yes
 <!-- Service history -->| service            = 2009–present (Indonesian service)
| used_by            = [[Indonesia]]
| wars               = [[Papua Conflict]]
<!-- Production history -->| designer           = [[Pindad]]
| design_date        = 2006
| manufacturer       = [[Pindad]]
| production_date    = 2008–present
| number             = 450+<ref name="AR">{{Cite web|url=http://www.angkasareview.com/2018/11/08/panser-badak-pindad-segera-masuk-jalur-produksi/|title = Panser Badak Pindad Segera Masuk Jalur Produksi|date = 8 November 2018}}</ref><ref name="tempovideo"/>
| variants           = See [[#Variants|Variants]]
 <!-- General specifications -->| weight             = 12.5 tonnes, 14.5 tons (combat)
| length             = 6 m
| width              = 2.5 m
| height             = 2.17 m hull top
| crew               = 3 + 10 passengers
 <!-- Vehicle/missile specifications -->| armour             = Monocoque steel armour, [[STANAG 4569]] level 3
| primary_armament   = 12.7 mm [[Heavy machine gun|HMG]]/ 7.62 mm [[GPMG]]/ 40 mm [[Automatic grenade launcher|AGL]]
| secondary_armament = 2x3 66 mm smoke grenade projectors
| engine             = [[Renault]] MIDR 062045 [[inline 6]] cylinder turbo-charged diesel, [[Behr GmbH & Co. KG|Behr]] cooling pack
| engine_power       = 320 hp at 2500 rpm
| transmission       = Automatic, [[ZF Friedrichshafen|ZF]] S6HP502, 6 forward, 1 reverse
| fuel_capacity      = 200 litres
| pw_ratio           = 22,85 hp/ton
| suspension         = Independent suspension, torsion bar
| clearance          = 40 cm
| vehicle_range      = 600 km
| speed              = ± 80 km/h (safety speed recommendation)
}}
The '''Anoa''' is a 6x6 [[armoured personnel carrier]] developed by [[Pindad|PT Pindad]] of Indonesia. The vehicle is named after the [[Anoa]], which is a type of buffalo indigenous to [[Indonesia]]. The prototype was first unveiled at the 61st anniversary of [[Military of Indonesia|TNI]] on October 5, 2006, in TNI HQ at Cilangkap, east of capital [[Jakarta]].<ref name="Article">{{cite web|url=http://www.angkasa-online.com/public/news/0610/344.htm|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070709132136/http://www.angkasa-online.com/public/news/0610/344.htm|archive-date=2007-07-09|title=Panser 6x6 Pindad|access-date=2008-10-29|date=2006-10-06|publisher=Angkasa|language=id}}</ref><ref name="Pasukan">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129102323/http://beritabaik.web.id/2013/12/13/panser-anoa-dipakai-pasukan-perdamaian-pbb/|url=http://beritabaik.web.id/2013/12/13/panser-anoa-dipakai-pasukan-perdamaian-pbb/|title=Panser Anoa dipakai Pasukan Perdamaian PBB|archive-date=2015-01-29|access-date=2015-01-29|language=id|publisher=Berita Baik Indonesia|date=2013-12-13}}</ref>

