View source for Costa Concordia disaster

{{good article}}
{{Short description|2012 cruise ship sinking off the Italian coast}}
{{Italic title|string=Costa Concordia}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox event
| title = ''Costa Concordia'' disaster
| image = Collision of Costa Concordia 11.jpg
| image_size = 
| caption = Aground with rigid lifeboats in foreground and inflatables hanging from the side of the ship
| date = {{start date and age|2012|01|13|df=y}}
| time = 9:45{{nbsp}}p.m. [[Central European Time|CET]]
| timezone = 19:45 [[Coordinated Universal Time|UTC]]
| place = [[Tyrrhenian Sea]]<br/>Off of [[Isola del Giglio]], [[Tuscany]]
| coordinates = {{coord|42|21|55|N|10|55|18|E|type:event|display=it}}
| type = [[Ship grounding]]
| cause = Struck a rock while deviating from planned course
| participants = 4,252: {{blist|3,206 passengers|1,023 crew members}}
| outcome = 
| reported deaths = {{Tree list}}
* 33
** {{Tree list/branching}}
** 32 on board 
*** 27 passengers
*** 5 crew members
** {{Tree list/branching}}
** 1 during salvage
*** salvage diver 
{{Tree list/end}}
| reported injuries = 64
| reported missing = None
| reported property damage = 
| burial = 
| inquiries = 
| inquest = 
| coroner = 
| arrests = 
| suspects = 
| accused = 
| convicted = 
| charges = 
| verdict = 
| convictions = 
| litigation = 
| blank_label = Captain
| blank_data = [[Francesco Schettino]]
| blank1_label = Operator
| blank1_data = [[Costa Crociere]]
| blank2_label = Salvage
| blank2_data = {{Plainlist|
* Fuel and oil extraction: March 2012
* Righting: September 2013
* Refloated and towed: July 2014
* Scrapping finished in: July 2017
}}
| website = <!-- {{URL|example.com}} -->
}}

On 13 January 2012, the seven-year-old [[Costa Cruises]] vessel ''[[Costa Concordia]]'' was on the first leg of a cruise around the Mediterranean Sea when it deviated from its planned route at [[Isola del Giglio]], [[Tuscany]] in order to perform a [[sail-by salute]], sailed closer to the island than intended, and struck a rock formation on the sea floor. This caused the ship to [[angle of list|list]] and then to partially sink, landing unevenly on an underwater ledge. Although a six-hour rescue effort brought most of the passengers ashore, 32 people died: 27 passengers and 5 crew. A member of the salvage team also died following injuries received during the recovery operation. 

An investigation focused on shortcomings in the procedures followed by ''Costa Concordia''{{'s}} crew and the actions of her captain, [[Francesco Schettino]], who [[The captain goes down with the ship#Counter-examples|left the ship prematurely]]. He left about 300 passengers on board the sinking vessel, most of whom were rescued by helicopter or motorboats in the area. Schettino was found guilty of [[manslaughter]] and sentenced to 16 years in prison. Despite receiving its own share of criticism, Costa Cruises and its parent company, [[Carnival Corporation & plc|Carnival Corporation]], did not face criminal charges.

''Costa Concordia'' was declared a "[[constructive total loss]]" by the cruise line's insurer, and her [[Marine salvage|salvage]] was "one of the biggest maritime salvage operations". On 16 September 2013, the [[parbuckle salvage]] of the ship began, and by the early hours of 17 September, the ship was set upright on her underwater cradle. In July 2014, the ship was refloated using [[sponson]]s (flotation tanks) welded to her sides, and was towed {{convert|320|km|mi}} to her home port of [[Genoa]] for scrapping, which was completed in July 2017.

The total cost of the disaster, including victims' compensation, refloating, towing and scrapping costs, is estimated at $2 billion, more than three times the ship's $612 million construction cost. Costa Cruises offered compensation to passengers (to a limit of €11,000 per person) to pay for all damages, including the value of the cruise; one third of the survivors took the offer.

==Impact==
{{location map|Italy
|lat=42.36486
|long=10.92124
|caption=Location where ''[[Costa Concordia]]'' ran aground in 2012}}

[[File:Costa Concordia in Palma, Majorca, Spain.JPG|thumb|upright=1.1 |alt=MS ''Costa Concordia'' in Palma, Majorca in 2011 |MS ''Costa Concordia'' in Palma, Majorca, in 2011]]
''[[Costa Concordia]]'' ([[Maritime call sign|call sign]]: IBHD, [[IMO number]]: 9320544, [[Maritime Mobile Service Identity|MMSI number]]: 247158500), with 3,206 passengers and 1,023 crew members on board,<ref name="AP 2012-01-14" /> was sailing off [[Isola del Giglio]] on the night of 13 January 2012, having begun a planned seven-day cruise from [[Civitavecchia]], [[Lazio]], Italy, to [[Savona]] and five other ports.<ref name="guardian1" /> The port side of the ship struck a reef<ref name="nytimes1" /> at 21:42 or 21:45 local time.<ref name="telegraph1" /> The reef is charted as an area known as ''Le Scole'' ({{gloss|the rocks}} in the local dialect),<ref name="pcn1" /><ref name="charts1" /> about {{convert|800|m|yd}} south of the entrance to the harbour of [[Giglio Porto]], on the island's east coast.

The point of initial impact was {{convert|8|m|ft}} below water at Scola Piccola ({{gloss|little rock}}),<ref name="Crew Mutinied" /><ref name="telegraph2" /> the most seaward exposed rock of Le Scole, which tore a {{convert|35|m|ft|adj=on}} gash in ''Costa Concordia''{{'}}s [[port and starboard|port]] side below the [[waterline]].<ref name="BBC16573312" /> The impact sheared two long strips of steel from the ship's hull; these were later found on the seabed {{convert|92|to|96|m|ft}} from the main island.<ref name="Crew Mutinied" /><ref name="washingtonpost1" /> A few minutes after the impact, the head of the [[engine room]] warned the ship's captain, [[Francesco Schettino]], that the hull had an irreparable tear of {{convert|35|m|ft}}<ref name="lastampa1" /> through which water entered and submerged the generators and engines.<ref name="reuters1" />

Without propulsive power and no emergency electric power, ''Costa Concordia'' moved through [[inertia]] and the settings of her rudders,<ref name="COURT2012JAN17" /> and continued north from Le Scole until well past Giglio Porto. Schettino has said various instruments were not functioning.<ref name="CorrieredellaSeraProsecutor" /> Reports differ whether the ship listed to port soon after the impact and when she began listing to starboard.<ref name="BBC/Akwagyiram 2012-01-14" /><ref name="Sarzanini" /> At 22:10, ''Costa Concordia'' turned south. The vessel was then listing to starboard, initially by about 20°, coming to rest by 22:44<ref name="Harbour master log" /> at Punta Gabbianara in about 20 metres<ref name="bbc1" /> of water at an angle of heel of about 70°. Schettino attributed the final grounding of the ship at Punta Gabbianara to his own effort to manoeuvre it there; in contrast, on 3 February, the chief of the [[Corps of the Port Captaincies – Coast Guard|Italian Coast Guard]] testified that the final grounding of the ship may not have been related to any attempts to manoeuvre the ship<ref name="corriere1" /> and it may have simply drifted in the prevailing winds that night.<ref name="rina">{{Cite web |last=RINA |title=Costa Concordia - Passenger Evacuation |url=http://www.rina.org.uk/costa_concordia_passenger_evacuation.html |access-date=31 January 2016 |publisher=rina.org.uk |archive-date=29 April 2016 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20160429174704/http://www.rina.org.uk/costa_concordia_passenger_evacuation.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

===Situation on the bridge===
Schettino said that, before approaching the island, he turned off the alarm system for ''Costa Concordia''{{'}}s [[Inertial navigation system|computer navigation system]].<ref name="Corriere220112" /> "I was navigating by sight, because I knew those seabeds well. I had done the move three, four times."<ref name="Captain at Impact" /> He told investigators that he saw waves breaking on the reef and turned abruptly, swinging the side of the hull into the reef.<ref name="Reuters10Feb2012" /> Admitting to a "judgment error",<ref name="Reuters10Feb2012" /> Schettino acknowledged ordering the ship's turn too late.<ref name="bbc2" /> The captain initially said the ship was about {{convert|300|m|yd}} from the shore (about the length of the vessel) and hit an uncharted rock.<ref name="repubblica1" /> The ship's first officer, Ciro Ambrosio, told investigators Schettino had left his reading glasses in his cabin and repeatedly asked Ambrosio to check the radar for him.<ref name="mirror1" /><ref name="nbcnews1" />

Schettino claimed that [[Costa Cruises]] managers told him to perform a [[Sail-by salute|sail-past salute]] on the night of the disaster.<ref name="nationalpost2" /> The ship had taken a similar sail-past route on 14 August 2011, but not as close to Le Scole.<ref name="BBC 01-18" /> The 2011 sail-past was approved by the cruise line and was done in daylight during an island festival.<ref name="Captain at Impact" /> The normal shipping route passes about {{convert|5|mi|km|0|order=flip|abbr=on}} offshore.<ref name="maritimematters1" /><ref name="telegraph3" />{{refn | group = p |In August 2011, Giglio Porto's mayor, Sergio Ortelli, had thanked Captain Schettino for the "incredible spectacle" of a sail-past. Mayor Ortelli has now said, "It's a very nice show to see, the ship all lit up when you see it from the land. This time round it went wrong".<ref name="smh1" /> In August and September 2010, ''[[Costa Pacifica]]'' and ''[[Costa Allegra]]'', sister ships of ''Costa Concordia'', came within a mile of the island.<ref name="newsbank1" />}}

Costa Cruises confirmed that the course taken in 2012 was "not a defined [computer programmed] route for passing Giglio".<ref name="wsj-detained" />{{refn | group = p | Costa Cruises CEO Pier Luigi Foschi explained that the company's ships have computer-programmed routes and "alarms, both visual and sound, if the ship deviates by any reason from the stated route as stored in the computer and as controlled by the [[GPS]]", but that these alarms could be "manually" over-ridden.<ref name="bbc3" />}} In an interview with the Italian television channel [[Canale 5]] on 10 July 2012, Schettino said this was a contributing factor to the accident.<ref name="leggo1" /> In addition, at the captain's invitation, the ''[[maître d'hôtel]]'' of the ship, who was from Isola del Giglio, was on the ship's [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]] to view the island during the sail-past.<ref name="smh2" /> A further person on the bridge was a [[Moldova]]n dancer, Domnica Cemortan, who testified that she was in a romantic relationship with Schettino and had boarded the ship as a non-paying passenger.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Captain's 'lover' was on Concordia bridge |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-24733882 |access-date=29 October 2013}}</ref>

