View source for Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture

{{Short description|Autonomous prefecture in northern Xinjiang, China}}
{{Infobox settlement
<!-- Basic info ----------------->
| name = Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture
| settlement_type = [[Autonomous prefecture]]
| translit_lang1 = Name
| translit_lang1_type = {{nobold|[[Standard Chinese|Chinese]]}}
| translit_lang1_info = {{lang|zh-Hans-CN|博尔塔拉蒙古自治州}}
| translit_lang1_type1 = {{nobold|[[Uyghur language|Uyghur]]}}
| translit_lang1_info1 = {{lang|ug-Arab|بۆرتالا موڭغۇل ئاپتونوم ئوبلاستى}}
| translit_lang1_type2 = {{nobold|[[Mongolian language|Mongolian]]}}
| translit_lang1_info2 = {{MongolUnicode|ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠧᠦ|style=max-height:2.5em; word-wrap:normal}}
| translit_lang1_type3 = {{nobold|[[Oirat language|Oirat]]}}
| translit_lang1_info3 = {{MongolUnicode|ᡋᡆᠷᡆᡐᠠᠯᠠ ᡏᡆᡊᡎᡆᠯ ᡄᡋᡄᠷᡄᡃᠨ ᠴᠠᠰᠠᡍᡇ ᡓᡇᡇ|style=max-height:2.5em; word-wrap:normal}}
| total_type = <!-- to set a non-standard label for total area and population rows -->
| motto = <!-- images and maps ------------>
| image_skyline = Alashankou railway station.jpg
| imagesize = 
| image_caption = [[Alashankou railway station]]
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| image_map = China Xinjiang Bortala.svg
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| map_caption = Bortala Mongol Prefecture (red) in Xinjiang (orange)
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| coordinates = {{coord|44.9060|N|82.0664|E|type:adm2nd_region:CN-65_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=it}}
<!-- Location ------------------>| subdivision_type = Country
| subdivision_name = People's Republic of China
| subdivision_type1 = [[Autonomous regions of China|Autonomous region]]
| subdivision_name1 = [[Xinjiang]]
| seat_type = Prefectural seat
| seat = [[Bole, Xinjiang|Bole]]
| parts_type = 
| parts_style = <!-- =list (for list), coll (for collapsed list), para (for paragraph format)
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| parts = <!-- parts text, or header for parts list -->
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<!-- Politics ----------------->| government_footnotes = 
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| named_for = <!-- Area ------------------------>
| area_magnitude = <!-- use only to set a special wikilink -->
| unit_pref = <!--Enter: Imperial, to display imperial before metric-->
| area_footnotes = 
| area_total_km2 = 27,000
| area_land_km2 = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on unit conversion-->
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| area_blank1_km2 = <!-- Elevation -------------------------->
| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
| elevation_m = 
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| elevation_min_m = <!-- Population ------------------------->
| population_as_of = 2019
| population_footnotes = 
| population_note = 
| population_total = 475,483<ref name="博尔塔拉州2019年国民经济和社会发展统计公报">{{Cite web|date=19 April 2020|title=博尔塔拉州2019年国民经济和社会发展统计公报|url=http://www.tjcn.org/tjgb/31xj/36347.html|access-date=23 March 2021|language=zh}}</ref>
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_metro = 
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| population_urban = 211,235
| population_density_urban_km2 = auto
| population_blank1_title = 
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| demographics_type2   = GDP <ref name="博尔塔拉州2019年国民经济和社会发展统计公报"/>
| demographics2_title1 = [[Autonomous prefecture]]
| demographics2_info1 = [[CN¥]] 35.4 billion<br />[[US$]] 5.1 billion 
| demographics2_title2 = Per capita
| demographics2_info2 = CN¥ 74,275<br />US$ 10,749
<!-- General information ---------------->
| timezone = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]
| utc_offset = +8
<!-- Area/postal codes & others -------->| postal_code_type = <!-- [[Postal code of China|Postal code]] -->
| postal_code = 
| area_code = 
| iso_code = [[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-XJ-27]]
| website = {{URL|http://www.xjboz.gov.cn/}}
| footnotes = 
}} 
{{Infobox Chinese
| order = st
| s = 博尔塔拉蒙古自治州
| t = 博爾塔拉蒙古自治州
| w = {{tone superscript|Po2-êrh3-tʻa3-la1 Mêng3-ku3 Tzŭ4-chih4-chou1}}
| p = Bó'ěrtǎlā Měnggǔ Zìzhìzhōu
| mon = Борталын монгол үндэстний өөртөө засах жуу
| mong = <span style="display:block; max-height:2.5em; word-wrap:normal">ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠧᠦ</span>
| monr = Borotal-a-yin Moŋɣol öbertegen jasaqu jėü
| uig = بۆرتالا موڭغۇل ئاپتونوم ئوبلاستى
| uly = Börtala Mongghul Aptonom Oblasti
| uyy = Bɵrtala Mongƣul Aptonom Oblasti
| sgs = Börtala Mongĝul Aptonom Oblasti
| usy = Бөртала Моңғул Аптоном Области
| lang1 = Oirat
| lang1_content = {{MongolUnicode|ᡋᡆᠷᡆᡐᠠᠯᠠ ᡏᡆᡊᡎᡆᠯ ᡄᡋᡄᠷᡄᡃᠨ ᠴᠠᠰᠠᡍᡇ ᡓᡇᡇ|style=max-height:2.5em; word-wrap:normal}}<br/>''Borotala mongγol ebereen zasaqu ǰuu''
}}

