View source for Convoy ON 207

{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Infobox military conflict
| conflict          = Convoy ON 207
| partof            = [[World War II]]
| date              = 26–29 October 1943
| place             = [[North Atlantic]]
| result            = Allied victory
| combatant1        = {{flagicon|United Kingdom|naval}}  [[United Kingdom]]<br />{{flag|Canada|1921}}
| combatant2        = {{flagicon|Nazi Germany|naval}} [[Nazi Germany|Germany]]
| commander1        = Comm:<br />Escort:Cdr JA Burnett
| commander2        = [[Admiral]] [[Karl Dönitz]]
| strength1         = 52 ships<br />19 escorts
| strength2         = 18 [[U-boat]]s
| casualties1       = no losses
| casualties2       = 3 U-boats destroyed
}}

'''ON 207''' was a [[North Atlantic]] [[convoy]] of the [[ON convoys|ONS/ON series]] which ran during the [[Battle of the Atlantic]] in [[World War II]]. It was the subject of a major [[U-boat]] attack in October 1943, the fourth battle in the German autumn offensive.

==Background==

Still believing their new weapons and tactics gave them an advantage, despite the losses suffered by [[Wolfpack (naval tactic)|wolfpack]] [[Wolf pack Schlieffen|''Schlieffen'']] and unaware of the poor results achieved during its attack on [[Convoys ONS 20/ON 206|convoys ONS 20 and ON 206]],
[[Befehlshaber der Unterseeboote]] (BdU) re-organized the boats then in the North Atlantic into patrol line [[Wolf pack Siegfried|''Siegfried'']] to continue the offensive. The next convoy subjected to an attack was ON 207.

==Protagonists==
ON 207 departed Liverpool on 18 October 1943, bound for [[New York City|New York]].
Composed of 52 ships it was escorted by Canadian escort group C-1, which comprised 3 [[destroyer]]s; {{HMS|Forester|H74|6}} (Cdr JA Burnett as Senior Officer Escort), [[HMS Cygnet (H83)|HMCS ''St Laurent'']] and {{HMCS|Assiniboine|I18|6}}, [[frigate]] {{HMS|Ettrick|K254|6}} and 3 [[corvette]]s; {{HMCS|Agassiz|K129|6}}, {{HMCS|Galt|K163|6}} and {{HMS|Celandine|K75|6}}. The escort was augmented by the [[escort carrier]] {{HMS|Biter|D97|6}}, with 3 [[sloop of war|sloops]] {{HMS|Crane|U23|6}}, {{HMS|Pheasant|U49|6}} and {{HMS|Chanticleer|U05|6}} as escort, 
and the [[Merchant aircraft carrier]] [[MV Amastra|''Amastra'']], though she had to return to base early in the voyage with storm damage.

BdU had established the patrol line ''Seigfried'' of 18 boats.
It consisted of 7 boats from the disbanded group [[Wolf pack Schlieffen|''Schlieffen'']], plus 11 others from bases in [[France]] and [[Germany]]. All the reinforcements were commanded by new skippers; 6 from Norway were also new boats, while the 5 from France were experienced boats with new commanders. 
The ''Siegfried'' boats had fuel problems, so a re-fueling group was established north of the Azores, of 3 [[German Type XIV submarine|U-tankers]] and a [[German Type VII submarine#U-flak|flak boat]] as escort.

When Allied intelligence learned of the position of ''Seigfried'', it was decided to force an engagement with the wolfpack; several [[HX convoys|HX]] and [[SC convoys]] in the area were diverted away, whilst ON 207 was left to continue on course, as a bait convoy for the U-boats. ON 207 was massively reinforced by two support groups, 2nd EG  commanded by [[Frederic John Walker|Capt FJ Walker]], and B-7 EG, commanded by Cdr P Gretton, which detached from a successful trip with ON 206.
2 EG comprised 4 sloops {{HMS|Starling|U66|6}}, {{HMS|Magpie|U82|6}}, {{HMS|Wild Goose|U45|6}} and {{HMS|Woodcock|U90|6}} and
was accompanied by the escort carrier {{HMS|Tracker|D24|6}}. (Two of 2EG's sloops were absent at the time). 
B 7 group at this point comprised 2 destroyers {{HMS|Duncan|D99|6}} and {{HMS|Vidette|D48|6}}, and 2 corvettes {{HMS|Loosestrife|3=2}} and {{HMS|Sunflower|K41|6}}. B-7 also had 2 corvettes detached.

