View source for Brooklyn Navy Yard

{{Short description|Shipyard and industrial complex in Brooklyn, New York}}
{{About|the naval shipyard in New York City|the naval station at New York City|Naval Station New York}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2024}}
{{Infobox military installation
|name= Brooklyn Navy Yard
|location= [[Brooklyn]], [[New York City]], New York
|image= Navy Yard, Brooklyn. New York. 1918 - NH 117794.jpg
|caption=Aerial photo taken in 1918
|type= Shipyard
|built= 1801
|materials=
|used= 1806–1966
|controlledby= [[United States Navy]]
|garrison=
|commanders=
|module=
{{Infobox NRHP
| name         = Brooklyn Navy Yard Historic District
| embed        = yes
| nrhp_type    = hd
| nocat        = yes
| image        =
| caption      =
| location     = Navy Street and [[Flushing Avenue|Flushing]] and Kent Avenues<br>[[Brooklyn]], New York
| coordinates  = {{Coord|40|42|07|N|73|58|08|W|type:landmark_region:US-NY|display=inline, title}}
| locmapin     = USA New York City#USA New York inset#USA
| added        = May 22, 2014
| area         = {{convert|225.15|acre}}
| built        = 1801
| architect    =
| architecture = Early Republic, Mid-19th Century, Late Victorian, Modern Movement
| refnum       = 14000261<ref>{{NRISref|2007a}}</ref>
}}
}}

The '''Brooklyn Navy Yard''' (originally known as the '''New York Navy Yard''') is a [[shipyard]] and industrial complex in northwest [[Brooklyn]] in [[New York City]], [[New York (state)|New York]], U.S. The Navy Yard is located on the [[East River]] in [[Wallabout Bay]], a semicircular bend of the river across from [[Lower East Side#Corlears Hook|Corlears Hook]] in [[Manhattan]]. It is bounded by Navy Street to the west, [[Flushing Avenue]] to the south, Kent Avenue to the east, and the East River on the north. The site, which covers {{Convert|225.15|acre}}, is listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]].

The Brooklyn Navy Yard was established in 1801. From the early 1810s through the 1960s, it was an active shipyard for the [[United States Navy]], and was also known as the '''United States Naval Shipyard, Brooklyn''' and '''New York Naval Shipyard''' at various points in its history. The Brooklyn Navy Yard produced wooden ships for the U.S. Navy through the 1870s. The shipyard built the [[USS Monitor|USS ''Monitor'']], the Navy's first [[ironclad warship]], in 1862, and it transitioned to producing iron vessels after the [[American Civil War]] in the mid-1860s. It produced some of the Navy's last [[pre-dreadnought battleships]] just prior to [[World War I]], and it performed major repairs and overhauls of its [[dreadnought]] and post-dreadnought [[battleship]]s during [[World War II]].

The Brooklyn Navy Yard has been expanded several times, and at its peak, it covered over {{Convert|356|acre}}. The efforts of its 75,000 workers during World War II earned the yard the nickname "The Can-Do Shipyard".<ref name="can-do">{{cite web |url=http://bldg92.org/events/the-can-do-yard-ww-ii-at-the-brooklyn-navy-yard-9/ |title=The Can-Do Yard: WWII at the Brooklyn Navy Yard |website=BLDG 92 |publisher=Brooklyn Navy Yard Development Corporation |access-date=August 5, 2016 |archive-date=August 9, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160809025537/http://bldg92.org/events/the-can-do-yard-ww-ii-at-the-brooklyn-navy-yard-9/ |url-status=dead}}</ref> The Navy Yard was deactivated as a military installation in 1966, but continued to be used by private industries. The facility now houses an industrial and commercial complex run by the New York City government, both related to shipping repairs and maintenance and as office and manufacturing space for non-maritime industries.

The Brooklyn Navy Yard includes dozens of structures, some of which date to the 19th century. The [[Brooklyn Naval Hospital]], a medical complex on the east side of the Brooklyn Navy Yard site, served as the yard's hospital from 1838 until 1948. Dry Dock 1, one of six [[dry dock]]s at the yard, was completed in 1851 and is listed as a [[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission|New York City designated landmark]]. Former structures include [[Admiral's Row]], a grouping of officers' residences at the west end of the yard, which was torn down in 2016 to accommodate new construction. Several new buildings were built in the late 20th and early 21st centuries as part of the city-run commercial and industrial complex. A [[Quarters A, Brooklyn Navy Yard|commandant's residence]], also a National Historic Landmark, is located away from the main navy yard site. The [[FDNY]]'s Marine Operations Division and their fireboats are located at Building 292.

== History ==

=== Site ===

The site of the Brooklyn Navy Yard was originally a [[mudflat]] and [[tidal marsh]] settled by the [[Canarsie Indians]]. The Dutch colonized the area in the early 17th century, and by 1637, Dutch settler [[Joris Jansen Rapelje]] purchased {{convert|335|acre|ha}} of land around present-day [[Wallabout Bay]] from the Indians.<ref name="CR17">{{harvnb|ps=.|Church|Rutsch|1982|p=17 (PDF p. 21)}}</ref><ref name="NPS59">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|pp=59–60}}</ref> The site later became his farm, though Rapelje himself did not reside on it until circa 1655.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Ostrander|first1=S.M.|last2=Black|first2=A.|title=A History of the City of Brooklyn and Kings County|publisher=subscription|issue=v. 1|year=1894|url=https://archive.org/details/ahistorycitybro01ostrgoog|access-date=September 6, 2018|page=[https://archive.org/details/ahistorycitybro01ostrgoog/page/n125 101]}}</ref> Rapelje was a [[Walloons|Walloon]] from Belgium, and the area around his farm came to be known as "Waal-boght" or "Waal-bocht", which translates roughly into "Walloon's Bay"; this is probably where the name of Wallabout Bay was adapted from.<ref name="CR17" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/digital/collections/cul/texts/ldpd_5847255_000/pages/ldpd_5847255_000_00000222.html?toggle=image&menu=maximize&top=&left=|title=Manhattan in 1628 as Described in the Recently Discovered Autograph Letter of Jonas Michaëlius, Written from the Settlement on the 8th of August of that Year and Now First Published: With a Review of the Letter and an Historical Sketch of New Netherland to 1628|last1=Veersteeg|first1=Dingman|last2=Michaëlius|first2=Jonas|publisher=Dodd Mead|year=1904|page=176}}</ref> The Rapelje family and their descendants had possession of the farm for at least a century afterward, and mostly farmed on the drained mudflats and tidal marshland. They built a grist mill and a mill pond on the site by 1710.<ref name="CR17" /> The pond continued to be used through the 19th century.<ref name="NPS59" /><ref name="Barber 1851" /> The Remsen family were the last descendants of the Rapeljes to own the farm, and they held possession of nearby land plots through the mid-19th century.<ref name="CR18">{{harvnb|ps=.|Church|Rutsch|1982|p=18 (PDF p. 22)}}</ref>

During the [[American Revolutionary War]], the British held American prisoners of war on [[prison ship]]s moored in the bay. Many of the prisoners died and were buried in trenches on nearby ground.<ref name="CR18" /><ref name="Barber 1851">{{cite book|last=Barber|first=J.W.|title=Historical Collections of the State of New York|year=1851|url=https://archive.org/details/historicalcollec00barb_6|language=en|access-date=September 6, 2018|pages=[https://archive.org/details/historicalcollec00barb_6/page/127 127]–128}}</ref><ref name="nyt18700313">{{cite news|title=The Brooklyn Navy Yard – Its Early History and Present Condition – Who Have Been Commanders – Vessels Pitted Oat – The Workmen and the Buildings|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=March 13, 1870|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1870/03/13/archives/the-brooklyn-navy-yard-its-early-history-and-present-condition-who.html|page=8|access-date=October 4, 2018}}</ref> Some 12,000 prisoners were said to have died by 1783, when the remaining prisoners were freed. The [[Prison Ship Martyrs' Monument]] in nearby [[Fort Greene, Brooklyn|Fort Greene]] was built to honor these casualties.<ref>{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|pp=60–61}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Fort Greene Park Monuments|website=Prison Ship Martyrs Monument : NYC Parks|date=November 14, 1908|url=https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/fort-greene-park/monuments/1222|access-date=September 6, 2018}}</ref> In 1781, shipbuilder John Jackson and two of his brothers acquired different parts of the Rapelje estate. Jackson went on to create the neighborhood of [[Wallabout, Brooklyn|Wallabout]], as well as a shipbuilding facility on the site.<ref name="CR20">{{harvnb|ps=.|Church|Rutsch|1982|p=20 (PDF p. 24)}}</ref><ref name="NPS62">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=62}}</ref> The first ship that Jackson built at the site was the merchant ship ''Canton'', which he built in the late 1790s.<ref name="NPS62" /><ref name="Berner p. 12" /><ref>{{cite book|last=Stiles|first=H.R.|title=A History of the City of Brooklyn: Including the Old Town and Village of Brooklyn, the Town of Bushwick, and the Village and City of Williamsburgh|publisher=Heritage Books|series=Heritage classic|year=1888|isbn=978-1-55613-804-1|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=37RDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA945|access-date=September 7, 2018|page=945}}</ref>

=== Development and early years ===

{{multiple image
|align=right
|direction=vertical
|width=200
|image1=USS Enterprise (1874) at the New York Navy Yard.jpg
|caption1={{USS|Enterprise|1874|2}} docked at the yard, ''circa'' 1890
|image2=USS Indiana (BB-1) - NH 91935.jpg
|caption2={{USS|Indiana|BB-1}} refitting at the yard after the [[Spanish–American War]]
|image3=USS Oregon in dry dock, 1898.jpg
|caption3={{USS|Oregon|BB-3|2}} in the yard in 1898
|image4=USS Texas LOC det.4a15442u.jpg
|caption4={{USS|Texas|1892|2}} in the yard circa 1903
|image5=USS-NebraskaBB-14.jpg
|caption5={{USS|Connecticut|BB-18|2}} and {{USS|Nebraska|BB-14|2}} in the yard in 1909
}}

====Land purchase====
The Jacksons put the land up for sale in 1800, and the federal government soon learned about the sale.<ref name="NPS62" /> On February 7, 1801, federal authorities purchased the old docks and {{convert|40|acre|ha}} of land from John Jackson for $40,000 through an intermediary, Francis Childs.<ref name="NPS62" /><ref name="AMNY-Secrets">{{cite web|url=https://www.amny.com/secrets-of-new-york/brooklyn-navy-yard-secrets-1.10357833|title=Secrets of the Brooklyn Navy Yard|date=April 1, 2015|website=am New York|access-date=September 4, 2018}}</ref><ref name="United States. Congress 1871">{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=61BHAQAAIAAJ&pg=RA3-PA1|title=United States Congressional Serial Set|author=United States Congress|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|year=1871|pages=1–2|chapter=Letter from the Secretary of the Navy in answer to a resolution from the House of the 6th instant, transmitting copies of deeds for the land now occupied by the Brooklyn navy yard|access-date=September 5, 2018|issue=v. 1452}}</ref><ref name="bde19181215">{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14796007/bny_expansion_1918/|title=How Brooklyn Navy Yard Has Grown From A $40,000 To A $40,000,000 Institution|date=December 15, 1918|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|page=31|via=Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com|access-date=October 9, 2018}}</ref> Childs sold the site to the federal government 16 days later.<ref name="CR20" /> The purchase was part of outgoing U.S. president [[John Adams]]'s plans to establish a series of naval yards in the United States.<ref name="NPS62" /> This particular site was chosen because it was thought that the plot's location near [[Lower Manhattan]] and [[New York Harbor]] would be ideal for placing military defenses; however, this never came to fruition.<ref>{{harvnb|ps=.|Harper's Magazine|1871|pp=4–5}}</ref>

The property went unused for several years because Adams's successor [[Thomas Jefferson]] opposed military build-up.<ref name="Berner p. 12">{{harvnb|ps=.|Berner|1999|p=12}}</ref> The Brooklyn Navy Yard became an active [[shipyard]] for the [[United States Navy]] in 1806, when the yard's first commandant [[Jonathan Thorn]] moved onto the premises.<ref name="NPS62" /><ref name="nyt20130614">{{cite news|last=Smith|first=Sarah Harrison|title=A Birthplace of Ships, Transformed|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=June 14, 2013|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/06/16/nyregion/a-birthplace-of-ships-transformed.html|access-date=September 6, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://navylive.dodlive.mil/2014/10/14/nycs-connection-to-navys-birthday/|title=NYC's Connection to Navy's Birthday|date=October 14, 2014|website=Navy Live|access-date=September 5, 2018}}</ref> It took several decades before the Brooklyn Navy Yard was fully developed; for the most part, early development was focused around the western side of the current yard.<ref>{{harvnb|ps=.|Church|Rutsch|1982|pp=21, 24 (PDF pp. 25, 28)}}</ref> It was around the same time<!-- {{circa|1805-1806}} --> that [[Quarters A, Brooklyn Navy Yard|Quarters A]], the [[Federal architecture|federal-style]] commandant's house, was built at the northwestern corner of the Brooklyn Navy Yard.<ref name="CR22">{{harvnb|ps=.|Church|Rutsch|1982|p=22 (PDF p. 26)}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/25/realestate/25scap.html|title=A Federal-Style Gem That Outshines Gracie Mansion|last=Gray|first=Christopher|date=June 25, 2006|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=October 30, 2018}}</ref> In 1810, the federal government acquired another {{convert|131|acre|ha}} of land from the state of New York.<ref name="United States. Congress 1871" /><ref name="NPS63">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=63}}</ref> Much of this land was underwater at high tide.<ref name="NPS63" /> During the [[War of 1812]], the Brooklyn Navy Yard repaired and retrofitted more than 100 ships, although it was not yet used for shipbuilding.<ref name="NPS63" /><ref>{{harvnb|ps=.|Berner|1999|p=9}}</ref><ref name="bde19510223" />

====Initial operations====
The first [[ship of the line]] built at Brooklyn Navy Yard was {{USS|Ohio|1820|6}}, a wooden ship designed by [[Henry Eckford (shipbuilder)|Henry Eckford]]. Her keel was laid in 1817, and she was [[ship naming and launching|launched]] on May 30, 1820.<ref>{{harvnb|ps=.|Berner|1999|p=11}}</ref><ref name="NPS64">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=64}}</ref><ref name="bde19510223" /> The yard's first [[receiving ship]], a type of ship used to house new recruits for the Navy, was [[Robert Fulton]]'s steam [[frigate]], {{USS|Fulton|1815|6}}. ''Fulton'' was initially called ''Demologos'' and was designed as a [[floating battery]] to protect the [[New York Harbor]]. However, the steamship was deemed inadequate for that purpose, and when Fulton died in 1815, the vessel was rechristened ''Fulton''.<ref name="NPS64" /> ''Fulton'' then served as a [[receiving ship]], moored off the shoreline of the Navy Yard until she was destroyed in an explosion on June 4, 1829.<ref name="nyt18700313" /><ref name="BDE-Florida-1910">{{cite news|title=Battleship Florida, Launched Today, Is Undisputed Queen of the Seas|url=https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/55387548/|access-date=October 4, 2018|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|via=Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com|date=May 12, 1910|page=22}}</ref>

By the 1820s, the Navy Yard consisted of the commandant's house, a marine barracks building, several smaller buildings, and shiphouses on what is now the northwestern corner of the yard. Of these, the commandant's house is the only remaining structure.<ref name="NPS65">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=65}}</ref> The Navy acquired an additional {{convert|25|or|33|acre|ha}} from Sarah Schenck in 1824, on which it built the Brooklyn Naval Hospital.<ref>{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=5}}</ref><ref name="NPS65" /><ref name="Naval Medical Bulletin 1908 p. 103">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1h-gAAAAMAAJ&pg=RA2-PA103|title=United States Naval Medical Bulletin|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|year=1908|page=103|access-date=September 6, 2018}}</ref> The same year, it was converted into a "first-class" yard.<ref name="New International Encyclopedia 1914 p. 20">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qBwoAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA20|title=New International Encyclopedia|publisher=Dodd, Mead|year=1914|page=20|access-date=September 6, 2018|issue=v. 4}}</ref><ref name="NPS65" /> The hospital opened in 1838.<ref name="NPS66" /> During the [[Great Fire of New York]] on December 16, 1835, the Navy Yard  sent a detachment of U.S. Marines and sailors to help fight the fire, which had quickly consumed much of which is now the [[Financial District, Manhattan|Financial District]]. The detachment detonated buildings in the fire's path, which created fire breaks and reduced the fire's ability to spread, leading ''The Long Island Star'' to report that the "detachment of marines from the navy yard under Lieutenant Reynolds and sailors under Captain Mix rendered the most valuable service..."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/46068579/|work=The Long Island Star|date=December 21, 1835|page=2|via=newspapers.com {{open access}}|access-date=September 25, 2020|title=Fire – article 21 Dec 1835 }}</ref> Similarly. during the [[Great New York City Fire of 1845|Great Fire]] in Lower Manhattan on July 19, 1845, "a detachment of sailors and marines from the navy yard under Captain Hudson, were present, and did good service. The [[USS North Carolina]] which was acting as a receiving ship for new enlisted men, also sent her sailors in boats for shore duty."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/59974595/|title=The Second Great Fire|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|date=July 21, 1845|access-date=September 25, 2020|page=2|via=newspapers.com {{open access}}}}</ref> The Navy Yard also sent materials for blowing up buildings and creating firebreaks.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/59981121/|title=Awful Conflagration in New York!|work=Brooklyn Evening Star|date=July 19, 1845|access-date=September 25, 2020|page=2|via=newspapers.com {{open access}}}}</ref>

Admiral [[Matthew C. Perry]] arrived at the Brooklyn Navy Yard in 1831, and was commandant from 1841 to 1843.<ref name="NPS69" /> Perry helped found the United States Naval Lyceum at the Navy Yard in 1833.<ref name="NPS69" /><ref name="USNI201408" /> Its first president was [[Charles G. Ridgeley]].<ref name="USNI201408" /> The Lyceum, which was housed in a handsome brick building,<ref name="CR22" /> published several magazines and maintained a museum of documents from around the world. Its membership included junior officers, lieutenants, midshipmen, and several U.S. presidents.<ref name="USNI201408">{{cite magazine |url=https://www.usni.org/magazines/naval-history-magazine/2014/october/crucible-naval-enlightenment|title=The Crucible of Naval Enlightenment|last=Berube|first=Claude|date=August 2014|volume=28|issue=5|magazine=Naval History Magazine|publisher=[[United States Naval Institute]]|access-date=March 18, 2021}}</ref> When the Lyceum disbanded in 1889, its documents and artifacts were transferred to the [[U.S. Naval Academy Museum]] in Maryland,<ref name="USNI201408" /> and the museum building was demolished.<ref name="NPS69" /> In addition, when the U.S. Navy's first steam warship ''[[USS Fulton (1837)|Fulton II]]'' was built at the Brooklyn Navy Yard in 1837, Perry helped supervise the vessel's construction, and he later became her first commander.<ref>{{harvnb|ps=.|Berner|1999|p=23}}</ref><ref name="NPS69" /> Perry was also present during the construction of Dry Dock A, but he left his position as commandant of the Brooklyn Navy Yard in 1843.<ref name="NPS69" />

[[File:Navy Yard BNY,23 May 1835, BNY, mechanics, requesting "that the day of labor on the works of the naval service, may not exceed ten hours.jpg|thumb|A Petition, for the Ten Hour Day, dated March 26, 1835, signed by Brooklyn Navy Yard mechanics, requesting "that the day of labor on the works of the naval service, may not exceed  ten hours."]]

====Early civilian employees====
Early Brooklyn Navy Yard mechanics and laborers were [[per diem]] employees, paid by the day. As per diem employees they were rarely in a position to negotiate wages. Commodore [[Isaac Chauncey]] writing to the Secretary of the Navy Robert Smith on January 5, 1808, declared "I however was able to find a sufficient number willing to work at the reduced wages and these who refused will in a week come back and beg for work and I shall be able to reduce their wages 25 cents more for the merchants have no work for them to do, therefore,  they must either work for us at our price or go unemployed to induce the merchants to believe the government is not fully determined to build the twenty three Gun Boats at this place I have given out that they are to be built where they can be built cheapest..."<ref>Sharp, John  G.M., [http://www.usgwarchives.net/va/portsmouth/shipyard/sharptoc/brooklyn-sharp.html ''Documentary History of the New York (Brooklyn) Navy Yard 1806–1856'']</ref> Wages fluctuated significantly based on the congressional apportionment for that year. For example in May 1820, the Board of Navy Commissioners, directed Captain Samuel Evans, the pay of shipyard  carpenters was to be reduced 1.62 1/2 cents per day to 1.25 per day, likewise laborers pay was reduced from 90 cents per day to 75.<ref name=wages>Commodore John Rodgers to Captain Samuel Evans, May 24, 1820, re reduction in wage rates RG 125, Records of the Judge Advocate General Case Number 403 Capt. Samuel Evans Entry 26 – B. ([[:File:John Rodgers to Samuel Evans pay limits for Brooklyn Navy Yard 1821.jpg]])</ref>   The Brooklyn Navy Yard soon became a large employer because of the expansion of shipbuilding. 1835 was an important year for American labor, with workers in major Northeastern cities petitioning for higher wages; better working conditions, and a ten-hour workday. On  March 26, 1835, the mechanics in the New York Navy Yard petitioned the Board of Navy Commissioners to reduce the workday to ten hours, which was "signed by one thousand citizens of New York and Brooklyn." On April 24, 1835, the Board, rejected their petition, because "it would be inconsistent with the public interests, to regulate the working hours in the Navy Yards as proposed in the memorial".<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/59665720/|title=(Copy) Navy Commissioner's Office|date=May 23, 1835|work=New York Evening Post|access-date=September 22, 2020|page=2|via=newspapers.com {{open access}}}}</ref> The ten-hour workday would not be implemented until March 31, 1840, when President [[Martin Van Buren]] finally mandated a ten-hour workday for all mechanics and laborers employed on public works."<ref>Bliss, Porter, Dwight William, ''The Encyclopedia of Social Reform'', (Funk and Wagnalls, London, 1897), p.1229.</ref> In 1848, the yard had 441 employees who typically worked a ten hour day, six days a week.<ref>{{cite web|first=John G.|last=Sharp|title=Payroll of the Mechanics and Laborers Employed in New York [Brooklyn] Navy Yard May 16 to 31, 1848|url=http://genealogytrails.com/ny/kings/navyyard.html|date=May 31, 1848|access-date=July 6, 2017}}</ref>[[File:New York Navy Yard, Monthly Report of Officers and Others, October 1840.jpg|thumb|New York Navy Yard,(Brooklyn), Monthly Report of Officers and Others, October 1840]]

==== Creation of street grid ====
In 1826, the [[United States Congress]] required all of the United States' naval yards to procure a master plan for future development. Because of various issues such as the muddy geography, the narrowness of the nearby shipping channel, the Brooklyn Navy Yard's small size, and the density of existing development in the surrounding area, the Navy was unable to submit a feasible master plan for the yard.<ref name="NPS65" />

The engineer [[Loammi Baldwin Jr.]] was hired to create a design for building a [[dry dock]] at the yard in 1825. Baldwin's plan, published in 1826, created a [[street grid]] system for the Brooklyn Navy Yard.<ref name="NPS65" /> Two other dry docks were designed: Drydock One at the [[Boston Navy Yard]], and [[Drydock Number One, Norfolk Naval Shipyard|Drydock One]] at the [[Norfolk Naval Shipyard]]. Because of a lack of funds, construction of the Brooklyn Navy Yard's dock was delayed until 1836, when the two other dry docks were completed. Construction on the dry dock started in 1841, and it was completed in 1851.<ref name="LPC 1975 p. 1">{{harvnb|ps=.|Landmarks Preservation Commission|1975|p=1}}</ref><ref name="Kensinger 2018">{{cite web|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2018/5/3/17286046/brooklyn-navy-yard-gmd-shipyard-dry-dock-photo-essay|title=Exploring Brooklyn's last remaining dry docks|last=Kensinger|first=Nathan|date=May 3, 2018|website=Curbed NY|access-date=September 6, 2018}}</ref><ref name="bde19181215" /> In the mid-19th century, the boundaries of Wallabout Creek were placed in a channel, and the creek was dredged, contributing to the surrounding area's development as an industrial shipyard.<ref>{{harvnb|ps=.|Church|Rutsch|1982|p=26 (PDF p. 30)}}</ref>