===Situation on deck===
Passengers were in the dining hall when there was a sudden, loud bang, which a crew member (speaking over the [[intercom]]) ascribed to an "electrical failure".<ref name="Daily Telegraph/Nikkhah 2012-01-14" /> "We told the guests everything was [okay] and under control and we tried to stop them panicking", a cabin steward recalled.<ref name="BBC/Akwagyiram 2012-01-14" /> During this time, "[[My Heart Will Go On]]" from ''[[Titanic (1997 film)|Titanic]]'' was playing in the dining hall.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.businessinsider.com/the-song-from-titanic-was-playing-as-the-costa-concordia-went-down-2012-1 | title=The Song from 'Titanic' Was Playing as the Costa Concordia Went Down | website=[[Business Insider]] }}</ref> The ship lost cabin electrical power shortly after the initial impact.<ref name="thedailybeast" /> "The [ship] started shaking. The noise—there was panic, like in a film, dishes crashing to the floor, people running, [and] falling down the stairs," reported a survivor. Those on board said the ship suddenly tilted to the port side.<ref name="BBC/Akwagyiram 2012-01-14" /> Passengers were later advised to put on their [[life jacket]]s.<ref name="Daily Telegraph/Nikkhah 2012-01-14" />

Half an hour before the abandon-ship order, one crew member was recorded on video telling passengers at a [[muster station]], "We have solved the problems we had and invite everyone to return to their cabins."<ref name="corriere11" /> When the ship later turned around, it began to list approximately 20° to the starboard side, creating problems in launching the [[Lifeboat (shipboard)|lifeboats]]. The president of Costa Cruises, Gianni Onorato, said normal lifeboat evacuation became "almost impossible" because the ship listed so quickly.<ref name="BBC 2012-01-15" />
<gallery mode="packed" align="center" widths="250" heights="120" perrow="2" caption="Maps of route">
File:Costa-concordia-route2.png|Route of Mediterranean cruise from Civitavecchia and back. Arrow: journey on first leg; star: impact with reef.
File:Costa-cordia-last-journey.png|Planned route (starting at 19:20 [[UTC+01:00|UTC+1]]) together with deviation (starting at 21:10 UTC+1) ending off Giglio
File:Costa-cordia-route-map.png|Deviation (from 21:30 UTC+1) leading to disaster (21:45 UTC+1) and grounding (23:00 UTC+1)<ref name="MITColl">{{Cite book |url=http://www.safety4sea.com/images/media/pdf/Costa_Concordia_-_Full_Investigation_Report.pdf |title=Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport investigation |publisher=Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport |year=2013 |pages=29, 34 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130612011448/http://www.safety4sea.com/images/media/pdf/Costa_Concordia_-_Full_Investigation_Report.pdf |archive-date=12 June 2013 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
File:Costa-concordia-routes.png|Route leading to disaster compared to route of 14 August 2011
File:Costa Concordia map 13-1-2012 (en) recoloured.png|Timeline of the disaster
File:Location of Costa Concordia cruise-ship disaster (13-1-2012)-2.png|Closeup of the disaster
</gallery>

==Rescue==
===Evacuation===
[[File:List of Costa Concordia.png|thumb|319x319px|List of ''Costa Concordia'' from impact at 20:45 (UTC) until complete rest at 03:00. Shift from port to starboard list takes place around the time of the u-turn.]]
In the first contact, made at 22:12, between the [[Port of Livorno]]'s harbormaster, a 37-year-old Coast Guard Petty Officer named Alessandro Tosi, and ''Costa Concordia'' after the impact on the reef, an unidentified officer on board the cruise ship insisted they were suffering only from an electrical "black-out" from a blown [[electrical generator]].<ref name="telegraph1" /> <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.vanityfair.com/culture/2012/05/costa-concordia-sinking-scandal-italy | title=The Costa Concordia Sinking: Inside the Epic Fight for Survival | website=[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]] | date=10 April 2012 }}</ref> 

A passenger's video recorded at 22:20 showed panicked passengers in life jackets being told by a crew member that "everything is under control" and that they should return to their cabins.<ref name="BBC592" /> No mandatory lifeboat passenger evacuation drill had taken place for the approximately 600 passengers who had just embarked prior to the voyage.<ref name="cnn1" /> Around the same time, a [[patrol boat]] of the [[Guardia di Finanza]] made a call to ''Costa Concordia'', but no answer came.<ref name="IlGiornale_altro_mistero" /> Schettino participated in three telephone calls with the cruise line's crisis management officer.<ref name="Sarzanini" />

At 22:26, Schettino told the Harbormaster that the ship had taken water through an opening in the port side and requested a [[tugboat]].<ref name="IrishIndependent_harbour_log" /> Port authorities were not alerted to the disaster until 22:42, about an hour after the impact, and the order to evacuate the ship was not given until 22:50.<ref name="CSMlies" /> Some passengers jumped into the water to swim to shore,<ref>{{Cite news |last=Akwagyiram, Alexis |date=14 January 2012 |title=Italy cruise ship Costa Concordia accident eyewitness accounts |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-16561382 |access-date=22 April 2021}}</ref> while others, ready to evacuate the vessel, were delayed by crew members up to 45 minutes, as they resisted immediately lowering the lifeboats.<ref name="NYTimes/Flegenheimer Pianigiani" /> Some sources report that the ship did not list until 23:15 and, therefore, if Schettino had given the order to abandon ship, the lifeboats could have been launched earlier, allowing the passengers to reach safety.<ref name="Crew Mutinied" /><ref name="Sarzanini" /> In contrast, one expert stated that a delay might be justified considering the hazards in launching lifeboats while a ship is still moving.<ref name="msn" /> Staff or 2nd captain Roberto Bosio is said to have coordinated some of the deck officers in much of the evacuation. He began to evacuate the ship before Schettino's order.<ref name="mirror2" /> Many junior officers and crew members who were aware of the severity of the situation also began readying lifeboats and moving passengers from their cabins before the abandon ship orders were given, a move that has been characterised as a "[[mutiny]]".<ref name="Crew Mutinied" /><ref name="reuters1" />

While the vast majority of the ship's multinational personnel held positions that did not require a [[able seaman|seaman]]'s qualifications (as they handled services like laundry, cooking, entertainment, cleaning, minding children, and waiting tables), according to a senior shipping official, they had received mandatory training in [[Basic Safety Training|basic safety]] to be able to help in situations like this. Although all of them spoke at least basic English, most spoke no Italian.<ref name="crew1" />

Several passengers asserted that the crew did not help or were untrained in launching the lifeboats. This allegation was denied by the crew, one of whom stated, "The crew members, whether Filipino or Colombians or Indians, tried to the best of our ability to help passengers survive the shipwreck. Comments by some of the passengers that we were unhelpful have hurt us."<ref name="indiancrew" /> A third engineer officer from the ship's engine room also pointed out that "Unlike the captain, we were there until the end. We did all we could to avoid catastrophe."<ref name="reuters1" /> Costa Cruises CEO Pier Luigi Foschi praised the crew and personnel, despite difficulties resulting from the apparent lack of direction from the ship's officers and problems in communication.<ref name="crew1" /> [[File:Collision of Costa Concordia 8.jpg|thumb|left|Rescued passengers huddle ashore]] Three people reportedly drowned after jumping overboard, and another seven were critically injured.<ref name="BBC 2012-01-14" /> The local fire chief said his men "plucked 100 people from the water and saved around 60 others who were trapped in the boat".<ref name="AFP" /> Five helicopters from the Italian [[Corps of the Port Captaincies – Coast Guard|Coast Guard]], [[Italian Navy|Navy]] and [[Italian Air Force|Air Force]] took turns airlifting survivors still aboard and ferrying them to safety.<ref name="npr1" />

According to investigators, Schettino had left the ship by 23:30.<ref name="repubblica11" /> In one telephone call from the Coast Guard to Schettino, Captain [[Gregorio de Falco]], a captain from [[Livorno]], repeatedly ordered Schettino to return to the ship from his lifeboat and take charge of the ongoing passenger evacuation. At one point in the call, de Falco grew so angry at Schettino's stalling that he raised his voice and told Schettino, "{{lang|it|Vada a bordo, [[Italian profanity|cazzo]]!}}{{-"}} (variously translated as "Get the fuck [back] on board!", "Get [back] on board, for fuck's sake!" or "Get on board, damn it!", depending on the source).<ref name="Transcription1EN" /><ref name="Audio1" /><ref name="Audio2" /><ref name="upenn1" /> One of these calls took place at 01:46.<ref name="Transcript1IT" /> Despite this, Schettino never returned to the ship from the lifeboat into which he claimed he had fallen.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Hooper |first=John |date=17 January 2012 |title=Francesco Schettino: the captain who refused to return to ship |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/17/francesco-schettino-captain-costa-concordia |access-date=1 February 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=9 December 2013 |title=Costa Concordia captain Francesco Schettino 'fled packed ship', court told |work=The Independent |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/costa-concordia-captain-francesco-schettino-fled-packed-ship-court-told-8994017.html |access-date=1 February 2018}}</ref>

At 01:04, an Air Force officer who was lowered on board by helicopter reported that there were still 100 people on board.<ref name="IrishIndependent_harbour_log" /> Father Raffaele Malena, the ship's [[Roman Catholic priest|priest]], said he was among the last leaving the ship at around 01:30.<ref name="telegraph6" /> The deputy-mayor of [[Isola del Giglio]], Mario Pellegrini, who went on board as part of the rescue operations, praised the ship's doctor and a young ''Costa Concordia'' officer, Simone Canessa, the only officer he met on board, for their help. He and Canessa were "shoulder to shoulder" until 05:30.<ref name="bbc5" /> One of the missing crewmen, a waiter, was last seen helping passengers.<ref name="indiancrew" /><ref name="vfair" />

At 03:05, 600 passengers were evacuated to the mainland by ferry. At 03:44, the Air Force officer reported that 40 to 50 people were still on board. At 04:46, the evacuation was noted as "complete" on the [[Port of Livorno]]'s Harbour Master log.<ref name="IrishIndependent_harbour_log" /> The next day, the survivors were transported to [[Porto Santo Stefano]], where the first centre for coordination and assistance was established.<ref name="ilfattoquotidiano1" /> Prime Minister [[Mario Monti]] announced his intention to propose to the [[Giorgio Napolitano|President of the Republic]] to grant the gold medal for civil valor to the common people of [[Isola del Giglio]] and [[Monte Argentario]] for their conduct during the rescue.<ref name="bbc6" />

===Search for missing people===
[[File:Collision of Costa Concordia DSC4191.jpg|thumb|upright=1.1|alt=Ship lying on the side, hull gash with boulder is seen below exposed waterline of ship|Wrecked ship with boulder in hull gash]]
Between 14 and 30 January 2012, rescue divers from the Italian Navy, Coast Guard, and [[Vigili del Fuoco]] (fire and rescue service)<ref name="Jones" /> searched within the ship for missing people. The head of the coast guard diving team described the conditions inside the ship, still perched on a {{convert|120|ft|0|adj=on|order=flip}} ledge, as "disastrous".<ref name="BBC_blast" /> Pitch-black conditions with large furniture drifting around made the rescue operation hazardous.<ref name="Denti" /> Divers would find a path into the ship and tie down obstacles such as mattresses, before making noise to alert trapped people.<ref name="telegraph7" /> 

