View source for Chloephaga

{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{Short description|Genus of birds}}
{{Automatic taxobox 
| name = Sheldgoose
| image = Chloephaga rubidiceps1.jpg
| image_caption = [[Ruddy-headed goose]], ''Chloephaga rubidiceps''
| taxon = Chloephaga
| authority = [[Thomas Campbell Eyton|Eyton]], 1838
| type_species= ''[[Upland goose|Anas magellanica]]''<ref name=HM4>{{cite web |url= https://www.aviansystematics.org/4th-edition-checklist?viewfamilies=14 |title= Anatidae |author=<!--Not stated--> |date= |website= aviansystematics.org |publisher= The Trust for Avian Systematics |access-date= 2023-08-05}}</ref> = ''Anas leucoptera''
| type_species_authority = [[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|Gmelin, JF]] 1789
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = 
*''[[Chloephaga melanoptera]]''
*''[[Chloephaga picta]]''
*''[[Chloephaga hybrida]]''
*''[[Chloephaga poliocephala]]''
*''[[Chloephaga rubidiceps]]''
}}

'''''Chloephaga''''' is a [[genus]] of '''sheldgeese''' in the [[family (biology)|family]] [[Anatidae]]. Other [[Tadorninae|sheldgeese]] are found in the genera ''[[Alopochen]]'' and ''[[Neochen]]''.

== Taxonomy ==
The genus ''Chloephaga'' was introduced in 1838 by the English naturalist [[Thomas Campbell Eyton]] in his ''A Monograph on the Anatidae, or Duck Tribe''.<ref>{{ cite book | last=Eyton | first=Thomas Campbell | author-link=Thomas Campbell Eyton | date=1838 | title=A Monograph on the Anatidae, or Duck Tribe | location=London | publisher=Longman, Orme, Brown, Green, & Longman | page=13 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/36002113 }}</ref> He designated the [[type species]] as ''Chloephaga magellanica''. This is ''Anas magellanica'' [[Johann Friedrich Gmelin|Gmelin, JF]] 1789, which is a [[Synonym (taxonomy)|synonym]] of ''Anas leucoptera'' Gmelin, JF 1789. ''Anas leucoptera'' is now considered as a [[subspecies]] of the [[upland goose]] ''Chloephaga picta leucoptera''.<ref>{{ cite book | editor1-last=Mayr | editor1-first=Ernst | editor1-link=Ernst Mayr | editor2-last=Cottrell | editor2-first=G. William | year=1979 | title=Check-List of Birds of the World | volume=1 | edition=2nd | publisher=Museum of Comparative Zoology | place=Cambridge, Massachusetts | page=447 | url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/16109087 }}</ref>  The genus name comes from the combination of the [[Ancient Greek]] ''khloē'' meaning "grass" with ''-phagos'' meaning "-eating".<ref>{{cite book | last=Jobling | first=James A. | year=2010| title= The Helm Dictionary of Scientific Bird Names | publisher=Christopher Helm | location=London | isbn= 978-1-4081-2501-4 | page=102 | url=https://archive.org/stream/Helm_Dictionary_of_Scientific_Bird_Names_by_James_A._Jobling#page/n102/mode/1up }}</ref>

A [[molecular phylogenetic]] study by Mariana Bulgarella and collaborators published in 2014 found that the [[Orinoco goose]] in the [[monotypic]] genus ''Neochem'', was embedded in the genus ''Chloephaga'':<ref>{{Cite journal | last1=Bulgarella | first1=M. | last2=Kopuchian | first2=C. | last3=Giacomo | first3=A.S.D. | last4=Matus | first4=R. | last5=Blank | first5=O. | last6=Wilson | first6=R.E. | last7=Mccracken | first7=K.G. | date=2014 | title=Molecular phylogeny of the South American sheldgeese with implications for conservation of Falkland Islands (Malvinas) and continental populations of the Ruddy-headed Goose ''Chloephaga rubidiceps'' and Upland Goose ''C. picta'' | journal=Bird Conservation International | volume=24 | issue=1 | pages=59–71 | doi=10.1017/S0959270913000178| doi-access=free | hdl=11336/25659 | hdl-access=free }}</ref>
{{clade|style=font-size:80%;line-height:80%
|1={{clade
|1={{clade
   |1=[[Orinoco goose]] (''Neochem jubata'')|style1=background-color:#bbedFF;
   |2=[[Andean goose]] (''Chloephaga melanoptera'')
   }}
|2={{clade
  |1={{clade
    |1=[[Ashy-headed goose]] (''Chloephaga poliocephala'')
    |2=[[Ruddy-headed goose]] (''Chloephaga rubidiceps'')
     }}
  |2={{clade
    |1=[[Upland goose]] (''Chloephaga picta'')
    |2=[[Kelp goose]] (''Chloephaga hybrida'')
     }}
   }}
}}
}}
Based on this result, some authorities place the Orinoco goose together with the [[Andean goose]] in the resurrected genus ''Oressochen''.<ref>{{ cite web | last=Jaramillo | first=Alvaro  | date=July 2014 | title=Proposal 637: Treat ''Chloephaga melanoptera'' and ''Neochen jubata'' as congeners| publisher=South American Classification Committee, American Ornithologists' Union | url=https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCprop637.htm | access-date=2 July 2022}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last1=Davenport | first1=L. | last2=Endo | first2=W. | last3=Kriese | first3=K. | date=2020 | title=Orinoco Goose (''Oressochen jubatus''), version 1.0 | editor-last=Schulenberg | editor-first=T.S. | journal=Birds of the World | location=Ithaca, NY, USA | publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology | doi=10.2173/bow.origoo1.01 | s2cid=216415094 | url=https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.origoo1.01  | access-date=2 July 2022 | url-access=subscription }}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | last=Duvall | first=A. | date=2020 | title=Andean Goose (''Oressochen melanopterus''), version 1.0 | editor-last=Schulenberg | editor-first=T.S. | journal=Birds of the World | location=Ithaca, NY, USA | publisher=Cornell Lab of Ornithology | doi=10.2173/bow.andgoo1.01 | url=https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.andgoo1.01  | access-date=2 July 2022 | url-access=subscription }}</ref>