==History==
The Anoa had been officially unveiled to the public under the designation ''APS-3'' ({{langx|id|Angkut Personel Sedang}}, {{langx|en|Medium Personnel Carrier}}) at the Indo Defence & Aerospace 2008 exhibition from November 19 to November 22, 2008<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bumn.go.id/pindad/berita/127/Wapres.Jusuf.Kalla.Buka.Indo.Defence.2008|title=Wapres Jusuf Kalla Buka Indo Defence 2008|date=2008-11-20|publisher=Ministry of State-owned Enterprises|language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129092758/http://www.bumn.go.id/pindad/berita/127/Wapres.Jusuf.Kalla.Buka.Indo.Defence.2008|archive-date=2015-01-29|access-date=2015-01-29}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130200346/http://www.bumn.go.id/pindad/publikasi/berita/panser-anoa-tipe-apc-unjuk-kebolehan-di-pameran-indo-defence-2008/|url=http://www.bumn.go.id/pindad/publikasi/berita/panser-anoa-tipe-apc-unjuk-kebolehan-di-pameran-indo-defence-2008|title= Panser Anoa Tipe Apc Unjuk Kebolehan Di Pameran Indo Defence 2008|access-date=2008-12-10|date=2008-11-21|publisher=PT Pindad|language=id|archive-date=2012-01-30 }}</ref> after being shown in a TNI parade on October 5, 2008.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.okezone.com/index.php/ReadStory/2008/08/29/1/141143|title=JK: Panser TNI Bukan untuk Parade|date=2008-08-29|access-date=2008-12-10|publisher=Okezone|language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081028210938/http://news.okezone.com/index.php/ReadStory/2008/08/29/1/141143|archive-date=2008-10-28}}</ref> On August 30, 2008, 10 APS-3s have been produced<ref name="Merdeka">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120630053855/http://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/spesifikasi-panser-pindad-yang-diminati-malaysia.html |url=http://www.merdeka.com/peristiwa/spesifikasi-panser-pindad-yang-diminati-malaysia.html |title=Spesifikasi Panser Pindad yang diminati Malaysia |publisher=Merdeka |date=2012-04-17 |access-date=2013-01-17 |language=id |author=Iqbal Fadil |archive-date=2012-06-30 |url-status=live }}</ref> with the plan of having 150 vehicles to be produced for the [[Indonesian Army]]<ref name="Pindad Article">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150129093028/http://www.bumn.go.id/pindad/berita/94/Pindad.Optimistis.Selesaikan.20.Panser.Pesanan.TNI|archive-date=2015-01-29|url=http://www.bumn.go.id/pindad/berita/94/Pindad.Optimistis.Selesaikan.20.Panser.Pesanan.TNI|title=Pindad Optimistis Selesaikan 20 Panser Pesanan TNI|access-date=2015-01-29|date=2008-09-06|language=id}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.okezone.com/index.php/ReadStory/2008/02/08/1/81905|title=105 Kendaraan Tempur TNI AL Tak Layak|date=2008-02-08|access-date=2008-12-11|publisher=Okezone|language=id|archive-url=https://archive.today/20080209222937/http://news.okezone.com/index.php/ReadStory/2008/02/08/1/81905|archive-date=2008-02-09}}</ref> in time for their first deployment in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pindad.com/pt--pindad-serahkan-33-unit-panser-aps-2-6x6-ke-kementerian-pertahanan|title=PT. Pindad (Persero) - PT. PINDAD SERAHKAN 33 UNIT PANSER APS-2 6X6 KE KEMENTERIAN PERTAHANAN|website=www.pindad.com}}</ref>

Twenty of the vehicles were handed over to the Indonesian government through the Indonesian Defense Ministry, part of a deal from the initial 150 vehicles to 40 due to the economic crisis.<ref name="Wordpress">{{cite web|url=http://asiadefence.wordpress.com/2009/03/03/indonesias-pindad-makes-panser-apc-delivery/|title=Indonesia's Pindad Makes Panser APC Delivery|access-date=2009-09-05|date=2009-03-03|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100126091445/http://asiadefence.wordpress.com/2009/03/03/indonesias-pindad-makes-panser-apc-delivery|archive-date=2010-01-26}}</ref> 40 Pansers were delivered as part of PT Pindad's commitment to the total delivery of 154 vehicles.<ref name="August">{{cite web|url=http://pindad.com/news800.php?bahasa=2&varkdnews=N00009|title=PINDAD DELIVERS 40 UNITS OF 6x6 ARMOURED PERSONNEL CARRIER TO DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE |access-date=2010-04-10|publisher=[[Pindad|PT Pindad]]|date=August 2009| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100323163706/http://www.pindad.com/news800.php?bahasa=2&varkdnews=N00009| archive-date= 23 March 2010 <!--DASHBot-->| url-status= live}}</ref> 33 Pansers were eventually submitted to the Ministry of Defense on January 13, 2010.<ref name="Pindad News">{{cite web|url=http://pindad.com/news800.php?bahasa=2&varkdnews=N10015|title=PINDAD SUBMIT 33 PANZERS APC-2 6X6 TO THE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE|access-date=2010-04-10|publisher=[[Pindad|PT Pindad]]| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100407235909/http://www.pindad.com/news800.php?bahasa=2&varkdnews=N10015| archive-date= 7 April 2010 <!--DASHBot-->| url-status= live}}</ref> Pindad had received loans from state-owned Bank Mandiri, Bank BNI 46 and Bank BRI as part of payments for the manufacture of the Anoa.<ref name="Wordpress" />

The Anoas were officially placed into Indonesian military service in July 2009.<ref name="Brunei">{{cite web|url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/bridex_2011_daily_news_actualites_pictures_video/the_pindad_anoa_2_indonesian_home_made_wheeled_armoured_vehicle_at_bridex_2011.html|title=The Pindad Anoa 2 Indonesian home made wheeled armoured vehicle at BRIDEX 2011|access-date=2013-01-17|publisher=Army Recognition|date=2011-07-07}}</ref> They were publicly seen in service with the Mechanical TNI Battalion Task Force Garuda Contingent in Lebanon.<ref name="Pasukan" /><ref name="Kodam">{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120506110157/http://www.rindam5brw.mil.id/arsip/artikel/151-panser-apc-anoa-6x6|url=http://rindam5brw.mil.id/arsip/artikel/151-panser-apc-anoa-6x6|title=Panser APC Anoa 6x6|date=2011-01-03|access-date=2013-01-17|language=id|publisher=Kodam V/Brawijaya|archive-date=2012-05-06}}</ref>