The divers worked in pairs for safety (standard procedure for any diving operations, even for leisure) and searched each assigned area slowly in a zig-zag manner. The search dives were planned as 50 minutes in duration, with extra air tanks positioned within the ship in case of emergency. The divers had two headlamps positioned on their helmets because underwater visibility varied from approximately {{Convert|80 to 10|cm|sigfig=1}}. In addition, divers marked their route by trailing a line to be used to lead them back out in low visibility, similar to procedures used in recreational [[wreck diving]].<ref name="heraldsun2" />

On 14 January, divers searched the ship until nightfall.<ref name="nytimes3" /> Divers and firefighters continued to search for survivors who might have been trapped in the ship, and rescued a South Korean newlywed couple who slept through the partial sinking,<ref>{{Cite news |last=<!--Check author names--> |first= |title=S.Korea couple tell of 30-hour nightmare in sinking ship |work=Bangkok Post |url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/world/275365/s-korea-couple-tell-of-30-hour-nightmare-in-sinking-ship |access-date=2021-02-18}}</ref> only to awake and find that they could not open their cabin's door, two decks above the water line,<ref name="gazettelive" /> and the ship's [[purser]], who had a broken leg.<ref name="cnn3" />

On 16 January, violent waters shifted the ship about {{convert|1.5|cm|sigfig=1}}, interrupting rescue work<ref name="ABC" />—trap doors were shut and debris fell on rescuers<ref name="Jones" />—and giving rise to fear that the ship could be pushed into {{convert|224|ft|0|order=flip|adj=on}} deep waters<ref name="ABC" /> or that the fuel could leak.<ref name="time1" /> Operations resumed about three hours later.<ref name="ABC" /> Throughout the process, rescuers set off explosives to create holes in the ship's hull to reach previously inaccessible areas.<ref name="Denti" /><ref name="Kington" /><ref name="vancouversun1" /><ref name="CNN-15 dead" /> On 18 January, rescue efforts were suspended again when the ship shifted, but shortly afterward they were resumed.<ref name="Squires" />

On 20 January, the ship began shifting by {{convert|1.5|cm|in|sigfig=1}} per hour,<ref name="Squires" /> but on 24 January, [[Franco Gabrielli]], the Italian [[Protezione Civile|Civil Protection Agency]] head, said the ship was "stable".<ref name="Bertacche" /> The same day, divers recovered the body of the 16th victim.<ref name="BBC16702046" /> On 29 January, the operation was suspended because the ship had shifted {{convert|3.8|cm|in|1}} in six hours and because of high waves. Gabrielli said, "Our first goal was to find people alive ... Now we have a single, big goal, and that is that this does not translate into an environmental disaster."<ref name="AP 10 months" /> By the next day, operations resumed.<ref name="bloomberg1" />

On 28 January, the 17th body, that of a female crew member, was recovered from a submerged part of the vessel.<ref name="AP 10 months" /> On 31 January, Italy's Civil Protection agency terminated the search in the submerged part of the ship because the deformed hull caused unacceptable safety concerns for divers.<ref name="npr2" /> On 22 February, guided by information from passengers as to where bodies might be,<ref name="Kington2" /> divers found eight additional bodies in the wreck. A "special platform" was assembled to facilitate swift recovery of the bodies,<ref name="LA Times 25 dead" /> four of which were recovered. On 22 February, the recovery was suspended by inclement weather.<ref name="cnn4" /> On 4 March, officials reported that they would use "sophisticated robot-like equipment" to find the bodies.<ref name="nytimes4" />

On 22 March, another five bodies were discovered between the wreck and the seabed.<ref name="BBC 30 dead" />

On 15 January 2013, the final two bodies were thought to have been located (those of a female passenger and a male crew member), but they reportedly could not be recovered, because their location near the stern made their recovery inaccessible until the ship could be rotated. However, the companies performing the refloating operation denied finding any bodies.<ref name="news.discovery.com">{{Cite web |date=15 January 2013 |title=Costa Concordia Yields Two More Bodies |url=http://news.discovery.com/human/two-missing-bodies-likely-found-on-costa-concordia-130115.htm |access-date=29 July 2013 |publisher=News.discovery.com}}</ref>

The search for the two still missing bodies continued after the ship was uprighted on 17 September 2013. On 26 September 2013, unidentified remains were found near the central part of the ship, where they were last seen. The remains were subjected to [[DNA]] testing to determine their identity.<ref>{{Cite news |date=26 September 2013 |title=Bones found at Costa Concordia site |work=ANSA |url=http://www.ansa.it/web/notizie/rubriche/english/2013/09/26/Bones-found-Costa-Concordia-site_9364022.html |access-date=26 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=26 September 2013 |title=Human Remains Discovered at Costa Concordia Wreck Site |work=MAREX |url=http://www.maritime-executive.com/article/Human-Remains-Discovered-at-Costa-Concordia-Wreck-Site-2013-09-26/ |access-date=26 September 2013}}</ref><ref name="Povoledo">{{Cite news |last=Povoledo |first=Elisabetta |date=26 September 2013 |title=Italy: Bones Found Amid Shipwreck |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/27/world/europe/italy-bones-found-amid-shipwreck.html |access-date=28 September 2013}}</ref> On 8 October 2013, the family of missing crew member Russel Rebello was informed that a body believed to be his was found near the third deck at the stern of the ship.<ref name="Bacchi">{{Cite news |last=Bacchi |first=Umberto |date=8 October 2013 |title=Costa Concordia: Missing Hero Russel Rebello's Body Found Inside Salvaged Liner |work=International Business Times |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/articles/512268/20131008/costa-concordia-missing-victim-russel-rebello-body.htm |access-date=9 October 2013}}</ref><ref name="Lorenzi08102013">{{Cite news |last=Lorenzi |first=Rossella |date=8 October 2013 |title=Body Found Trapped Inside Costa Concordia |work=Discovery News |url=http://news.discovery.com/history/body-found-trapped-inside-costa-concordia-131008.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=9 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131009202359/http://news.discovery.com/history/body-found-trapped-inside-costa-concordia-131008.htm |archive-date=9 October 2013}}</ref><ref name="BBC08102013">{{Cite news |date=8 October 2013 |title=Costa Concordia wreck: Remains of Indian waiter 'found' |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-24444071 |access-date=9 October 2013}}</ref> Items on the body were reportedly identified as belonging to missing passenger Maria Grazia Trecarichi instead and on 24 October 2013 it was reported that DNA analysis confirmed it was her body.<ref name="Maria">{{Cite news |date=24 October 2013 |title=Concordia, sono di Maria Grazia i resti umani trovati al Giglio |language=it |trans-title=Concordia, human remains found at Giglio are that of Maria Grazia |work=La Nazione |url=http://www.lanazione.it/grosseto/cronaca/2013/10/24/971049-concordia-resti-dispersi-corpo.shtml |access-date=25 October 2013}}</ref><ref name="Thoman">{{Cite news |last=Thoman |first=Federico |date=11 October 2013 |title=Sì, quella è la catenina di mia madre |language=it |trans-title='Yes, that's my mother's necklace' |work=Corriere del Mezzogiorno |url=http://corrieredelmezzogiorno.corriere.it/catania/notizie/cronaca/2013/11-ottobre-2013/si-quella-catenina-mia-madre-2223464789250.shtml |access-date=12 October 2013}}</ref><ref name="Bacchi2">{{Cite news |last=Bacchi |first=Umberto |date=24 October 2013 |title=Costa Concordia: DNA Test Says Body Discovered is of Maria Grazia Trecarichi |work=International Business Times |url=http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/articles/516660/20131024/costa-concordia-missing-victim-maria-grazia-trecarichi.htm |access-date=30 October 2013}}</ref> Additional bone fragments of unknown identity were found in the wreck a few days after the body was found.<ref name="Bacchi2" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=15 October 2013 |title=Concordia, trovati altri frammenti ossei, forse sono i resti di Russel Rebello |language=it |trans-title=Concordia, more bone fragments found, possibly the remains of Russel Rebello |work=Il Messaggero |url=http://www.ilmessaggero.it/PRIMOPIANO/CRONACA/concordia_resti_ossa_russel_rebello/notizie/340120.shtml |access-date=16 October 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Lorenzi |first=Rossella |date=25 October 2013 |title=Missing Costa Concordia Victim Identified |work=Discovery News |url=http://news.discovery.com/history/missing-costa-concordia-victim-identified-131025.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=30 October 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131031072952/http://news.discovery.com/history/missing-costa-concordia-victim-identified-131025.htm |archive-date=31 October 2013}}</ref>

On 23 October 2013, it was announced that the search for the missing while the wreck was still in the water was completed as far as was technically possible. Depending on the outcome of identification analyses of remains already found, it was stated that further search activities might be conducted in the wreck for the missing crew member Russel Rebello after it has been removed from the water.<ref name="Bacchi2" /><ref>{{Cite news |date=23 October 2013 |title=Costa Concordia: completate le ricerche dei dispersi |language=it |trans-title=Costa Concordia: Search for missing completed |work=La Nazione |url=http://www.lanazione.it/grosseto/cronaca/2013/10/23/970629-costa-concordia-resti.shtml |access-date=24 October 2013}}</ref>

On 6 and 7 August 2014, divers found human remains on the wreck which was then moored in the port of Genoa.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Squires |first=Nick |date=6 August 2014 |title=Costa Concordia divers find human skull |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/11017198/Costa-Concordia-divers-find-human-skull.html |url-status=live |access-date=8 August 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140806234140/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/11017198/Costa-Concordia-divers-find-human-skull.html |archive-date=6 August 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=7 August 2014 |title=Bone fragments found on Costa Concordia |work=RTÉ News |url=http://www.rte.ie/news/2014/0806/635544-costa-concordia/ |access-date=8 August 2014}}</ref> On 3 November 2014, the final body was discovered in the wreckage of the ship.<ref name="Time3554633">{{Cite magazine |last=Kedney |first=Dan |title='Last' Victim Thought to Be Found From Costa Concordia |url=https://time.com/3554633/costa-concordia-ship-wreckage/ |magazine=Time |access-date=3 November 2014}}</ref>

==Wreck==
===Looting===
Numerous reports of the wreck site being infiltrated by looters and souvenir hunters were made following the disaster. Items stolen from the wreck include the [[ship's bell]],<ref>{{Cite news |last=Bone |first=James |title=Thieves raid Costa Concordia's jewellery shops and steal ship's bell |language=en |work=[[The Times]] |url=https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/thieves-raid-costa-concordias-jewellery-shops-and-steal-ships-bell-0h5wd9msfxw |access-date=2021-02-18 |issn=0140-0460}}</ref> cash registers, jewellery, furniture, artwork and various assorted smaller items. Sources at Costa Crociere indicated that the thieves may have gained access to the interior of the ship via entrances cut by search and rescue teams.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Experts: Costa Concordia equipment may not have been working before crash |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/business/travel/experts-costa-concordia-equipment-may-not-have-been-working-crash-flna1C6496546 |access-date=2021-02-18 |website=NBC News |date=16 October 2012 |language=en}}</ref>