'''Bortala Mongol Autonomous Prefecture'''{{efn|{{bulleted list|{{lang-zh|s=博尔塔拉蒙古族自治州|p=Bó'ěrtǎlā Měnggǔzú Zìzhìzhōu}}; abbreviated {{lang|zh-Hans-CN|博尔塔拉州}} or {{lang|zh-Hans-CN|博州}}|{{langx|ug|بۆرتالا موڭغۇل ئاپتونوم ئوبلاستى}}|[[Mongolian language|Mongolian]]: {{MongolUnicode|ᠪᠣᠷᠣᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ|lang=mn}}{{MongolUnicode|ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠣᠯ|lang=mn}}{{MongolUnicode|ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ|lang=mn}}{{MongolUnicode|ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠵᠧᠦ|lang=mn}}}}}} is an [[autonomous prefecture]] in the northern [[Xinjiang]], [[China]]. Its capital is [[Bole, Xinjiang|Bole]], also known as Bortala. It has a population of 475,483 inhabiting an area of {{convert|27,000|km2|abbr=on}}. Despite being designated an autonomous area for [[Mongols in China]], only a little over five and a half per cent of Bortala's population is [[Mongols|Mongol]].

==Etymology==
"Bortala" comes from the [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]] words ''boro tala'', which mean "brown steppe".

==Geography==
Bortala is located in the southwestern part of the [[Dzungarian Basin]]. It occupies a V-shaped basin between the [[Dzungarian Alatau]] in the northwest and the [[Borohoro Mountains]] in the southwest.

The prefecture borders [[Kazakhstan]] to the north and west, and has an [[China-Kazakhstan border|international border]] of {{convert|385|km|abbr=on}}. To the east it borders [[Wusu]] City and [[Toli County]] of [[Tacheng Prefecture]]; to the south it borders [[Nilka County]], [[Yining County]], and [[Huocheng County]] of [[Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture]].

The prefecture has two large lakes, [[Ebi-Nur]] and [[Sayram Lake]].

==Administrative divisions==
Bortala is divided into two [[county-level city|county-level cities]], [[Bole, Xinjiang|Bole]] and [[Alashankou]]; and two counties: [[Jinghe County]] and [[Wenquan County]]. In addition, it is home to the Fifth Agricultural Division of the [[Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps]] and its 11 regiment-level farms / ranches.