The Anoa made its first appearance overseas when it was publicly displayed in BRIDEX 2011 in Brunei.<ref name="Brunei" /> It was also displayed at DSA 2012 in Malaysia where a planned Malaysian-only marketed Anoa called the ''Rimau'' was unveiled to the public.<ref name="Malaysia">{{cite web|url=http://www.shephardmedia.com/news/landwarfareintl/dsa12-pt-pindad-displays-new-malaysian-apc/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121101041443/http://www.shephardmedia.com/news/landwarfareintl/dsa12-pt-pindad-displays-new-malaysian-apc/|title=DSA12: PT Pindad displays new Malaysian APC|archive-date=2012-11-01 |access-date=2013-01-17|date=2012-04-17|author=Ian Kemp|publisher=Shepard Media}}</ref>

On November 5, 2019, it was announced that the Anoa would be promoted to [[Department of National Defense (Philippines)|DND officials]] for a possible purchase.<ref name="PrabowoF">{{Cite web|url=https://news.detik.com/berita/d-4773377/prabowo-akan-kunjungi-filipina-bahas-panser-buatan-pt-pindad|title = Prabowo Akan Kunjungi Filipina Bahas Panser Buatan PT Pindad}}</ref>

==Development==
The development history of the Anoa started in 2003 as a result of increased military intervention in the [[Aceh]] province. During the military operations, the [[Indonesian Army]] put forward urgent requirements for an [[armoured personnel carrier]] for troop transport.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/indonesia/apr-1.htm|title = APR-1 (Angkut personel sedang)}}</ref>

[[Pindad]] responded to this requirement in 2004, with the [[Pindad APR-1V|APR-1V]] (''Angkut Personel Ringan'') a light 4x4 armoured vehicle based on a commercial [[Isuzu]] truck chassis,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jpnn.com/?mib=berita.detail&id=8057 |title=KSAD Pamer Panser Buatan Pindad|date=2008-10-10|publisher=JPNN Nasional|language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130118001218/http://www.jpnn.com/?mib=berita.detail&id=8057|archive-date=2013-01-18|access-date=2013-01-17}}</ref> 14 vehicles were built by Pindad and were sent to [[Aceh]] for evaluation and combat trials. However, the follow-on orders for another 26 vehicles were cancelled following the [[2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami|2004 tsunami]].<ref name="MF">{{cite web|url=http://www.militaryfactory.com/armor/detail.asp?armor_id=510|title=Pindad APS-3 Anoa|publisher=Military Factory|access-date=2012-09-14}}</ref>

Pindad then continued the [[Armoured personnel carrier|APC]] development program with assistance from the Agency For Assessment and Application of Technology or [[:id:Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi|BPPT]] in 2004.<ref name="News">{{cite web|url=http://www.sinarharapan.co.id/berita/0701/29/ipt03.html|title=Panser Amfibi Beroda Ban dari BPPT|access-date=2008-10-29|date=2008-10-29|publisher=Sinar Harapan|language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071016225249/http://sinarharapan.co.id/berita/0701/29/ipt03.html|archive-date=2007-10-16}}</ref> The resulted prototype was the [[Pindad APS-1|APS-1]] (''Angkut Personel Sedang''), a 6x4 design that was again based on a commercial [[Texmaco Perkasa|Perkasa truck]] platform by PT Texmaco.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dephan.go.id/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=7468|title=BPPT-Pindad Berencana Kembangkan Tank Untuk Kebutuhan Tni|access-date=2008-12-10|language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212183549/http://www.dephan.go.id/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=7468|archive-date=2012-02-12}}</ref>

Although it was not selected for production, the experience gained in developing the APS-1 convinced the [[Indonesian Army]] to give Pindad the go-ahead to develop the next generation of APS vehicles, the [[Pindad APS-2|APS-2]] at a production cost of [[Indonesian rupiah|IDR]] 600 million per unit. The APS-2 however, also failed to continue being mass-produced.

Together with BPPT in 2006, Pindad started new development of APS-3 from the development data of APS-2 which resulted in a production of the initial 4x4 prototype and followed by a more refined 6x6 prototype. The 6x6 prototype first undergoing testing and trials on the beginning of 2007 and then officially unveiled to the public during Indo Defence & Aerospace 2008 exhibition on November 19, 2008.<ref name="Merdeka" />