=== Mid- and late 19th century ===

==== Civil War ====
By 1860, just before the [[American Civil War]], many European immigrants had moved to Brooklyn, which had become one of the largest cities in the United States (it was not part of New York City until 1898).<ref name="NPS73" /> The yard had expanded to employ thousand of skilled mechanics with men working around the clock. At the start of the war, in 1861, the Brooklyn Navy Yard had 3,700 workers.  The navy yard station logs for January 17, 1863, reflected 3,933 workers on the payroll.<ref>Sharp, John G. ''New York (Brooklyn) Navy Yard Station Logs 1839 – 1863'' http://genealogytrails.com/ny/kings/navyyard.html accessed July 6, 2017.</ref> The yard employed 6,200 men by the end of the war in 1865.<ref>{{harvnb|ps=.|Harper's Magazine|1871|p=13}}</ref><ref name="NPS74">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=74}}</ref>

During the Civil War, the Brooklyn Navy Yard manufactured 14 large vessels and retrofitted another 416 commercial vessels to support the [[Union (American Civil War)|Union]]'s naval blockades against the [[Confederate States Navy|Confederate Navy]]. {{USS|Monticello|1859|2}} was rumored to have been retrofitted within less than 24 hours.<ref name="NPS74" /><ref name="bde19510223" /> For three months following [[President Lincoln's 75,000 volunteers|President Lincoln's "75,000 volunteers" proclamation]] in April 1861, the Navy Yard was busy placing weapons and armaments on vessels, or refurbishing existing weapons and armaments. In an article published that July, ''The New York Times'' stated, "For several weeks hands have been kept at work incessantly, often at night and on the Sabbath."<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1861/07/18/archives/the-brooklyn-navyyard.html|title=The Brooklyn Navy-Yard|date=July 18, 1861|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=October 2, 2018}}</ref>  The screw steam sloop {{USS|Oneida|1861|2}}, launched on November 20, 1861, was the first vessel built at the Navy Yard that was specifically intended for the American Civil War.<ref name="NPS74" /> She participated in the [[Battle of Forts Jackson and St. Philip]] in 1862, and in the [[Battle of Mobile Bay]] in 1864.<ref>{{cite DANFS|title=Oneida II (Screw Sloop of War)|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/o/oneida-ii.html|access-date=June 17, 2017}}</ref> Another vessel that was outfitted at the Navy Yard was {{USS|Monitor||2}}, built at the [[Continental Iron Works]] in [[Greenpoint, Brooklyn]],<ref name="NPS74" /> and [[Ship commissioning|commissioned]] at Brooklyn Navy Yard on February 25, 1862.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Army and Navy|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=February 26, 1862|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1862/02/26/archives/the-army-and-navy.html|access-date=October 2, 2018}}</ref> Later that year she fought {{ship|CSS|Virginia}} (originally {{USS|Merrimack|1855|6}}) at the [[Battle of Hampton Roads]].<ref name="NPS74" /><ref>{{cite DANFS|title=Monitor I (Ironclad Monitor)|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/m/monitor-i.html|access-date=June 17, 2017}}</ref> Other vessels built for the Union Navy during this time included {{USS|Adirondack|1862|2}}, {{USS|Ticonderoga|1862|2}}, {{USS|Shamrock|1863|2}}, {{USS|Mackinaw|1863|2}}, {{USS|Peoria|1863|2}}, {{USS|Tullahoma|1863|2}}, {{USS|Maumee|1863|2}}, {{USS|Nyack|1863|2}}, {{USS|Wampanoag|1864|2}}, and {{USS|Miantonomoh|1863|2}}.<ref name="NPS74" /><ref name="BDE-Florida-1910" />

Because of the Navy Yard's role in creating ships for Union blockades of the Confederacy, it was a target for Confederate supporters, who would attempt to ignite the yard's storage facilities.<ref>{{harvnb|ps=.|Livingston|2012|p=102}}</ref><ref name="NPS75" /> After the Union Navy quickly realized the plot, it mobilized sailors and Brooklyn metropolitan police to keep watch around the yard, and the Confederates never tried to mount a real attack.<ref>{{harvnb|ps=.|Livingston|2012|p=103}}</ref><ref name="NPS75">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=75}}</ref>

==== After the Civil War ====
[[File:"Florida" U.S.N. LCCN2014687986.jpg|thumb|left|alt=USS Florida, seen at the Brooklyn Navy Yard|{{USS|Florida|BB-30|6}}, seen at the Brooklyn Navy Yard]]

In 1866, following the end of the Civil War, there was a large decrease in the number of people working at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, although the yard continued to finish off the vessels that were already under construction.<ref>{{cite news|title=The Brooklyn Navy-Yard – The Vessels at the Yard and their Condition – Monitors, Iron-clads, Steamships, Propellers, sailing Vessels, &c. – A Serenade by Midshipmen, and What Came of It|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=September 25, 2018|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1866/07/15/archives/the-brooklyn-navyyard-the-vessels-at-the-yard-and-their.html|page=5|access-date=October 4, 2018}}</ref> Shipbuilding methods had improved greatly during the war's duration, and the shipbuilding technology that the Navy used was now obsolete; this was compounded by a series of other problems that the Navy faced in general, such as corruption. Likely as a result, the Brooklyn Navy Yard did not start construction on any vessels between 1866 and 1872.<ref name="NPS77-78">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|pp=77–78}}</ref> Some boats were launched during this period, such as {{USS|Kenosha|1867|2}}, which was launched in 1868.<ref>{{cite news|title=Launch of the Kenosha|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=September 25, 2018|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1868/08/09/archives/launch-of-the-kenosha.html|access-date=October 4, 2018}}</ref> By the late 1860s and early 1870s, the Navy Yard was creating iron steam vessels, as they were faster and easier to maneuver compared to wooden vessels.<ref>{{harvnb|ps=.|Harper's Magazine|1871|p=9}}</ref> An iron plating shop had been constructed for the construction of such vessels.<ref name="NPS77-78" /> {{USS|Trenton|1876|2}}, launched in 1876,<ref>{{cite news|title=Launching The Trenton – The Second Attempt Successful – The New Frigate in the Dry Dock|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=September 25, 2018|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1876/01/02/archives/launching-the-trenton-the-second-attempt-successfulthe.html|page=12|access-date=October 4, 2018}}</ref> was the final wooden vessel with sails that was constructed at the Brooklyn Navy Yard.<ref name="NPS77-78" /> During the late 19th century, there were calls to close the shipyard permanently, although these never came to fruition.<ref name="BuffaloExp-BNY-1898" />

By 1872, there were 1,200 people on the Brooklyn Navy Yard's payroll, a number that could be increased fourfold in case of war.<ref>{{cite news|title=Brooklyn News – Condition of the Vessels at the Navy-Yard|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=September 25, 2018|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1872/01/09/archives/brooklyn-news-condition-of-the-vessels-at-the-navyyard.html|access-date=October 4, 2018}}</ref> Workers at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, who were employees of the federal government, received employment protections that were considered novel at the time. For instance, an act passed in 1867 protected Navy Yard employees' rights to political free speech, and an act passed in 1872 restricted laborers, mechanics, and workmen from working more than eight hours per day.<ref name="NPS77-78" />

By the end of the 1880s, the shipbuilding industry at Brooklyn Navy Yard was active again, as the Navy started expanding its fleet. The Navy Yard created larger battleships, as well as [[torpedo boat]]s and submarines, and many of the vessels launched from the yard featured modern ordnance, propulsion systems, navigation, and armor.<ref name="NPS77-78" /> The new construction required expanded shipways for launching ships. Since 1820, the Brooklyn Navy Yard had used wooden slipways, with wooden ship houses above each slipway, which protected the wooden ships' [[Hull (watercraft)|hulls]], but in the 1880s, these slipways were updated with granite girders.<ref name="NPS79">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=79}}</ref>

The Navy also constructed two additional dry docks,<ref name="NPS79" /> both of which soon encountered problems.<ref name="BuffaloExp-BNY-1898" /> Dry Dock 2, originally a timber dry dock, was built in 1887 and soon encountered problems due to its poor construction quality.<ref name="NPS79" /><ref name="bde18990804" /> Dry Dock 2 collapsed in a severe storm in July 1899<ref name="bde18990804">{{cite web|title=To Rebuild in Stone Naval Dry Dock 2|date=August 4, 1899|page=2|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|via=Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com|url=http://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/50386901/| access-date=October 4, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Navy-Yard Dock Wrecked – Dry Dock No. 2 Badly Damaged by Wednesday Night's Storm – Repairs May Cost $500,000 – Facilities of the Yard for the Care of Warships Seriously Crippled by the Disaster|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=September 25, 2018|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1899/07/14/archives/navyyard-dock-wrecked-dry-dock-no-2-badly-damaged-by-wednesday.html|access-date=October 4, 2018}}</ref> and was rebuilt in masonry in 1901.<ref name="NPS79" /> Dry Dock 3, a timber dock, was similar in design to Dry Dock 2. It started construction in 1893 and was completed in 1897.<ref name="NPS79" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Navy Dry Dock Is Ready – Admiral Bunce Notifies the Department that the Brooklyn Repairing Place Is Completed|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=July 10, 1898|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1898/07/10/archives/navy-dry-dock-is-ready-admiral-bunce-notifies-the-department-that.html|access-date=October 4, 2018}}</ref> Shortly afterward, Dry Dock 3 was found to be too short by four inches and too shallow by two feet, so it was fixed.<ref name="BuffaloExp-BNY-1898" /> The initial timber construction of Dry Docks 2 and 3 required a large maintenance cost, unlike for the masonry Dry Dock 1, which had required only one reconstruction in 40 years.<ref name="nydt18981121">{{cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%25206%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Tribune%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Tribune%25201898%2520Nov%2520Grayscale%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Tribune%25201898%2520Nov%2520Grayscale%2520-%25200354.pdf|title=The Naval Drydocks|work=New York Daily Tribune|date=November 21, 1898|access-date=October 9, 2018|page=3|via=Fultonhistory.com}}</ref> Both dry docks still exist, but are now inactive.<ref name="Kensinger 2018" /> To support the additional dry docks and shipway capacity, several structures such as large machine shops, an administration building, and a pattern building were constructed in the 1890s.<ref name="NPS79" />

Unlike other U.S. Navy shipyards at this time, the Brooklyn Navy Yard was very active in shipbuilding.<ref name="NPS80" /> One of the most notable ships from the Brooklyn Navy Yard during the late 19th century was {{USS|Maine|ACR-1|2}}, which was launched from Building Way 1, the new slipway. ''Maine''{{'s}} keel was laid in 1888, launched in 1895, and destroyed in Cuba's [[Havana Harbor]] in 1898.<ref name="nyt19690125">{{cite news|last=Burks|first=Edward C.|title=Navy Yard Marks Time, Looking Ahead to Better Days; Ghostly Area Shows Only a Glimmer of Its Past Glory|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=January 25, 1969|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1969/01/25/archives/navy-yard-marks-time-looking-ahead-to-better-days-ghostly-area.html|access-date=September 28, 2018}}</ref><ref name="BDE-Florida-1910" /><ref name="NPS79" /> {{USS|Cincinnati|C-7|6}}, laid down in 1892 and commissioned in 1894, was the lead cruiser of the {{sclass|Cincinnati|cruiser|4}}.<ref name="NPS80">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=80}}</ref>

[[File:Making president's flag 1914.jpg|thumb|Quarterwoman Mary Ann Woods and flag-makers making president's flag in 1914]]

The Brooklyn Navy Yard required large quantities of national flags, naval pennants and canvas gunpowder bags. The task of sewing these materials had historically been performed by men, but the yard began hiring women for the task due to a need for skilled labor. By the late 1890s, many of the yard's newly hired flag makers were women, and most of these women were widows of soldiers killed in war. The flag makers, working up to 14 hours a day, had to sew 30 to 40 flags per ship.<ref>{{cite news|title=Women Who Make Flags – In the Brooklyn Navy Yard They Worked Nights, Sundays, and Holidays During the War – Fitted Out The New Ships – Fourteen Women Always Employed Making Flags for the Navy – Jacks, Pennants, and Flags of All Nations – Difficult Work|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=September 25, 2018|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1898/10/02/archives/women-who-make-flags-in-the-brooklyn-navy-yard-they-worked-nights.html|access-date=October 4, 2018}}</ref> One of these women was Mary Ann Woods,<ref>New York Naturalization Petitions 1794 -1905, NARA RG −85, petition of Mary Ann Woods December 6, 1897.</ref> a seamstress flag maker first class who was hired in 1882 and promoted to "Quarterwoman Flag Maker" in 1898.<ref>Official Personnel Folder, Mary Ann Woods DOB February 7, 1857, NARA St. Louis.</ref><ref>''Washington Bee'' (Washington DC) March 28, 1908,.3.</ref>

=== 20th-century operations ===

==== 1900s and 1910s ====

After Brooklyn was annexed to New York City in 1898, it experienced rapid development, including the construction of the [[Williamsburg Bridge|Williamsburg]] and [[Manhattan Bridge]]s to Manhattan, as well as the first [[New York City Subway]] lines, which were constructed by the [[Interborough Rapid Transit Company]]. The Brooklyn Navy Yard benefited from this, as it was very close to the Manhattan Bridge, and residents of Manhattan could easily access the Navy Yard. There was a large labor force, which was mainly composed of immigrants who had recently come to New York City through [[Ellis Island]].<ref name="NPS81" /> Around this time, there was a proposal to move the Navy Yard to [[Communipaw, New Jersey]], or simply close the yard altogether, but it did not succeed.<ref name="NPS81">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=81}}</ref><ref name="bde19181215" />

After the U.S. won the [[Spanish–American War]] of 1898, President [[Theodore Roosevelt]], a former assistant secretary of the Navy, built up Navy presence.<ref name="NPS81" /> As such he arranged to build sixteen ships for a "goodwill tour" of the world.<ref name="NPS82" /> The main ship, {{USS|Connecticut|BB-18|6}}, was laid down at the Brooklyn Navy Yard in 1903 and launched in 1904;<ref>{{cite web|title=Battleship Connecticut Takes Birthday Plunge; Cheered by Multitude on Shore and River Craft.|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=September 1, 1904|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1904/09/30/archives/battleship-connecticut-takes-birthday-plunge-cheered-by-multitude.html|access-date=October 1, 2018}}</ref> she was also the flagship vessel of the {{sclass|Connecticut|battleship|1}}s.<ref name="NPS82">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=82}}</ref><ref>{{cite DANFS|title=Connecticut IV (Battleship No. 18)|url=https://www.history.navy.mil/research/histories/ship-histories/danfs/c/connecticut-iv.html|access-date=October 9, 2018}}</ref> To accommodate the construction of ''Connecticut'', Building Way 1 was rebuilt in 1903. Another slipway, Building Way 2, was built in 1917, at the same time that Building Way 1 was enlarged. Building Ways 1 and 2 were collectively referred to as the Connecticut building ways.<ref name="NPS82" /> The shipways were used to launch [[dreadnought]]s, large battleships with heavy guns.<ref name="NPS82" /> One such vessel was {{USS|Florida|BB-30|6}}, the lead ship of the {{sclass|Florida|battleship|1}}s, which was launched in 1910.<ref name="BDE-Florida-1910" /><ref>{{cite web|title=Launching of the Florida|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=May 1, 1910|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1910/05/13/archives/launching-of-the-florida.html|access-date=October 1, 2018}}</ref> Other lead battleships launched from the ''Connecticut'' building ways included {{USS|New York|BB-34|2}} in 1912,<ref>{{cite web|title=Biggest Battleship Launched This Week; The Superdreadnought New York Will Take the Water at Brooklyn Navy Yard.|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=October 1, 1912|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1912/10/27/archives/biggest-battleship-launched-this-week-the-superdreadnought-new-york.html|access-date=October 1, 2018}}</ref><ref name="NPS82" /> {{USS|Arizona|BB-39|2}} in 1915,<ref>{{cite web|title=Arizona Afloat as 75,000 Cheer; Biggest Superdreadnought Is Launched from Brooklyn Navy Yard Cradle|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=June 1, 1915|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1915/06/20/archives/arizona-afloat-as-75000-cheer-biggest-superdreadnought-is-launched.html|access-date=October 1, 2018}}</ref><ref name="NPS82" /> {{USS|New Mexico|BB-40|2}} in 1917,<ref>{{cite web|title=To Launch the New Mexico; Dreadnought Nearing Completion in Brooklyn Navy Yard.|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=March 1, 1917|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1917/03/13/archives/to-launch-the-new-mexico-dreadnought-nearing-completion-in-brooklyn.html|access-date=October 1, 2018}}</ref><ref name="NPS82" /> and {{USS|Tennessee|BB-43|2}} in 1919.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ready to Launch New Dreadnought; The Tennessee Will Be Sent Off the Ways at Brooklyn Navy Yard Next Wednesday|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=April 1, 1919|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1919/04/23/archives/ready-to-launch-new-dreadnought-the-tennessee-will-be-sent-off-the.html|access-date=October 1, 2018}}</ref><ref name="NPS82" /> By this time, all vessels at Brooklyn Navy Yard were constructed outdoors, rather than inside shipbuilding houses, as it was easier for overhead cranes.<ref name="NPS82" />

During this time, the waterfront was rebuilt. Dry Dock 4, a brick-and-concrete dry dock with a capacity for ships of up to {{convert|717|ft|m}} long, was planned in 1900 and constructed between 1905 and 1913. During construction, serious problems with quicksand ultimately killed 20 workers and injured 400 others.<ref name="NPS83" /> After the project was abandoned by five different private builders, the federal government intervened to complete Dry Dock 4, which became known as the "Hoodoo" dock.<ref name="NPS83">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=83}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|title=Proceedings of the Municipal Engineers of the City of New York|publisher=The Society|year=1912|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6ZZVAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA313|access-date=October 1, 2018|pages=313–315}}</ref> In conjunction with Dry Dock 4's construction, it was also proposed to lengthen the wooden Dry Dock 3 from {{convert|668|to|800|ft|m}} long.<ref>{{cite news|title=Drydocks Too Small|page=4|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|via=Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com|date=July 1, 1909|url=http://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/53880891/|access-date=October 1, 2018}}</ref> A paymasters' office, a construction and repair shop/storehouse, and a locomotive shed for the Navy Yard's now-defunct railroad system were also constructed.<ref name="NPS83" /> By 1914, the Navy Yard comprised a {{convert|114|acre|ha|adj=on}} area.<ref name="New International Encyclopedia 1914 p. 20" />

[[File:Submarine chasers under construction 15 September 1917.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|alt=SC-1-class submarine chasers being built at the Brooklyn Navy Yard in 1917|{{sclass|SC-1|submarine chaser|1}}s being built at the Brooklyn Navy Yard in 1917]]

Although [[World War I]] started in 1914, it had gone on for several years without American intervention prior to the [[American entry into World War I]] on April 6, 1917. The Brooklyn Navy Yard's workforce of 6,000 grew to 18,000 within a year, and a temporary camp was erected outside the Navy Yard's grounds. In preparation for the war, ID cards were issued to Navy Yard employees to prevent against sabotage, and Liberty Loan Rallies were held at the Navy Yard's boat shop.<ref name="NPS84">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=84}}</ref> The [[Secretary of the U.S. Navy]], [[Josephus Daniels]], argued that the Brooklyn Navy Yard had to be expanded even further to the west to allow for more shipbuilding activities.<ref>{{cite web|title=Navy Yard Will Build Bigger Ships, Says Sec'y Daniels|page=5|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|via=Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com|date=December 16, 1918|url=https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/60023676/|access-date=October 9, 2018}}</ref> In the meantime, non-essential activities were moved to the [[Bush Terminal]] in [[Sunset Park, Brooklyn]]. Several new buildings were built in response to the U.S.'s entry into World War I, including a locomotive roundhouse, supply storehouse, boat shed, structural shop, and light machine shop, as well as Pier C and Machine Way 2. Most of these structures were connected to the four dry docks and two shipways via the Brooklyn Navy Yard's railroad system.<ref name="NPS84" /> By the end of 1918, the U.S. government had made $40 million of investment into the Navy Yard to date ({{inflation|index=US|value=40000000|start_year=1918|fmt=eq|r=-6}}).<ref name="bde19181215" />

During World War I, the six naval shipyards at Brooklyn, [[Boston Navy Yard|Boston]], [[Charleston Naval Shipyard|Charleston (South Carolina)]], [[Norfolk Naval Shipyard|Norfolk]], [[Portsmouth Naval Shipyard|Portsmouth (Maine)]], and [[Philadelphia Naval Shipyard|Philadelphia]] started specializing in the construction of different vessel types for the war effort. The Brooklyn Navy Yard specialized in creating submarine chasers, manufacturing 49 of them in the span of eighteen months.<ref name="NPS86" /> World War I ended in 1918, and, in the aftermath of the war, ''Tennessee'' was the last World War I battleship constructed at the Brooklyn Navy Yard. No new vessels were completed for ten years until {{USS|Pensacola|CA-24|6}} in 1929.<ref name="nyt19290426" /><ref name="bde19510223" /><ref name="NPS86">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=86}}</ref>

==== 1920s and 1930s ====

In 1920, after World War I ended, the Brooklyn Navy Yard started constructing ''South Dakota'' and ''Indiana'', both of them {{sclass|South Dakota|battleship|1||1920}}s.<ref name="NPS87" /> The [[Washington Naval Treaty]] of 1921–1922, a peace treaty between the United States and four other countries, limited the signatories' construction of battleships, [[battlecruiser]]s, and [[aircraft carrier]]s. As a result, there was no need to continue constructing ''South Dakota'' and ''Indiana'', nor to continue employing the shipbuilders who were working on these boats.<ref name="NPS88" /> Starting in 1921, large numbers of Navy Yard workers were fired, and by December 1921, 10,000 workers had been fired.<ref name="nyt19211201">{{cite web|title=More Navy Lay-offs at Brooklyn Yard; Commander Says 500 to 1,000 Will Be Added to the List of 10,000 Already Idle|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=December 1, 1921|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1921/12/21/archives/more-navy-layoffs-at-brooklyn-yard-commander-says-500-to-1000-will.html|access-date=October 1, 2018}}</ref> Work on the partially completed ''South Dakota'' and ''Indiana'' was halted in February 1922,<ref>{{cite web|title=4,000 Workers Laid Off at All Navy Yards; About 1,500 Are in Washington Yard—West Virginia Gun Plant Affected.|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=February 10, 1922|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1922/02/10/archives/4000-workers-laid-off-at-all-navy-yards-about-1500-are-in.html|access-date=October 10, 2018}}</ref> and both vessels were ordered to be [[scrap]]ped.<ref name="nyt19211201" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Brooklyn Navy Yard May Get Job Scrapping Two Battleships|page=9|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|via=Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com|date=February 6, 1922|url=http://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/56159156/|access-date=October 10, 2018}}</ref><ref name="NPS88">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=88}}</ref> Congress did not allocate funding for the construction of any other ships. As such, until 1929, the workers who remained were tasked mostly with repairing ships at the dry docks.<ref name="NPS88" />

''Pensacola'', one of eight "treaty ships" authorized in 1924 after the Washington conference, was launched from the Brooklyn Navy Yard in April 1929.<ref name="nyt19290426">{{cite web|title=Cruiser Pensacola is Launched Here; the Launching of a $16,000,000 Cruiser in Brooklyn.|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=April 26, 1929|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1929/04/26/archives/cruiser-pensacola-is-launched-here-the-launching-of-a-16000000.html|access-date=October 11, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=U.S.S. Pensacola Launched in Rain as Sirens Shriek and Crowds Cheer|date=April 25, 1929|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|pages=[https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/59883363/ 1], [https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/59883396/ 3]}}</ref> and she was completed and commissioned the next year.<ref>{{cite web|title=Navy to Commission Cruiser Tomorrow; Rear Admiral de Steiguer to Turn the Pensacola Over to Capt. A.G. Howe.|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=February 5, 1930|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1930/02/05/archives/navy-to-commission-cruiser-tomorrow-rear-admiral-de-steiguer-to.html|access-date=October 11, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Stobo 1928">{{cite web|last=Stobo|first=John R|title=BNY-Hist-Hoover|website=Columbia University in the City of New York|date=December 1, 1928|url=http://www.columbia.edu/~jrs9/BNY-Hist-Hoover.html|access-date=October 1, 2018}}</ref> The completion of ''Pensacola'' occurred at the start of the [[Great Depression]], and as a result, the workforce of 4,000 was reduced by one-quarter immediately afterward.<ref name="NPS88" /><ref name="Stobo 1928" /> Due to delays in the signing of the [[London Naval Treaty]], as well as a two-year extension of the Washington treaty, the keel of the next ship, {{USS|New Orleans|CA-32|2}}, was not laid until 1931.<ref name="Stobo 1928" /> However, the yard remained open for routine ship maintenance.<ref name="Stobo 1928" />