{| class="wikitable"  style="font-size:90%;" align=center
! colspan=9 | Map
|-
| colspan=9 | <div style="position: relative" class=center>
{{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Bortala.png|width={{{1|730}}}|link=}} 
{{Image label|x=1400|y=580|scale={{{1|730}}}/2918|text=[[Bole, Xinjiang|'''Bole<br/>{{small|(city)}}''']]}}
{{Image label|x=2180|y=380|scale={{{1|730}}}/2918|text=[[Alashankou|'''Alashankou<br/>{{small|(city)}}''']]}}
{{Image label|x=2210|y=950|scale={{{1|730}}}/2918|text=[[Jinghe County|'''Jinghe<br/>County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=800|y=450|scale={{{1|730}}}/2918|text=[[Wenquan County|'''Wenquan<br/>County''']]}}
{{Image label end}}
</div>
|-
! Name
! [[Chinese characters|Hanzi]]
! [[Pinyin|Hanyu Pinyin]]
! [[Uyghur language|Uyghur]] ([[Uyghur Arabic alphabet|UEY]])
! Uyghur Latin ([[Uyghur Latin alphabet|ULY]])
! [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]]
! Population {{small|(2010 Census)}}
! Area (km<sup>2</sup>)
! Density (/km<sup>2</sup>)
|----------
|[[Bole, Xinjiang|Bole]]<ref name="official">The official spelling according to {{cite book|script-title=zh:中国地名录 |location=Beijing |publisher=[[SinoMaps Press]] ({{lang|zh-Hans|中国地图出版社}}) |year=1997 |isbn=7-5031-1718-4}}</ref>
|{{lang|zh-Hans|博乐市}}
|{{transl|zh|Bólè Shì}}
|style="text-align:right;"|{{lang|ug|بۆرتالا شەھىرى}}
|{{transl|ug|Börtala Shehiri}}
|{{MongolUnicode|ᠪᠣᠷᠢᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ|style=max-height:1.8em; word-wrap:normal}}
|235,585
|7,802
|30.19
|----------
|[[Alashankou]]
|{{lang|zh-Hans-CN|阿拉山口市}}
|{{transl|zh|Ālāshānkǒu Shì}}
|style="text-align:right;"|{{lang|ug|ﺋﺎﻻﺗﺎﯞ ﺋﯧﻐﯩﺰﻯ}}
|{{transl|ug|Alataw Shehiri}}
|{{MongolUnicode|ᠠᠯᠠᠭ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ|style=max-height:1.5em; word-wrap:normal}}
|10,000(?)
|43
|232.55
|----------
|[[Jinghe County]]<ref name="official" />
|{{lang|zh-Hans|精河县}}
|{{transl|zh|Jīnghé Xiàn}}
|style="text-align:right;"|{{lang|ug|جىڭ ناھىيىسى}}
|{{transl|ug|Jing Nahiyisi}}
|{{MongolUnicode|ᠵᠢᠩ ᠾᠧ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ|style=max-height:1.3em; word-wrap:normal}}
|141,593
|11,189
|12.65
|----------
|[[Wenquan County]]<ref name="official" />
|{{lang|zh-Hans|温泉县}}
|{{transl|zh|Wēnquán Xiàn}}
|style="text-align:right;"|{{lang|ug|ئارىشاڭ ناھىيىسى}}
|{{transl|ug|Arishang Nahiyisi}}
|{{MongolUnicode|ᠷᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ|style=max-height:1.7em; word-wrap:normal}}
|66,502
|5,862
|11.34
|}

==History==
[[File:Txu-oclc-6654394-nl-44-2nd-ed.jpg|thumb|Map of the area in the [[International Map of the World]] (1960)]]
The [[Tang dynasty]] created the {{Interlanguage link multi|Shuanghe Protectorate|zh|3=双河都督府}} in this area. During the [[Yuan dynasty|Yuan]] and [[Ming dynasty|Ming dynasties]], the area was the territory of the [[Oirats|Oirat]]s. [[Chahar (Mongols)|Chahar]] Mongols were moved here during the [[Qing dynasty]] from [[Zhangjiakou|Kalgan]], while [[Torgut Mongols|Torghuud]] [[Oirats]] moved eastwards from the [[Volga]].