===Securing wreck site and protecting environment===
[[File:Costa-barrier.svg|thumb|alt=position of wreck on the shore|Profile of stranded wreck with surrounding [[Boom (containment)|oil booms]]<ref name="USATodayTravelWreckSalvage" />]]

Authorities banned all private boats from [[Giglio Porto]] and excluded them from a {{convert|1|NM|m|0|adj=on|spell=in}} non-navigation zone around the ship.<ref name="AP 10 months" />

Poor weather conditions could have caused a spill of oil from the ship.<ref name="Migliaccio" /> A [[Boom (containment)|floating oil barrier]] was put in place as a precaution.<ref name="abs-cbnnews" /> High winds on 1 February lifted the protective barrier, allowing an oily film into the surrounding waters that began spreading from the stern of the ship.<ref name="seattlepi1" /> The protective boom was redesigned for the weather conditions.<ref name="spill-international1" />

On 7 February, Civil Protection director Franco Gabrielli told the [[Senate of the Republic (Italy)|Italian Senate]] that the waters were not completely clear of oil but are "within the legal limits".<ref name="UPI 7Feb2012" /> Environment Minister Corrado Clini told the [[Italian Parliament|Parliament of Italy]] that the amount of diesel fuel and lubricating oil on board ''Costa Concordia'' was about the cargo of a small oil tanker.<ref name="ReutersUS20120120" /> Clini said any oil leakage would be highly toxic for plant and animal life. In a first step to prevent pollution of the shore and assist in a refloat the ship, its oil and fuel tanks were emptied.

As part of the recovery effort, a group of about 200 giant fan mussels ''[[Pinna nobilis]]'' was manually relocated to a nearby area to avoid the threat posed by subsequent engineering work.<ref>{{Cite news |date=6 November 2012 |title=Protecting the Giant Mussels of the Italian coast |work=Euronews Science |url=http://www.euronews.com/2012/11/06/protecting-the-giant-mussels-of-the-italian-coast/ |access-date=12 March 2015 |archive-date=30 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150330003707/http://www.euronews.com/2012/11/06/protecting-the-giant-mussels-of-the-italian-coast |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=Giant mussels rescued from around shipwreck |url=https://www.reuters.com/video/2012/11/01/giant-mussels-rescued-from-around-shipwr?videoId=238824032 |website=Reuters}}</ref>

[[File:Pinnidae - Pinna nobilis-001.jpg|thumb|left|Giant [[Pinna nobilis|fan mussel]] of the type relocated away from the ''Costa Concordia'' wreck for fear of the threat posed by subsequent engineering work]]
Isola del Giglio lies within the [[Ligurian Sea Cetacean Sanctuary|Pelagos Sanctuary for Mediterranean Marine Mammals]],<ref name="discovery1" /> one of the [[Specially Protected Areas of Mediterranean Importance]]. It is a popular scuba diving destination, with tourism being its leading business. Island residents were concerned that the wreck would have a negative impact on tourism and, by extension, the island's economy because of its effect on the view in the area.<ref name="telegraph8" /> One resident explained, "Environmental damage is what concerns us most. If the oil pollutes the coast, we're ruined." Luigi Alcaro, head of maritime emergencies for Italy's Institute for Environmental Protection and Research (ISPRA), an agency of the Ministry of the Environment, stated that in a worst case, "[W]e could be talking years and dozens of millions of euros".<ref name="ReutersUS20120120" />

[[European Maritime Safety Agency|EMSA]]-contracted stand-by oil spill response vessel ''Salina Bay'' arrived at the site of ''Costa Concordia'' on 28 January and remained on station as a precautionary measure during the fuel removal operation.<ref name="spill-international2" /> ISPRA's Oceanographic Ship ''Astrea'' arrived in Tuscany on 29 January to conduct environmental investigations.<ref name="isprambiente1" /> On 9 February, the CEO of Costa Cruises told residents of Giglio the company would have a plan by mid-March to remove the ship. He also promised to minimise harm to their tourism businesses.<ref name="AFP update" />

The wreck came to rest on a rock ledge and there were concerns that it might slide into deeper water. The stability and deformation of the ship was monitored by satellite imagery and surface-based instruments.<ref name="gim-international1" /> Although the ship was not in "immediate risk" of slipping from its grounded position into deeper water, Environment Minister Clini told the Italian Senate on 8 February that "the risk for a collapse is quite real{{Nbsp}}... The more time passes, the weaker the hull becomes. We cannot guarantee that it has not been compromised already."<ref name="Lorenzi" /> On 29 January 2012, scientists had become "very concerned" that the ship had moved {{convert|3.5|cm|1}} over six hours that day.<ref name="McKenna" /> On 2 February, the ship shifted {{convert|3|in|cm|0|order=flip}} during seven hours.<ref name="telegraph9" /> Shifts and any high winds and high seas caused suspension of recovery and salvage operations.<ref name="McKenna" /><ref name="BBC 10 months" />

On 16 February, Civil Protection director Gabrielli "confirmed that the data registered is absent of anomalies". Another report based on sonar and laser measurements, and an ISPRA underwater video,<ref name="discovery11" /> indicated that the ship might collapse in its midsection because its weight was not supported between the rock spur supporting the bow and the rock spur supporting the stern, and said at the time that both of those rocks had "now started crumbling dramatically". Civil Protection director Gabrielli stated that report was reassuring in that "It shows that a part of the seabed has got into the hull, basically increasing the ship'[s] stability."<ref name="discovery2" /> It was also found that the hull was slowly collapsing under its own weight, making salvage more difficult and expensive.<ref>[http://maritime-connector.com/news/security-and-piracy/costa-concordia-hull-slowly-sinking-into-sea/ Costa Concordia hull slowly sinking into sea] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130731014215/http://maritime-connector.com/news/security-and-piracy/costa-concordia-hull-slowly-sinking-into-sea/ |date=31 July 2013 }}. Maritime Connector, 19 July 2013. {{retrieved|access-date=20 July 2013}}</ref>

===Salvage===
On 12 February 2012,<ref name="bbc7" /> after weeks of weather delays,<ref name="Migliaccio" /><ref name="Winfield" /><ref name="washingtonpost2" /><ref name="Reuters-salvage" /> Dutch salvage firm [[Smit International]], acting jointly with Italian company NERI SpA,<ref name="bloomberg2" /> started removing the vessel's 2,380 tonnes of [[heavy fuel oil]].<ref name="ReutersUS20120120" /> The 15 tanks that contained about 84% of the fuel in the vessel were emptied first and this operation was expected to take about 28 days.<ref name="AFP update" /><ref name="Winfield" /> The second phase involved the engine room, which had "nearly {{Convert|350|m3|disp=sqbr}} of diesel, fuel and other lubricants".<ref name="AP 10 months" /> The offloading process required fixing [[valve]]s to the underwater fuel tanks, one on top, one on the bottom. Hoses were then attached to the valves and as the oil, warmed to make it less viscous, was pumped out of the upper hose and into a nearby ship, it was replaced with sea water pumped in through the lower hose to fill the space, so as not to affect the ship's balance, a technique known as "hot-tapping".<ref name="Winfield" /><ref name="abc2" /><ref name="nationalpost3" />

{{Quote box|width=400px|title=Removal and clean-up plan
| quote = The operation (from June 2013 onwards) was delineated by Costa's Cristiano De Musso, Head of Corporate Communications, according to the following plan:<ref name="orlandosentinel1" />
* Site inspections of the ship and its position;
* Securing of the wreck to ensure on-going safety and stability;
* Installation of [[sponson]]s on port side of vessel and construction of submarine platforms;
* [[Parbuckling]] of the wreck, rotating it past a critical angle of about 24° from its resting position, beyond which the sponsons would be flooded and the ship would roll into a fully upright position on the underwater platforms;
* Installation of sponsons on the starboard side of the ship;
* Sponsons are dewatered to raise the ship from the bottom;
* Ship delivered to an Italian port for processing according to regulations;
* Cleaning and replanting of marine flora.
}}
By 20 February 2012, the tanks in the forward part of the ship, which had held about two-thirds of the fuel, had been emptied,<ref name="AP 21FEB2012" /> but the following day defuelling was suspended because of poor weather conditions.<ref name="Squires2" /> On 3 March 2012, salvage workers cut a hole in the ship for access to the engine room, the location of the remaining fuel.<ref name="AP a" /> On the morning of 12 March, defuelling operations resumed<ref name="agi2" /> and were completed on 24 March.<ref name="smit1" /><ref name="usatoday1" />

With defuelling complete, removal of the wreck began.<ref name="AP 10 months" /> On 3 February, Franco Gabrielli, the head of the Civil Protection Authority, told a meeting of residents of Giglio that the ship would be "refloated and removed whole" and not cut up for scrap on site. The CEO of Costa stated that after the breaches in the hull were sealed,<ref name="Jones2" /> the ship could be refloated, with difficulty, by giant inflatable [[buoy]]s and then towed away.<ref name="montrealgazette1" /><ref name="nationalpost4" /> The company invited 10 firms to bid for the contract to salvage the ship.<ref name="Squires 3 February" /> Six bids were submitted in early March<ref name="foxnews1" /> and the proposed removal plans were assessed jointly with the Civil Protection Scientific Committee.<ref name="Costa Cruises, Concordia Statement" /> The salvage operation was expected to commence in the middle of May.<ref name="Pullella" /> The operation, one of the largest ever ventured,<ref name="BBC23Jul2014">{{Cite web |date=23 July 2014 |title=Costa Concordia is towed away to Genoa for scrap |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-28437238 |publisher=BBC News Europe}}</ref> was predicted to take from 7 to 10 months, depending on weather and sea conditions.<ref name="BBC 10 months" />