==The Action==

On 23 October 1943 {{GS|U-274||2}} was sighted by a [[B-24 Liberator]] of [[No. 224 Squadron RAF]] attempting to make contact with the convoy. The  Liberator attacked, and was joined by escorts  ''Vidette'' and ''Duncan'' of B-7. They also attacked with depth charges, and ''U-274'' was destroyed with all hands.

On 26 October {{GS|U-91|1941|2}} was attacked by a Liberator of [[No. 10 Squadron RCAF]], but she escaped with little damage. Later in the day, another Liberator of 10 Squadron attacked and destroyed {{GS|U-420||2}}.

On 29 October B 7 detached to join ON 208, which was following several days behind; the group found {{GS|U-282||2}} shadowing the convoy. ''Duncan'', ''Vidette'' and ''Sunflower'' attacked with depth charges and [[Hedgehog (weapon)|Hedgehog]], and ''U-282'' was destroyed with all hands.

During the time ON 207 was in ''Siegfried''{{'}}s patrol area, none of its boats were able to launch an attack, and none of ON 207s ships were harmed by enemy action.

While this action was taking place, ''Siegfried''{{'}}s refuelling group was also under attack, from two USN [[Hunter-killer group]]s centred on the escort carriers {{USS|Block Island|CVE-21|6}} and {{USS|Card|CVE-11|6}}.
On the night of 25/26 October they attacked the U-tanker {{GS|U-488||2}}, though she escaped with no damage; on 28 October they attacked two U-boats, {{GS|U-220||2}}, which was destroyed, and {{GS|U-256||2}} which was damaged and forced to return to base.
On 31 October two more boats were attacked, ''U-91'', which escaped again, and {{GS|U-584||2}}, which was destroyed. Later that day, the destroyer {{USS|Borie|DD-215|6}} destroyed {{GS|U-405||2}} in a 72-minute duel, that also saw ''Borie'' fatally damaged, sinking later that day.

ON 207 continued to its destination, arriving at New York on 4 November 1943.

==Conclusion==

With 3 U-boats destroyed for no ships lost ON 207 was undoubtedly an Allied victory; but if Admiralty was hoping to inflict a crushing blow to UbW by wiping out an entire wolf pack, this success eluded them.
Most of the U-boats were unable to make contact, and those that did were unable to shadow effectively in order to bring the pack together. Possibly the escorts were unfamiliar with their role as bait, and were too efficient at keeping the pack away from the convoy.

Following ON 207 BdU re-configured ''Siegfried'' to form 3 sub-groups to cover a wider area, but this failed to produce results. Also BdU was realizing that the new weapons and tactics underpinning the Autumn offensive were not being successful; and following the attack on ON 207 no further North Atlantic convoys were seriously harmed.

==Table==

'''U-boats destroyed'''
{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;"
|-
! Date
! Number
! Type
! Captain
! Casualties
! Sunk by...
|-
| 23 October 1943
| ''U-274''
| VIIC
| O/L Jordan
| 48
| [[B-24 Liberator]] "Z" 224 Sqdn RAF<br/>''Vidette''<br/>''Duncan''
|-
| 26 October 1943
| ''U-420''
| VIIC
| O/L Reese
| 49
| B-24 Liberator "A" 10 Sqdn RCAF
|-
| 29 October 1943
| ''U-282''
| VIIC
| O/L Muller
| 48
| ''Duncan''<br/>''Vidette''<br/>''Sunflower''
|}

==References==
*{{cite book |last1=Blair |first1=Clay |title=Hitler's U-Boat War: The Hunted 1942-1945|year=1998 |isbn=0-304-35261-6|author-link=Clay Blair}}
*Peter Gretton : ''Convoy Escort Commander'' (1964).ISBN (none)
*Arnold Hague : ''The Allied Convoy System 1939–1945'' (2000). {{ISBN|1-55125-033-0}} (Canada). {{ISBN|1-86176-147-3}} (UK)
*{{Cite book |last=Kemp |first=Paul |title=U-Boats Destroyed, German submarine losses in the World Wars |publisher=Arms and Armour |year=1997 |isbn=1-85409-515-3 }}
*{{cite book |title=German U-Boat Losses During World War II |first=Axel |last=Niestle |publisher=Greenhill |date=1998 |isbn=1-85367-352-8}}
*[[Stephen Roskill]] : ''The War at Sea 1939–1945''   Vol III(1959).ISBN (none)

==External links==
*[http://www.convoyweb.org.uk/on/index.html ON 207 on Convoyweb]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Convoy On 207}}
[[Category:North Atlantic convoys of World War II|ON207]]
[[Category:Naval battles of World War II involving Canada]]