=== Design ===
The APS-3 differed from its predecessors which had been based on commercial truck platforms. Instead, the "Anoa" used a [[monocoque]] hull design consisting of armoured steel ([[Rolled homogeneous armour|RHA]]). The steel was made by PT Krakatau Steel to [[STANAG 4569]] Level 3 standard to withstand 5.56 and 7.62&nbsp;mm bullets.<ref name="Kodam" /> A new [[torsion bar suspension]] system was also developed for the ''Panser''. The engine was imported from France with a [[Renault]] MIDR 062045 six-cylinder turbo-charged diesel engine<ref name="AnoaGS">{{cite web| url=https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/indonesia/aps-3-anoa.htm | title=Pindad Anoa 6×6 Panzer APS (angkut personel sedang)-3  | access-date=2024-02-28}}</ref> fitted with [[ZF Friedrichshafen|ZF]] S6HP502 automatic transmission from Germany. The transmission consists of six forward gears and one reverse. The wheels are equipped with run-flat insert type super single 14.00 - R20 tires from [[Continental AG|Continental]] HSO-lineup and hydro-pneumatic controlled disc brake system on all wheels while the drive train of the vehicle comes in 6x6 configuration.<ref name="SW">{{cite web|url=http://www.spacewar.com/reports/Pindad_delivers_more_Panzer_APCs_999.html|title=Pindad delivers more Panzer APCs|date=2009-02-04|publisher=Space War|access-date=2013-01-17}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.pindad.com/anoa-6-x-6-apc|title=PT. Pindad (Persero) - Anoa 6 x 6 APC|website=www.pindad.com|access-date=2019-03-27}}</ref>

The crew enters the front compartment through two side doors. The driver sits on the right side of the vehicle while the vehicle commander sits on the left. The gunner sits behind commander inside the open turret beside the engine. The engine located in the middle (behind the driver), while the remaining space on the left of the engine (behind the commander) are fitted with an open turret for machine gun or automatic grenade launcher. Two additional hatches at the roof of the front compartment provide emergency exits for driver and commander. Two-banks (three each) of smoke grenade projectors were placed slightly behind the front side doors on each side.

The window and vision blocks are bullet-proof with the front windows also further protected by armoured shutters, which can be shut entirely, leaving a small observation slit for vision. A total of twelve vision blocks were placed on the Anoas with one on each of the front side door, four on the each side of troop compartment, and two on the hydraulic ramp door. A hydraulic ramp door at the rear provide access to troop compartment, there are also a single built-in door that could be opened manually in case of hydraulic system failures. The crew and mounted infantry both get direct access to the vehicle air-conditioning system. Two inward-facing benches, provide seating for five troops each (ten-troops total). Communications equipment include VHF/FM radios, crew intercom system, and GPS transceiver.<ref name="AnoaGS"/>

Emergency exit doors are present on either sides of the Anoas troop compartment as well as three roof hatches with one rear-facing light machine gun mounting can be seen on the right hatch, to be equipped and operated by the mounted infantries machine gunner. There are also tear-shaped [[firing port]] on the Anoas; with four port on each side of the troop compartment, two port on rear hydraulic ramp door, and one port on each of the front side doors, all of them located just below the vision blocks with total numbers of twelve firing ports fitted around the vehicle. A video camera was also placed at the rear of the vehicle to help driver while reversing the vehicle.<ref>{{Cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514085016/http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/04/10/13-locally-made-armored-carriers-arrive-lebanon.html|archive-date=2012-05-14|url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2010/04/10/13-locally-made-armored-carriers-arrive-lebanon.html|title=13 locally made armored carriers arrive in Lebanon|publisher=The Jakarta Post|access-date=2013-06-09|date=2010-04-10}}</ref>

Several Anoas were equipped with locally produced [[Battlefield management system|Battlefield Management System (BMS)]] known as BMS CY-16H, developed and made by PT Hariff Daya Tunggal Engineering (DTE) together with Army Communication Directorate (Dithubad) since 2012.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://koran-sindo.com/page/news/2018-07-25/0/29/Teknologi_BMS_CY_16H_Diluncurkan|title=Teknologi BMS CY-16H Diluncurkan|last=Koran Sindo|date=August 25, 2018|website=Koran Sindo|access-date=September 12, 2018}}</ref>

On June 1, 2018, Pindad announced that it had entered into a partnership with Bhukhanvala Industries to research and develop a ceramic-based protection system for the Anoas.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.janes.com/article/80549/pt-pindad-expands-co-operation-with-indian-firms |title=PT Pindad expands co-operation with Indian firms &#124; Jane's 360 |website=www.janes.com |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180607105148/https://www.janes.com/article/80549/pt-pindad-expands-co-operation-with-indian-firms |archive-date=7 June 2018 }}</ref>

In April 2019, Pindad announced that the Anoa 3 or Anoa Desert will be developed and sold to countries with desert terrain.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://en.antaranews.com/news/123374/indonesia-to-export-anoa-3-panzer-for-middle-east|title=Indonesia to export Anoa 3 Panzer for Middle East|website=Antara News}}</ref>

=== Anoa 2 ===
[[File:Anoa 3 hull construction.jpg|thumb|Pindad Anoa 2 hull construction (note the emergency exit door at the rear)|alt=]]