The election of President [[Franklin D. Roosevelt]] in 1933, combined with fraying relations with Germany, Italy, and Japan, resulted in a resumption of shipbuilding activities for the Brooklyn Navy Yard.<ref name="NPS88" /> {{USS|Brooklyn|CL-40|6}}, the lead ship of the {{sclass|Brooklyn|cruiser|1}}s, was laid at the yard in March 1935.<ref>{{cite web|title=Navy Yard Begins Cruiser Brooklyn; Borough President Ingersoll in Role of Riveter is Cheered by 400 at Ceremony.|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=March 13, 1935|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1935/03/13/archives/navy-yard-begins-cruiser-brooklyn-borough-president-ingersoll-in.html|access-date=October 11, 2018}}</ref> By the end of 1935, ten cruisers were being constructed.<ref name="NPS89">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=89}}</ref> Dry Dock 4 was lengthened slightly to accommodate the keel-laying of the battleship {{USS|North Carolina|BB-55|2}} in 1937.<ref name="NPS90">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=90}}</ref>

The new construction required extra workers.<ref name="NPS89" /> By 1935, the Brooklyn Navy Yard had 4,000 workers. All were well-paid, receiving six days' worth of salary for every five-day workweek, and civilians received sizable retirement funds based on the length of their service.<ref>{{cite web|title=Navy Yard|first=O.R.|last=Pilat|page=13|date=January 19, 1935|url=http://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/52766774/|access-date=October 11, 2018|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|via=Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com}}</ref> The Brooklyn Navy Yard employed 8,200 men by mid-1936, of which 6,500 were constructing ships and 1,700 were hired through WPA programs.<ref>{{cite web|title=8,200 Men at Work on Navy Yard Jobs; 6,500 Are Engaged in Ship Construction in Brooklyn −1,700 on WPA Payrolls|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=August 1, 1936|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1936/08/23/archives/8200-men-at-work-on-navy-yard-jobs-6500-are-engaged-in-ship.html|access-date=October 1, 2018}}</ref> By 1938, the yard employed about 10,000 men, of whom one-third received salaries from the WPA.<ref name="NPS89" /> At the time, the surrounding neighborhood was run-down with various saloons and dilapidated houses, as described in the [[Works Progress Administration]] (WPA)'s 1939 ''Guide to New York City''. It was hoped that the extra work would help rehabilitate the area.<ref name="NPS89" /><ref name="FWP">{{cite fednyc}}</ref> Workers erected a garbage incinerator, garage, a coal plant office, and a seawall; in addition, they paved the Navy Yard's roads and laid new railroad tracks.<ref name="NPS89" />

==== World War II ====
[[File:New York Navy Yard aerial photo 1 in April 1945.jpg|thumb|The Navy Yard in 1945]]
In preparation for [[World War II]], the Brooklyn Navy Yard was extensively reconstructed. The Navy Yard was expanded slightly to the west by {{convert|1.5|acre|ha}}, bringing its total area to {{cvt|356|acre|ha}}, and parts of the mid-19th-century street grid were eliminated in favor of new developments. These structures included the construction of an {{convert|800|by|100|ft|m|adj=on}}, single-story turret-and-erection shop; the expansion of the Connecticut building ways; and lengthening of Dry Dock 4.<ref name="NPS90" /> By 1939, the yard contained more than {{convert|5|mi|spell=in}} of paved streets, four [[drydock]]s ranging in length from {{cvt|326|to|700|ft}}, two steel shipways, and six pontoons and cylindrical floats for salvage work, barracks for marines, a power plant, a large radio station, and a railroad spur, as well as foundries, machine shops, and warehouses.<ref name="FWP" /> The new construction involved extensive landfilling operations, some of which yielded artifacts that were centuries old.<ref name="NPS90" /> In one instance, a Civil War-era prison [[brig]] was found eight feet underground,<ref>{{cite web|title=10% Rise at Navy Yard; Skilled WPA Technicians Will Get More Pay This Week|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=August 16, 1936|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1936/08/16/archives/10-rise-at-navy-yard-skilled-wpa-technicians-will-get-more-pay-this.html|access-date=October 15, 2018}}</ref> while in another, workers unearthed a skeleton thought to be from one of the prison ship martyrs.<ref name="NPS90" />

[[File:Launching of USS North Carolina (BB-55), June 1940.jpg|thumb|alt=Launching of the USS North Carolina (BB-55) in June 1940|Launching of {{USS|North Carolina|BB-55|6}} in June 1940]]

The naval shipyards in Brooklyn and Philadelphia were designated for the construction of battleships.<ref name="NPS91">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=91}}</ref> The first World War II-era battleship built at Brooklyn Navy Yard was {{USS|North Carolina|BB-55|2}},<ref name="BDE-BoroHailsDock-1941" /> which started construction in 1937<ref>{{cite news|title=Brooklyn Navy Yard Ceremonies Mark Start of $62,000,000 Project|page=1|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|via=Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com|date=October 27, 1937|url=http://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/52826471/|access-date=October 16, 2018}}</ref> and was commissioned in April 1941.<ref>{{cite web|title=New Battleship a Symbol of Might; North Carolina, First of 17 Dreadnoughts Ordered, for Naval Renaissance|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=April 6, 1941|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1941/04/06/archives/new-battleship-a-symbol-of-might-north-carolina-first-of-17.html|access-date=October 16, 2018}}</ref> A second battleship, {{USS|Iowa|BB-61|2}}, started construction at Brooklyn Navy Yard in 1939<ref>{{cite web|title=Navy Starts Work on 24 War Vessels; Two 45,000-Ton Battleships Lead in Contract Awards Totaling $350,000,000|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=June 3, 1939|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1939/06/03/archives/navy-starts-work-on-24-war-vessels-two-45000ton-battleships-lead-in.html|access-date=October 15, 2018}}</ref> and was completed in 1942.<ref name="nyt19690125" />  The third battleship to be constructed at Brooklyn Navy Yard was {{USS|Missouri|BB-63|2}},<ref name="BDE-BoroHailsDock-1941" /> which was launched in 1944<ref>{{cite news|title=26,000 See Launching of Battleship Missouri|pages=[https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/52705484/ 1], [https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/52638525/ 2]|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|date=December 9, 1940}}</ref> and was the site of the [[surrender of Japan]] on September 2, 1945.<ref name="nyt19690125" /> After the completion of the battleships, two aircraft carrier orders were placed: one for {{USS|Bennington|CV-20|6}}, laid down in December 1942, and one for {{USS|Franklin D. Roosevelt|CV-42|6}}, laid in 1944.<ref name="NPS98" /> According to the National Park Service, the Brooklyn Navy Yard eventually constructed "three battleships, two floating workshops, eight tank landing ships, and countless barges and lighters". The yard also outfitted 250 ships for battle, as well as made repairs to 5,000 ships.<ref name="NPS91" />

To accommodate the construction of the battleships, dry docks 5 and 6 were constructed. The Navy re-acquired {{convert|25|acre|ha}} of land, which had been sold to New York City in the 1890s to create Wallabout Market. The original plans were to build the dry docks in [[Bayonne, New Jersey]], but that location was unsuitable due to its proximity to a munitions arsenal, and the dry docks at Brooklyn Navy Yard were approved in 1941. The docks would be {{convert|1500|ft|m}} long by {{cvt|200|ft|m}} wide and {{cvt|60|ft|m}} deep; at the time, there were no battleships that large.<ref name="BDE-BoroHailsDock-1941">{{cite news|title=Boro Hails Dock Plan; Other Projects Hinted|pages=[https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/52638505/ 1], [https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/52638582/ 6]|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|date=January 31, 1941}}</ref> The docks were ultimately built at a length of {{cvt|1067|ft|m}}, which still made them longer than any of the other dry docks.<ref name="NPS91" /><ref name="Docks p. 180" /> Construction contracts were awarded in 1941. Several structures were demolished, including the market and the [[#Cob Dock|Cob Dock]]. Additionally, a branch of Wallabout Basin that led to the market was filled in, and about {{convert|2.3|e6yd3|m3}} of silt was dredged from the basin.<ref name="NPS92" /> The neighboring Kent Avenue basin on the east side of the site was also filled in.<ref name="Docks p. 180" /> Afterward, 13,000 piles were driven into the sandy bottom of the basin, and two hundred concrete forms were poured at a rate of {{convert|350|yd3|m3}} per hour.<ref name="NPS92">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=92}}</ref> Dry Dock 5 was completed by 1942.<ref name="NPS92" /> The work also entailed the construction of piers J and K, as well as a {{convert|350|ST|LT|adj=on}} [[hammerhead crane]] at Pier G, added in 1943.<ref name="NPS92" /><ref name="Docks p. 180" />

The Brooklyn Navy Yard was employing 18,000 workers in December 1941, just after the [[attack on Pearl Harbor]].<ref>{{cite news|title=For Past Century Our Navy Yard Has Played Mighty Defense Role|page=10|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|via=Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com|date=December 9, 1940|url=https://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/52774625/|access-date=October 16, 2018}}</ref> Following Pearl Harbor, the U.S. officially entered World War II and the number of employees at Brooklyn Navy Yard increased.<ref name="NPS91" /> By June 1942, more than 42,000 workers were employed.<ref>{{cite web|title=More Navy Yard Workers; Admiral Marquart Says 42,000 Are on Job Here Now|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=June 3, 1942|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1942/06/03/archives/more-navy-yard-workers-admiral-marquart-says-42000-are-on-job-here.html|access-date=October 16, 2018}}</ref> The Brooklyn Navy Yard started [[24/7 service|24/7 operations]], and three shifts of eight hours were implemented. In addition to shipbuilding, workers at the yard created uniforms and flags, as well as packaged food and combat provisions for sailors and soldiers.<ref name="NPS91" /> During the peak of World War II, the yard employed 75,000 people and had a payroll of $15 million per month.<ref name="NPS97" /><ref name="nyt20151101">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/11/01/realestate/reinventing-the-brooklyn-navy-yard.html|title=Reinventing the Brooklyn Navy Yard|date=November 1, 2015|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 4, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Gittleson 2015">{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-33069170|title=A factory grows in Brooklyn|last=Gittleson|first=Kim|date=June 10, 2015|website=BBC News|access-date=September 4, 2018}}</ref> The yard was nicknamed "The Can-Do Shipyard" because of its massive output in constructing dozens of ships and replacing hundreds more.<ref name="can-do" /> Up until the war ended in 1945, the U.S. Navy awarded the Brooklyn Navy Yard an "E" for Excellence award annually.<ref name="NPS97" />

During World War II, the navy yard began to train and employ women and minority workers in positions formerly held by white men who had since joined the armed forces.<ref name="NPS96" /> The women mainly built ships, aircraft, and weapons, as well as communications equipment, small arms, and rubber goods.<ref name="NPS96">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=96}}</ref>  Other women worked in the [[WAVES]] division where they operated communications equipment and decoded messages.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hughes|first=Charlotte|title=Women in Service; Waacs, Waves and Spars Are Doing So Well That the Call Is for More|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=January 24, 1943|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1943/01/24/archives/women-in-service-waacs-waves-and-spars-are-doing-so-well-that-the.html|access-date=October 18, 2018}}</ref> There were 200 women employed at the Brooklyn Navy Yard by 1942.<ref>{{cite web|last=Petersen|first=Anne|title=First Girls at Navy Yard Like Their Jobs as Helpers; Trained by the Government to Do Many Essential Tasks, They Take Their Places Alongside Men And Speed Warship Construction|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=September 20, 1942|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1942/09/20/archives/first-girls-at-navy-yard-like-their-jobs-as-helpers-trained-by-the.html|access-date=October 18, 2018}}</ref> However, women working in the yard faced [[sex discrimination]] and a [[gender pay gap]], which prevented them from advancing to higher-level positions,<ref>{{harvnb|ps=.|Sparr|2000|p=315}}</ref><ref name="NPS97">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=97}}</ref> and many women held "helper" positions to the remaining skilled male workers.<ref>{{harvnb|ps=.|Sparr|2000|p=328}}</ref> After the passage of the [[Fair Employment Practice Committee|Fair Employment Practices Act of 1941]], African Americans were also hired for trade work at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, a sector in which they previously had been banned from working.<ref name="NPS97" /> By January 1945, at peak employment, 4,657 women were working in skilled trades at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, such as pipe-fitters, electricians, welders, crane operators, truck drivers, and sheet metal workers.<ref>{{harvnb|ps=.|Sparr|2000|p=320}}</ref><ref name="NPS97" /> Another 2,300 women worked in administrative jobs.<ref name="NPS97" /> Combined, women made up 10% of the Navy Yard's workforce, though this was lower than the industry-wide female employment rate of 11.5%;<ref>{{harvnb|ps=.|Sparr|2000|pp=321–322}}</ref> minorities, mostly African Americans, made up 8% of the workforce.<ref name="NPS97" /> After the war, most of the women were terminated from their positions, and by 1946 the production workforce was composed entirely of men.<ref>{{harvnb|ps=.|Sparr|2000|p=338}}</ref> The minority workforce continued to grow through the 1960s, when minorities made up a fifth of all workers at the Brooklyn Navy Yard.<ref name="NPS97" />

The Navy constructed at least 18 buildings at the Brooklyn Navy Yard during World War II, using any available land. These structures included a materials testing laboratory, a foundry, two sub-assembly shops, an ordnance machine shop, and a building trades shop.<ref name="NPS91" /> The sub-assembly structures were constructed at the end of each dry dock; they each measured {{convert|800|by|100|ft|m}} in perimeter and {{convert|105|ft|m}} tall.<ref name="Docks p. 180">{{cite book|last=Docks|first=B.Y.|title=Building the Navy's Bases in World War II: History of the Bureau of Yards and Docks, 1940–1946, Volume 1|publisher=U.S. Navy Seabee Museum|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=zaEWw_itW80C&pg=PA180|access-date=October 17, 2018|page=180}}</ref> They fabricated sections of the ships before the completed pieces were joined to the hull, which, along with the introduction of [[welding]], allowed for increased efficiency in the shipbuilding process.<ref name="NPS93">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=93}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Untitled [Brooklyn Navy Yard]|page=54|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|via=Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com|date=December 9, 1945|url=http://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/54530940/|access-date=October 17, 2018}}</ref> Another large structure constructed at the Navy Yard was [[#Building 77|Building 77]], a sixteen-story building that served as the yard headquarters, as well as storage space.<ref name="NPS93" /> In addition, a housing development was built exclusively for Navy Yard workers in [[Fort Greene, Brooklyn|Fort Greene]], a neighborhood located immediately south of the Navy Yard. The development, the Fort Greene Houses, was completed in 1942.<ref>{{cite web|title=Ft. Greene House Ready; Project Near Brooklyn Navy Yard to Get First Tenants Aug. 17|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=August 8, 1942|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1942/08/08/archives/ft-greene-houses-ready-project-near-brooklyn-navy-yard-to-get-first.html|access-date=October 16, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Housing Project to Get First Families Aug. 17|page=3|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|via=Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com|date=August 4, 1942|url=http://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/52696289/|access-date=October 16, 2018}}</ref> A motion picture exchange for armed forces was constructed at the eastern end of the Brooklyn Navy Yard, near the naval hospital, and served to restore, review, and distribute films for use by U.S. Navy troops around the world.<ref name="NPS93" />

====After World War II====
In November 1945, the Brooklyn Navy Yard was formally renamed the "New York Naval Shipyard", per an order from the federal government.<ref name="NPS98">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=98}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=There's A Place in Brooklyn That Won't Fit in a 3-Col. Head|page=1|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|via=newspapers.com; Brooklyn Public Library|date=December 18, 1945|url=http://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/54531915/|access-date=September 29, 2018}}</ref><ref name="nyt19451218">{{cite web|title=Navy Yard's Name Gets Still Longer; Taxi Driver Calls It 'Brooklyn,' but It Has a Much More Ponderous Title Now|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=December 18, 1945|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1945/12/18/archives/navy-yards-name-gets-still-longer-taxi-driver-calls-it-brooklyn-but.html|access-date=September 29, 2018}}</ref> From the yard's establishment in 1801 until the name change, the yard had been officially named the "New York Navy Yard", but the public popularly referred to the yard as "Brooklyn Navy Yard", and the government called it "United States Naval Shipyard, Brooklyn". According to one naval officer, the name change was conducted because "it would lead to better efficiency".<ref name="nyt19451218" />

Following the end of World War II in 1945, industrial demand in Brooklyn declined sharply, and many white families moved away from Brooklyn to suburbs on [[Long Island]]. Public housing developments were built around the New York Naval Shipyard. The construction of the elevated [[Brooklyn–Queens Expressway]] to the south further isolated the shipyard from the surrounding community, although the segment of the expressway near the navy yard did not open until 1960.<ref name="NPS98" /> The workforce was scaled down to approximately 10,000 people by the end of 1947. At the same time, the Navy was selling off unused fleet, and new contracts for Navy vessels were being awarded to private shipyards.<ref name="NPS99">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=99}}</ref> The New York Naval Shipyard celebrated its 150th anniversary in 1951.<ref>{{cite web|last=Sisto|first=Ernest|title=Navy Yard, Still 'Young' at 150, To Be Feted by Employees Tonight; Well Done: Naval Shipyard in Brooklyn on Job for 150th Anniversary Today|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=February 23, 1951|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1951/02/23/archives/navy-yard-still-young-at-150-to-be-feted-by-employes-tonight-well.html|access-date=October 18, 2018}}</ref><ref name="bde19510223">{{cite news|first=Richard J.|last=Roth|title=Brooklyn Navy Yard Celebrates Its 150th Anniversary|page=4|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|via=newspapers.com; Brooklyn Public Library|date=February 23, 1951|url=http://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/53701267/|access-date=October 18, 2018}}</ref> By this time, the yard had mostly shifted to manufacturing aircraft carriers, three of which were under construction.<ref name="bde19510223" />

[[File:Keel plate laying of USS Constellation (CVA-64) at NY Navy Yard in 1957.jpg|thumb|left|alt=The keel-laying of the USS Constellation (CVA-64) at New York Naval Shipyard in 1957|The keel-laying of {{USS|Constellation|CVA-64|6}} at New York Naval Shipyard in 1957]]

When the [[Korean War]] started in 1950, the New York Naval Shipyard temporarily became active again, and by 1953, the shipyard had 20,000 workers on its payroll. The yard started retrofitting aircraft carriers to accommodate [[jet aircraft]].<ref name="NPS99" /> For instance, in 1952, the New York Naval Shipyard renovated the World War II-era {{USS|Antietam|CV-36|2}} into the United States' first angled-deck aircraft carrier.<ref>{{cite web|title=A Brief History of Aircraft Carriers, Part IV|website=U.S. Navy|date=April 22, 1998|url=https://www.navy.mil/navydata/ships/carriers/cv-hist4.html|access-date=October 18, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Carrier Antietam Here; Ship That Served Off Korea to Undergo Repairs in Brooklyn|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=August 1, 1952|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1952/09/01/archives/carrier-antietam-here-ship-that-served-off-korea-to-undergo-repairs.html|access-date=October 18, 2018}}</ref> A contract for the construction of {{USS|Constellation|CV-64|2}}, a super aircraft carrier, was awarded to New York Naval Shipyard in August 1952. The Naval Shipyard was also contracted to build {{USS|Saratoga|CV-60|2}} and {{USS|Independence|CV-62|2}} in the late 1950s, as well as six amphibious transports in the 1960s.<ref name="NPS99" /> Despite this increased activity, the New York Naval Shipyard lost about half of its workforce when Korean War hostilities ended in 1953.<ref name="NPS100">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=100}}</ref>

The keel of ''Constellation'' was laid in 1957.<ref>{{cite web|last=Benjamin|first=Philip|title=Keel of Carrier Constellation Laid|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=September 15, 1957|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1957/09/15/archives/keel-of-carrier-constellation-laid-navy-lays-keel-of-huge-carrier.html|access-date=October 18, 2018}}</ref> ''Constellation'' was nearly complete when she was damaged in a large fire on December 19, 1960, killing 49 people and injuring another 323.<ref>{{cite web|last=Haberman|first=Clyde|title=Remembering the Constellation Fire of 1960|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=December 21, 2010|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/12/21/nyregion/21nyc.html|access-date=October 18, 2018}}</ref> This caused her commissioning to be delayed by several months, to October 1961.<ref>{{cite web|last=Carlson|first=Walter|title=Big Rebuilt Carrier Commissioned Here; Supercarrier Is Commissioned In a Ceremony of Superlatives|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=October 28, 1961|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1961/10/28/archives/big-rebuilt-carrier-commissioned-here-supercarrier-is-commissioned.html|access-date=October 18, 2018}}</ref> In addition to the damage suffered from the ''Constellation'' fire, the New York Naval Shipyard was gradually becoming [[technologically obsolete]]. Newer ships were too large to pass under the nearby [[Manhattan Bridge|Manhattan]] and [[Brooklyn Bridge]]s, and so could not get to the yard.<ref name="NPS100" /> The number of workers at New York Naval Shipyard continued to decline, and in 1963, this attracted the attention of U.S. Senator [[Kenneth B. Keating]], who attempted to preserve the 11,000 remaining jobs.<ref>{{cite web|title=Keating Pledges Aid for Navy Yard Here|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=July 2, 1963|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1963/07/02/archives/keating-pledges-aid-for-navy-yard-here.html|access-date=October 18, 2018}}</ref>

===Closure===
In 1963, [[United States Department of Defense|Department of Defense]] Secretary [[Robert S. McNamara]] started studying the feasibility of closing redundant military installations, especially naval ship yards, in order to save money.  The Department of Defense announced in May 1964 that it was considering closing New York Naval Shipyard, as well as [[Fort Jay]] and the [[Brooklyn Army Terminal]].<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/05/16/archives/brooklyn-moves-to-save-terminal-drafts-new-arguments-to-keep-big.html|title=Brooklyn Moves to Save Terminal – Drafts New Arguments to Keep Big Army Base|date=May 16, 1964|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=August 28, 2018}}</ref> Workers protested against the yard's proposed closure in [[Washington, D.C.]], as well as in [[Madison Square Garden]].<ref name="NPS100-101">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|pp=100–101}}</ref> As a result of the shipyard's anticipated closure, new shipbuilding contracts were awarded to private shipbuilders rather than to the New York Naval Shipyard.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24798345/yard_union_wires_lbj_on_snub/|title=Yard Union Wires LBJ on Snub|date=May 3, 1964|work=New York Daily News|access-date=October 24, 2018|page=801|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> In October 1964, after lobbying from yard workers and local politicians, the shipyard received several shipbuilding contracts; at the time, the number of employees was 9,100 and decreasing.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24798444/some_ship_jobs_for_bklyn_yard/|title=Some Ship Jobs for B'klyn Yard|date=October 8, 1964|work=New York Daily News|access-date=October 24, 2018|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> However, the next month, McNamara announced that the New York Naval Shipyard would be one of nearly a hundred military installations that would be closed.<ref name="nyt19641120">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/11/20/archives/brooklyn-navy-yard-will-close-sweeping-cutbacks-also-include-ft-jay.html|title=Brooklyn Navy Yard Will Close; Sweeping Cutbacks Also Include Ft. Jay and Army Terminal Here; 33 States Listed – 63,000 Will Lose Jobs at 80 Bases in U.S. — Boston Spared|last=Raymond|first=Jack|date=November 20, 1964|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=August 28, 2018|page=1}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252024%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520The%2520World%2520Telegram%2520and%2520Sun%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520The%2520World%2520Telegram%2520and%2520Sun%25201964%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520The%2520World%2520Telegram%2520and%2520Sun%25201964%2520b%2520-%25203196.pdf|title=U.S. to Close Navy Yard; $1 Billion Loss Seen Here|last=Knap|first=Ted|date=November 19, 1964|work=New York World-Telegram|access-date=August 20, 2018|pages=1|via=Fultonhistory.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24647114/scuttle_brooklyn_navy_yard/|title=Scuttle Brooklyn Navy Yard|date=November 20, 1964|work=New York Daily News|access-date=October 18, 2018|page=95|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>

When the shipyard's closure was announced, it employed 10,600 civilian employees and 100 military personnel with an annual payroll of about $90 million. The closure was anticipated to save about $18.1 million annually.<ref name="nyt19641120" /> Many of the employees at New York Naval Shipyard were shipbuilders who were specially trained in that practice.<ref name="NYTimes-6Concerns-1965" /> Shipbuilders made a last-minute attempt to convince the Navy not to close the yard.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/01/12/archives/shipworkers-offer-navy-yard-facts-to-avert-closing.html|title=Shipworkers Offer Navy Yard 'Facts' To Avert Closing|date=January 12, 1965|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> Despite these attempts, in January 1965, officials announced that the yard's closure date was scheduled for June 30, 1966, and began laying off the remaining 9,500 workers.<ref name="NPS100-101" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24798543/grim_words_at_brooklyn_navy_yard/|title=Grim Words at Brooklyn Navy Yard|date=January 20, 1965|work=Press and Sun-Bulletin|access-date=October 24, 2018|location=Binghamton, NY|page=49|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> By the middle of the year, the New York Naval Shipyard only had 7,000 workers on payroll.<ref name="NPS100" />