By 12 April 2012, Costa Crociere had two [[Consortium|consortia]] in mind: Smit and NERI, or [[Crowley Maritime|Titan Salvage]] and [[Micoperi]]. On 21 April, it was announced that Florida-based marine salvage and wreck removal company Titan,<ref name="titansalvage1" /> with its partner company Micoperi, an Italian firm specialising in undersea engineering solutions, had been awarded the contract to refloat and tow ''Costa Concordia'' to a port on the Italian mainland.<ref name="cruisecritic" /> The salvage operation, using the port of [[Civitavecchia]] as its base was anticipated to begin in early May, take about 12 months<ref name="bbc8" /><ref name="bloomberg3" /> and cost $300&nbsp;million.<ref name="BBCNEWS17092013">{{Cite news |date=17 September 2013 |title=Salvaging the Costa Concordia |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-19962191 |access-date=17 September 2013}}</ref> Once in port, the ship would be dismantled and the materials sold as scrap.<ref name="cnn5" /> South African freelancer [[Nick Sloane (salvage expert)|Nick Sloane]] was appointed as "salvage master" to lead the operation.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Latza Nadeau |first=Barbie |date=16 September 2013 |title=Costa Concordia: Has master mariner in charge of salvage met his match? |publisher=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/13/world/costa-concordia-nick-sloane/index.html |access-date=18 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=17 September 2013 |title=Profile: Costa Concordia salvage master Nick Sloane |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-24123251 |access-date=18 September 2013}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Glenday |first=Craig |url=https://archive.org/details/guinnessworldrec0000unse_r3e7/page/158 |title=Guinness World Records 2014 |year=2013 |isbn=9781908843159 |pages=[https://archive.org/details/guinnessworldrec0000unse_r3e7/page/158 158]|publisher=Guinness World Records Limited }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=28 April 2012 |title=Costa Concordia Update: U.S. Salvage Company Wins Bid |publisher=Cruise Fever |url=http://cruisefever.net/0428-costa-concordia-to-be-floated-to-a-port-in-italy/ |access-date=28 April 2012}}</ref> The salvage plan included the following operations:<ref>{{Cite news |date=18 May 2012 |title=Costa Concordia salvage team prepares for 'largest refloat in history' |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/may/18/costa-concordia-salvage-team-refloat |access-date=18 May 2012}}</ref>
* Secure the hull to the land using steel cables, to stop it falling deeper<ref>{{Cite web |title=The parbuckling project |url=http://www.theparbucklingproject.com/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130728165028/http://www.theparbucklingproject.com/ |archive-date=28 July 2013 |access-date=30 July 2013}}</ref>
* Build a horizontal underwater platform below the ship
* Attach [[sponson]]s, to the [[port and starboard|port]] side of the hull
* Bring the hull to vertical, by winching (or [[Parbuckle salvage|parbuckling]]) the hull onto the platform
* Attach sponsons to the [[port and starboard|starboard]] side of the hull
* Refloat the hull and tanks
* Recovery tow to an Italian port

====Parbuckling====
:: {{see also|Parbuckle salvage#Righting of Costa Concordia}}
{{clear}}
{| style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto; width:560px;"
|-
!colspan=4|Principles of righting and refloating of ''Costa Concordia''
|-
|[[File:Costa-salvage1.png|140px]]
|[[File:Costa-salvage2.png|140px]]
|[[File:Costa-salvage3.png|140px]]
|[[File:Costa-salvage4a.svg|140px]]
|-
|style="text-align:center;"|1
|style="text-align:center;"|2
|style="text-align:center;"|3
|style="text-align:center;"|4
|-
|colspan=4|
(1) [[Funnel (ship)|Funnel]] (chimney) is removed and a submerged platform is built to support the ship. Steel [[sponsons]] are attached to the port side and partially filled with water.<br />(2) Cables roll the ship upright, helped by the water weight in the sponsons.<br />(3) Sponsons are attached to the starboard side.<br />(4) Water is pumped out of the sponsons to lift the ship so it can be towed away.<ref name=BBCNEWS17092013/>
|}

Preparatory work consisted of building an underwater metal platform and artificial seabed made of sand and cement on the downhill side of the wreck and welding [[sponson]]s to the side of the ship above the surface.<ref name="bbc Jan 2013" /> Once this was completed, the ship was pulled upright by cables over the course of two days and settled on the platform, a method called [[parbuckling]].<ref name="bbc Jan 2013" /> Additional sponsons would then be attached to the other side of the ship; both sets would be flushed of water and their buoyancy would refloat the ship to allow it to be towed away for demolition.<ref name="bbc Jan 2013" />

In June 2012, a barge was put in place, and the removal of the ''Concordia''{{'}}s radar, waterslide and funnel began before stabilisation of the ship to prevent further slippage down the sloped seabed.<ref name="cruisecritic" /> ''Concordia''{{'}}s funnel was cut off in December, and the salvage companies were in the process of building the underwater support structure by mid-January 2013.<ref name="bbc Jan 2013" /> On 16 September 2013, the parbuckling of the ship began.<ref name="bbc">{{Cite news |title=Costa Concordia in Italy freed from rocks |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-24104741 |access-date=16 September 2013}}</ref>

The operation to right the ship and free it from the rocks began on 16 September 2013 but was delayed by bad weather.<ref name="worldmaritimenews">{{Cite web |date=16 September 2013 |title=Bad Weather Delays Parbuckling Operations on Costa Concordia |url=http://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/93233/bad-weather-delays-parbuckling-operations-on-costa-concordia/ |access-date=16 September 2013 |publisher=World Maritime News |archive-date=21 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130921055912/http://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/93233/bad-weather-delays-parbuckling-operations-on-costa-concordia/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> Once the ship had been rotated slightly past a critical angle of 24° from its resting position, valves on the sponsons were opened to allow seawater to flood into them and the increasing weight of the water in the sponsons completed the rolling of the ship to the upright position at an accelerated pace, without further need of the strand jacks and cables.<ref>Live press conference video feed, 2013-09-16, 2315 CET</ref> The ship was returned to a fully upright position in the early hours of 17 September 2013, shortly before 3:00&nbsp;a.m. CET. {{As of|2013|9|16}} the salvage operation had cost over €600&nbsp;million ($800&nbsp;million).<ref>{{Cite news |date=16 September 2013 |title=Costa Concordia in Italy freed from rocks |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-24104741}}</ref> The final cost of the salvage came to be $1.2&nbsp;billion.<ref>{{Cite episode |title=Sunken Ship Rescue |series=Nova |series-link=Nova (American TV series) |last=Campbell |first=Colin |network=PBS |date=21 January 2015 |season=42 |number=2}}</ref>

====Images of righting of ''Costa Concordia''====
<gallery>
File:Costa_Concordia_parbuckling_07.jpg|The operation progesses slowly, at less than 2 degrees per hour. On the right are the port side sponsons.
File:Costa_Concordia_parbuckling_09.jpg|Sponsons ready to fill with sea water, nearing 24 degrees of rotation
File:Costa_Concordia_parbuckling_11.jpg|The morning after the parbuckling
File:Costa_Concordia_parbuckling_18.jpg|After parbuckling and before refloat, September 2013
File: Costa_Concordia_parbuckling_spectral_view_17.jpg|Starboard side of the righted ''Costa Concordia'', showing crush damage from the rock spurs upon which she had rested
</gallery>

====Refloating and removal====
Following the conclusion of the righting operation, the ship was kept on the platform while further inspections were made and the starboard sponsons attached. On 10 October 2013 a $30&nbsp;million option was taken with [[Dockwise]] for the use of the world's largest semi-submersible heavy lift vessel, ''[[Dockwise Vanguard]]'', to transport ''Costa Concordia'' as an alternative to conventional towing,<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 October 2013 |title=Dockwise to transport Costa Concordia |work=Maritime Journal |url=http://www.maritimejournal.com/news101/industry-news/dockwise-to-transport-costa-concordia |access-date=14 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=13 January 2014 |title=Costa Concordia tow away set for June |work=Marine Log |url=http://www.marinelog.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=6105:costa-concordia-tow-away-set-for-june&Itemid=230 |access-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> but ultimately the ''Concordia'' was indeed refloated and towed to Genoa in July 2014.

In December 2013, invitations were issued by Costa to 12 companies to tender for the dismantling of ''Costa Concordia'', in France, Italy, Norway, Turkey and the UK.<ref>{{Cite news |date=10 January 2014 |title=Costa Concordia wreck scheduled for removal in June |work=Seatrade Insider |url=http://www.seatrade-insider.com/news/news-headlines/costa-concordia-wreck-scheduled-for-removal-in-june.html |access-date=14 July 2014}}</ref> On 30 June 2014 the Italian Government endorsed Costa's decision to have the vessel dismantled at [[Genoa]] by Italian companies Saipem, Mariotti and San Giorgio.<ref>{{Cite news |date=30 June 2014 |title=Costa Concordia to be scrapped in Genoa |work=MarineLog |url=http://www.marinelog.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=6778:costa-concordia-to-be-scrapped-in-genoa&Itemid=228 |access-date=14 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=30 June 2014 |title=Costa Concordia will be scrapped in Genoa |work=MarineLog |url=http://www.marinelog.com/index.php?option=com_k2&view=item&id=6926:costa-concordia-will-be-scrapped-in-genoa&Itemid=231 |access-date=14 July 2014}}</ref>

On 1 February 2014 a Spanish diver working on the ''Costa Concordia'' wreck died after cutting his leg on a sheet of metal. He was brought to the surface alive by a fellow diver, but later died. This was the only death to occur during the ''Costa Concordia'' salvage operation.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Winfield |first=Nicole |title=Diver killed working on Costa Concordia shipwreck in Italy |date=2 February 2014 |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/diver-killed-working-costa-concordia-shipwreck-italy-n20651 |access-date=29 January 2017 |publisher=Associated Press}}</ref>

On 14 July 2014 salvage operators re-floated ''Costa Concordia'' off its submerged platform and towed the ship laterally a short distance from the coast.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Costa Concordia's refloating via time lapse |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JepIPOIP53Y |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140720201839/http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JepIPOIP53Y&list=PLZhRxE9191zOGgHxF7TE6bRC1ETO6ya3A |archive-date=2014-07-20 |access-date=15 July 2014 |website=Reuters |format=video |via=YouTube}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=16 September 2013 |title=Costa Concordia salvage operation begins |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-24104741#TWEET891257 |access-date=16 September 2013}}</ref><ref name="Guad-17Spet">{{Cite news |last=Davis |first=Lizzy |date=17 September 2013 |title=Costa Concordia righted after 'perfect' parbuckling salvage operation |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/sep/17/costa-concordia-upright-parbuckling-operation |access-date=17 September 2013}}</ref> On 23 July 2014, ''Costa Concordia'' began its final journey to the [[Port of Genoa]].<ref name="Davies">{{Cite news |last=Davies |first=Lizzy |date=23 July 2014 |title=Costa Concordia says goodbye to Giglio as it embarks on final voyage |work=The Guardian |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jul/23/costa-concordia-salvage-rotate-position-goodbye-giglio-genoa |access-date=23 July 2014}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=24 July 2014 |title=Costa Concordia makes final voyage to its scrapyard grave |url=http://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/costa-concordia-makes-final-voyage-to-its-scrapyard-grave/story-fnizu68q-1226999771994 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140803134330/http://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/costa-concordia-makes-final-voyage-to-its-scrapyard-grave/story-fnizu68q-1226999771994 |archive-date=3 August 2014 |access-date=3 August 2014 |website=News.com.au}}</ref>