The Anoa 2 was officially revealed to the public in Indo Defence & Aerospace 2010. It was seen equipped with small waterjet propellers to swim in shallow water (replaced with additional storage bin for the mass-produced version).<ref name="MF" /> It is also equipped with an optional RCWS machine gun.<ref name="Kompas">{{cite web|url=http://sains.kompas.com/read/2010/11/12/13521336/Panser.Anoa.Buatan.Pindad.Makin.Gahar|title=Panser "Anoa" Buatan Pindad Makin Gahar|date=2010-11-12|publisher=Kompas|language=id|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101116005358/http://sains.kompas.com/read/2010/11/12/13521336/Panser.Anoa.Buatan.Pindad.Makin.Gahar|archive-date=2010-11-16|access-date=2010-11-16}}</ref>

Some differences from the first generation of the Anoa include rounded roof hatches and re-positioning of the smoke grenade projectors from the sides of the vehicle to directly in front of the driver and commander hatches,<ref name="MF" /> modification to the armoured shutters which in previous version of Anoas required the crew to open and close them from the outside manually and only fitted to the front window now can be safely closed from inside and it also now present on each individual vision blocks, improved crew intercom systems, redesign of vehicles exhaust system from previously rounded muffler with long exhaust pipes now into rectangular muffler with short exhaust pipes mounted on the side, and reduction of vision blocks and firing ports in troop compartment from four on each side to three. Modification on the troop compartment also features individual roof/wall-suspended blast mitigation seat for ten troops and manual override for rear hydraulic ramp. Some vehicle also fitted with camera featuring night-vision capabilities at the front of the vehicle.<ref name="Kompas" />

=== Anoa 3 ===
[[File:Demo kendaraan tempur Anoa 3 pada 27 Januari 2023.jpg|thumb|Anoa 3 demonstration, 27 January 2023]]

Revealed in Indo Defence 2022. A variant of the [[Renault Trucks#Military vehicles|Arquus]] [[Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé|VAB]] Mk.3 with several adaptations conducted by Pindad known as the Anoa 3.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Arquus and PT Pindad present the ANOA 3 at Indodefence 2022 {{!}} Arquus |url=https://www.arquus-defense.com/newsroom/news/arquus-and-pt-pindad-present-anoa-3-indodefence-2022 |access-date=2022-11-04 |website=www.arquus-defense.com}}</ref> It has STANAG Level 4 protection level.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.janes.com/article/49237/new-vab-looks-for-export-sales-idx15d1 |title=New VAB looks for export sales &#91;IDX15D1&#93; - IHS Jane's 360 |website=www.janes.com |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150630105804/https://www.janes.com/article/49237/new-vab-looks-for-export-sales-idx15d1 |archive-date=30 June 2015 }}</ref>

===Badak FSV===
{{Main|Pindad Badak}}
{{multiple image
 | total_width = 410
 | image1 =Panser canon2.JPG
 | image2 =Badak-pindad.jpg
 |footer= Left to right:<br />
*A Pindad Anoa in a FSV configuration on display at the Indo Defence 2008
*Badak FSV during live-fire test, 2016
}}
A prototype of Anoa fire-support version (FSV) using an Alvis AC 90 turret with the Cockerill 90mm MkIII M-A1 gun was first unveiled at Indo Defence & Aerospace 2008,<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130200346/http://www.bumn.go.id/pindad/publikasi/berita/panser-anoa-tipe-apc-unjuk-kebolehan-di-pameran-indo-defence-2008/|url=http://www.bumn.go.id/pindad/publikasi/berita/panser-anoa-tipe-apc-unjuk-kebolehan-di-pameran-indo-defence-2008/|title=Panser Terbaru Pindad Bersenjata Kanon|access-date=2013-01-17|date=2008-11-19|publisher=PT Pindad|archive-date=2012-01-30 |language=id}}</ref> it was announced that the APS-3 fire-support version would be deployed into the Indonesian Army services by 2010.<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090317120255/http://www.tempointeraktif.com/hg/nasional/2008/08/29/brk%2C20080829-132920%2Cid.html |archive-date=2009-03-17 |url=http://www.tempointeraktif.com/hg/nasional/2008/08/29/brk,20080829-132920,id.html |title=Pindad Rancang Panser Canon |access-date=2008-12-10 |date=2008-08-29 |publisher=Tempo Interactive |language=id }}</ref>