[[File:Brooklyn Navy Yard main gate jeh.jpg|thumb|Clinton Avenue gate]]

After the New York Naval Shipyard's closure was announced, several alternate uses were proposed, none of which were implemented. In early 1965, manufacturers started looking into the possibility of renting space at the yard.<ref name="NYTimes-6Concerns-1965">{{cite news|last=Lissner|first=Will|title=Six Concerns Ask About Navy Yard – Talks Exploratory, but One Would Employ 5,500|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=January 10, 1965|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/01/10/archives/six-concerns-ask-about-navy-yard-talks-exploratory-but-one-would.html|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> [[Seymour Melman]], an engineering economist at the [[Columbia University]]'s Graduate School of Engineering, devised a detailed plan for converting the Brooklyn Navy Yard into a commercial shipyard which could have saved most of the skilled shipyard jobs.<ref>{{cite news|title=Plan to Convert Navy Yard Urged – Building Commercial Ships Suggested by Economist|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=December 11, 1964|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1964/12/11/archives/plan-to-convert-navy-yard-urged-building-commercial-ships-suggested.html|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> The administration of Mayor [[Robert F. Wagner Jr.]] looked to the auto industry to build a car plant inside the yard.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ingraham|first=Joseph C.|title=Navy Yard Urged for Auto Plant – Proposal by Mayor Elicits Lively Industry Interest Navy Yard Urged for Auto Plant; Manufacturers Will Study Plan|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=April 9, 1965|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/04/09/archives/navy-yard-urged-for-auto-plant-proposal-by-mayor-elicits-lively.html|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> Yet another plan called for a federal [[prison]] to be built on the site.<ref>{{cite news|title=U.S. Prison Urged on Navy Yard Site – Move Opposed by State and City, Which Want Land|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=February 15, 1966|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/02/15/archives/us-pris0n-urged-on-navy-yard-site-move-opposed-by-state-and-city.html|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref>

In August 1965, the Navy launched its last ship from the New York Naval Shipyard, the {{sclass|Austin|amphibious transport dock}} {{USS|Duluth|LPD-6|2}}.<ref>{{cite news|last=Robinson|first=Douglas|title=164-Year-Old Brooklyn Navy Yard Launches Last Ship – Launching Here Is Last for Yard|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=August 15, 1965|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/08/15/archives/164yearold-brooklyn-navy-yard-launches-last-ship-launching-here-is.html|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> The last Navy ships were commissioned at the yard in December 1965.<ref>{{cite news|last=Buckley|first=Thomas|title=Last Navy Yard Ship Commissioned|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=December 19, 1965|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1965/12/19/archives/last-navy-yard-ship-commissioned.html|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> The formal closure of the New York Naval Shipyard was marked by a ceremony on June 25, 1966,<ref>{{cite news|title=Navy Sails Away at Brooklyn Yard – Ceremony Formally Closes the Historic Installation|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=June 26, 1966|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/06/26/archives/navy-sails-away-at-brooklyn-yard-ceremony-formally-closes-the.html|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> and the Navy decommissioned the yard on June 30.<ref name="NPS100-101" /><ref name="NPS102" /> Many of the workers subsequently found other work at the [[Philadelphia Naval Shipyard]] or other locations.<ref name="NPS100-101" />

=== Sale to city, commercial usage, and decline ===

In February 1966, the federal government announced that the Brooklyn Navy Yard was eligible for around $10 million in aid to help convert the yard into an industrial park.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/02/18/archives/navy-yard-here-eligible-for-aid-as-industry-park-10000-jobs-held.html|title=Navy Yard Here Eligible for Aid as Industry Park – 10,000 Jobs Held Possible – U.S. Funds Would Follow a Long-Range Study – Benefit for Unskilled – Project Could Halt Flight of Manufacturing From City, Steingut Says Navy Yard Is Declared Eligible For Aid as an Industrial Park|last=Robinson|first=Douglas|date=February 18, 1966|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> The state's bipartisan congressional delegation began negotiations with the federal government to receive this aid.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/03/09/archives/carey-backed-on-navy-yard-plan-but-us-bars-gift-to-developers.html|title=Carey Backed on Navy Yard Plan But U.S. Bars Gift to Developers|date=March 9, 1966|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> Soon afterward, the city announced plans to purchase the yard and convert it into an industrial complex,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/03/19/archives/city-keeps-its-hand-in-navy-yard-plans.html|title=City Keeps Its Hand in Navy Yard Plans|date=March 19, 1966|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> despite challenges from several federal agencies who also wanted to use parts of the yard.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/03/24/archives/city-will-press-navy-yard-plans-aide-says-admirals-will-not-keep.html|title=City Will Press Navy Yard Plans – Aide Says 'Admirals' Will Not Keep Amenities There|last=Bigart|first=Homer|date=March 24, 1966|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> In July 1966, the city moved to purchase the Brooklyn Navy Yard.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/07/07/archives/city-is-negotiating-to-take-over-navy-yard-for-industrial-center.html|title=City Is Negotiating to Take Over Navy Yard for Industrial Center; Heavy line shows Navy Yard, which city wants to acquire City Negotiating to Take Over Navy Yard for Industrial Center|last=Bennett|first=Charles G.|date=July 7, 1966|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%25208%2FSchenectady%2520NY%2520Gazette%2FSchenectady%2520NY%2520Gazette%25201966%2520Grayscale%2FSchenectady%2520NY%2520Gazette%25201966%2520Grayscale%2520-%25206404.pdf|title=NYC Plans to Buy Site of Navy Yard|last=Associated Press|date=July 7, 1966|work=Schenectady Gazette|access-date=September 17, 2018|page=2|via=Fultonhistory.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Lindsay Wants Industrial Park at Old Navy Yard|date=July 7, 1966|work=Greenpoint Daily Star|pages=[http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252023%2FBrooklyn%2520NY%2520Greenpoint%2520Daily%2520Star%2FBrooklyn%2520NY%2520Greenpoint%2520Daily%2520Star%25201965-1966%2FBrooklyn%2520NY%2520Greenpoint%2520Daily%2520Star%25201965-1966%2520-%25200365.pdf 1], [http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252023%2FBrooklyn%2520NY%2520Greenpoint%2520Daily%2520Star%2FBrooklyn%2520NY%2520Greenpoint%2520Daily%2520Star%25201965-1966%2FBrooklyn%2520NY%2520Greenpoint%2520Daily%2520Star%25201965-1966%2520-%25200367.pdf 3]|via=Fultonhistory.com}}</ref>

The [[Presidency of Lyndon B. Johnson|Johnson administration]] initially refused to sell the yard to the City of New York. The administration wanted to sell the yard at $55 million, while the city wanted a lower price.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1966/07/08/archives/55million-price-put-on-navy-yard-rap-carey-says-hes-trying-to-get.html|title=$55-Million Price Put on Navy Yard – Rap. Carey Says He's Trying to Get City a Lower Figure|last=Carroll|first=Maurice|date=July 8, 1966|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> In May 1967, the federal government and city agreed on a sale price of $24 million.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1967/05/21/archives/us-plans-to-sell-navy-yard-to-city-for-24million-2-parties-reach.html|title=U.S. Plans to Sell Navy Yard to City for $24-Million – 2 Parties Reach Accord on 292-Acre Site – Congress Must Act on Agreement – Approval is Expected – Brooklyn Group Will Lease Area for Development Of Light Industries – 9,900 Lost Jobs|last=King|first=Seth S.|date=May 21, 1967|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> The [[Presidency of Richard Nixon|Nixon administration]], which took office in January 1969, was more amenable to selling the Brooklyn Navy Yard to the city, and offered to sell the yard at more than $1 million below the previously agreed sale price.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1969/01/25/archives/u-s-moves-to-sell-navy-yard-to-city-for-225million-nixon-hopes-to.html|title=U.S. Moves to Sell Navy Yard to City for $22.5-Million – Nixon Hopes to Get a Lower Price Through Congress, Agnew Assures Lindsay U.S. Agrees to Sell Navy Yard To City for $22.5-Million or Less|date=January 25, 1969|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 28, 2018}}</ref> The next month, ownership of the yard was transferred to the city.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1969/02/06/archives/us-turning-over-navy-yard-to-city-in-ceremony-today.html|title=U.S. Turning Over Navy Yard to City In Ceremony Today|date=February 6, 1969|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=October 24, 2018}}</ref> Final congressional agreement for the sale was given in November 1969,<ref>{{cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%2520Disk3%2FWatertown%2520Times%2FWatertown%2520NY%2520Daily%2520Times%2520Nov%25201969%2520Grayscale.pdf%2FWatertown%2520NY%2520Daily%2520Times%2520Nov%25201969%2520Grayscale%2520-%25200452.pdf|title=Brooklyn Navy Yard Sale Set|agency=Associated Press|date=November 21, 1969|work=Watertown Daily Times|access-date=September 28, 2018|page=17|via=Fultonhistory.com}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1969/11/21/archives/us-approves-sale-of-brooklyn-navy-yard-to-city.html|title=U.S. Approves Sale of Brooklyn Navy Yard to City|date=November 21, 1969|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 28, 2018}}</ref> and the next month, the city received a formal contract to purchase the yard for $22.5 million.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1969/12/11/archives/city-is-given-formal-contract-to-buy-brooklyn-navy-yard.html|title=City Is Given Formal Contract To Buy Brooklyn Navy Yard|last=Madden|first=Richard L.|date=December 11, 1969|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 28, 2018}}</ref> The city government made its first [[down payment]] for the property in June 1970.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1970/06/11/archives/city-pays-a-down-payment-on-brooklyn-navy-yard.html|title=City Pays a Down Payment On Brooklyn Navy Yard|date=June 11, 1970|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 1, 2018}}</ref>

==== First leases ====
[[File:Ryerson Avenue gate of Brooklyn Navy Yard 2008 jeh.jpg|thumb|left|Base housing at Ryerson Avenue gate pictured in 2008]]

The Commerce Labor Industry Corporation of Kings (CLICK) had been established in 1966 as a nonprofit body to run the yard for the city.<ref name="NPS100-101" /><ref name="nyt19780419" /> CLICK projected that it would create 30,000 to 40,000 jobs at the Brooklyn Navy Yard within ten years, which in turn was expected to revitalize Brooklyn's economy.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://nymag.com/news/features/46992/index8.html|title=Brooklyn: The Sane Alternative|date=July 14, 1969|website=New York Magazine|access-date=September 13, 2018}}</ref><ref name="nyt19801012" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24798667/navy_yard_may_list_40000_jobs/|title=Navy Yard May List 40,000 Jobs|date=March 22, 1969|work=New York Daily News|access-date=October 24, 2018|page=15|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref>  The first lease inside the yard was signed in May 1968, even before the sale to the city had been finalized.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1968/05/04/archives/navy-yard-tenant-moving-in-early-first-firm-to-sign-a-lease-acts.html|title=Navy Yard Tenant Moving In Early – First Firm to Sign a Lease Acts Before Park Is Set|last=Mooney|first=Richard E.|date=May 4, 1968|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 28, 2018}}</ref> By early 1969, there were 300 people working at four companies within the yard, and more companies were moving in.<ref name="nyt19690125" /> The yard's tenants operated in a variety of industries, such as manufacturing and distribution.<ref name="NPS100-101" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1969/05/11/archives/brooklyn-navy-yard-starting-to-hum-again-as-8-manufacturers-bring.html|title=Brooklyn Navy Yard Starting to Hum Again as 8 Manufacturers Bring New Life and Hope to Area|last=Kihss|first=Peter|date=May 11, 1969|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=October 24, 2018}}</ref>

The city gave CLICK control of the Navy Yard once the city's purchase of the yard had been finalized.<ref name="nyt19710310">{{cite news|last=Gage|first=Nicholas|title=Navy Yard Development Hopes Are Unfulfilled|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=March 10, 1971|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1971/03/10/archives/navy-yard-development-hopes-are-unfulfilled-navy-yard-development.html|access-date=September 28, 2018}}</ref> However, CLICK and the city soon came to an impasse in which CLICK refused to allow the city to participate in the management of the Navy Yard.<ref name="nyt19780419" /> There were allegations that CLICK executives favored granting jobs to local residents, rather than helping businesses move into the yard.<ref name="nyt19800707" /> In 1971, ''The New York Times'' reported that CLICK was operating at a net loss, and that CLICK had created less than half of the jobs that were originally promised for the end of 1970.<ref name="nyt19710310" /> By December 1971, CLICK and the city had a management agreement.<ref name="nyt19780419" /> CLICK management was completely overhauled with a board of 37 nonpartisan directors who all agreed that CLICK would be a "unified, businesslike organization", rather than a group influenced by politics.<ref>{{cite news|last=Ranzal|first=Edward|title=A 'Partnership' Forged on Navy Yard Plan|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=June 19, 1972|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1972/06/19/archives/a-partnership-forged-on-navy-yard-plan.html|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref>

==== Employment peaks ====
Seatrain Shipbuilding, which was wholly owned by [[Seatrain Lines]], was established in 1968<ref name="Seatrain Shipbuilding History">{{cite web|title=Seatrain Shipbuilding|website=U.S. Shipbuilding History, Shipbuilding Records, Tim Colton|date=March 18, 2014|url=http://shipbuildinghistory.com/shipyards/large/seatrain.htm|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> and signed a lease at Brooklyn Navy Yard in 1969.<ref>{{cite news|last=Tolchin|first=Martin|title=Shipbuilder Gets Navy Yard Lease – 45% of Site Involved in Plan to Provide Jobs for Poor Navy Yard Lease Will Provide Shipbuilding Jobs for the Poor|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=January 28, 1969|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1969/01/28/archives/shipbuilder-gets-navy-yard-lease-45-of-site-involved-in-plan-to.html|page=1|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> The lease had a provision that Seatrain hire local workers whenever possible,<ref name="Williams 1978">{{cite news|last=Williams|first=Winston|title=A New Skipper for Seatrain|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=April 9, 1978|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1978/04/09/archives/a-new-skipper-for-seatrain.html|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> Seatrain became one of the largest tenants at Brooklyn Navy Yard, with 2,700 employees by 1973, most of whom lived in Brooklyn.<ref name="Montgomery 1973">{{cite news|last=Montgomery|first=Paul L.|title=A Supertanker Christened in Brooklyn|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=June 1, 1973|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1973/07/01/archives/a-supertanker-christened-in-brooklyn-top-speed-of-26-knots.html|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> Seatrain planned to build five [[Oil tanker|very large crude carriers]] (VLCCs) and seven [[container ship]]s for Seatrain Lines. It eventually built four VLCCs, which were the largest ships ever to be built in the Brooklyn Navy Yard, as well as eight barges and one ice-breaker barge.<ref name="Seatrain Shipbuilding History" /> Seatrain's first vessel, the turbo tanker ''Brooklyn'', was launched in 1973.<ref name="Montgomery 1973" /><ref>{{cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252024%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Amsterdam%2520News%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Amsterdam%2520News%25201973%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Amsterdam%2520News%25201973%252000752_1.pdf|title=Largest Ship Built In U.S.|date=July 7, 1973|work=New York Amsterdam News|access-date=September 16, 2018|pages=C2|via=Fultonhistory.com}}</ref><ref name="NPS102">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=102}}</ref> Coastal Dry Dock and Repair Corp. leased the three small dry docks and several buildings inside the yard from CLICK in 1972.  Coastal Dry Dock only repaired and converted US Navy vessels.<ref name="nyt19870318">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/18/business/real-estate-brooklyn-navy-yard-progress.html|title=Real Estate – Brooklyn Navy Yard Progress|last=Kennedy|first=Shawn G.|date=March 18, 1987|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|page=28|access-date=December 28, 2011}}</ref><ref name="NPS103">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=103}}</ref>

Seatrain temporarily fired 3,000 employees in 1974 due to the [[1973 oil crisis]], resulting in a steep decline in the number of people employed at the Brooklyn Navy Yard.<ref>{{cite news|last=Lichtenstein|first=Grace|title=Navy Yard Dream Now a Nightmare|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=February 9, 1975|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/02/09/archives/navy-yard-dream-now-a-nightmare-city-scaling-down-its-plans-as.html|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> Soon after, Seatrain began venturing out of the shipbuilding business.<ref name="nyan19790609" /><ref name="NPS102" /> The last ship to be built in the Brooklyn Navy Yard was the VLCC ''Bay Ridge'', built by Seatrain;<ref>{{cite book|title=Construction-differential Subsidy Payback: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Merchant Marine of the Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, First Session, on H.R. 2485 ... H.R. 2550 ... May 23, 1985|publisher=U.S. Government Printing Office|year=1986|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9lMoAAAAMAAJ|access-date=September 17, 2018|page=54}}</ref> that vessel was renamed ''Kuito'' and is operating for Chevron off of the coast of Angola in {{cvt|400|m}} of water in the Kuito oil field.<ref>{{cite web|last=Marler|first=Thomas|title=Espadarte, Kuito rein in FPSO cost, construction, and delivery|website=Offshore|date=December 15, 1999|url=https://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/print/volume-60/issue-5/news/general-interest/espadarte-kuito-rein-in-fpso-cost-construction-and-delivery.html|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref>

Employment inside the yard peaked in 1978. By that point, CLICK was leasing space inside the Brooklyn Navy Yard to 38 tenants, who collectively employed 5,500 tenants and occupied {{Convert|3.5|e6ft2|m2}} of space. The yard had another {{Convert|550,000|ft2|m2}} of space, but only {{Convert|6000|ft2|m2}} was considered to be usable at the time. Total occupancy at the Brooklyn Navy Yard was at 97%, up from 50% in 1972.<ref name="nyt19780419">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1978/04/19/archives/about-real-estate-revitalization-at-the-brooklyn-navy-yard.html|title=About Real Estate|last=Oser|first=Alan S.|date=April 19, 1978|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 10, 2018}}</ref>

==== Decline ====
[[File:Brooklyn Navy Yard - Manhattan View.jpg|thumb|upright=1.2|View from near Dry Dock 4]]
Despite the commercial success of the Brooklyn Navy Yard, the former shipyard was also beset by accusations of corruption and racketeering. Additionally, the introduction of large [[container ship]]s, which were too big to access the Brooklyn Navy Yard, meant that potential tenants operated in New Jersey instead, which had been investing in container shipping terminals. As a result, most of the 30,000 to 40,000 jobs never materialized.<ref name="NPS102-103">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|pp=102–103}}</ref>

Seatrain endured a $13.5 million financial loss in 1978 because of various strikes and a decline in demand for oil tankers.<ref name="Williams 1978" /> In January 1979, Seatrain Lines suddenly closed down. More than 1,300 employees were fired, and only 150 were retained to finish any remaining projects.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1979/05/11/archives/1300-seatrain-workers-gather-for-a-final-payday-losses-of-135.html|title=1,300 Seatrain Workers Gather for a Final Payday|last=Herman|first=Robin|date=May 11, 1979|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 10, 2018}}</ref><ref name="nyan19790609">{{cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252024%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Amsterdam%2520News%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Amsterdam%2520News%25201979%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Amsterdam%2520News%25201979%252000834_1.pdf|title=1300 laid-off at Brooklyn Navy Yard|last=Flanagan|first=Lamont|date=June 9, 1979|work=New York Amsterdam News|access-date=September 16, 2018|pages=2|via=Fultonhistory.com}}</ref> This caused a sharp decrease in the number of employees at the yard, and after Seatrain's employees had been terminated, the Brooklyn Navy Yard employed 3,970 people.<ref name="nyt19800707" /> After Seatrain closed down, Coastal Dry Dock became the largest tenant in the yard, with 600 to 1,000 workers at any given time.<ref name="NPS102-103" />

The [[New York City Comptroller]], [[Harrison J. Goldin]], published a report on his office's audit of Brooklyn Navy Yard operations in July 1980. He concluded that the yard had been the victim of "a combination of fraud, mismanagement and waste" because of unnecessary or high expenses incurred by CLICK employees.<ref name="nyt19800707">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/07/07/archives/goldin-fears-navy-yard-abuses-may-cost-the-city-even-millions-first.html|title=Goldin Fears Navy Yard Abuses May Cost the City 'Even Millions'; First Hints in March High Expenses Uncovered|last=Treaster|first=Joseph B.|date=July 7, 1980|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 13, 2018}}</ref> After Goldin's report was published, CLICK's director was forced to resign.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/08/08/archives/industrial-complex-ousts-goodman-direct-result-of-allegations.html|title=Industrial Complex Ousts Goodman; 'Direct Result' of Allegations|date=August 8, 1980|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 13, 2018}}</ref> In subsequent reports, Goldin found that contracts were poorly managed,<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/04/16/nyregion/auditors-assail-navy-yard-park-in-a-new-report.html|title=Auditors Assail Navy Yard Park in a New Report|last=Blumenthal|first=Ralph|date=April 16, 1982|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 13, 2018}}</ref> and that the city was not getting rent money from the Brooklyn Navy Yard.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1985/05/09/nyregion/city-not-getting-navy-yard-rent-an-audit-finds.html|title=City Not Getting Navy Yard Rent, An Audit Finds|last=Barbanel|first=Josh|date=May 9, 1985|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 13, 2018}}</ref> The number of people working at the yard continued to decline, and by October 1980, the yard hired 2,900 people, of which nearly half worked at Coastal Dry Dock. The most optimistic estimates proposed that the Navy Yard would see 10,000 new jobs added if its redevelopment were to peak.<ref name="nyt19801012">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1980/10/12/archives/the-city-tries-again-to-make-a-good-idea-click-maintenance-is-top.html|title=The City Tries Again to Make a Good Idea 'Click'; Maintenance is Top Priority|last=Basler|first=Barbara|date=October 12, 1980|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 13, 2018}}</ref> Local residents expressed frustration about the lack of job creation in the Brooklyn Navy Yard, as well as concerns about CLICK's lack of transparency, since residents were prohibited from attending CLICK meetings. In addition, companies at the Navy Yard were accused of having exceedingly high job standards that disqualified most residents from positions at the yard.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252024%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Amsterdam%2520News%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Amsterdam%2520News%25201982%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Amsterdam%2520News%25201982%252000052_1.pdf|first=Peter|last=Noel|title=CLICK didn't click; Jobless ticked off|date=January 16, 1982|work=New York Amsterdam News|access-date=September 16, 2018|pages=4|via=Fultonhistory.com}}</ref> CLICK was replaced by the nonprofit Brooklyn Navy Yard Development Corporation in 1981.<ref name="nyt19831229" /><!-- Only a hundred people worked at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, as compared to the more than 75,000 people who worked there during World War II.<ref name="nyt20151101" /><ref name="Gittleson 2015" /> -->

Coastal Dry Dock filed for bankruptcy in May 1986,<ref name="nyt19870318" /><ref name="NPS103" /> and closed the following year.<ref name="nyt19870318" /><ref name="NPS103" /> With the loss of Coastal Dry Dock, Brooklyn Navy Yard's revenue decreased by more than half.<ref name="NPS103" /> By 1987, the Brooklyn Navy Yard Development Corporation failed in all attempts to lease any of the six dry docks and buildings to any shipbuilding or ship-repair company. However, the Navy Yard did have 83 tenants and 2,600 employees, who generated a combined $2.7 million per year for the yard.<ref name="nyt19870318" /> Another ship-repair company, Brooklyn Ship Repair, had a tentative contract to lease space at the Navy Yard,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/22/nyregion/new-company-plans-to-use-brooklyn-navy-yard-for-ship-repairs.html|title=New Company Plans to Use Brooklyn Navy Yard for Ship Repairs|date=August 22, 1987|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=October 24, 2018}}</ref> but withdrew in 1988.<ref name="nyt19880130" /> On the other hand, after a city bailout of the yard in 1986, the Brooklyn Navy Yard Development Corporation started making its first-ever profit.<ref name="nyt19880130">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/30/nyregion/resurgence-of-brooklyn-navy-yard-is-dealt-blow-by-company-s-rebuff.html|title=Resurgence of Brooklyn Navy Yard Is Dealt Blow by Company's Rebuff|last=Morgan|first=Thomas|date=January 30, 1988|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 1, 2018}}</ref>