==== Scrapping ====
On 27 July 2014, ''Costa Concordia'' arrived in Genoa where it was moored against a wharf that had been specially prepared to receive the vessel for dismantling.<ref>{{Cite news |title=Costa Concordia wreck enters Genoa port for scrapping |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-28508387 |access-date=3 August 2014}}</ref> On 11 May 2015, ''Costa Concordia'' was towed to the Superbacino dock in Genoa to remove the upper decks and superstructure.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Concordia Towing operations - update |url=http://shiprecycling.it/towing-operations-update/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150624162814/http://shiprecycling.it/towing-operations-update/ |archive-date=24 June 2015 |access-date=24 June 2015 |website=Ship Recycling Consortium}}</ref> The last of the sponsons were removed in August 2016 and the hull was taken into Genoa drydock No. 4 on the 1 September for final dismantling.<ref name="WMN201091">{{Cite web |date=2 September 2016 |title=Costa Concordia Sets Off on Final Voyage to Scrapyard |url=http://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/201091/costa-concordia-sets-off-on-final-voyage-to-scrapyard/ |access-date=4 September 2016 |publisher=World Maritime News}}</ref> Final scrapping of the ship was completed on July 7, 2017, with 53,000 tons of material having been recycled.<ref name="WMN225190">{{Cite web |date=14 July 2017 |title=Costa Concordia Saga Comes to an End |url=http://worldmaritimenews.com/archives/225190/costa-concordia-saga-comes-to-an-end/ |access-date=17 July 2017 |website=Offshore Energy |publisher=Navingo}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=https://insurancemarinenews.com/insurance-marine-news/costa-concordia-dismantling-recycling-complete/ | title=Costa Concordia dismantling and recycling complete | date=10 July 2017 }}</ref>

<gallery widths="150" heights="150">
File:Refloating crop.jpg|Wreck refloated, 20 July 2014
File:La-Costa-Concordia-entra-nel-Porto-di-Pra-27-luglio-2014 (cropped).jpg|Wreck departing Gigilo for [[Genoa]], 23 July 2014
File:2014 07 27 Arrivo Concordia (14) (cropped).jpg|Wreck arriving at Genoa, 27 July 2014
File:Costa Concordia in fase di ormeggio al terminal VTE (cropped).jpg|Wreck docked near Genoa, [[Pegli]] (''Porto di Prà''), 27 July 2014
File:Genova Riparazioni Navali e Costa Concordia - panoramio (Costa Concordia).jpg|Wreck after being lighten and relocated to the Superbacino dock in Genoa, 28 August 2015
File:Costa Concordia Abwracken.jpg|The wreck, with its superstructure being dismantled, in the Superbacino dock in Genoa, 12 September 2015
File:Costa Concordia scrapping 2017-01-10-17-05-37 (39495820581).jpg|The wreck in its final stage of demolition in drydock No. 4 Genoa, 10 January 2017
File:Genoa (Italy)-Génova (Italia) - 50550421238 (Dry Dock) (Costa Concordia).jpg|The wreck near the end of its final stage of demolition, with keel visible, in drydock No. 4 Genoa, 10 June 2017
</gallery>

====Site remediation====
After the wreck of ''Costa Concordia'' was towed away, Costa Crociere put Micoperi in charge of the salvage site remediation.<ref>{{Cite web |date=25 June 2015 |title=Bonifica post Concordia: via le piattaforme entro l'estate |trans-title=Post Concordia reclamation: the platforms will be off by the summer |url=http://www.giglionews.it/2015/06/25/bonifica-post-concordia-via-le-piattaforme-entro-lestate/ |access-date=29 July 2016 |website=Isola del Giglio - GiglioNews |language=it |format=AgenziaImpress}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=MICOPERI has always been involved in supporting the local community |url=http://www.micoperi.com/en/micoperi-social/micoperi-has-always-been-involved-supporting-local-community |access-date=29 July 2016 |archive-date=11 October 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161011190121/http://www.micoperi.com/en/micoperi-social/micoperi-has-always-been-involved-supporting-local-community |url-status=dead }}</ref> This project is also known as phase WP9.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 August 2015 |title=Bonifica fondali al cantiere "Costa Concordia" |language=it |trans-title=Seabed remediation at the "Costa Concordia" construction site |url=http://www.maremmanews.it/ambiente/26792-bonifica-fondali-al-cantiere-costa-concordia |access-date=29 July 2016 |archive-date=19 August 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160819083700/http://www.maremmanews.it/ambiente/26792-bonifica-fondali-al-cantiere-costa-concordia |url-status=dead }}</ref> Initially, $85 million was assigned to the project, which was to start at the end of 2014, and take about 15 months for its completion. The main activities included ocean floor cleaning, anchor block removal, grout bag removal, and platform removal.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 November 2014 |title=Pulizia fondali: un contratto da 85 milioni di dollari |trans-title=Seabed Cleaning: $ 85 million contract |url=http://www.giglionews.it/2014/11/30/pulizia-fondali-un-contratto-da-85-milioni-di-dollari/ |access-date=29 July 2016 |website=Isola del Giglio - GiglioNews |language=it |format=Crociere Ufficio Stampa Costa}}</ref> The project continued into May 2018. The entities involved regularly published details of the activity.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Ricerca per "relazione quindicinale" |url=http://www.giglionews.it/search/relazione+quindicinale/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807030822/http://www.giglionews.it/search/relazione+quindicinale/ |archive-date=7 August 2016 |access-date=29 July 2016 |website=Isola del Giglio - GiglioNews}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=11 May 2018 |title=Parte oggi la Micoperi 30, mercoledì incontro pubblico |url=http://www.giglionews.it/2018/05/12/parte-oggi-la-micoperi-30-mercoledi-incontro-pubblico/ |access-date=15 May 2018 |website=Isola del Giglio - GiglioNews}}</ref>

===Ship remnants and artifacts===
The entirety of ''Costa Concordia'' was recycled during her scrapping. The first phase of this effort, which began on 16 October 2014, centered upon the removal of all the furniture and interior structures within the ship, as well as waste found in the secured parts of the ship.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Mannella|first=Marco|title=Le démantèlement du Costa Concordia |trans-title=The dismantling of the Costa Concordia|url=http://www.lecostaconcordia.com/0014-le-demantelement.htm |website=L'histoire du naufrage du Costa Concordia|language=fr|access-date=31 August 2023|archive-date=1 September 2023|archive-url=https://archive.today/20230901035053/http://www.lecostaconcordia.com/0014-le-demantelement.htm}}</ref>

==Loss and compensation==
===Passengers and personnel===
<!--{| width="40%" class="wikitable" style="float:right; font-size:85%; text-align:left; margin-left:2em"-->
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="float:right; margin-left:2em; text-align:left; font-size:75%"
|+ Passenger and crew numbers by nationality
|-
! Nationality !! data-sort-type="numeric"|Passengers
|-
|  {{Flag|Italy}} || 989
|-
|  {{Flag|Germany}} || 569
|-
|  {{Flag|France}} || 462
|-
| {{Flag|Philippines}} || 296
|-
| {{Flag|India}}<ref name="indiancrew" /> || 202
|-
|  {{Flag|Spain}} || 177
|-
|  {{Flag|Indonesia}} || 170
|-
|  {{Flag|United States}} || data-sort-value=127.5 | 126–129 <!-- Be sure to tweak the data-sort-value if better figures can be acquired-->
|-
|  {{Flag|Croatia}} || 127
|-
|  {{Flag|Russia}} || 111
|-
|  {{Flag|Austria}} || 74
|-
|  {{Flag|Switzerland}}<ref name="Argentineresc" /> || 69
|-
|  {{Flag|Brazil}}<ref name="Veja" /> || 57
|-
|  {{Flag|Ukraine}}<ref name="un1" /> || 45
|-
|  {{Flag|Japan|Japaneses}} || 43
|-
|  {{Flag|Netherlands}}<ref name="rnw1" /> || 42
|-
|  {{Flag|United Kingdom}} || 37
|-
|  {{Flag|South Korea}}<ref name="asiae1" /> || 34
|-
|  {{Flag|Hong Kong}} || 26
|-
| {{Flag|Australia}}<ref name="couriermail1" /> || 21
|-
| {{Flag|Argentina}}<ref name="Argentineresc" /> || data-sort-value=17.5 | 17–18 <!--As above, as below.-->
|-
|  {{Flag|Taiwan}} || 13
|-
|  {{Flag|Canada}}<ref name="cbc1" /> || 12
|-
|  {{Flag|China}} || 12
|-
|  {{Flag|Poland}} || 12
|-
|  {{Flag|Dominican Republic}}<ref name="almomento1" /> || 12
|-
|  {{Flag|Hungary}} || 11
|-
|  {{Flag|Portugal}} || 11
|-
|  {{Flag|Chile}} || 10
|-
|  {{Flag|Colombia}} || 10
|-
|  {{Flag|Romania}}<ref name="stirileprotv1" /> || 10
|-
| {{Flag|Kazakhstan}}|| 9
|-
|  {{Flag|Turkey}}<ref name="Argentineresc" /> || 9
|-
|  {{Flag|Bulgaria}} || 8
|-
|  {{Flag|Peru}}<ref name="elcomercio1" /> || 8
|-
|  {{Flag|Belgium}}<ref name="deredactie1" /> || 6
|-
| {{Flag|Moldova}}|| 6
|-
| {{Flag|Nepal}}|| 6
|-
|  {{Flag|Sweden}}<ref name="aftonbladet1" /> || 5
|-
| {{Flag|Venezuela}}|| 5
|-
|  {{Flag|Denmark}} || 4
|-
|  {{Flag|Israel}} || 4
|-
|  {{Flag|Serbia}} || 4
|-
| {{Flag|Sri Lanka}}|| 4
|-
| {{Flag|Belarus}}|| 3
|-
| {{Flag|Greece}}|| 3
|-
|  {{Flag|Honduras}} || 3
|-
| {{Flag|Iran}}|| 3
|-
|  {{Flag|Ireland}}<ref name="dr1" /> || 3
|-
|  {{Flag|North Macedonia}} || 3
|-
| {{Flag|Albania}}|| 2
|-
| {{Flag|Algeria}}|| 2
|-
| {{Flag|Cuba}}|| 2
|-
| {{Flag|Ecuador}}|| 2
|-
|  {{Flag|Finland}}<ref name="kaleva_finnishpax" /> || 2
|-
|  {{Flag|Mexico}}<ref name="televisa" /> || 2
|-
|  {{Flag|Paraguay}} || 2
|-
|  {{Flag|South Africa}} || 2
|-
| {{Flag|Andorra}}|| 1
|-
| {{Flag|Bosnia and Herzegovina}}|| 1
|-
| {{Flag|Czech Republic}} || 1
|-
| {{Flag|Lithuania}} || 1
|-
| {{Flag|Morocco}}|| 1
|-
| {{Flag|New Zealand}}<ref name="stuff1" /> || 1
|-
| {{Flag|Norway}}|| 1
|-
| {{Flag|Uruguay}}|| 1
|- class="sortbottom"
|- colspan=4 style="text-align:left;"
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: left; float: right; margin-right: 0; margin-left: 1em; font-size:75%"
|+ Fatalities by nationality<ref name="Maria" /><ref name="canada1" /><ref name="official list" /><ref name="NBC3Nov">{{Cite news |date=3 November 2014 |title=Italy: Corpse Found in Costa Concordia Wreck 'Assumed' to Be Russel Rebello |work=NBC News |url=https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/italy-corpse-found-costa-concordia-wreck-assumed-be-russel-rebello-n239981 |access-date=3 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
! rowspan="2" | Nationality || colspan="2" | Fatalities
|-
!Passenger
!Crew
|-
| {{Flag|Germany}} || 12
|0
|-
| {{Flag|Italy}} || 6
|1
|-
| {{Flag|France}} || 6
|0
|-
| {{Flag|Peru}}|| 0
|2
|-
| {{Flag|United States}}|| 2
|0
|-
| {{Flag|Hungary}} || 0
|1
|-
| {{Flag|India}} || 0
|1
|-
| {{Flag|Spain}} || 1
|0
|-
| '''Total''' || '''27'''
|'''5'''
|}