The final, definitive version of the fire support variant was then unveiled at Indo Defence & Aerospace 2014 known as the '''Badak'''. The Badak featured a new design with all-welded monocoque steel hull with STANAG 4569 Level 3 protection, a new 340&nbsp;hp power pack located at the front left and the driver now seated on the right side (beside the engine), leaving the remainder of the hull clear for the installation of the turret. The suspension also utilises double wishbone independent suspension (as opposed to torsion bar on the Anoa) for better stability while firing the 90mm canon. The CMI Defence CSE 90LP two-person turret has a baseline protection of up to STANAG 4569 Level 1 (upgradable to Level 4) and is armed with a 90mm low-pressure rifled gun. In addition, there is a 7.62mm co-axial machine gun, with another 7.62mm machine gun mounted on the left side of the turret roof for use in the limited air and self-defense roles, and also two-banks (four each) of 76mm smoke grenade projectors on either side of the turret.<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150101124123/http://www.janes.com/article/45490/badak-armed-vehicle-makes-debut-at-show-indo14-day3|archive-date=2015-01-01|url=http://www.janes.com/article/45490/badak-armed-vehicle-makes-debut-at-show-indo14-day3|title=Badak armed vehicle makes debut at show - Indo14-Day3|access-date=2015-01-01|date=2014-11-06|publisher=[[Jane's Information Group]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/indodefence_2014_official_show_daily_news_coverage/pt_pindad_and_cmi_unveil_the_badak_rhinoceros_with_cockerill_cse_90p_turret_at_indodefence_2014.html|title=BPT Pindad and CMI unveil the BADAK (Rhinoceros) with Cockerill CSE 90P turret at IndoDefence 2014|access-date=2015-01-01|date=2014-11-06|publisher=Army Recognition}}</ref>

PT Pindad signed a contract with Ireland's Timoney Technologies during IDEX 2017 at Abu Dhabi, UAE for a customised Timoney modular drive-line, transfer case, and steering system to upgrade the Badak 6×6 fire support vehicle drive train.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.defenseworld.net/news/18535/Indonesia_s_PT_Pindad__Irish_Timoney_Sign_Contract_To_Upgrade_Badak_6x6_Mobility_System_At_IDEX|title=Indonesia's PT Pindad, Irish Timoney Sign Contract To Upgrade Badak 6x6 Mobility System At IDEX|website=www.defenseworld.net|access-date=2018-09-11}}</ref>

===Armament===
The baseline vehicle is fitted with a small manually-operated open turret on the left of the vehicle and armed with a [[STK 50MG|12.7 mm]] [[heavy machine gun]], 7.62&nbsp;mm [[General-purpose machine gun|general purpose machine gun]], or a 40&nbsp;mm [[automatic grenade launcher]] and also 2x3 66&nbsp;mm smoke grenade projectors. There is one rear-facing 5.56&nbsp;mm [[light machine gun]] mounting in front of right roof hatch in troop compartments for mounted infantry use.<ref name="Kodam"/><ref name="MF"/>

In Indo Defence & Aerospace 2010, the Anoa 2 was shown to the public with a RCWS installed.<ref name="Pasukan"/><ref name="Kompas"/>

==Variants==
The following variants are produced by [[Pindad]]:<ref name="Malaysia"/><ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130217210112/http://www.bumn.go.id/pindad/id/publikasi/berita/pindad-serahkan-panser-di-hari-jadi-tni/ |url=http://www.bumn.go.id/pindad/id/publikasi/berita/pindad-serahkan-panser-di-hari-jadi-tni/ |title=Pindad Serahkan Panser di Hari Jadi TNI |date=2008-09-11 |access-date=2013-01-17 |archive-date=2013-02-17 |publisher=PT Pindad |language=id }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/indo_defence_2012_show_daily_news_pictures_video/cmi_defence_at_indodefence_with_new_generation_of_turret_the_cse90_weapon_system_0911122.html|title=CMI Defence at IndoDefence 2012|access-date=2013-01-17|publisher=Army Recognition|date=2012-11-09}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.armyrecognition.com/indo_defence_2010_news_pictures_video_actualites/pindad_new_wheeled_armoured_vehicle_of_indonesian_army_indonesia_indodefence_2010.html|title=The new wheeled armoured vehicle of Indonesian Army, the Pindad|access-date=2013-01-17|date=2010-11-10|publisher=Army Recognition}}</ref>

* APC
* Up-armoured variants (fitted with add-on ceramic/composite armour)
* Ambulance
* Command
* Logistics (modular design for fuel/ammunition carrier)
* VIP variant (used by [[Paspampres]])
* Armoured Recovery
* Reconnaissance/Surveillance
* 81mm Mortar Carrier
* Anoa 2
* Rimau (proposed Anoa 2 variant for Malaysia with Mercedes-Benz engine)
* [[Pindad Badak|Badak FSV]]
* APS-3 4x4 (prototype)
* Anoa FSV (prototype)
* Panser 20mm (fitted with [[Denel Land Systems|Denel]] LCT20 turret) (prototype)
* Anoa 2 Amphibious (fitted with trim-vane, flotation kit, bilge-pump and large propeller) (prototype)

==Operators==
<!--READ FIRST: This section is for cited entries only. Please do not add entries into this list without a citation from a reliable source. All entries without a citation will be removed. Thank you.-->
[[File:Anoa operators.png|thumb|320px|Map of Anoa operators {{legend|#1974D2|Operator}}]]