==== Incinerator plan ====
A garbage [[incinerator]] was proposed at Brooklyn Navy Yard as early as 1967. The city proposed that the incinerator double as a [[cogeneration]] plant, generating both heat and electricity from the burning of garbage, and supplying that heat and energy to utility company [[Consolidated Edison]].<ref>{{cite news|last=Gansberg|first=Martin|title=City Considering New Incinerator – Plant at Navy Yard Would Supply Salable Heat and Help Reduce Pollution – Con Ed to Buy Steam – Heller Puts Cost of 10-Year Project at $10-Million Power Source Seen|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=June 26, 1967|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1967/06/26/archives/city-considering-new-incinerator-plant-at-navy-yard-would-supply.html|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> The incinerator would not only reduce the amount of waste being placed in [[Fresh Kills Landfill]] on [[Staten Island]] and the [[Fountain Avenue Landfill]] in eastern Brooklyn, but would also generate electricity for the city.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/05/28/nyregion/world-s-biggest-dump-for-garbage-just-a-monumental-problem-on-s-i.html|title=World's Biggest Dump for Garbage Just a Monumental Problem on S.I.|last=Campbell|first=Colin|date=May 28, 1981|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 13, 2018}}</ref> In 1976, Mayor [[Abraham Beame]] proposed building a combined incinerator and power plant at Brooklyn Navy Yard.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1977/12/20/archives/90-million-garbagefueled-plant-proposed-for-brooklyn-navy-yard.html|title=$90 Million Garbage-Fueled Plant Proposed for Brooklyn Navy Yard|last=Kaiser|first=Charles|date=December 20, 1977|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 13, 2018}}</ref> A contract was awarded later that year, at which point it was estimated that the incinerator would cost $226 million to construct.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/12/nyregion/a-steam-plant-burning-refuse-due-in-brooklyn.html|title=A Steam Plant Burning Refuse Due in Brooklyn|last=Haberman|first=Clyde|date=December 12, 1981|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 13, 2018}}</ref> A "temporary" cogeneration plant, which generated steam for the Navy Yard's tenants, opened in late 1982 as a stopgap until a permanent incinerator was built.<ref name="nyt19831229">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/12/29/business/real-estate-brooklyn-navy-yard-program.html|title=Real Estate; Brooklyn Navy Yard Program|last=Daniels|first=Lee A.|date=December 29, 1982|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 13, 2018}}</ref>

The project garnered large community opposition from the [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Latino]] and [[Hasidic Judaism|Hasidic Jewish]] residents of nearby [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn|Williamsburg]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Baver|first1=S.L.|last2=Lynch|first2=B.D.|last3=Miller|first3=M.|last4=Pizzini|first4=M.V.|last5=Burac|first5=M.|last6=Garcia-Martinez|first6=N.|last7=Garcia-Ramos|first7=T.|last8=Rivera-Rivera|first8=A.|last9=Soto-Lopez|first9=R. | last10=Minnite | first10=L.|title=Beyond Sun and Sand: Caribbean Environmentalisms|publisher=Rutgers University Press|year=2006|isbn=978-0-8135-3752-8|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=WQfkFqhW0qwC&pg=PA136|access-date=September 17, 2018|page=136}}</ref> Mayor [[Ed Koch]] withdrew two contract offers in 1982 due to objections from comptroller Goldin, who stated that the health effects of the proposed plant would be detrimental to the community.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1982/10/29/nyregion/koch-yields-in-move-for-navy-yard-plant.html|title=Koch Yields in Move for Navy Yard Plant|last=Goodwin|first=Michael|date=October 29, 1982|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 13, 2018}}</ref> In December 1984, the [[New York City Board of Estimate]] narrowly approved the installation of the proposed incinerator in Brooklyn Navy Yard, one of five sites to be built in the city in the coming years.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/12/23/weekinreview/the-region-plan-to-build-incinerators-wins-by-a-vote.html|title=The Region – Plan to Build Incinerators Wins By a Vote|last=Finder|first=Alan|date=December 23, 1984|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 13, 2018}}</ref> However, the state refused to grant a permit for constructing the plant for several years, citing that the city had no [[recycling]] plan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/11/23/nyregion/permit-delayed-for-incinerator-in-the-navy-yard.html|title=Permit Delayed For Incinerator In the Navy Yard|last=Kolbert|first=Elizabeth|date=November 23, 1988|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 13, 2018}}</ref> The proposed incinerator was a key issue in the [[New York City mayoral election, 1989|1989 mayoral election]] because the Hasidic Jewish residents of Williamsburg who opposed the incinerator were also politically powerful.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/18/nyregion/anti-incinerator-stand-brings-a-blessing.html|title=Anti-Incinerator Stand Brings a Blessing|last=Bohlen|first=Celestine|date=October 18, 1989|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 13, 2018}}</ref> [[David Dinkins]], who ultimately won the 1989 mayoral election, campaigned on the stance that the Brooklyn Navy Yard incinerator plan should be put on hold.<ref>{{cite news|last=Dunlap|first=David W.|title=Incinerator Delay: Impact Is Debated|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=October 18, 1989|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/18/nyregion/incinerator-delay-impact-is-debated.html|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> The state denied a permit for the incinerator in 1989, stating that the city had no plan for reducing ash emissions from the plant.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/11/16/nyregion/albany-denies-permission-for-navy-yard-incinerator.html|title=Albany Denies Permission For Navy Yard Incinerator|last=Dunlap|first=David W.|date=November 16, 1989|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 13, 2018}}</ref>

Once elected, Dinkins took actions that indicated he would not oppose the construction of the incinerator.<ref>{{cite news|last=Gold|first=Allan R.|title=Dinkins Word On Garbage Is Questioned|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=January 22, 1991|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/22/nyregion/dinkins-word-on-garbage-is-questioned.html|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Sze Gottlieb 2006" /> In 1993, the state reversed its previous decision and granted a permit.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/09/12/nyregion/state-approves-the-brooklyn-navy-yard-incinerator.html|title=State Approves the Brooklyn Navy Yard Incinerator|last=Hevesi|first=Dennis|date=September 12, 1993|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 13, 2018}}</ref> By then, [[Rudy Giuliani]] had been elected as mayor, and he was opposed to the construction of the incinerator, instead preferring that the city institute a recycling plan.<ref name="Sze Gottlieb 2006" /> In 1995, his administration delayed the incinerator's construction by three years while the city procured a new solid-waste management plan.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/16/nyregion/plan-to-build-incinerator-faces-delay.html|title=Plan to Build Incinerator Faces Delay|last=Sullivan|first=John|date=June 16, 1995|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 13, 2018}}</ref> In November of that year, community members filed a lawsuit to block the incinerator's construction.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/12/nyregion/neighborhood-report-brooklyn-waterfront-lawsuit-seeks-block-garbage-incinerator.html|title=Neighborhood Report: Brooklyn Waterfront – Lawsuit Seeks to Block a Garbage Incinerator in the Navy Yard|last=Hevesi|first=Dennis|date=November 12, 1995|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 13, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Incinerator Foes Unite in Suit|last=Williams|first=Laura|work=NY Daily News|date=November 26, 1995|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/boroughs/incinerator-foes-unite-suit-article-1.698859|access-date=September 17, 2018}}</ref> Further investigation of the incinerator's proposed site found toxic chemicals were present in such high levels that the site qualified for [[Superfund]] environmental cleanup.<ref name="Sze Gottlieb 2006">{{cite book|last1=Sze|first1=J.|last2=Gottlieb|first2=R.|title=Noxious New York: The Racial Politics of Urban Health and Environmental Justice|publisher=MIT Press|series=Urban and Industrial Environments|year=2006|isbn=978-0-262-26479-2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bkny9bDObN8C&pg=PA77|access-date=September 17, 2018|pages=77, 80}}</ref> The next year, the city dropped plans for the construction of the incinerator altogether, instead focusing on expanding its recycling program and closing Fresh Kills Landfill.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/05/30/nyregion/despite-years-of-broken-promises-accord-vows-to-close-si-landfill.html|title=Despite Years of Broken Promises, Accord Vows to Close S.I. Landfill|last=Toy|first=Vivian S.|date=May 30, 1996|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 13, 2018}}</ref>

===Industrial redevelopment===
====1990s and 2000s====
[[File:Brooklyn Navy Yard 2.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|left|Warehouses next to dry dock]]

After the decline of shipbuilding at the Brooklyn Navy Yard, it became an area of private manufacturing and commercial activity,<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-07-28/local/29840513_1_300-acre-industrial-park-brooklyn-navy-yard-steiner-studios|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121029012404/http://articles.nydailynews.com/2011-07-28/local/29840513_1_300-acre-industrial-park-brooklyn-navy-yard-steiner-studios|url-status=dead|archive-date=October 29, 2012|title=The Navy Yard's 'can do' spirit returns to Brooklyn with new businesses|work=New York Daily News|date=July 28, 2011|access-date=December 28, 2011}}</ref> though a naval detachment remained at the Brooklyn Navy Yard until 1993.<ref name="Brick 2004">{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/10/16/nyregion/peeking-over-the-wall-at-the-end-of-brooklyn.html|title=Peeking Over the Wall at the End of Brooklyn|last=Brick|first=Michael|date=October 16, 2004|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=November 13, 2018}}</ref> By the early 1990s, there was a large increase in the number of small businesses at the yard due to its proximity to Manhattan, as well as a large availability of space at a relatively low cost. In 1990, twenty-two small businesses signed leases for {{Convert|88,000|ft2|m2}}, and by the next year, the habitable portions of the Brooklyn Navy Yard were 97% leased.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/07/03/business/real-estate-navy-yard-a-haven-for-small-users.html|title=Real Estate; Navy Yard A Haven for Small Users|last=Garbarine|first=Rachelle|date=July 3, 1991|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 1, 2018}}</ref> The Navy Yard had 180 tenants who hired a combined 3,500 employees by 1991. The redevelopment of the Brooklyn Navy Yard and the Brooklyn Army Terminal spurred ideas for revitalizing Brooklyn's waterfront.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/21/nyregion/development-not-even-a-contender-on-brooklyn-s-waterfront.html|title=Development Not Even a Contender on Brooklyn's Waterfront|last=Yarrow|first=Andrew L.|date=August 21, 1991|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 1, 2018}}</ref> Because of community opposition, a medical-waste treatment plant at the Navy Yard was not built.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/05/nyregion/company-drops-a-plan-to-build-brooklyn-plant.html|title=Company Drops A Plan to Build Brooklyn Plant|last=Yarrow|first=Andrew L.|date=October 5, 1991|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 1, 2018}}</ref>

In 1995, construction started on a new cogeneration plant, the first in the United States to be constructed through the specifications of the federal [[Clean Air Act (United States)|Clean Air Act]].<ref name="nydn19950202">{{cite news|title=It'll be a new 'generation' at Navy Yard|page=536|work=New York Daily News|via=Newspapers.com|date=February 2, 1995|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24989971/itll_be_a_new_generation_at_navy_yard/|access-date=October 31, 2018}}</ref> The new cogen facility, located at Building 41,<ref name="NPS94" /> was to replace the temporary facility as well as the existing oil boiler plants at the site.<ref name="nydn19950202" /> It was completed in 1996 and is operated by ConEdison.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.energyjustice.net/map/displayfacility-68490.htm|title=Energy Justice Communities Map|website=www.energyjustice.net|access-date=October 1, 2018}}</ref> Also in 1996, the Brooklyn Navy Yard Development Corporation received $739,000 to study possible uses for the Navy Yard. Community leaders supported the construction of housing on the yard, while they opposed the construction of the proposed trash incinerator.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1996/01/21/nyregion/neighborhood-report-development-community-consensus-for-navy-yard-yes-housing-no.html|title=Neighborhood Report: Development – Community Consensus for the Navy Yard: Yes on Housing, No on Trash|last=Sengupta|first=Somini|date=January 21, 1996|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 13, 2018}}</ref> The city started including the Navy Yard within its capital budget in 1997, taking over maintenance of the yard.<ref name="Brick 2004" />

In April 1999, actor [[Robert De Niro]] and [[Miramax|Miramax Films]] announced that they were studying the possibility of constructing a film studio at Brooklyn Navy Yard.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/29/nyregion/de-niro-and-miramax-plan-a-film-studio-at-the-brooklyn-navy-yard.html|title=De Niro and Miramax Plan a Film Studio at the Brooklyn Navy Yard|last=Bagli|first=Charles V.|date=April 29, 1999|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=October 24, 2018}}</ref> However, the deal with De Niro's group fell through later that year, in part due to a lack of commitment. The city selected a new developer, [[Douglas C. Steiner]], who signed a 70-year lease with the Brooklyn Navy Yard Development Corporation in October 1999.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/14/nyregion/de-niro-group-replaced-as-developers-in-brooklyn.html|title=De Niro Group Replaced as Developers in Brooklyn|last=Pristin|first=Terry|date=October 14, 1999|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=October 24, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/25352755/city_changes_cast_of_characters_for/|title=City changes cast of characters for studio at Brooklyn Navy Yard|date=October 14, 1999|work=The Journal News|access-date=November 13, 2018|location=White Plains, NY|page=3|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> The proposal was initially controversial among the Hasidic Jewish population of the surrounding area, whose leaders objected that the film industry was too immodest for the Hasidic Jewish principles.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/25353028/holy_hood_or_hollywood/|title=Holy 'hood or Hollywood?|last=McShane|first=Larry|date=January 13, 2001|work=The Post-Star|access-date=November 13, 2018|location=Glens Falls, NY|page=25|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> Ultimately, [[Steiner Studios]] was built at a cost of $118 million<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/07/21/nyregion/brooklyn-back-lot-finally-some-action-after-years-talk-movie-studio-being-built.html|title=On Brooklyn Back Lot, Finally, Some Action; After Years of Talk, a Movie Studio Is Being Built at the Navy Yard|last=Collins|first=Glenn|date=July 21, 2003|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=November 13, 2018}}</ref> and opened at the yard in 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.brooklyneagle.com/articles/steiner-studios-%E2%80%98hollywood-east%E2%80%99-expands-facilities|title=Steiner Studios, 'Hollywood East,' Expands Facilities|date=March 26, 2012|website=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|access-date=September 27, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/02/22/nyregion/silvercup-studios-sets-1-billion-complex.html|title=Silvercup Studios Sets $1 Billion Complex|last=Bagli|first=Charles V.|date=February 22, 2006|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 27, 2018}}</ref> In 2015, artist [[Bettina WitteVeen]] used space at the Navy Yard to mount the fourth installation in her series "When We Were Soldiers … once and young", after trying to get permission from the owners for five years; this was the first time an exhibit had been held at the Navy Yard.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Ilnytzky |first=Ula |date=2015-09-21 |title=Derelict hospital becomes metaphor in NY |url=https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-jackson-sun-derelict-hospital-become/144290586/ |access-date=2024-03-28 |work=Jackson (MS) Sun |via=newspapers.com}}</ref>

In early 2000, the New York City government launched a program called [[Digital NYC]] to convince technology companies to move to seven "technology districts" around the city, including Brooklyn Navy Yard. Initially, this effort was not successful, since no companies signed up to move to Brooklyn Navy Yard at first.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2000/12/10/nyregion/deals-lure-tech-companies-to-brooklyn-neighborhood.html|title=Deals Lure Tech Companies To Brooklyn Neighborhood|last=Blair|first=Jayson|date=December 10, 2000|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=November 13, 2018}}</ref> In 2004, New York City mayor [[Michael Bloomberg]] announced that the city would develop the western side of Brooklyn Navy Yard with {{Convert|560,000|ft2|m2}} of space for manufacturing, retail, and industrial uses. The development would cost $71 million, to be paid for by investors, while the city would also spend $60 million to upgrade infrastructure in the area.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2004/07/15/nyregion/city-has-5-year-expansion-plan-for-navy-yard-industrial-park.html|title=City Has 5-Year Expansion Plan For Navy Yard Industrial Park|last=Hu|first=Winnie|date=July 15, 2004|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=November 13, 2018}}</ref> At this time, there was a wall enclosing much of the Navy Yard, but this was going to be partially demolished as part of the upgrade. The former main gate at Sands Street, on the western side of the yard, was to be restored, and the [[New York City Police Department]] (NYPD)'s tow pound there would be relocated.<ref name="Brick 2004" />

The city broke ground on the expansion in 2006.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/25/nyregion/25mbrfs-002.html|title=Brooklyn: Navy Yard Expansion Begins|last=Cardwell|first=Diane|date=October 25, 2006|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=November 13, 2018}}</ref> During renovations, planners consulted some of the 32,000 blueprints in the Navy Yard's archive, some of which dated back two centuries.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/08/nyregion/thecity/08yard.html|title=A Shipyard's Rebirth, Guided by the Past|last=Kurutz|first=Steven|date=October 8, 2006|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=November 13, 2018}}</ref> By 2007, the Navy Yard had over 230 businesses in 40 buildings, with about 5,000 employees between them. At that point, the Bloomberg administration had already spent $30 million on renovations and was proposing to spend an additional $180 million, representing the Navy Yard's largest expansion since World War II. Although the Navy Yard had been 99% occupied for the previous five years, it faced a few setbacks, such as its long distance from the nearest subway stations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/08/29/business/29navy.html|title=Brooklyn Navy Yard, a Roomy Haven for Industry, Once Again Is Booming|last=Levere|first=Jane L.|date=August 29, 2007|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=November 13, 2018}}</ref> Further upgrades to the Brooklyn Navy Yard called for spending $250 million to add {{Convert|1.3|e6ft2|m2}} of retail and manufacturing space as well as 1,500 jobs by 2009.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/25354488/historic_brooklyn_navy_yard_gets/|title=Historic Brooklyn Navy Yard gets makeover|last=Pyle|first=Richard|date=May 18, 2008|work=The Post-Star|access-date=November 13, 2018|location=Glens Falls, NY|page=29|via=Newspapers.com}}</ref> As part of these upgrades, Admiral's Row was to be demolished and replaced with a supermarket and industrial tower, though a controversy developed over whether Admiral's Row should be preserved.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D00E0DA1F3DF931A1575BC0A96E9C8B63|title=At the Navy Yard, a Call to Preserve Admirals' Row|last=Chan|first=Sewell|date=August 22, 2018|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=November 13, 2018}}</ref> There were about 40 preservation projects proposed for the Navy Yard by 2010, and the yard had a full-time archivist.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/16/realestate/16row.html|title=The Struggle to Preserve the Brooklyn Navy Yard|last=Santora|first=Marc|date=May 16, 2010|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=November 13, 2018}}</ref>

==== 2010s ====
[[File:Regeneration- Brooklyn Navy Yard.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|alt=Dock 72, a structure at Brooklyn Navy Yard developed in 2018|Dock 72 (seen in 2018), located on the northeast corner of Brooklyn Navy Yard, would house [[WeWork]] offices when completed]]
In 2011, the Brooklyn Navy Yard Development Corporation began a large-scale program to develop the Navy Yard. As part of the corporation's long-range plan, it proposed to renovate the Green Manufacturing Center, Building 77, the Admiral's Row site, and the [[Brooklyn Naval Hospital]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.bizjournals.com/newyork/news/2015/06/08/brooklyns-navy-yard-unveils-development-plans-to.html|title=Brooklyn's Navy Yard unveils development plans to bring in 15,000 new jobs|last=Clark|first=Lauren|date=June 8, 2015|website=www.bizjournals.com|access-date=September 4, 2018}}</ref> That November, the Brooklyn Navy Yard Center at BLDG 92, a museum dedicated to the yard's history and future, opened on Flushing Avenue.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/07/nyregion/bldg-92-at-brooklyn-navy-yard-set-to-open.html|title=At Long Last, a Glimpse of a Shipbuilding Past|first=Matt|last=Flegenheimer|date=November 6, 2011|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=March 30, 2015}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/travel/2011/11/27/1-museum-shows-why-navy-yard-more-than-just-warships.html|title=Museum shows why Navy Yard more than just warships, Associated Press, November 26, 2011|access-date=December 28, 2011|archive-date=May 9, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120509132519/http://www.dispatch.com/content/stories/travel/2011/11/27/1-museum-shows-why-navy-yard-more-than-just-warships.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

By 2015, more than 330 businesses were located at the yard, collectively employing about 7,000 people.<ref name="nyt20151101" /> [[Brooklyn Grange]] Farms was operating a {{convert|65000|sqft|adj=on|m2}} commercial farm on top of Building 3.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://brooklyngrangefarm.com/navy-yard-farm/|title=Navy Yard Farm Rooftop Farms|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140202211736/http://brooklyngrangefarm.com/navy-yard-farm/|archive-date=February 2, 2014|url-status=dead|access-date=February 1, 2014}}</ref> Steiner Studios had become one of the United States' largest production studios outside of [[Hollywood, Los Angeles|Hollywood]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.news-journalonline.com/lifestyle/travel/2011/11/19/where-ships-happen-new-york-city-museum-celebrates-brooklyn-navy-yards-history.html|title=Where Ships Happen: New York City museum celebrates Brooklyn Navy Yard's history|date=November 19, 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122032851/http://www.news-journalonline.com/lifestyle/travel/2011/11/19/where-ships-happen-new-york-city-museum-celebrates-brooklyn-navy-yards-history.html|archive-date=January 22, 2012|url-status=dead|publisher=[[Associated Press]]|quote=Visitors learn, for example, that Steiner Studios – the largest film and television complex outside Hollywood – is the yard's largest tenant.}}</ref> Many artists had also leased space and established an association called Brooklyn Navy Yard Arts. Branding agency CO OP Brand Co had been hired to rebrand the area.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://coopbrand.co/work/brooklyn-navy-yard/|title=Brooklyn Navy Yard|website=Co Op Brand Co|access-date=January 25, 2018|archive-date=January 26, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180126070946/https://coopbrand.co/work/brooklyn-navy-yard/|url-status=dead}}</ref>

The redevelopment of Admiral's Row was approved in 2015; as part of the plan, most of Admiral's Row would be demolished and redeveloped.<ref name="nyt20150513">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/13/nyregion/wegmans-to-open-at-brooklyn-navy-yard.html|title=Wegmans to Open at Brooklyn Navy Yard|date=May 13, 2015|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 27, 2018}}</ref> The 250,000-square-foot Green Manufacturing Center, inside former building 128, was completed in 2016.<ref name="wsj20160929">{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-cathedral-to-manufacturing-is-reborn-1475109446|title=A 'Cathedral to Manufacturing' Is Reborn|last=Morris|first=Keiko|date=September 29, 2016|work=Wall Street Journal|issn=0099-9660|access-date=September 4, 2018}}</ref> Dock 72, a 675,000-square-foot office building, topped out in October 2017 and houses offices for [[WeWork]], a co-working space.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2017/10/6/16435684/wework-brooklyn-navy-yard-dock-72-construction|title=WeWork's Brooklyn Navy Yard home at Dock 72 has topped out|last=Warerkar|first=Tanay|date=October 6, 2017|website=Curbed NY|access-date=September 4, 2018}}</ref> A renovation of the {{Convert|1|e6ft2|m2}}, 18-story Building 77 was undertaken at a cost of $143 million,<ref name="nyt20151101" /> and the building was reopened in November 2017.<ref name="curbed20171109">{{cite web|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2017/11/9/16625400/brooklyn-navy-yard-building-77-russ-daughters|title=At the Brooklyn Navy Yard, a hulking World War II-era factory is now a 21st-century manufacturing hub|last=Rosenberg|first=Zoe|date=November 9, 2017|website=Curbed NY|access-date=September 4, 2018}}</ref>   Construction on 399 Sands Street, a manufacturing complex on the site of Admiral's Row, started in June 2018, and it is expected to open in 2021.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://newyorkyimby.com/2018/06/groundbreaking-ceremony-for-steiner-nycs-399-sands-street-brooklyn-navy-yard.html|title=Groundbreaking Ceremony for Steiner's 399 Sands Street, Brooklyn Navy Yard|date=June 14, 2018|website=New York YIMBY|access-date=September 27, 2018}}</ref> An adjacent [[Wegmans]] supermarket opened in 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/wegmaniacs-count-the-days-to-brooklyn-store-opening-11570978800|title=Wegmaniacs Count the Days to Brooklyn Store Opening|last=King|first=Kate|date=October 13, 2019|work=Wall Street Journal|issn=0099-9660|access-date=October 14, 2019}}</ref> along with part of 399 Sands' parking lot.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2018/6/14/17460902/brooklyn-navy-yard-399-sands-new-renderings|title=New looks at Brooklyn Navy Yard's latest manufacturing hub|last=Warerkar|first=Tanay|date=June 14, 2018|website=Curbed NY|access-date=September 27, 2018}}</ref> The Admiral's Row redevelopment would include {{Convert|360000|sqft|m2}} of light industrial and office space and {{Convert|165000|sqft|m2}} of retail space.<ref name="co20180131">{{cite web|url=https://commercialobserver.com/2018/01/doug-steiner-talks-about-his-big-navy-yard-plans-and-residential-projects/|title=Doug Steiner Talks About the Navy Yard and His Residential Projects|date=January 31, 2018|website=Commercial Observer|access-date=September 27, 2018}}</ref>