The [[History of the People's Republic of China|People's Republic of China]] established the autonomous prefecture on July{{nbsp}}13, 1954.

==Demographics==
There are 35 [[nationalities of China|nationalities]] in Bortala. According to the 2010 census, 65% of the 443,680 inhabitants are [[Han Chinese]], while the remainder are [[Mongols|Mongol]], [[Uyghurs|Uyghur]], [[Kazakhs|Kazakh]], [[Hui people|Hui]] or of other nationalities.<ref name="2010 census">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OkAVAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA65|pages=65–66|title=Eurasian Corridors of Interconnection: From the South China to the Caspian Sea|editor= Susan M. Walcott|editor2=Corey Johnson|date=August 2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1135078751|author=Stanley W. Toops}}</ref>

;Population by ethnicity as of 2000 and 2010.<ref name="2010 census"/>
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="1" | [[List of ethnic groups in China|Ethnicity]]
! Population<br>2000
!colspan="1"|%
! Population<br>2010
!colspan="1"|%
|-
| [[Han Chinese|Han]]
| 284,915
| 67.18%
| 288,220
| 64.96%
|-
| [[Uyghurs|Uyghur]]
| 53,145
| 12.53%
| 59,106
| 13.32%
|-
| [[Kazakhs]]
| 38,744
| 9.13%
| 44,417
| 10.01%
|-
| [[Mongols in China|Mongol]]
| 23,927
| 5.64%
| 25,125
| 5.66%
|-
| [[Hui people|Hui]]
| 19,053
| 4.49%
| 23,180
| 5.22%
|-
| [[Dongxiangs|Dongxiang]]
| 1,587
| 0.37%
| 1,455
| 0.33% 
|-
| [[Zhuang people|Zhuang]]
|
|
| 345	
| 0.08%
|-
| [[Sibe people|Xibe]]
|
|
| 273
| 0.06%
|-
| [[Tibetan people|Tibetan]]
|
|
| 271	
| 0.06%
|-
| [[Tujia people|Tujia]]
|
|
| 267
|0.06%
|-
| [[Manchu people|Manchu]]
|
|
| 193
| 0.04%
|-
| [[Russians|Russian]]
|
|
| 114
| 0.03%
|-
| [[Uzbeks|Uzbek]]
|
|
| 90
| 0.02%
|-
| [[Kyrgyz people|Kyrgyz]]
|
|
| 74
| 0.02% 
|-
| Others
| 2,669
|
| 550
| 0.12%
|- style="background:#DEF"
| '''Total'''
| 424,100
| 100%
| 443,680
| 100%
|}

==Economy==
In 2004 the prefecture had a total [[gross domestic product]] of 3.69 billion [[Renminbi]] (including the XPCC 5th division), an increase of 11.9% over the previous year. Annual total imports and exports totalled [[United States dollar|US$]] 554 million, an increase of 96.8% over the previous year. Average annual salary was 11000 [[Renminbi]], an increase of 7.6%; average annual pure income per capita for agricultural workers was 3904 [[Renminbi]], an increase of 10.8%.

==Transport==
[[Alashankou]] is a [[port of entry]] with both [[railroad]]s and [[road]]s linking China with [[Kazakhstan]]; it is also one of China's national first-class port of entry ({{lang|zh-hans|国家一类口岸}}). The volume of imports / exports passing through Alashankou accounts for 90% of the total for all of Xinjiang, and has been second to only [[Manzhouli]], [[Inner Mongolia]] among land ports-of-entry in China for 8 days.

==Notes==
{{Notelist}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.xjboz.gov.cn/ Bortala Government website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210206175619/http://www.xjboz.gov.cn/ |date=2021-02-06 }}{{in lang|zh}}
*[http://218.31.96.68/ Bortala Government website]{{in lang|mn}}

{{Xinjiang}}
{{Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China}}
{{Mongol autonomy in the People's Republic of China}}

{{authority control}}

[[Category:Prefecture-level divisions of Xinjiang]]
[[Category:Autonomous prefectures of the People's Republic of China]]
[[Category:Mongols in China]]
[[Category:1954 establishments in China]]