===Current operators===
* {{flag|Indonesia}}: 400+<ref name="AR" /><ref name="tempovideo">{{Cite web|url=https://video.tempo.co/read/14580/eksklusif-dirut-pindad-hingga-kini-400-unit-anoa-telah-terjual|title=EKSKLUSIF, Dirut Pindad: Hingga Kini 400 Unit Anoa Telah Terjual - Video Tempo.co|date=9 May 2019 }}</ref>

=== Potential operators ===
* {{flag|Bangladesh}}: In 2007, a visit by a [[Bangladesh]]i trade delegation to the [[Pindad]] office expressed interest in possible acquisition of the ''Panser''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pindad.com/news800.php?bahasa=2&varkdnews=N00007|title=Bangladesh Delegation Interested in Ss2 and Panzer Products of Pt. Pindad|access-date=2008-10-29|publisher=[[Pindad]]|date=2007-08-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081216085212/http://www.pindad.com/news800.php?bahasa=2&varkdnews=N00007|archive-date=2008-12-16}}</ref> On March 30, 2021, it's reported that Pindad will export six Anoas.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://voi.id/en/teknologi/41698/not-cans-pt-pindad-will-export-ammunition-to-asia-to-america|title = Not Cans PT Pindad Will Export Ammunition to Asia to America}}</ref>
* {{BRU}}: In 2018, Brunei addressed intentions to purchase 45 Anoas alongside SS2s after holding informal talks back in 2015.<ref>{{cite web |author=[[Quratul-Ain Bandial]] |date=2011-09-04 |title=Brunei to purchase from Indonesia |url=http://www.bt.com.bn/news-national/2011/09/04/brunei-purchase-indonesia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160801053940/http://www.bt.com.bn/news-national/2011/09/04/brunei-purchase-indonesia |archive-date=2016-08-01 |access-date=2013-06-09 |publisher=The Brunei Times}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |title=Brunei agrees to Pindad weapons, APC purchase: Jokowi |language=en |work=The Jakarta Post |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2018/05/04/brunei-agrees-to-pindad-weapons-apc-purchase-jokowi.html |access-date=2018-06-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Brunei Buy Combat Vehicles from Pindad |url=http://jabarprov.go.id/En/index.php/news/5678/2018/05/04/Brunei-Buy-Combat-Vehicles-from-Pindad |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180819151456/https://jabarprov.go.id/En/index.php/news/5678/2018/05/04/Brunei-Buy-Combat-Vehicles-from-Pindad |archive-date=2018-08-19 |access-date=2022-07-06}}</ref> The purchase was confirmed by the [[Chief executive officer|main director]] of Pindad Abraham Mose.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Wareza |first=Monica |title=Pindad Produksi 400 Juta Peluru, Sebagian Diekspor ke Myanmar |url=https://www.cnbcindonesia.com/news/20200123150905-4-132215/pindad-produksi-400-juta-peluru-sebagian-diekspor-ke-myanmar |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=CNBC Indonesia |language=id-ID}}</ref> No signed deal have materialised.
* {{GHA}}: Ghana expressed interest in buying Anoa.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |date=2020-01-23 |title=Ekspansi ke Pasar Afrika, Pindad Jajaki Ekspor Alutsista ke Ghana - Bisnis Katadata.co.id |url=https://katadata.co.id/happyfajrian/berita/5e9a498f8aaed/ekspansi-ke-pasar-afrika-pindad-jajaki-ekspor-alutsista-ke-ghana |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=katadata.co.id |language=id}}</ref>
* {{flag|Iraq}}: Iraq has expressed interest in buying the Anoa, taking the geography into account, during several meetings between Iraqi and Indonesian officials.<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120908135844/http://us.nasional.news.viva.co.id/news/read/348372-era-baru-kemiliteran-irak-dari-indonesia |url=http://us.nasional.news.viva.co.id/news/read/348372-era-baru-kemiliteran-irak-dari-indonesia |title=Era Baru Kemiliteran Irak dari Indonesia |language=id |publisher=VIVA News |access-date=2013-01-18 |archive-date=2012-09-08 |author=Ismoko Widjaya and Riefki Farandika Pratama |date=3 September 2012 |url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thejakartapost.com/news/2012/08/25/indonesia-may-sell-weapons-supplies-iraq-uganda.html|title=Indonesia may sell weapons, supplies to Iraq, Uganda|date=2012-08-25|access-date=2013-06-09|publisher=The Jakarta Post}}</ref>
* {{flag|Pakistan}}:<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.antaranews.com/en/news/106797/indonesia-offers-defense-equipment-to-pakistan|title=Indonesia offers defense equipment to Pakistan|date=September 20, 2016|access-date=September 21, 2016|publisher=[[Antara (news agency)|Antara]]}}</ref>
* {{flag|Saudi Arabia}}: Indonesian [[Ministry of Defense (Indonesia)|Minister of Defense]], [[Ryamizard Ryacudu]] said that Saudi Arabia was interested in buying Anoa combat vehicles.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.aa.com.tr/id/headline-hari/arab-saudi-tertarik-anoa-amunisi-buatan-pindad/1257690|title=Arab Saudi tertarik Anoa, amunisi buatan Pindad|date=September 18, 2018|access-date=March 14, 2023|publisher=[[Anadolu Agency]]|language=id}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://en.antaranews.com/news/123374/indonesia-to-export-anoa-3-panzer-for-middle-east|title=Indonesia to export Anoa 3 Panzer for Middle East|publisher=[[ANTARA News]]|date=April 10, 2019|access-date=March 17, 2023}}</ref>
* {{flag|Timor Leste}}: Announced interest to purchase the Anoa.<ref>{{cite web |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130215133526/http://asean-news.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=992:timor-leste-pesan-panser-anoa-ke-pindad&catid=134:timorleste-national&Itemid=619 |url=http://asean-news.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=992:timor-leste-pesan-panser-anoa-ke-pindad&catid=134:timorleste-national&Itemid=619 |title=Timor Leste Pesan Panser Anoa ke Pindad |date=2012-09-07 |access-date=2013-01-17 |archive-date=2013-02-15 |publisher=ASEAN News |language=id }}</ref>