During the [[Democratic Party presidential primaries, 2016|2016 Democratic presidential primaries]], [[Hillary Clinton]] and [[Bernie Sanders]] held a debate at Brooklyn Navy Yard in building 268, the Duggal Greenhouse.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ny1.com/nyc/all-boroughs/decision-2016/2016/04/14/clinton--sanders-spar-over-gun-control--israel--qualifications-in-fiery-brooklyn-debate.html|title=Clinton, Sanders Tangle Over Gun Control, Israel, Qualifications in Fiery Brooklyn Debate|website=NY1|access-date=July 6, 2016}}</ref> Clinton later held her victory party at the Navy Yard once she received the party's nomination.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/clinton-celebrates-victory-declaring-weve-reached-a-milestone/2016/06/07/206e428c-2ce8-11e6-9b37-42985f6a265c_story.html|title=Clinton celebrates victory, declaring: 'We've reached a milestone'|last1=Gearan|first1=Anne|last2=Costa|first2=Robert|newspaper=The Washington Post|access-date=July 6, 2016|last3=Wagner|first3=John}}</ref>

In January 2018, the Brooklyn Navy Yard Development Corporation released an updated master plan with an estimated cost of $2.5 billion.<ref name="bl20180131">{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-31/brooklyn-navy-yard-to-unveil-2-5-billion-vision-for-tech-hub|title=The $2.5 Billion Plan to Turn Brooklyn's Navy Yard Into a Tech Hub|last=Levitt|first=David|date=January 31, 2018|website=Bloomberg|access-date=September 4, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Warerkar|first=Tanay|title=Brooklyn Navy Yard to double in size with $2.5B investment|website=Curbed NY|date=January 31, 2018|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2018/1/31/16956704/brooklyn-navy-yard-expansion|access-date=October 4, 2018}}</ref> An additional {{Convert|5.1|e6ft2|m2}} of space would be added at Brooklyn Navy Yard; most of this would be manufacturing space, but a small portion of the space in each new building would be dedicated to office uses.<ref>{{cite web|last=Hilburg|first=Jonathan|title=Brooklyn Navy Yard to double in size after $2.5 billion investment|website=Archpaper.com|date=January 1, 2018|url=https://archpaper.com/2018/02/brooklyn-navy-yard-expansion/|access-date=October 4, 2018}}</ref> This space, to be built as part of a new technology hub, would be able to accommodate 13,000 extra workers, and would roughly double the amount of manufacturing and office space within the Navy Yard.<ref name="bl20180131" /> In fall 2018, the Brooklyn Navy Yard Development Corporation and architectural firm WXY divulged further details about the master plan. The Brooklyn Navy Yard would include several vertical-manufacturing buildings, and various locations within the Navy Yard would be redeveloped to integrate it with the surrounding community. The development would be concentrated at three sites on Navy Street and Flushing and Kent Avenues.<ref>{{cite web|last=Budds|first=Diana|title=The Brooklyn Navy Yard is reinventing architecture—and itself|website=Curbed NY|date=September 27, 2018|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2018/9/27/17906392/brooklyn-navy-yard-master-plan-wxy-vertical-manufacrturing|access-date=October 4, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Baldwin|first=Eric|title=WXY Proposes Vertical Manufacturing Buildings in New Brooklyn Navy Yard Masterplan|website=ArchDaily|date=October 2, 2018|url=https://www.archdaily.com/903097/wxy-proposes-vertical-manufacturing-buildings-in-new-brooklyn-navy-yard-masterplan|access-date=October 4, 2018}}</ref> That December, the development corporation started soliciting applications to renovate the last undeveloped pier at the Brooklyn Navy Yard.<ref>{{cite web|title=Brooklyn Navy Yard seeks developer to rebuild final waterfront pier|website=Crain's New York Business|date=December 7, 2018|url=https://www.crainsnewyork.com/real-estate/navy-yard-seeks-developer-rebuild-final-waterfront-pier|access-date=December 12, 2018}}</ref>

== Description ==

The Brooklyn Navy Yard has five piers labeled C, D, G, J, and K from west to east, with ten [[Berth (moorings)|berths]] in total. The piers range from {{convert|350|to|890|ft|m}} long, contain a {{convert|10|ft|m|adj=on}} deck height, and have {{convert|25|to|40|ft|m}} of depth alongside.<ref name="NPS 2014 pp. 41-44" /> At its peak during World War II, the Brooklyn Navy Yard had nine piers and {{convert|16,495|ft|m}} of berthing space.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://navy-yard-production.s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com/cxzt7swyb4xTRpo5ADmq8NCp?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3D%22JVK4wNLhtJ2Gepr3Osce_A.pdf%22%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27JVK4wNLhtJ2Gepr3Osce_A.pdf&response-content-type=application%2Fpdf&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAIF2JW5HYGZMCCZ6Q%2F20181124%2Fus-east-2%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20181124T005950Z&X-Amz-Expires=300&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Signature=018e17586220625efe14c6b7db857a04a370604edfe59235c95d798cce9b6ba1|title=Guide to the Derek and Lillian Ostergard collection 1873 MC/59|publisher=Brooklyn Navy Yard Development Corporation Archives|date=January 5, 2018|access-date=November 23, 2018}}{{Dead link|date=June 2019 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes}}</ref> Adjacent to the piers is a homeport for the [[NYC Ferry]] system.<ref name="Marine Log">{{cite web|url=http://www.marinelog.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=25462:construction-underway-on-citywide-ferry-brooklyn-homeport|title=Construction underway on CityWide Ferry Brooklyn homeport|publisher=Marine Log|date=March 22, 2017|access-date=April 7, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Warerkar|first=Tanay|title=Construction on Citywide Ferry's Brooklyn Navy Yard home is underway|website=Curbed NY|date=March 8, 2017|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2017/3/8/14856674/citywide-ferry-brooklyn-navy-yard-construction|access-date=May 6, 2018}}</ref>

The Navy Yard also contains six dry docks, numbered 1, 4, 2, 3, 5, and 6 from west to east.<ref name="NPS 2014 pp. 41-44">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|pp=41–44}}</ref><ref name="bny-map">{{cite web|url=http://7p3nq48zas72j674m34vzol1-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/brooklyn-navy-yard-photos-abby-lichtman-situ-ferra-visitor-map.jpg|title=Brooklyn Navy Yard Map|publisher=Brooklyn Navy Yard Development Corporation|date=March 2016|access-date=October 30, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181030170016/http://7p3nq48zas72j674m34vzol1-wpengine.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/brooklyn-navy-yard-photos-abby-lichtman-situ-ferra-visitor-map.jpg|archive-date=October 30, 2018|url-status=live}}</ref>  The drydocks are now operated by GMD Shipyard Corp.<ref name="Kensinger 2018" /> Since at least the 1920s, a federal project maintains a channel depth of 35&nbsp;ft (10&nbsp;m) from [[Throggs Neck]] to the yard, about two miles (3&nbsp;km) from the western entrance, and thence 40&nbsp;ft (12&nbsp;m) to deep water in the Upper Bay.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yaVTAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA63|title=Report|author=United States Army Office of the Chief of Engineers|year=1922|page=63|access-date=October 30, 2018|issue=pt. 1}}</ref> As indicated in a 1917 report, the channel's depth was previously maintained at 40 feet from Throggs Neck to Upper New York Bay, with a channel width varying from {{Convert|550|to|1000|ft|m}} from Throggs Neck to Brooklyn Navy Yard, and thence 1,000 feet to deep water in the Upper Bay.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i4UqAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA3-PA62|title=Annual Report of the Department of Docks, City of New York|publisher=The Department|year=1917|page=3–PA62|access-date=October 30, 2018|issue=v. 46}}</ref>

Geographically, the Brooklyn Navy Yard is located at the western end of [[Long Island]]. It surrounds [[Wallabout Bay]], a former [[tidal marsh]] on the southeastern shore of the [[East River]], a tidal [[estuary]] that connects to [[Long Island Sound]] on the east and the New York Bay to the south. The bay, in turn, is located at a bend of the river just south of the [[Williamsburg Bridge]], where the river turns from a southward alignment to a westward alignment. The surrounding area is located near the northeast tip of the [[Atlantic coastal plain]], a flat, low-lying [[physiographic region]] that extends to the southern United States.<ref>{{harvnb|ps=.|Church|Rutsch|1982|p=5 (PDF p. 9)}}</ref> The area was formerly fed by Wallabout Creek, which flowed downhill from the hilly [[terminal moraine]] in the center of Long Island and drained into a low, small area before reaching Wallabout Bay. This resulted in the mud flats that formerly were prevalent in Brooklyn Navy Yard, though the shipyard site straddles the geographical boundary between mud flats and tidal marshland.<ref>{{harvnb|ps=.|Church|Rutsch|1982|pp=7, 9 (PDF pp. 11, 13)}}</ref>

The Brooklyn Navy Yard's streets are not shown on any official city maps, as all of its roads are privately maintained. The address for the entire Navy Yard is given as 63 Flushing Avenue.<ref name="AMNY-Secrets" /> The Brooklyn Navy Yard can be accessed via gates at Sands/Navy Streets, Cumberland Street/Flushing Avenue, Clinton/Flushing Avenues, and Kent Avenue/Clymer Street.<ref name="bny-map" /> A brick wall used to encircle the Navy Yard, separating it from the [[Farragut Houses]] and [[Vinegar Hill, Brooklyn|Vinegar Hill]] to the west; [[Fort Greene, Brooklyn|Fort Greene]] to the south; and [[Williamsburg, Brooklyn|Williamsburg]] to the east.<ref name="Brick 2004" />

===Transportation===
Transportation to Brooklyn Navy Yard is provided by [[MTA Regional Bus Operations|the MTA's]] {{NYC bus link|B67}} bus, which makes stops inside the yard. The {{NYC bus link|B57|B62|B69|prose=y}} buses stop along the yard's perimeter.<ref name="bklnbus">{{cite NYC bus map|B}}</ref> The nearest [[New York City Subway]] station is at [[York Street (IND Sixth Avenue Line)|York Street]], served by the {{NYCS trains|Sixth Rutgers}}.<ref name="bklnbus" /><ref>{{cite NYC map|Downtown Brooklyn}}</ref> A [[Self-driving car|self-driving]] shuttle van service operating exclusively within the area starting in 2019 but later ceased operations.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2019/3/20/18272941/optimus-ride-nyc-av-shuttle-brooklyn-navy-yards|title=New York City is finally getting its own self-driving shuttle service|last=Hawkins|first=Andrew J.|date=March 20, 2019|website=The Verge|access-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.crainsnewyork.com/transportation/self-driving-fleet-coming-brooklyn-navy-yard|title=Self-driving fleet coming to Brooklyn Navy Yard|date=March 20, 2019|last=Beltran|first=Lizeth|website=Crain's New York Business|access-date=March 1, 2019}}</ref>

A NYC Ferry stop was initially planned to open in Brooklyn Navy Yard in 2018.<ref>{{cite web|title=Making a splash: NYC Ferry launches first jumbo boat in East River|website=Brooklyn Paper|date=July 27, 2018|last=Cuba|first=Julianne|url=https://www.brooklynpaper.com/stories/41/30/all-big-ferry-boat-at-navy-yard-2018-07-27-bk.html|access-date=November 24, 2018}}</ref> A stop along NYC Ferry's Astoria route at Dock 72 was included in a NYC Ferry expansion announced in January 2019,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.amny.com/transit/nyc-ferry-routes-1.25782023|title=NYC Ferry is adding 2 new routes|date=January 10, 2019|last=Barone|first=Vincent|website=am New York|access-date=January 11, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2019/1/10/18177078/nyc-ferry-transportation-staten-island-coney-island|title=NYC Ferry will launch service to Staten Island, Coney Island|last=Plitt|first=Amy|date=January 10, 2019|website=Curbed NY|access-date=January 11, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ferry.nyc/nycferry-2020-2021-service-route-expansion/|title=2020–2021 Expansion|website=New York City Ferry Service|access-date=January 11, 2019|archive-date=January 11, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190111232547/https://www.ferry.nyc/nycferry-2020-2021-service-route-expansion/|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the NYC Ferry stop ultimately opened as scheduled on May 20, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|last=Plitt|first=Amy|title=NYC Ferry's Brooklyn Navy Yard stop debuts today|website=Curbed NY|date=May 20, 2019|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2019/5/20/18632358/nyc-ferry-brooklyn-navy-yard-new-stop|access-date=May 20, 2019}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=NYC Ferry adds Brooklyn Navy Yard stop to route|website=News 12 Brooklyn|date=May 20, 2019|url=http://brooklyn.news12.com/story/40501333/nyc-ferry-adds-brooklyn-navy-yard-stop-to-route|access-date=May 20, 2019}}</ref> The Brooklyn Navy Yard also houses NYC Ferry's homeport, where the system's fleet is maintained.<ref name="Marine Log" />

====Shuttle bus service====
Since 2016, the Brooklyn Navy Yard Development Corporation has operated two complimentary [[shuttle bus]] services for Navy Yard tenants and their guests. One route runs to the York Street station and the [[High Street (IND Eighth Avenue Line)|High Street]] station on the {{NYCS trains|Eighth Cranberry}}. The other route to the [[Atlantic Avenue–Barclays Center (New York City Subway)|Atlantic Avenue–Barclays Center]] station on the {{NYCS trains|Atlantic-Barclays header}}; [[Atlantic Terminal]] on the [[Long Island Rail Road]]; and the [[Clinton–Washington Avenues (IND Crosstown Line)|Clinton–Washington Avenues]] station on the {{NYCS trains|Crosstown}}.<ref>{{cite web|last=Warerkar|first=Tanay|title=Brooklyn Navy Yard Will Get Free Shuttle To 13 Subway Lines|website=Curbed NY|date=February 24, 2016|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2016/2/24/11109326/brooklyn-navy-yards-shuttle|access-date=November 24, 2018}}</ref> The services utilize 30-foot [[Grande West Transportation|Grande West]] [[Grande West Vicinity|Vicinity]] and [[Freightliner Bus|Freightliner]] cutaways.

== Notable structures ==
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| text = Map of notable buildings and structures at Brooklyn Navy Yard: (1) [[Brooklyn Naval Hospital]]; (2) [[Steiner Studios]]; (3) Building 77; (4) supply storehouse/Building 3; (5) Navy Yard Museum/Building 92; (6) [[Admiral's Row]] redevelopment; (7) [[Quarters A, Brooklyn Navy Yard|Commandant's House]]
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===Brooklyn Naval Hospital===
{{main|Brooklyn Naval Hospital}}
The [[Brooklyn Naval Hospital]] was established in 1825 on a site that was not initially contiguous with the main Navy Yard.<ref name="AMNY-Secrets" /> A main building was completed in 1838, and was subsequently expanded with several wings, including two permanent wings built in 1840 that still exist.<ref name="NPS66">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=66}}</ref><ref name="Naval Medical Bulletin 1908 p. 103" /><ref name="Cite landmarks p. 93">{{harvnb|ps=.|Diamonstein-Spielvogel|2011|page=93}}</ref> A two-story Surgeon's House was built in 1863.<ref name="NPS67">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=67}}</ref><ref name="Cite landmarks p. 93" /> More structures were added in the early 20th century, including a medical supply depot, a lumber shed, and quarters buildings.<ref name="NPS67" /> The hospital also operated a cemetery from 1831 to 1910, when the cemetery reached its burial capacity.<ref>{{cite news|title=No Mourners for These Sailors Dead – Four of Those Lost from the New Hampshire Buried, However, with Naval Honors.|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=October 16, 1910|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1910/10/16/archives/no-mourners-for-these-sailor-dead-four-of-those-lost-from-the-new.html|access-date=September 20, 2018}}</ref> In 1948, the hospital was decommissioned and most of its functions were relocated to other facilities.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1948/07/01/archives/naval-hospital-closed-110yearold-institution-in-brooklyn.html|title=Naval Hospital Closed – 110-Year-Old Institution in Brooklyn Disestablished|date=June 1, 1948|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 20, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Heffernan Ready to Renew Fight for New Navy Hospital|page=11|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|via=Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com|date=June 27, 1948|url=http://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/55321993/|access-date=September 20, 2018}}</ref><ref name="NPS69">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=69}}</ref>

In 2012, [[Steiner Studios]] proposed to build a media campus at the former hospital site as an annex to its existing campus at the Navy Yard.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/08/17/nyregion/brooklyn-navy-yard-is-site-of-proposed-media-campus.html|title=Brooklyn Navy Yard Is Site of Proposed Media Campus|last=Satow|first=Julie|date=August 17, 2012|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 19, 2018}}</ref><ref name="nyt20130614" /> A park on the hospital cemetery's site, the Naval Cemetery Landscape, was opened in May 2016.<ref name="nyt20160712">{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/12/nyregion/prairie-heals-a-verdant-wound-at-a-former-brooklyn-cemetery.html|title=Prairie Heals an Old Wound at a Former Brooklyn Cemetery|date=July 12, 2016|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 20, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.brooklyngreenway.org/naval-cemetery-landscape/|title=Naval Cemetery Landscape|date=March 16, 2016|work=Brooklyn Greenway Initiative|access-date=September 20, 2018|language=en-US}}</ref> At the time, Steiner Studios was planning to restore the hospital buildings starting in 2017, and restoration was expected to take nearly a decade.<ref name="nyt20160712" />

==={{anchor|Brooklyn Navy Yard Center|Building 92}}Brooklyn Navy Yard Center (Building 92)===
The original Building 92, built in 1857 and designed by [[Thomas Ustick Walter]], is the former U.S. Marine Commandant's quarters.<ref name="NPS72" />  The house has a floor area of {{convert|9500|ft2|m2|adj=on}}<ref name="architect20120911" /> and is three stories high with a brick facade, a [[hip roof]], and three window bays on each side.<ref name="NPS32-33">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|pp=32–33}}</ref>  Building 92 is the only remnant of the {{convert|3.5|acre|ha|adj=on}} U.S. Marine Barrack Grounds along Flushing Avenue. The grounds was built on land acquired in 1848 and included marine officers' quarters, a barracks (former Building 91), a gate house, and a central [[parade ground]].<ref name="NPS72" /> All of these buildings were constructed in the [[Greek Revival style]]. Building 92 used to have a nearly identical counterpart, Building 93, which was demolished in 1941 to make way for a warehouse.<ref name="NPS73">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=73}}</ref>

[[File:Brooklyn Navy Yard October 23, 2018 (44797855804).jpg|thumb|upright=1.3|Building 92 museum. The original 1857 structure is the red brick building located at right, and the 2011 annex is the metal annex located behind it and at left.]]

The former U.S. Marine Commandant's residence is now part of a museum dedicated to the shipyard, the Brooklyn Navy Yard Center at Building 92.<ref name="bde20170523" /> Building 92 was renovated and expanded by [[Beyer Blinder Belle]] in 2011<ref>{{cite web|title=Brooklyn Navy Yard / workshop apd + Beyer Blinder Belle|website=ArchDaily|date=April 4, 2013|url=http://www.archdaily.com/354976/brooklyn-navy-yard-workshop-apd-beyer-blinder-belle/|access-date=September 1, 2018}}</ref> at a cost of $25 million.<ref name="nyt20111107" /> The Brooklyn Navy Yard Center opened in November 2011 as a program of the Brooklyn Navy Yard Development Corporation.<ref name="nyt20111107">{{cite news|last=Flegenheimer|first=Matt|title=Brooklyn Navy Yard Center at Building 92 to Open Thursday|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=November 7, 2011|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/07/nyregion/bldg-92-at-brooklyn-navy-yard-set-to-open.html|access-date=September 1, 2018}}</ref><ref name="bde20120627">{{cite web|title=Navy Yard under full sail at commandant's museum|first=John B.|last=Manbeck|date=June 27, 2012|website=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|url=http://www.brooklyneagle.com/articles/navy-yard-under-full-sail-commandant%E2%80%99s-museum|access-date=September 1, 2018}}</ref> The center offers exhibits, public tours, educational programs, archival resources, and workforce development services.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://bldg92.org/about/|title=About Us|publisher=Brooklyn Navy Yard Center at BLDG 92|access-date=March 30, 2015|archive-date=April 2, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402110748/http://bldg92.org/about/|url-status=dead}}</ref> The museum's main exhibit focuses on the history of the Brooklyn Navy Yard and its impact on American industry, technology, innovation, and manufacturing, as well as on national and New York City's labor, politics, education, and urban and environmental planning. The building also hosts displays and videos about the new businesses in the facility.<ref name="nyt20111107" /><ref name="bde20120627" /> Plans for a museum dedicated to the Brooklyn Navy Yard date to 1975, though the museum was originally proposed to be located in a different building.<ref>{{cite web|last=Gordon|first=David|title=Navy Yard May Get Museum|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=March 23, 1975|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/03/23/archives/navy-yard-may-get-museum.html|access-date=October 23, 2018}}</ref>

The center contains a {{convert|24500|ft2|m2|adj=on}} annex with a laser-cut metal facade.<ref name="NPS32-33" /> The annex is connected to the original house via a 3-story lobby.<ref name="architect20120911">{{cite web|url=https://www.architectmagazine.com/design/buildings/brooklyn-navy-yard-center-building-92_o|date=September 11, 2012|title=Brooklyn Navy Yard Center: Building 92|first=John|last=Gendall|work=Architect Magazine| access-date=October 1, 2018}}</ref> The lobby includes a {{convert|22,500|lb|kg|adj=on}} steel anchor from the amphibious assault ship ''Austin'' (1964).<ref name="nyt20111107" />

=== Dry docks ===
The Brooklyn Navy Yard consists of six [[dry dock]]s located along the Brooklyn Navy Yard's northern edge, along the East River. Dry Dock 1 was the first one to be completed.<ref name="Kensinger 2018" /><ref name="NPS72" /> This was followed by Dry Dock 2 in 1887, Dry Dock 3 in 1897,<ref name="NPS79" /> Dry Dock 4 in 1913,<ref name="NPS83" /> and Dry Docks 5 and 6 in 1941.<ref name="NPS92" /> Dry Docks 1, 5, and 6 are the only dry docks that remain in service.<ref name="Kensinger 2018" />

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!  style="text-align: left;" | Dock No.
! Material of which dock is constructed !! Length !! Width !! Depth !! Date Completed !! Source
|-
! style="text-align: center;" | 1
| Granite
| {{convert|318|ft|1|in|m}}
| {{convert|98|ft|1|in|m}}
| {{convert|25|ft|6|in|m}}
! center | 1851
|rowspan=6|<ref name="Gardiner Fassett, Frederick p. 179">Gardiner Fassett, Frederick, ''The Shipbuilding Business in the United States of America'', p. 179</ref>
|-
! style="text-align: center;" | 2
| Concrete
| {{convert|459|ft|1|in|m}}
| {{convert|112|ft|m}}
| {{convert|24|ft|1|in|m}}
! center | 1901
|-
! style="text-align: center;" | 3
| Wood and Concrete
| {{convert|612|ft|11|in|m}}
| {{convert|150|ft|10|in|m}}
| {{convert|29|ft|8|in|m}}
! center | 1897
|-
! style="text-align: center;" | 4
| Concrete & brick, granite skills & coping
| {{convert|723|ft|3|in|m}}
| {{convert|139|ft|6|in|m}}
| {{convert|35|ft|5|in|m}}
! center | 1913
|-
! style="text-align: center;" | 5
| Reinforced concrete
| {{convert|1092|ft|m}}
| {{convert|150|ft|m}}
| {{convert|41|ft|m}}
! center | 1943
|-
! style="text-align: center;" | 6
| Reinforced concrete
| {{convert|1092|ft|m}}
| {{convert|150|ft|m}}
| {{convert|41|ft|m}}
! center | 1943
|}

==== Dry Dock 1 ====
{{multiple image
|align=right
|direction=vertical
|width=250
|image1=Bnydrydockjeh.JPG
|caption1=Dry Dock 4 in "flooded" state
|image2=Dry dock-navy-yard-bklyn.jpg
|caption2=Dry Dock 1 in "dry" state
}}
Dry Dock 1 is located at Wallabout Bay, on the northeast side of Brooklyn Navy Yard.<ref name="nyt20130614" /><ref name="bde20170523">{{cite web|title=Tour of Navy Yard, old & new, ties together three 19th-century Brooklyn icons|website=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|date=May 23, 2017|url=http://www.brooklyneagle.com/articles/2017/5/23/tour-navy-yard-old-new-ties-together-three-19th-century-brooklyn-icons|access-date=September 27, 2018}}</ref> Completed in 1851,<ref name="Kensinger 2018" /><ref name="NPS72" /> it is the third-oldest [[dry dock]] in the United States, behind the dry docks at the Boston and Norfolk Navy Yards.<ref>{{cite web|last=Carlson|first=Jen|title=Looking Into Brooklyn Navy Yard's Dry Dock 1|website=Gothamist|date=April 21, 2009|url=http://gothamist.com/2009/04/21/brooklyn_navy_yard_dry_dock.php|access-date=September 27, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180225000413/http://gothamist.com/2009/04/21/brooklyn_navy_yard_dry_dock.php | archive-date=February 25, 2018 | url-status=dead}}</ref>  Dry Dock 1 is the smallest of the Navy Yard's dry docks.<ref name="NPS72" /> The first permanent dry dock in New York City, it cost $2 million ({{inflation|index=US|start_year=1841|value=2,000,000|fmt=eq|r=-3}}) to construct.<ref name="NPS71" /> Over the years, Dry Dock 1 has serviced boats such as {{USS|Monitor||2}}, which fought in the [[Battle of Hampton Roads]] during the Civil War, and {{USS|Niagara|1855|2}}, which laid the first [[transatlantic telegraph cable|transatlantic cable]].<ref name="NPS72" /><ref name="LPC 1975 p. 4" />