A majority of the passengers on board were Italian, German, or French nationals. The crew consisted of citizens of around 40 countries.<ref name="crew1"/> Some were Italians (including the captain and all the officers),<ref name="bbc2rescued"/><ref name="perfect"/> but 296 [[Filipinos]] and 202 Indians made up approximately half of the personnel.<ref name="crew1"/><ref name="indiancrew"/><ref name="indiatimes1"/> Other nationalities include 170 Indonesians,<ref name="indonesians"/> six Brazilians,<ref name="Veja"/><ref name="HooperCapt"/> and an unspecified number of Britons, Chinese, Colombians, Hondurans, Peruvians, Russians, and Spaniards.<ref name="crew1"/><ref name="bbc2rescued"/><ref name="wna"/> 32 people are known to have died,<ref name="Maria"/><ref name="NBC3Nov" /><ref name="32 dead"/> and 64 others were injured. Three people (a South Korean newlywed couple and one crewman) trapped inside the ship were rescued more than 24 hours after the accident.<ref name="Reuters/Jones Denti"/> The body of the last missing person, Indian crew member Russel Rebello, was recovered on 3 November 2014.<ref name="NBC3Nov"/>

On 27 January 2012, Costa posted the compensation package offered to uninjured passengers on its website. The compensation comprised a payment of €11,000 per person to compensate for all damages (including loss of baggage and property, psychological distress, loss of enjoyment of the cruise) and reimbursement for a range of other costs and losses, including reimbursement for the value of the cruise, for all air and bus travel costs included in the cruise package, for all travel expenses to return home, for all medical expenses arising from the event, and for all expenses incurred on board during the cruise.{{refn| group=p|After certain emergency disembarkations and other events, the cruise ship operator is required to compensate passengers €10,000 each.<ref name="Sarzanini" />}}

Costa also promised the return of all property stored in cabin safes, to the extent recoverable, and to grant passengers access to a programme for "psychological assistance". Costa stated that these payments would not be offset against or impact any amount an insurance policy pays to the passenger. The offer to uninjured passengers was effective until 31 March 2012; as to the families of the dead and missing, separate proposals were to be offered "based on their individual circumstances."<ref name="Washington Post 14FEB2012" /> For a time, Costa permitted its customers to cancel any future cruises booked with them, without penalty.<ref name="Costa Cruises, Concordia Statement" /> One-third of the passengers accepted the offer of €11,000 compensation.<ref name="Squires2" /> The trade union representing the crew negotiated compensation packages. Crew members were paid wages for a minimum of two months or, if longer, their full contract term. They also received reimbursement for expenses and up to £2,250 for lost personal property.<ref name="blogs.mirror1" />

As well as compensation, survivors of the ''Concordia'' disaster have called for safety improvements to be made. A lawyer heading the team representing the victims said that it was "clear that the initial grounding of ''Costa Concordia'' could have been avoided and that subsequent failings in carrying out the evacuation process made a very bad situation far worse".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Garner |first=Clive |date=10 January 2013 |title=Concordia Survivors Call For Safety Improvements As Anniversary of Cruise Disaster Approaches |publisher=Irwin Mitchell |location=Sheffield |url=http://www.irwinmitchell.com/newsandmedia/2013/january/concordia-survivors-call-for-safety-improvements-as-anniversary-of-cruise-disaster-approaches |access-date=8 July 2013}}</ref>

On 23 February 2012, the Environment Ministry announced it would be "taking legal action" against Costa Cruises regarding a "possible" claim for "possible environmental damage" and the cost of salvage.<ref name="AFP 24Feb" />

===Ship===
Industry experts believed the ship to be a [[constructive total loss]] early on in the salvage efforts, with damages of at least US$500&nbsp;million.<ref name="totaled" /> Pier Luigi Foschi, CEO of Costa, told an [[Italian Senate]] committee hearing "we believe that the wreck can no longer be put in use".<ref name="adelaidenow1" /> Shares in the Carnival Corporation, the American company that jointly owns (with Carnival plc) Costa Cruises, initially fell by 18% on 16 January 2012 following a statement by the group that the grounding of the ship could cost Carnival Corporation up to US$95&nbsp;million (€75&nbsp;million, [[Pound Sterling|£]]62&nbsp;million). Carnival Corporation later increased the estimated financial impact in fiscal year 2012 to include a reduction in net income of $85&nbsp;million to $95&nbsp;million, an estimated insurance excess of an additional $40&nbsp;million, and $30–40&nbsp;million in "other incident-related costs".<ref name="online.wsj1" />

The insurance excess on the vessel was $30&nbsp;million (€23.5&nbsp;million, £19.5&nbsp;million).<ref name="BBC16573283" /> The group of cruise lines jointly owned by [[Carnival Corporation & plc|Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc]] constitutes 49 percent of the worldwide cruise ship industry<ref name="businessweek1" /> and owns 101 ships, of which ''Costa Concordia'' represented 1.5% of capacity.<ref>{{cite news |author1=Joann S. Lublin |author2=Mike Esterl |title=Carnival CEO Lies Low After Wreck |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204624204577177131752006116 |access-date=25 August 2022 |work=Wall Street Journal |date=23 January 2012}}</ref> Booking volume for Carnival's fleet, excluding Costa, in the 12 post-accident days was down by "the mid-teens" as a percentage of year-earlier bookings.<ref name="miamiherald1" />

==Investigations==
The Italian Marine Casualty Investigation Central Board (''Commissione centrale di indagine sui sinistri marittimi'', CCISM),<ref name="LloydsCritic">McMahon, Liz. "[http://www.lloydslist.com/ll/sector/regulation/article414810.ece Italy's Costa Concordia investigation report still not released]." ([http://www.groupe-eyssautier.com/fr/actualites/revue-de-presse/italy-s-costa-concordia-investigation-report-st.html?PHPSESSID=nj1mfn0utqom2nltvem6ct07e4 Alternate location], [https://web.archive.org/web/20131015104605/http://www.groupe-eyssautier.com/fr/actualites/revue-de-presse/italy-s-costa-concordia-investigation-report-st.html?PHPSESSID=nj1mfn0utqom2nltvem6ct07e4 Archive]) ''[[Lloyd's List]]''. Friday 11 January 2013. Retrieved 4 May 2013. "THE Italian Marine Casualty Investigation Central Board, the body charged with the technical investigation 12 months of the incident. This highlights the difficulty that the..." and "In early 2012 the commission set out the regulatory framework for each European Union member state to create its own independent maritime accident investigation unit. However, Italy did not have such a unit, which left the responsibility in the case of Costa Concordia with the flag state."</ref><ref>"[http://www.mit.gov.it/mit/site.php?p=normativa&o=vd&id=59 Circolare N. 23 Prot. 00058884/Sic.Nav./Sinistri del 08/08/2001]." ([https://web.archive.org/web/20131024140555/http://www.mit.gov.it/mit/site.php?p=normativa&o=vd&id=59 Archive]) [[Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport (Italy)|Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport]]. Retrieved 4 May 2013. "Comando Generale delle Capitanerie di Porto Commissione centrale di indagine sui sinistri marittimi Viale dell'Arte, 16 – 00144 ROMA"</ref> a unit of the [[Corps of the Port Captaincies – Coast Guard]], conducts the technical investigations of maritime accidents and incidents within Italian-controlled waters.<ref name="guardiacostiera1" /> On 6 February, the [[International Chamber of Shipping]], representing shipowners' associations, called for the "earliest possible publication of the Italian accident investigations".<ref name="maritime-executive1" /> International experts said that it was too early to speculate on why the vessel [[capsized|partially sank]] despite its watertight compartments but that the size of the vessel is unlikely to have been an issue.<ref name="Lucy Carne" /><ref name="bbc-How safe" /> Tuscany's prosecutor general said that the investigation would seek to find causes for various aspects of the event, and beyond Schettino to other persons and companies.<ref name="CorrieredellaSeraProsecutor" /> 

By January 2013 the technical investigation report had not yet been released. ''[[Lloyd's List]]'' said that the casualty investigation board "roundly" received criticism for not having released the investigation yet. The board said the investigation was delayed because the Italian prosecuting team had seized important information, including the voyage recorder.<ref name="LloydsCritic" />

Judge Valeria Montesarchio summoned survivors to testify at a hearing convened on 3 March in [[Grosseto]].<ref name="Lorenzi" /> The captain tested negative for drug and alcohol use, but one group that sued Costa Cruises and that leaked the test results disputed the tests as unreliable.<ref name="france24-captain passes drug test" /> On 24 February 2012, prosecutors alleged that Schettino had "slowed down the ship so that he could finish dinner in peace" and, to compensate for lost time, increased the speed to {{convert|16|kn|km/h|0}} just before the sail-past.<ref name="telegraph-captain-changed-ships-speed" /> 

On 2 February 2012, the prosecutor's office in Paris, France opened a preliminary inquiry to question survivors to establish any criminal liability and "assess psychological damage".<ref name="reuters2" /> 

[[Germany]] stopped cooperating with Italy in investigating the accident in December 2015 after the [[Federal Bureau for Maritime Casualty Investigation]] was prevented from carrying out a proper investigation by Italian public prosecutors and courts.<ref>[[Norddeutscher Rundfunk]]: [https://www.ndr.de/der_ndr/presse/mitteilungen/Scharfe-Kritik-an-italienischen-Ermittlungen-bei-Schiffsungluecken-Bundesbehoerde-stellt-Zusammenarbeit-mit-Italien-ein,pressemeldungndr16618.html ''Scharfe Kritik an italienischen Ermittlungen bei Schiffsunglücken - Bundesbehörde stellt Zusammenarbeit mit Italien ein'', December 7, 2015] (German)</ref>

===Criminal proceedings against officers===
[[Francesco Schettino]] (born 1960 in [[Meta, Campania|Meta]], [[Province of Naples|Naples]]), who had worked for Costa Cruises for 11 years,<ref name="bbc2rescued" /> and [[First mate|First Officer]] Ciro Ambrosio were arrested.<ref name="Daily Telegraph/Nikkhah 2012-01-14" /><ref name="AFP" /> The captain was detained on suspicion of manslaughter and for violations of the Italian Penal Code and Code of Navigation on three specifications — of his having caused the shipwreck "owing to&nbsp;... imprudence, negligence and incompetence" resulting in deaths; having abandoned about 300 people "unable to fend for themselves"; and "not having been the last to leave" the shipwreck.<ref name="COURT2012JAN17" /><ref name="timesofmalta-captain-left-ship" /> They were questioned on 14 January.<ref name="CNN 2012-01-14" />