===Failed contracts===
* {{flag|Philippines}}: It was reported on November 5, 2019 that Prabowo was showing Filipino DND officials the Anoa for a possible purchase.<ref name="PrabowoF" /> The Philippine Army acquired the [[VBTP-MR Guarani]].
* {{flag|Malaysia}}: Malaysia reported to have shown interest to procure 32 Anoa "Rimau" variant. There is no signed deal available.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite web |title=Mengenal Tank Anoa dan Senjata Serbu SS2 V2 yang Dibeli Sultan Brunei |url=https://kumparan.com/kumparannews/mengenal-tank-anoa-dan-senjata-serbu-ss2-v2-yang-dibeli-sultan-brunei |access-date=2023-04-02 |website=kumparan |language=id-ID}}</ref>
* {{flag|Nepal}}: Nepal was reported to have shown interest for 28 6x6 versions of the ''Panser'' for its UN peacekeeping missions.<ref>{{cite web|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130117065252/http://www.antaranews.com/view/?i=1235720344&c=NAS&s= |url=http://www.antaranews.com/view/?i=1235720344&c=NAS&s= |title=Pindad Pertimbangkan Pesanan Panser Dari Nepal |access-date=2013-01-16 |publisher=Antara News |date=2009-02-27 |language=id |archive-date=2013-01-17 }}</ref> There is no signed deal available.<ref name="Deal">{{cite web |title=Renault APCs set for Indonesian army |url=http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2011/01/14/Renault-APCs-set-for-Indonesian-army/UPI-44491295004600/ |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110117004827/http://www.upi.com/Business_News/Security-Industry/2011/01/14/Renault-APCs-set-for-Indonesian-army/UPI-44491295004600/ |archive-date=2011-01-17 |access-date=2012-09-14}}</ref>
* {{flag|Oman}}: Unconfirmed reports of 200 units to be ordered.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.kontan.co.id/index.php/bisnis/news/24172/Pindad-Kebanjiran-Pesanan-Panser|title = Pindad Kebanjiran Pesanan Panser |access-date = 2009-11-14|language=id| archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20091101015224/http://www.kontan.co.id/index.php/bisnis/news/24172/Pindad-Kebanjiran-Pesanan-Panser| archive-date= 1 November 2009 <!--DASHBot-->| url-status= live}}</ref> There is no signed deal available.<ref name="Deal"/>

==See also==
* {{lwc|Véhicule de l'Avant Blindé|VAB}}
* {{lwc|WZ-551}}
* {{lwc|Patria Pasi}}
* {{lwc|TPz Fuchs}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Pindad APS-3 Anoa}}

* [https://www.pindad.com/anoa-6-x-6-apc PINDAD Anoa 6x6 page]
*[http://www.pindad.com/showpro1.php?p=35&b=2&m=2&u=3 Official site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130116003005/http://www.pindad.com/showpro1.php?p=35&u=3&m=2&b=2 |date=2013-01-16 }}

{{Pindad}}
{{Modern IFV and APC}}
{{Armoured combat vehicles}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pindad Aps-3}}
[[Category:Wheeled armoured personnel carriers]]
[[Category:Post–Cold War military equipment of Indonesia]]
[[Category:Military vehicles introduced in the 2000s]]
[[Category:Six-wheeled vehicles]]
[[Category:Armoured fighting vehicles of Indonesia]]