Dry Dock 1's masonry superstructure uses {{convert|23,000|yd3|m3}} of [[granite]] from Maine and Connecticut, as well as supplementary material from New York.<ref name="NPS72" /><ref name="LPC 1975 p. 3" /> The stone floor of the dry dock is {{convert|30|ft|m}} wide, and the floor curves in an inverted arch shape toward the edges of the sides and the landward (southwest) end. The center of the floor is mostly flat, with a {{convert|1|ft|m|adj=on}} groove. Steps lead down the sides of the dry dock.<ref name="LPC 1975 p. 3" /> At the seaward end of the dock is a gate that floats open without the use of hinges.<ref name="LPC 1975 p. 4">{{harvnb|ps=.|Landmarks Preservation Commission|1975|p=4}}</ref> A ''Harper's Magazine'' article from 1871 stated that Dry Dock 1 had a capacity of {{convert|610,000|gal|L}} and could be emptied within two hours and ten minutes. The dry dock was {{convert|66|ft|m}} wide and {{convert|36|ft|m}} deep, and when the dock was filled at high tide, the depth of the water was {{convert|26|ft|m}}.<ref>{{harvnb|ps=.|Harper's Magazine|1871|p=6}}</ref> The ''Brooklyn Daily Eagle'' in 1918 described the main chamber of the dry dock as being {{convert|286|ft|m}} long by {{convert|35|ft|m}} wide on the bottom, and the top part as being {{convert|370|ft|m}} long by {{convert|98|ft|m}} wide. The pumping engine built for this drydock was the largest in the U.S. at one time.<ref name="bde19181215" />

Surveying for the dry dock began in 1826, though funding was not provided until 1836.<ref name="NPS71" /> Construction on the dry dock started in 1841, but was halted a year later because of a lack of funding.<ref name="LPC 1975 p. 1" /><ref name="bde19181215" /> During this time, there were debates over whether to abandon work on this dry dock and construct another in Manhattan, where the new [[Croton Aqueduct]] had just opened.<ref name="LPC 1975 p. 1" /> When construction resumed in 1844, the project was led by two civil engineers in quick succession until [[William J. McAlpine]] was appointed to the position in 1846. At the time, the project was beset by several problems, including the presence of [[quicksand]] and underground [[spring (hydrology)|springs]], as well as a faulty [[cofferdam]] design that twice flooded the excavation site with water from Wallabout Bay.<ref name="NPS71" /><ref name="LPC 1975 p. 2">{{harvnb|ps=.|Landmarks Preservation Commission|1975|p=2}}</ref> The cofferdam was fixed by installing [[deep foundation]]s made of gravel at the outermost cofferdam.<ref name="LPC 1975 p. 2" /><ref name="NPS72">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=72}}</ref> The springs were covered with a mixture of piles, [[Plank (wood)|planks]] and dry [[cement]] under a layer of [[brick]] and [[Mortar (masonry)|Roman mortar]].<ref name="NPS72" /><ref name="LPC 1975 p. 3">{{harvnb|ps=.|Landmarks Preservation Commission|1975|p=3}}</ref> The quicksand was {{convert|75|ft|m}} deep, so workers sunk more than 6,500 wooden piles into the bay (the first use of a steam [[pile driver]] in the United States' history), and filled the spaces around the piles with concrete.<ref name="NPS72" /><ref name="LPC 1975 p. 3" /><ref name="bde19181215" /> In 1847 after the wooden piles were completed, the stonecutter [[Thorton MacNess Niven]] oversaw the installation of the dry dock's masonry superstructure.<ref name="NPS72" /><ref name="LPC 1975 p. 3" />

McAlpine was fired for unknown reasons in 1849, and Charles B. Stuart took over for the rest of the project.<ref name="NPS72" /><ref name="LPC 1975 p. 3" /> Dry Dock 1 serviced its first ship, ''Dale'', in 1850.<ref name="NPS72" /> The dry dock was completed the following year.<ref name="Kensinger 2018" /> Because of its design, Dry Dock 1 never required any extensive maintenance,<ref name="NPS72" /> though part of the masonry at the front of the dry dock was refurbished in 1887–1888.<ref name="nydt18981121" /><ref name="bde18990804" /> Dry Dock 1 was labeled a [[List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Brooklyn|NYC Landmark]] in 1975.<ref name="LPC 1975 p. 1" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Fried|first=Joseph P.|title=Boys High School And Historic Dock Made Landmarks|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=October 5, 1975|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/10/05/archives/boys-high-school-and-historic-dock-made-landmarks-boys-high-and-a.html|access-date=September 27, 2018}}</ref>

=== Timber shed ===
The Brooklyn Navy Yard's timber shed (Building 16), constructed between 1833 and 1853, is one of the Brooklyn Navy Yard's oldest buildings, behind the 1806 commandant's house and the 1838 Naval Hospital building.<ref name="NPS70" /> It is a brick building with a [[gable roof]] located on the west side of the Brooklyn Navy Yard, adjoining Navy Street.<ref>{{harvnb|ps=.|Environmental Review|2011|pp=11–12}}</ref> The timber shed had a twin, Building 15, which was located directly to the north and is now demolished. Building 16 originally measured {{convert|60|by|300|ft|m}} while Building 15 measured {{convert|60|by|400|ft|m}}. Both buildings were used to store wood for shipbuilding after it had been [[Curing (chemistry)|cured]] in the nearby mill pond.<ref name="NPS70">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=70}}</ref> Documents from 1837 suggest that the United States Navy allocated almost $90,000 ({{inflation|index=US|start_year=1837|value=90,000|fmt=eq|r=-3}}) on the construction of up to four brick timber sheds at Brooklyn Navy Yard.<ref>{{cite book|last=Homans|first=B.|title=Army and Navy Chronicle|publisher=T. Barnard|issue=v. 4–5|year=1837|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-LCgAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA21|access-date=September 27, 2018|page=21}}</ref>

After the Civil War, the timber sheds were used for timber storage, though the number of wooden ships built at the Navy Yard steadily decreased. During the late 19th century, [[Admiral's Row]], a grouping of residences that formerly housed Navy Yard officers, was built around the timber sheds. As part of a [[Works Progress Administration]] renovation, part of Building 15 was demolished in 1937.<ref name="NPS70" /> In the 1940s, Building 16 was used as a police station as well as a lumber storage building, and in the 1950s and 1960s, it was also used as a garage. A 1963 renovation to Building 16 demolished part of the building, and the remainder was converted into a private [[ice rink]] for police officers.<ref name="NPS71">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=71}}</ref> The rest of Building 15 was demolished probably after 1979, and Building 16 was abandoned around this time.<ref name="NPS70" />

By 2010, Building 16 had been proposed for redevelopment, although it had badly deteriorated.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://therealdeal.com/2010/12/23/historic-brooklyn-navy-yard-timber-shed-building-on-admiral-s-row-in-danger-of-collapse-that-could-thwart-redevelopment-project/|title=Historic Brooklyn Navy Yard building in imminent danger of collapse|date=December 23, 2010|website=The Real Deal New York|access-date=September 27, 2018}}</ref> In early 2011, engineers for the National Guard Bureau recommended demolishing the structure, since refurbishing it would cost $40 million.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://ny.curbed.com/2011/2/4/10483848/historic-timber-shed-headed-for-a-not-so-watery-grave|title=Historic Timber Shed Headed for a Not-So-Watery Grave?|last=Polsky|first=Sara|date=February 4, 2011|website=Curbed NY|access-date=September 27, 2018}}</ref> The refurbishment of the timber shed was underway by 2018.<ref>{{cite web|last=De Vries|first=Susan|title=Wegmans Inches Closer to Reality With Construction Under Way at Admiral's Row|website=Brownstoner|date=August 7, 2018|url=https://www.brownstoner.com/development/admirals-row-brooklyn-wegmans-brooklyn-navy-yard-development-steiner-nyc/|access-date=September 27, 2018}}</ref> [[Douglas C. Steiner]], who was redeveloping the Admiral's Row site, stated in January 2018 that Building 16 would likely be developed for food-related uses, such as for a restaurant.<ref name="co20180131" />

=== Sands Street gate ===
[[File:Brooklyn Navy Yard October 23, 2018 (45472789012).jpg|thumb|left|upright=1.2|Sands Street gate]]
The gate at Sands Street, on the Brooklyn Navy Yard's western border, was the main entrance to the yard in the early 20th century. It consists of a one-story medieval-style gatehouse shaped like a castle, with [[plinths]], [[Turret (architecture)|turret]]s, and posts with eagles on the tops.<ref name="NPS80" /><ref name="nyt20121101">{{cite web|last=Gray|first=Christopher|title=Streetscapes: Brooklyn Navy Yard Gatehouses Shed Barnacles|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=November 1, 2012|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/25/realestate/streetscapes-brooklyn-navy-yard-gatehouses-shed-barnacles.html|access-date=October 1, 2018}}</ref> This entrance is located at the intersection of Sands Street and Navy Street, close to Admiral's Row, and was surrounded by the two timber sheds there. A wooden footbridge above the gate, built after World War II, formerly connected the two sheds.<ref name="NPS80" /> The gatehouse has undergone modifications throughout the years, including the addition of second and third floors (since removed), and the removal of the turrets.<ref name="nyt20121101" /> At one point, the Sands Street gate featured a failed hand-cranked submarine design called the ''[[Intelligent Whale]]'', as well as Trophy Park, which contained a memorial shaft to twelve American sailors killed during the [[Battle of Canton (1856)|Battle of Canton]] in 1856.<ref name="FWP" />

The Sands Street gate replaced another gate on nearby York Street,<ref name="nyt18960712" /> and it cost $20,000<ref name="nyt20121101" /> or $24,000 to build.<ref name="NPS80" /> As originally proposed in 1893, the gatehouse was supposed to be a 4-story structure containing a [[peaked roof]], [[crenelation]]s, and an ornate facade.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252018%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Press%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Press%25201893%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Press%25201893%2520-%25201627.pdf|title=Navy Yard's New Gate|work=The Press|date=May 28, 1893|access-date=October 9, 2018|page=6|via=Fultonhistory.com}}</ref><ref name="nyh18930528">{{cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252014%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Herald%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Herald%25201893%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Herald%25201893%2520-%25201249.pdf|title=New Navy Yard Entrance|work=New York Herald|date=May 28, 1893|access-date=October 9, 2018|page=17|via=Fultonhistory.com}}</ref> However, the gatehouse was downsized to its current design because the other proposal was too expensive.<ref name="nyt20121101" /> Fearing a loss of business, saloon keepers on York Street protested against the Sands Street gate's construction,<ref name="nyh18930528" /> to no avail.<ref name="nyt20121101" />

The gate started construction in 1895,<ref>{{cite web|title=Improvements for the Navy Yard.|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=September 1, 2018|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1895/04/23/archives/improvements-for-the-navy-yard.html|access-date=October 1, 2018}}</ref> and it opened a year later.<ref name="nyt18960712">{{cite web|title=Naval Life's Bright Side; Some Memorable Pleasure Cruises of the Past|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=July 12, 1896|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1896/07/12/archives/naval-lifes-bright-side-some-memorable-pleasure-cruises-of-the-past.html|access-date=October 1, 2018}}</ref><ref name="BuffaloExp-BNY-1898">{{cite news|title=In the Brooklyn Navy-yard.|work=Buffalo Morning Express and Illustrated Buffalo Express|page=1|via=Newspapers.com|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24391669/in_the_brooklyn_navyyard/|access-date=October 1, 2018}}</ref> The new Sands Street gate was not only closer to the trolley lines on Flushing Avenue, but also avoided a dirty and "malodorous" vicinity around the York Street gate.<ref name="nyt18960712" /><ref name="NPS80" /> A year after the gate's opening, the ''Brooklyn Daily Eagle'' noted that the vicinity of the Sands Street gate was "much appreciated by the young women of Brooklyn who are enthusiastic Navy Yard visitors."<ref>{{cite news|title=Brooklyn Society|date=November 28, 1897|page=10|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|via=Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com|url=http://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/50341488/|access-date=October 1, 2018}}</ref> Saloons soon opened up around this gate,<ref name="nyt20121101" /> and by 1924, sailors were banned from using the entrance.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspapers%252021%2FAttica%2520NY%2520News%2FAttica%2520NY%2520News%25201922-1924%2FAttica%2520NY%2520News%25201922-1924%2520-%25200573.pdf|title=News Briefly Told|work=Attica News|date=June 28, 1924|access-date=October 9, 2018|via=Fultonhistory.com}}</ref> Starting with the [[Spanish–American War]] and continuing through both major world wars, potential Navy applicants lined up outside the Sands Street gate to enlist in the Navy.<ref name="nyt20121101" /><ref name="NPS80" /> Sometime after the Navy Yard was decommissioned, the Sands Street gate became the entrance to the NYPD's Brooklyn tow pound, and by 2004, there were plans to refurbish the gate.<ref name="Brick 2004" /> The gatehouse was restored to its original condition in 2012,<ref name="nyt20121101" /> and it has housed the [[Kings County Distillery]]'s tasting room since 2015.<ref>{{cite web|last=Upadhye|first=Janet|title=Brooklyn Distillery's New Garden Offers Chance to Drink Inside Navy Yard|website=DNAinfo New York|date=May 18, 2015|url=https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20150518/navy-yard/brooklyn-distillerys-new-garden-offers-chance-drink-inside-navy-yard|access-date=November 22, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122171935/https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20150518/navy-yard/brooklyn-distillerys-new-garden-offers-chance-drink-inside-navy-yard/ | archive-date=November 22, 2018 | url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Supply storehouse ===
{{multiple image
|align=right
|direction=vertical
|width=250
|image1=Brooklyn Navy Yard October 23, 2018 (44797855344).jpg
|caption1=The supply storehouse, located immediately east of Building 92, looking eastward
|image2=Brooklyn Navy Yard October 23, 2018 (31650740758).jpg
|caption2=Close-up of the facade of the supply storehouse
|image3=Brooklyn Navy Yard October 23, 2018 (44609470855).jpg
|caption3=Building 77, located immediately east of the supply storehouse, looking eastward
}}
The Brooklyn Navy Yard's eleven-story supply storehouse (Building 3), located east of Building 92, was the first reinforced-concrete building constructed at the yard. Built by [[Turner Construction]] in the [[Neo-Classical style]], it contains a one-story [[base (architecture)|base]] and one-story [[attic]] with nine stories in between. A loading platform, covered by a flat metal canopy, encircles the building's base, and contains loading dock entries at various points. There were also formerly rail sidings on the west and north sides of the building.<ref name="NPS20" /> The nine stories above the base contain columns of wide rectangular windows, organized into "[[Bay (architecture)|bays]]". Each bay is separated by concrete piers, and each window contains a concrete still below it. There are [[cornice]]s at the top of the tenth and eleventh floors. On the eleventh floor, each bay contains triple-windows, and there are stair and elevator bulkhead structures, as well as skylights.<ref name="NPS20">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=20}}</ref> The structure contained {{convert|712,000|sqft|m2}} of floor space when first built.<ref name="NPS87">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=87}}</ref>

The federal government had commissioned Turner Construction by chance, when government officials raided Turner's factory based on a report of German guns being manufactured, and found Turner manufacturing engine foundations instead.<ref name="NPS86" /> A contract for Building 3's construction was made in April 1917.<ref>{{cite web|title=Two Great Federal Stores; Government Contracts for Buildings in New York to Cost $2,000,000.|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=April 25, 1917|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1917/04/25/archives/two-great-federal-stores-government-contracts-for-buildings-in-new.html|access-date=October 10, 2018}}</ref> Work began four days after the contract was signed. The modification to 11 stories was made partway through the construction progress.<ref name="NPS87" /> Construction progressed at a pace of one story per week, aided by the proximity of the Navy Yard's railroad system, via which materials could be delivered. The structure was finished by September at a cost of $1.2 million, and the Navy moved into the structure on October 1, 1917.<ref name="NPS87" /><ref>{{cite news|title=Quick Building Work at Brooklyn Navy Yard|page=6|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|via=Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com|date=October 8, 1917|url=http://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/55296226/|access-date=October 10, 2018}}</ref> The attic contained the commandant's, yard captain's, and manager's offices.<ref name="NPS87" /> Building 3 was outfitted with radio and radar laboratories during World War II, and footbridges were constructed to Buildings 5 and 77, although both footbridges have since been demolished.<ref name="NPS20" /> The roof of Building 3 now contains a [[rooftop farm]] run by [[Brooklyn Grange]], and the rest of the building is occupied by various industrial and commercial tenants.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://brooklynnavyyard.org/tenants/tenant-directory|title=Tenant Directory|publisher=Brooklyn Navy Yard Development Corporation|access-date=October 10, 2018}}</ref>

=== Building 77 ===
Building 77 is a sixteen-story structure constructed during World War II based on a design by [[George T. Basset]].<ref name="NPS93" /> The structure contains {{convert|952000|ft2|m2}} of floor space. The foundation of the building is supported by caissons of concrete and steel, which descend {{convert|150|ft|m}} underground.<ref name="NPS94">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=94}}</ref> The lowest eleven stories were constructed with {{convert|25|in|cm|adj=mid|-thick}} walls and no windows, encompassing {{convert|21|acre|m2}} of storage space.<ref name="nyt19410902" /><ref name="NPS94" /> These floors were likely used to store ammunition.<ref name="NPS94" /> Windows were installed on these floors in a 2017 renovation of the building.<ref name="curbed20171109" />

In mid-1940, Turner Construction was hired to erect the building under a cost-plus-fixed-fee contract, which would expedite construction.<ref>{{cite web|title=$4,000,000 Job Let by the Navy Here; First Cost-Plus Contract of Department Covers Storage Building in Brooklyn|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=July 16, 1940|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1940/07/16/archives/4000000-job-let-by-the-navy-here-first-costplus-contract-of.html|access-date=October 17, 2018}}</ref><ref name="NPS93" /> The foundation of the building was constructed in June 1941, and construction progressed quickly, with one story completed roughly every three working days. The structure was completed by September 1941 at a cost of $4 million.<ref>{{cite web|title=Navy Building Rises One Floor Every 3 Days|page=20|work=Brooklyn Daily Eagle|via=Brooklyn Public Library; newspapers.com|date=September 2, 1941|url=http://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/52756157/|access-date=October 17, 2018}}</ref><ref name="nyt19410902">{{cite web|title=Fast Work Shown on Navy Yard Unit; 16-Story Storage and Office Building Topped Out Month Ahead of Schedule|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=September 2, 1941|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1941/09/02/archives/fast-work-shown-on-navy-yard-unit-16story-storage-and-office.html|access-date=October 17, 2018}}</ref> The structure originally contained the yard headquarters as well as other spaces such as offices, storage spaces, laboratories, and a library.<ref name="NPS93" /> Building 77 was renovated in 2017 by Beyer Blinder Belle<ref>{{cite web|last=Lynch|first=Scott|title=See Inside Brooklyn Navy Yard's Completely Renovated Building 77|website=Gothamist|date=October 17, 2018|url=http://gothamist.com/2018/10/17/photos_brooklyn_navy_yard_building_77.php|access-date=October 18, 2018 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181017200954/http://gothamist.com/2018/10/17/photos_brooklyn_navy_yard_building_77.php | archive-date=October 17, 2018 | url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="curbed20171109" /> and now houses light manufacturing as well as commercial tenants.<ref name="nyt20151101" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://brooklynnavyyard.org/tenants/tenant-directory|title=Brooklyn Navy Yard Tenant Directory|website=brooklynnavyyard.org|language=en|access-date=March 17, 2020}}</ref>

=== Other notable structures ===
* The commandant's house, [[Quarters A, Brooklyn Navy Yard|Quarters A]] (built 1807), is a [[federal style]] structure in [[Vinegar Hill, Brooklyn|Vinegar Hill]] that is a part of Admiral's Row.<ref name="NPS65" /> [[Charles Bulfinch]], who also designed the [[United States Capitol]]'s rotunda, is often named as the architect of this house, though there is no evidence that Bulfinch was actually involved in the design.<ref name="NPS62" /><ref>{{cite news|last=Gray|first=Christopher|title=A Federal-Style Gem That Outshines Gracie Mansion|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=June 25, 2006|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/25/realestate/25scap.html|access-date=September 7, 2018}}</ref>
* Building 1 (former Building 291, built {{circa}} 1941–1942) was a materials testing laboratory, used for testing electronic output during World War II. The roof contains radio towers erected during World War II, which still exist. It was used by the Navy even after the yard's decommissioning and was abandoned in 1994.<ref name="NPS94" /> It is now used by Steiner Studios.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://nypost.com/2013/07/30/steiner-towers-over-ny-film/|title=Steiner towers over NY film|work=New York Post|first=Steve|last=Cuozzo|date=July 30, 2013|access-date=October 17, 2018}}</ref>
* Building 5 (built 1920), located north of Building 3,<ref name="bny-map" /> is a six-story brick rectangular structure with penthouse. It was used as a light machine shop, an electrical and ordnance structure, and a radio station and laboratory at different points in its history.<ref>{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=21}}</ref>
* Building 41 (built 1942), located on Morris Avenue between Fourth and Fifth Street,<ref name="bny-map" /> was originally a power plant, replacing another on the same site.<ref name="NPS94" /> It was converted into a cogeneration plant in 1995, using one of the world's largest cranes.<ref>{{cite web|title=Postings: It's One of the Biggest, 393 Feet Tall; At Navy Yard, The Crane Is Flying|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=July 30, 1995|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/07/30/realestate/postings-it-s-one-of-the-biggest-393-feet-tall-at-navy-yard-the-crane-is-flying.html|access-date=October 17, 2018}}</ref>
* Building 128 (built {{circa}} 1899–1900) is located at Morris Avenue and Sixth Street, near the Cumberland Street entrance.<ref name="bny-map" /> The building is a one-story L-shaped structure made of steel, masonry, and glass, and a high gable-monitor roof. It was formerly a machine and erecting shop, with the long arm of the L pointing northeast to accommodate a long movable crane.<ref>{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|pp=26–27}}</ref> Building 128 houses the Green Manufacturing Center,<ref name="wsj20160929" /> along with a technology hub called [[Newlab]].<ref name="Wood 2016 v048">{{cite web | last=Wood | first=Betty | title=Giant tech space New Lab opens at Brooklyn Navy Yard | website=The Spaces | date=September 21, 2016 | url=https://thespaces.com/giant-tech-space-new-lab-opens-brooklyn-navy-yard/ | access-date=May 16, 2024}}</ref>
* Building 132 (built 1905), located at Warrington Avenue and Fourth Street,<ref name="bny-map" /> was formerly a steam engine repair shop, and now contains light manufacturing.<ref name="Gittleson 2015" />
* Building 280 (built 1942) is located at Morris Avenue and Sixth Street, near the Cumberland Street entrance.<ref name="bny-map" /> It is an eight-story rectangular structure that was formerly used as an ordnance machine shop.<ref name="NPS38-39">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|pp=38–39}}</ref>
* Building 293 (built {{circa}} 1970s) is located northeast of Dry Dock 6, on the northeast side of the yard.<ref name="bny-map" /> It is an {{convert|1000|by|100|ft|m|adj=on}} gable-roofed structure that served as a supply and distribution center. Building 293 was supposed to be a paint fabrication facility for Seatrain Shipbuilding, but the permits were never granted.<ref name="NPS38-39" /> The building was then converted into a [[modular home|modular apartment]] manufacturing facility for [[Forest City Ratner]] (and later for FullStack Modular), which produced apartments for the nearby [[Pacific Park, Brooklyn|Pacific Park]] development.<ref>{{cite web|last=Bagli|first=Charles V.|title=Groundbreaking Soon at Atlantic Yards on Prefabricated Tower|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=November 28, 2012|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/28/nyregion/groundbreaking-soon-at-atlantic-yards-on-prefabricated-tower.html|access-date=October 30, 2018}}</ref> In 2016, Building 293 was outfitted with one of New York City's largest [[solar roof]] installations, a 3,152-panel structure that could generate {{convert|1.1|e6kWh|MJ}} of energy.<ref>{{cite web|last=Blain|first=Glenn|title=Exclusive: Cutting-edge solar panels light the way to renewable energy at Brooklyn Navy Yard|website=New York Daily News|date=September 26, 2016|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/brooklyn/cutting-edge-solar-panels-brooklyn-navy-yard-article-1.2806025|access-date=October 30, 2018}}</ref>
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* The first fireproof building in the United States was located in the Brooklyn Navy Yard.<ref name="bde19181215" />
-->