A fossilized partial [[coracoid]] (CTES-PZ 7797) of an indeterminate ''Chloephaga'' species sharing some characters with the extant [[upland goose]] is known from the [[upper Pleistocene]] [[Toropí Formation]] (also called the Yupoí Formation) in [[Corrientes Province]], Argentina, 700 kilometers further north than the northernmost present-day record of the genus.<ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Álvarez-Herrera |first1=Gerardo P. |last2=Agnolín |first2=Federico L. |last3=Méndez |first3=Cecilia |last4=Luna |first4=Carlos |last5=Cuaranta |first5=Pedro |last6=Contreras |first6=Silvina |last7=Zurita |first7=Alfredo E. |date=19 August 2022 |title=The Northernmost record of the goose genus Chloephaga (Eyton, 1838) (Aves, Anatidae) and its biogeographical implications |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0895981122002759 |journal=Journal of South American Earth Sciences |volume=119 |language=en |pages=103988 |doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2022.103988 |bibcode=2022JSAES.11903988A |s2cid=251705841 |issn=0895-9811}}</ref>

==Species==
The genus contains five species.<ref name=ioc>{{cite web| editor1-last=Gill | editor1-first=Frank | editor1-link=Frank Gill (ornithologist) | editor2-last=Donsker | editor2-first=David | editor3-last=Rasmussen | editor3-first=Pamela | editor3-link=Pamela Rasmussen | date=January 2022 | title=Screamers, ducks, geese & swans | work=IOC World Bird List Version 12.1 | url=http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/waterfowl/ | publisher=International Ornithologists' Union | access-date=2 July 2022 }}</ref>

{{Species table |genus= Chloephaga |authority-name= [[Thomas Campbell Eyton|Eyton]] |authority-year=1838 |species-count=five|no-note=y|narrow-percent=75}}

{{Species table/row
|name=Andean goose |binomial=[[Chloephaga melanoptera]]
|image=File:Andengans Chloephaga melanoptera 050805.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Eyton |authority-year=1838 |authority-not-original=yes
|range=  Peru to south Chile and Argentina
|range-image=File:Chloephaga melanoptera map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}

{{Species table/row
|name= [[Upland goose]] or Magellan goose|binomial=[[Chloephaga picta]]
|image=File:Chloephaga picta 3.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male
|image2 =File:FAL-2017-West Point Island, Falkland Islands-Upland goose (Chloephaga picta).jpg|image2-caption=Female
|authority-name=Gmelin, |authority-year=1789 |authority-not-original=yes
|range=  southernmost South America
|range-image=File:Chloephaga picta map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=two subspecies |bullets=on
|''C. p. picta'' <small>(Gmelin, 1789), </small>
|''C. p. leucoptera'' <small>(Gmelin, 1789), </small>
}}
}}

{{Species table/row
|name=Kelp goose |binomial=[[Chloephaga hybrida]]
|image=File:Chloephaga hybrida.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=|image-caption=Male
|image2 =File:Chloephaga hybrida female.jpg|image2-caption=Female
|authority-name=Molina |authority-year=1782 |authority-not-original=yes
|range= Chile's southern half to the eastern tip of Tierra del Fuego and the Falkland Islands
|range-image=File:Chloephaga hybrida map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies={{Collapsible list |expand=yes |title=two subspecies |bullets=on
| ''C. h. hybrida'' <small>(Molina, 1782)</small>
| ''C. h. malvinarum'' <small>([[John Charles Phillips|Phillips]], 1916)</small>
}}
}}

{{Species table/row
|name=Ashy-headed goose |binomial=[[Chloephaga poliocephala]]
|image=File:Ashy-headed Goose Chloephaga poliocephala 0505014.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=P.L. Sclater |authority-year=1857 |authority-not-original=
|range=  southernmost South America 
|range-image=File:Chloephaga poliocephala map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}

{{Species table/row
|name=Ruddy-headed goose |binomial=[[Chloephaga rubidiceps]]
|image=File:Ruddy-headed Goose RWD.jpg|image-size=180px |image-alt=
|authority-name=Sclater, PL |authority-year=1861 |authority-not-original=
|range=  Tierra del Fuego, Chile and the Falkland Islands and southern Argentina
|range-image=File:Chloephaga rubidiceps map.svg
|range-image-size=180px
|size=
|habitat=
|hunting=
|iucn-status= LC
|population=
|direction=
|subspecies=
}}

{{Species table/end}}

==See also==
* [[List of extinct bird species since 1500]]
* [[List of Late Quaternary prehistoric bird species]]
* [[List of fossil bird genera]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Wikispecies-inline|Chloephaga|''Chloephaga''}}
*{{Commons-inline|2=''Chloephaga''}}

{{Odontoanserae|B.|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q367753}}

[[Category:Chloephaga|*]]
[[Category:Geese]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Thomas Campbell Eyton]]