===Former structures===
[[Admiral's Row]] featured ten homes in various architectural styles (namely the [[Greek Revival architecture|Greek Revival]], [[Italianate architecture|Italianate]], and [[French Empire style]]s). Built between 1864 and 1901, they served as residences to high-ranking Navy Yard officers.<ref name="NPS76" /> The property also contained a timber shed, parade ground, tennis courts, and garages attached to each house.<ref>{{harvnb|ps=.|Environmental Review|2011|p=10}}</ref> The row was abandoned when the Navy Yard was decommissioned in 1966,<ref name="NPS76" /> and most of the houses were demolished in 2016.<ref name="fox20160907" />

The Brooklyn Navy Yard also contained an [[artificial island]] called the Cob Dock. It was originally a mud flat in Wallabout Bay and was reportedly expanded with [[ballast]] released by departing ships. Cob Dock became a convenient place for ships to moor,<ref name="NPS75" /> and was once also used by the first flocks of messenger pigeons used by the Navy.<ref>{{cite news|title=2,000 Pigeons Will Put on a Light Show in Brooklyn|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|date=April 29, 2016|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/04/29/arts/design/-duke-riley-pigeons-fly-by-night.html|access-date=October 3, 2018}}</ref> Cob Dock was separated from the mainland Navy Yard by Wallabout Channel, a {{convert|5|to|20|ft|m|adj=mid|-deep}} channel around the southern half of the island that connected to Wallabout Bay on the west and east ends.<ref name="Report 1900">{{cite book|title=Report|issue=pt. 2|year=1900|url=https://archive.org/details/report00engigoog|access-date=October 3, 2018|page=[https://archive.org/details/report00engigoog/page/n9 7]|last1=Office Of The Chief Of Engineers|first1=United States. Army}}</ref> A structural cribwork was built around the island during the Civil War, and a ship basin was built in the center of the island, while Wallabout Channel was dredged to a lower depth to allow capacity for more boats to moor. After the Civil War, the north end of the island was used to store ordnance, while the south end became a park and training ground.<ref name="NPS75" /> A ferry initially provided service between Cob Dock and the rest of the Navy Yard,<ref name="NPS75" /> but by 1900, it was replaced by a [[causeway]] across Wallabout Channel.<ref name="Report 1900" /> The southern section of Cob Dock was demolished in the early 1910s to make room for larger ships.<ref name="NPS76">{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|p=76}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|ps=.|Berner|1999|p=53}}</ref> The remainder of the island was demolished during World War II to make room for Dry Docks 5 and 6, which were built in 1942.<ref name="NPS76" />

The Wallabout Market, a city-operated food market formerly located at the eastern end of the Brooklyn Navy Yard, was developed in the late 19th century.<ref name="be20120420">{{Cite web|url=http://www.brooklyneagle.com/articles/day-history-april-20-%E2%80%98-market-market%E2%80%99|title=On This Day in History, April 20: 'To Market, To Market...'|last=Neidl|first=Phoebe|date=April 20, 2012|website=Brooklyn Eagle|language=en|access-date=October 30, 2018}}</ref> The United States Navy Department started leasing {{Convert|25|acre|ha}} of waterfront land to the city of Brooklyn in 1877 so that the city could start operating a market,<ref name="be20120420" /><ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24968583/brooklyns_new_market/|title=Brooklyn's New Market|date=February 27, 1877|work=The New York Sun|via=Newspapers.com|access-date=October 30, 2018|page=1}}</ref> and the Navy received a permit to start operating the market in 1884.<ref name="CR22" /> The Brooklyn city government gained ownership of Wallabout Market in 1890, and the market later came under the operation of New York City.<ref name="be20120420" /><ref name="CR22" /> The market was very close to New York Harbor, so it was easy to import and export goods, but the ground was muddy and the area was frequented by a violent gang that evaded police enforcement. Roads, frame buildings, and a sewage system were installed at Wallabout Market.<ref name="be20120420" /> By the late 1890s, the market contained piers, as well as floating landings for the [[Delaware, Lackawanna and Western Railroad]] and the [[Pennsylvania Railroad]].<ref name="CR22" /> The Wallabout Market site was re-acquired by the Navy and demolished during World War II to make room for Dry Docks 5 and 6.<ref name="NPS92" />

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! colspan="4"| January 1, 1946
|-
!  style="text-align: left;" | Shipbuilding ways
! Width !! Length !! Source
|-
! style="text-align: center;" | 1
| {{convert|128|ft|m}}
| {{convert|1006|ft|9|in|m}}
|rowspan=2|<ref name="Gardiner Fassett, Frederick p. 177">Gardiner Fassett, Frederick, ''The Shipbuilding Business in the United States of America'', p. 177</ref>
|-
! style="text-align: center;" | 2
| {{convert|128|ft|m}}
| {{convert|1006|ft|9|in|m}}
|}

== Landmark designations ==
[[File:Brooklyn Navy Yard Commanders House jeh (cropped).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Quarters A, Brooklyn Navy Yard|Commander's quarters]]]]

In 2014, the entire yard was listed on the [[National Register of Historic Places]] (NRHP) as a [[Historic districts in the United States|historic district]].<ref>{{cite web|title=National Register of Historic Places listings for May 30, 2014|url=http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/listings/20140530.htm|publisher=[[U.S. National Park Service]]|date=May 30, 2014|access-date=June 3, 2014}}</ref> Certain buildings have also been given landmark status. [[Quarters A, Brooklyn Navy Yard|Quarters A]], the commander's quarters building, is a [[National Historic Landmark]].<ref>{{harvnb|ps=.|National Park Service|2014|pp=9–13}}</ref> Dry Dock 1,<ref name="LPC 1975 p. 1" /> the Navy Yard Hospital Building (R95),<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.neighborhoodpreservationcenter.org/db/bb_files/OLD-US-NAVAL-HOSP-ORIG.pdf|title=Old U.S. Naval Hospital|date=October 14, 1965|publisher=New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission|access-date=September 5, 2018|archive-date=August 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804073542/http://www.neighborhoodpreservationcenter.org/db/bb_files/OLD-US-NAVAL-HOSP-ORIG.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the Surgeon's Residence (R1) inside the Brooklyn Naval Hospital are all [[New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission|New York City designated landmarks]].<ref>{{cite book|url=http://www.neighborhoodpreservationcenter.org/db/bb_files/SURGEONS-HOUSE.pdf|title=Surgeon's House|date=November 9, 1976|publisher=New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission|access-date=September 5, 2018|archive-date=March 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224528/http://www.neighborhoodpreservationcenter.org/db/bb_files/SURGEONS-HOUSE.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref>

A report commissioned by the [[National Guard of the United States|National Guard]] in 2008 suggested that the entirety of the Admiral's Row property met the eligibility criteria for inclusion on the NRHP.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nan.usace.army.mil/business/buslinks/admiral/pdf/report.pdf|title=Archived copy|access-date=April 18, 2008 |url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080529054308/http://www.nan.usace.army.mil/business/buslinks/admiral/pdf/report.pdf|archive-date=May 29, 2008}}</ref> However, in 2010, Admiral's Row sparked a landmarks debate because it had deteriorated to the point of collapse.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/05/16/realestate/16row.html|title=The Struggle to Preserve the Brooklyn Navy Yard|last=Santora|first=Marc|date=May 16, 2010|work=The New York Times|issn=0362-4331|access-date=September 27, 2018}}</ref> Ultimately, the city approved a plan to redevelop Admiral's Row.<ref name="nyt20150513" /><ref>{{cite web|url=https://nypost.com/2015/05/13/cult-favorite-supermarket-wegmans-is-coming-to-brooklyn/|title=Brooklyn freaks out over Wegmans|date=May 13, 2015|website=New York Post|access-date=September 27, 2018}}</ref> In 2016, nine of the ten historic houses on Admiral's Row were torn down to accommodate 399 Sands Street, the Wegmans supermarket, and the parking lot.<ref name="fox20160907">{{cite web|url=http://www.fox5ny.com/news/navy-yards-admirals-row-demolished|title=Navy Yard's Admiral's Row demolished|date=September 7, 2016|website=[[WNYW]]|access-date=September 27, 2018}}</ref>

A bronze marker on the Brooklyn Bridge contains a section commemorating the history of the shipyard. The plaque mentions several of the notable ships that were built at Brooklyn Navy Yard, including the ''Maine''; the ''Missouri''; and the last ship constructed there, ''Duluth''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hmdb.org/marker.asp?marker=62888|title=Panaroma (sic) of Brooklyn South of the Brooklyn Bridge Marker|access-date=April 29, 2016}}</ref>

{{Clear}}

==Commandants==
{{div col|colwidth=20em|small=yes}}
# Lieutenant [[Jonathan Thorn]], June 1, 1806 – July 13, 1807<ref name="nyt18700313" /><ref name="nydn19081011">{{cite news|title=Photos Will Greet Him|page=46|work=New York Daily News|via=Newspapers.com|date=October 11, 1908|url=http://bklyn.newspapers.com/image/53941237/|access-date=October 23, 2018}}</ref>
# Captain [[Isaac Chauncey]], July 13, 1807 – May 16, 1813<ref name="nyt18700313" /><ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Captain [[Samuel Evans (naval officer)|Samuel Evans]], May 16, 1813 – June 2, 1824<ref name="nyt18700313" /><ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Commander [[George W. Rodgers]], June 2, 1824 – December 21, 1824<ref name="nyt18700313" /><ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Captain [[Isaac Chauncey]], December 21, 1824 – June 10, 1833<ref name="nyt18700313" /><ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Captain [[Charles G. Ridgeley]], June 10, 1833 – November 19, 1839<ref name="nyt18700313" /><ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Captain James Renshaw, November 19, 1839 – June 12, 1841<ref name="nyt18700313" /><ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Captain [[Matthew C. Perry]], June 12, 1841 – July 15, 1843<ref name="nyt18700313" /><ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Captain [[Silas H. Stringham]], July 15, 1843 – October 1, 1846<ref name="nyt18700313" /><ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Captain Isaac McKeever, October 1, 1846 – October 1, 1849<ref name="nyt18700313" /><ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Captain William D. Salter, October 1, 1849 – October 14, 1852<ref name="nyt18700313" /><ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Captain [[Charles Boarman|Charles Boardman]], October 14, 1852 – October 1, 1855<ref name="nyt18700313" /><ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Captain Abraham Bigelow, October 1, 1855 – June 8, 1857<ref name="nyt18700313" /><ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Captain [[Lawrence Kearny]], June 8, 1857 – November 1, 1858<ref name="nyt18700313" /><ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Captain [[Samuel Livingston Breese|Samuel L. Breese]], November 1, 1858 – October 25, 1861<ref name="nyt18700313" /><ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Captain [[Hiram Paulding]], October 25, 1861 – May 1, 1865<ref name="nyt18700313" /><ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Commodore [[Charles H. Bell (naval officer)|Charles H. Bell]], May 1, 1865 – May 1, 1868<ref name="nyt18700313" /><ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Rear Admiral [[Sylvanus William Godon|Sylvanus W. Godon]], May 1, 1868 – October 15, 1870<ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Rear Admiral [[Melancton Smith (1810–1893)|Melancton Smith]], October 15, 1870 – June 1, 1872<ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Vice Admiral [[Stephen Clegg Rowan]], June 1, 1872 – September 1, 1876<ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Commodore [[James W. Nicholson]], September 1, 1876 – May 1, 1880<ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Commodore [[George H. Cooper]], May 1, 1880 – April 1, 1882<ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Commodore [[John Henry Upshur|John H. Upshur]], April 1, 1882 – March 31, 1884<ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Commodore Thomas S. Fillebrown, March 31, 1884 – December 31, 1884<ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Commodore [[Ralph Chandler]], December 31, 1884 – October 15, 1886<ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Commodore [[Bancroft Gherardi]], October 15, 1886 – February 15, 1889<ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Captain [[Francis Munroe Ramsay|Francis M. Ramsay]], February 15, 1889 – November 14, 1889<ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Rear Admiral [[Daniel L. Braine]], November 14, 1889 – May 20, 1891<ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Commodore [[Henry Erben]], May 20, 1891 – June 1, 1893<ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Rear Admiral [[Bancroft Gherardi]], June 1, 1893 – November 22, 1894<ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Commodore [[Montgomery Sicard]], November 22, 1894 – May 1, 1897<ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Commodore [[Francis M. Bunce]], May 1, 1897 – January 14, 1899<ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Commodore [[John Woodward Philip]], January 14, 1899 – July 17, 1900<ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Rear Admiral [[Albert S. Barker]], July 17, 1900 – April 1, 1903<ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Rear Admiral [[Frederick Rodgers]], April 1, 1903 – October 3, 1904<ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Rear Admiral [[Joseph B. Coghlan]], October 3, 1904 – June 1, 1907<ref name="nydn19081011" />
# Rear Admiral [[Caspar F. Goodrich]], June 1, 1907 – May 15, 1909
# Captain [[Joseph B. Murdock]], May 15, 1909 – March 21, 1910
# Captain [[Lewis Sayre Van Duzer]], April 1910 – July 1913
# Rear Admiral [[Eugene H. C. Leutze]], March 21, 1910 – June 6, 1912
# Captain [[Albert Gleaves]], June 6, 1912 – September 28, 1914
# Rear Admiral Nathaniel R. Usher, September 28, 1914 – February 25, 1918
# Rear Admiral John D. McDonald, September 28, 1914 – July 1, 1921
# Rear Admiral [[Carl Theodore Vogelgesang|Carl T. Vogelgesang]], July 1, 1921 – November 27, 1922
# Rear Admiral [[Charles Peshall Plunkett|Charles P. Plunkett]], November 27, 1922 – February 16, 1928
# Captain Frank Lyon, February 16, 1928 – July 2, 1928
# Rear Admiral [[Louis R. de Steiguer]], July 2, 1928 – March 18, 1931
# Rear Admiral William W. Phelps, March 18, 1931 – June 30, 1933
# Rear Admiral [[Yates Stirling Jr.]], June 30, 1933 – March 9, 1936
# Captain [[Frederick Oliver Chilton|Frederick L. Oliver]], March 9, 1936 – April 20, 1936
# Rear Admiral [[Harris L. Laning]], April 20, 1936 – September 24, 1937
# Rear Admiral [[Clark H. Woodward]], October 1, 1937 – March 1, 1941
# Rear Admiral Edward J. Marquart, June 2, 1941 – June 2, 1943
# Rear Admiral Monroe R. Kelly, June 2, 1943 – December 5, 1944
# Rear Admiral Freeland A. Daubin, December 5, 1944 – November 25, 1945
{{div col end}}

==In popular culture==
Excluding the films shot at Steiner Studios, the following films, TV shows, video games, books, and cultural events are set or have been recorded at the Brooklyn Navy Yard:
* The Brooklyn Navy Yard is featured in the film ''[[On the Town (film)|On the Town]]'' (1949) starring [[Frank Sinatra]].<ref>Harris, Scott Jordan (2011). ''World Film Locations: New York''. Intellect Books. Page 28. {{ISBN|9781841504827}}.</ref>
* Portions of the 1986 movie ''[[Robot Holocaust]]'' were filmed at the Brooklyn Navy Yard.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Nash|first1=J.R.|last2=Ross|first2=S.R.|title=The Motion Picture Guide: 1988 Annual (The Films of 1987)|publisher=Cinebooks|year=1988|isbn=978-0-933997-16-5|url=https://archive.org/details/motionpicturegui0000nash | url-access=registration|access-date=January 6, 2019|page=[https://archive.org/details/motionpicturegui0000nash/page/251 251]}}</ref>
* The shipyard is featured in the 2000 video game ''[[Deus Ex (video game)|Deus Ex]]'', as a playable level in which the protagonist must scuttle a freighter docked at the base.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.deusex-machina.com/media/walkthroughPt2.asp|title=Deus Ex Walkthrough (2 of 2)|first=Chuck|last=Simciak|publisher=Deus Ex Machina|access-date=October 24, 2018|archive-date=August 3, 2019|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190803054028/http://www.deusex-machina.com/media/walkthroughPt2.asp|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* The Brooklyn Navy Yard is featured in the 2008 [[video game]] ''[[Tom Clancy's EndWar]]'', as a playable battlefield. In the game, the yard is refitting the [[aircraft carrier]] USS ''Ronald Reagan'' into a Mobile Offshore Base.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://endwargame.us.ubi.com/locations.php|title=Locations|author=[[Ubisoft]]|publisher=[[Ubisoft]]|year=2008|access-date=April 1, 2011}}</ref>
* A [[Harry Houdini]]-themed task was performed at the Brooklyn Navy Yard in the final leg of ''[[The Amazing Race 21]]'' (2012).<ref>{{cite web|title='The Amazing Race' finale ends with shocking win|website=TODAY.com|date=December 10, 2012|url=http://www.today.com/popculture/amazing-race-finale-ends-shocking-win-1C7525706|access-date=October 24, 2018}}</ref>
* The Brooklyn Navy Yard is prominently featured in [[Jennifer Egan]]'s 2017 novel ''Manhattan Beach'' ([[Charles Scribner's Sons|Scribner]] {{ISBN|978-1-5011-8991-3}}). The main protagonist, Anna Kerrigan, works at the Navy Yard as a parts inspector and, subsequently, as the yard's first female diver.<ref>Adamczyk, Laura. [https://www.avclub.com/history-weighs-heavily-in-jennifer-egan-s-wwii-drama-ma-1818847812 "History weighs heavily in Jennifer Egan's WWII drama ''Manhattan Beach''"], ''[[The A.V. Club]]'', October 2, 2017. Accessed December 4, 2017. "In ''Manhattan Beach'', a sweeping WWII-set novel, Jennifer Egan relates the life of protagonist Anna Kerrigan, the first female ship-repair diver in the Brooklyn Naval Yard."</ref>
* [[ArtRave]], a promotional concert hosted by the singer [[Lady Gaga]] for her album ''[[Artpop]]'', was held at Brooklyn Navy Yard's Duggal Greenhouse on November 10 and 11, 2013.<ref>{{cite magazine|url=https://www.ew.com/article/2013/11/11/lady-gaga-flying-dress-artrave|title=Lady Gaga wears a hover dress, performs 'ARTPOP' songs at Brooklyn artRAVE|first=Kyle|last=Anderson|date=November 11, 2013|access-date=December 4, 2013|magazine=[[Entertainment Weekly]]|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160415063722/http://www.ew.com/article/2013/11/11/lady-gaga-flying-dress-artrave|archive-date=April 15, 2016}}</ref>

{{Wide image|Bk Navy Yard from boat 2007 jeh.jpg|1000px|The yard seen from mid-stream East River}}

==References==

===Notes===
{{Notelist}}

===Citations===
{{Reflist|1=30em}}

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book|last=Berner|first=T.F.|title=The Brooklyn Navy Yard|publisher=Arcadia Publishing|series=Images of America|year=1999|isbn=978-0-7385-5695-6|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HEHt7obvosEC&pg=PA12}}
* {{cite book|url=https://www.nps.gov/nr/feature/places/pdfs/14000261.pdf|title=Brooklyn Navy Yard Historic District|website=nps.gov|publisher=[[United States Department of the Interior]]; [[National Park Service]]|date=April 7, 2014|access-date=September 5, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210706034315/https://www.nps.gov/nr/feature/places/pdfs/14000261.pdf|archive-date=July 6, 2021|url-status=dead|ref={{harvid|National Park Service|2014}}}}
* {{cite book|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/0895.pdf|title=Dry Dock #1 (Dock street at the foot of 3rd Street), Brooklyn Navy Yard, Borough of Brooklyn, Built 1840–1851.|date=September 23, 1975|publisher=New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission|access-date=September 5, 2018|ref={{harvid|Landmarks Preservation Commission|1975}}}}
* {{cite book|url=http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/arch_reports/216.pdf|title=Stage I Cultural Resources Survey For The Proposed Resource Recovery Facility Site, Brooklyn Navy Yard, New York City|last1=Church|first1=David E.|last2=Rutsch|first2=Edward S.|publisher=Historic Conservation & Interpretation, Inc.|date=February 1982|via=[[Government of New York City|nyc.gov]]}}
* {{Cite landmarks}}<!--Diamonstein-Spielvogel 2011-->
* {{cite book|chapter-url=http://www.nyc.gov/html/oec/downloads/pdf/dme_projects/11DME001K/FEIS/11DME001K_FEIS_05_Historic_Resources.pdf|title=Environmental Review: Admirals Row Plaza – 11DME001K|chapter=Chapter 5: Historic and Cultural Resources|publisher=[[Government of New York City]]|date=June 6, 2011|ref={{harvid|Environmental Review|2011}}}}
* {{cite magazine|title=The Brooklyn Navy Yard|magazine=Harper's Magazine|publisher=Harper's Magazine Company|series=Library of American civilization|issue=v. 42|year=1871|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YwwwAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA9|ref={{harvid|Harper's Magazine|1871}} | pages=1–13}}
* {{cite book|last=Gardiner Fassett|first=Frederick|title=The Shipbuilding Business in the United States of America|date=January 1, 1948|publisher=[[Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers]]}}
* {{cite book|last=Livingston|first=E.A.|title=Brooklyn and the Civil War|publisher=Arcadia Publishing Incorporated|series=Civil War Series|year=2012|isbn=978-1-61423-447-0|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f4J2CQAAQBAJ&pg=PT59}}
* {{Cite journal|last=Sparr|first=Arnold|date=2000|title=Looking for Rosie: Women Defense Workers in the Brooklyn Navy Yard, 1942-1946|journal=New York History|volume=81|issue=3|pages=313–340|jstor=23182271}}
* {{cite journal|last1=Wright|first1=Christopher C.|title=Question 1/58: Concerning Cement Backing for Armor on ''Montana'' (BB-67) Class Battleships|issn=0043-0374 |journal=Warship International |date=June 2021 |volume=LVIII |issue=2 |pages=118–120}}

===Further reading===
* {{cite book|url=http://www.neighborhoodpreservationcenter.org/db/bb_files/OLD-US-NAVAL-HOSP-ORIG.pdf|title=Old U.S. Naval Hospital|date=October 14, 1965|publisher=New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission|access-date=September 5, 2018|archive-date=August 4, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160804073542/http://www.neighborhoodpreservationcenter.org/db/bb_files/OLD-US-NAVAL-HOSP-ORIG.pdf|url-status=dead}}
* {{cite book|url=http://www.neighborhoodpreservationcenter.org/db/bb_files/SURGEONS-HOUSE.pdf|title=Surgeon's House|date=November 9, 1976|publisher=New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission|access-date=September 5, 2018|archive-date=March 3, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303224528/http://www.neighborhoodpreservationcenter.org/db/bb_files/SURGEONS-HOUSE.pdf|url-status=dead}}
* [http://www.columbia.edu/~jrs9/BNY-Ships.html ''Ships Constructed at the Brooklyn Navy Yard'']
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090420211600/http://www.thirteen.org/thecityconcealed/2009/01/26/inside-the-brooklyn-navy-yard/ ''Inside Brooklyn Navy Yard''], 2009 video essay

==External links==
{{Commons category|Brooklyn Navy Yard}}
* [http://www.brooklynnavyyard.org/ The Brooklyn Navy Yard Development Corporation] official website
* [http://bldg92.org/ Brooklyn Navy Yard Center at BLDG 92] official website
* {{Internet Archive collection|id=brooklynnavyyard|name=Brooklyn Navy Yard}}
* [https://www.usna.edu/Library/sca/man-findingaids/MS_093.EAD.xml Muster Rolls of the Officers and Men attached to the New York Navy Yard, 1813–1815, MS 93] held by Special Collections & Archives, Nimitz Library at the United States Naval Academy

{{Brooklyn}}
{{National Register of Historic Places in New York}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Brooklyn Navy Yard| ]]
[[Category:Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Brooklyn]]
[[Category:Military facilities on the National Register of Historic Places in New York City]]
[[Category:Neighborhoods in Brooklyn]]
[[Category:New York (state) in the American Civil War]]
[[Category:Shipyards on the National Register of Historic Places]]
[[Category:United States Navy shipyards]]
[[Category:Works Progress Administration in New York City]]
[[Category:Military installations established in 1801]]
[[Category:Military installations closed in 1966]]
[[Category:Closed installations of the United States Navy]]
[[Category:Shipyards of New York (state)]]
[[Category:Shipyards building World War II warships]]