At the validation hearing of 17 January 2012, the Court of Grosseto charged Schettino and Ambrosio with the results from the records of investigation compiled immediately after the event, including the first report of the coast guard of Porto Santo Stefano of 14 January 2012, the summary testimonial information given by the members of the ship's crew, the chronology of events of the Harbour Office of the Port of Livorno, the [[Automatic Identification System|AIS]] recording on record, and the {{Clarify span|PG Annotation|date=November 2023}} of the Harbour Office of the Port of Livorno.<ref name="COURT2012JAN17" /> 

Schettino was released from jail on 17 January but was placed under [[house arrest]].<ref name="Denti" /> The house arrest order included an "absolute prohibition against going away or communicating by any means with persons other than his cohabitants".<ref name="COURT2012JAN17" /> On 7 February, the Court decided to continue Schettino's house arrest.<ref name="cnn-captain must remain under house arrest" /> On 23 February, two additional charges, of "[[Abandonment of ship|abandoning]] incapacitated passengers and failing to inform maritime authorities" were levied against Schettino.<ref name="Ognibene" /> His pretrial hearing was scheduled for 20 March.<ref name="Reuters10Feb2012" /> On 5 July 2012, Schettino was released from house arrest but mandated to reside in [[Meta di Sorrento]].<ref name="ilgiornale-Schettino torna libero" /><ref name="travel.usatoday-Judge-lifts-house-arrest" />

Officials were initially trying to determine why the ship did not issue a [[mayday]] and why it was navigating so close to the coast. The delay in the evacuation request was also unexplained.<ref name="UPI 2012-01-14" />

On 11 February 2012, [[TG5]] broadcast a video of the commotion on the bridge following the impact with the reef. In the video, when one officer said, "Passengers are getting into the lifeboats", Schettino responded "''vabbuò''{{-"}} (a [[Neapolitan language|Neapolitan]] [[colloquialism]] which stands for "whatever", "fine", or "ok"). The magistrate in charge of the inquiry remarked, "This is new to us—I've just seen it for the first time."<ref name="telegraph-Video-footage" />

On 19 February, the [[Associated Press]] reported that traces of cocaine had been found on Schettino's hair samples, "but not within the hair strands or in his urine—which would have indicated he had used the drug".<ref name="abcnews.go-Lawyers: Cocaine" /> A 2015 report indicated that the ship had been carrying a large amount of [[Italian mafia|mafia]]-owned cocaine when it sank, although senior officers were likely not aware it was on board.<ref>{{Cite web |date=30 March 2015 |title=Costa Concordia: Shipment of Mob drugs was hidden aboard cruise liner when it hit rocks off Italian coast, investigators say |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/costa-concordia-shipment-of-mob-drugs-was-hidden-aboard-cruise-liner-when-it-hit-rocks-off-italian-coast-investigators-say-10144558.html |website=The Independent}}</ref>

On 22 February 2012, four officers who were on board and three managers of Costa Cruises were placed formally "under investigation" and "face charges of manslaughter, causing a shipwreck and failing to communicate with maritime authorities".<ref name="google-Cruise operator caught up" /><ref name="bbc-Eight more bodies" />

===Recorded evidence===
One of the ship's [[voyage data recorder]]s (VDRs), which was designed to float, was recovered. Another, containing different data, was located on 17 January.<ref name="edition.cnn-Decision looms" /> A third was in a submerged part of the ship, difficult to reach.<ref name="repubblica-Nave affondata" /> On 19 January 2012, all the data storage devices from the ship's control panel, including [[hard disk]]s, were recovered.<ref name="ansa-FOTO: Sub al lavoro" /> One of the hard disks contained videos from cameras located near the control board, which were expected to reveal the movements of the ship's captain and officers.<ref name="IlGiornale_altro_mistero" /> The chief prosecutor received from the [[Guardia di Finanza]] a video, taken from their patrol boat, that filmed the ship between 22:30 and 23:10 or at 23:20.<ref name="IlGiornale_altro_mistero" />

On 3 March 2012, in [[Grosseto]], judges began a hearing open to all survivors, other "injured parties", and their lawyers, but closed to the general public and media. Four specialists were ordered to review the VDR data and relate their conclusions at a 21 July 2012 hearing.<ref name="AP a" /> Prosecutor Francesco Verusio had stated that it could take "a month, two months, three months" for evidence analysis, including of recorded conversations on the bridge, to be completed.<ref name="AP b" /> The hearing also determined who could "attach lawsuits to the case". Inhabitants of Giglio and some environmental groups were denied this ability.<ref name="AP a" />

===Trials===
On 20 July 2013, five people were found guilty of manslaughter, negligence and wrecking: Roberto Ferrarini (the company's crisis director) received the longest sentence at two years and 10 months, followed by Manrico Giampedroni (the cabin service director) at two and a half years. Three crew members—first officer Ciro Ambrosio, [[helmsman]] Jacob Rusli Bin and third officer Silvia Coronica—were given sentences between one and two years. Ferrarini, who was not on the ship, was convicted of understating the extent of the disaster and delaying an adequate response.<ref name="APJuly13">{{Cite news |last1=Barry, Colleen |last2=Sportelli, Francesco |date=20 July 2013 |title=Italy: 5 convicted for Costa Concordia shipwreck |agency=[[Associated Press]] |url=https://news.yahoo.com/italy-5-convicted-costa-concordia-shipwreck-095940455.html |access-date=18 September 2013}}</ref> Giampedroni, the hotel director, was convicted for his role in the evacuation, which was described as chaotic. The helmsman Bin was convicted for steering the ship in the wrong direction after Schettino ordered a corrective manoeuvre.<ref name=APJuly13/>

[[Reuters]] cited judicial sources as saying that none of these individuals would be likely to go to jail, as sentences shorter than two years for non-violent offences are routinely suspended in Italy, and longer sentences can be appealed or replaced by community service.<ref>{{Cite news |date=20 July 2013 |title=Five guilty in Costa Concordia trial |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-23388680 |access-date=20 July 2013}}</ref> Lawyers for the victims declared the sentences as shameful and said they might appeal to overturn the [[plea bargain]]s that allowed reduced sentences in return for guilty pleas. The company Costa Cruises avoided a trial in April by agreeing to a €1&nbsp;million fine. Ultimately, none of the five officers were jailed because their sentences were suspended.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The sinking of the Costa Concordia |url=https://www.channel5.com/show/the-sinking-of-the-costa-concordia/ |website=[[Channel 5 (British TV channel)|Channel 5]]}}</ref>

In a separate trial for manslaughter and causing the loss of the ship, Captain Francesco Schettino sought a plea bargain agreement.<ref name="Reuters20130720">{{Cite news |date=20 July 2013 |title=UPDATE 3-Five people sentenced to jail for Costa Concordia disaster |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/italy-ship-trial-idUSL6N0FQ05E20130720 |access-date=23 July 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130723212357/https://www.reuters.com/article/2013/07/20/italy-ship-trial-idUSL6N0FQ05E20130720 |archive-date=2013-07-23}}</ref> When his trial resumed in October 2013, Domnica Cemortan (a 26-year-old [[Moldova]]n) admitted having been Schettino's lover and having been a non-paying passenger on the ship, and after the prosecution alleged that her presence on the bridge "generated confusion and distraction for the captain".<ref>{{Cite news |last=Day |first=Michael |date=29 October 2013 |title=Costa Concordia trial: Dancer Domnica Cemortan admits Captain Francesco Schettino was her lover and told the court that she was on ship's bridge when it capsized |work=The Independent (UK) |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/costa-concordia-trial-dancer-domnica-cemortan-admits-captain-francesco-schettino-was-her-lover-and-tells-court-she-was-on-ships-bridge-when-it-capsized-8911492.html |access-date=31 October 2013}}</ref> Helmsman Jacob Rusli Bin failed to appear in court in March 2014 to give evidence and was thought to be somewhere in [[Indonesia]].<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 March 2014 |title=Helmsman from Costa Concordia disaster fails to turn up for trial of captain |work=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/10691614/Helmsman-from-Costa-Concordia-disaster-fails-to-turn-up-for-trial-of-captain.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=14 May 2014 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/10691614/Helmsman-from-Costa-Concordia-disaster-fails-to-turn-up-for-trial-of-captain.html |archive-date=12 January 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Roberto Ferrarini told the court in April that "Schettino asked me to tell the maritime authorities that the collision was due to a blackout on the ship. But I strongly objected."<ref>{{Cite web |date=19 April 2014 |title=Costa Concordia Captain Schettino's trial hears damning evidence |url=http://digitaljournal.com/news/world/costa-concordia-captain-schettino-s-trial-hears-damning-evidence/article/381555#ixzz31gpofGLW |access-date=14 May 2014 |publisher=Digital Record}}</ref> Passengers told the court in May that if they had followed the officers' orders to return to their cabins, they would have drowned.<ref>{{Cite news |date=12 May 2014 |title=Costa Concordia survivors tell court for first time of chaos night of crash |work=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/10825071/Costa-Concordia-survivors-tell-court-for-first-time-of-chaos-night-of-crash.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=14 May 2014 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/10825071/Costa-Concordia-survivors-tell-court-for-first-time-of-chaos-night-of-crash.html |archive-date=12 January 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> In February 2015, Schettino was convicted and sentenced to 16 years in prison.<ref>{{Cite news |last=Squires |first=Nick |date=11 February 2015 |title=Costa Concordia captain Schettino sentenced to 16 years in prison |work=The Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/11407115/Costa-Concordia-captain-Schettino-sentenced-to-16-years-in-prison.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=29 June 2015 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/11407115/Costa-Concordia-captain-Schettino-sentenced-to-16-years-in-prison.html |archive-date=12 January 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref> Schettino appealed against the sentence, which was initially upheld in May 2016, then finally in May 2017. He is serving his sentence in [[Rebibbia Prison]], [[Rome]].<ref name="BBC39903968">{{Cite news |title=Costa Concordia captain's sentence upheld by Italy court |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-39903968 |access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |last=Balmer |first=Crispian |date=12 May 2017 |title=Top Italian court upholds conviction of Costa Concordia captain |work=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-ship-idUSKBN1882MF?il=0 |access-date=12 May 2017}}</ref>

==Reactions==

===Costa Cruises and its parent companies===
[[Costa Crociere|Costa Crociere S.p.A.]] also does business using the name "Costa Cruises". Costa Cruises is jointly owned by a [[dual-listed company]] comprising the two separate companies Carnival Corporation and Carnival plc.<ref name="phx.corporate-ir-Investor Relations" /> Carnival Corporation announced on 30 January 2012 that its board of directors would engage outside consultants in various disciplines, including emergency response, organisation, training and implementation, to conduct a comprehensive review of the accident and the company's procedures.<ref name="uk.reuters-insurance coverage" /> Costa Cruises initially offered to pay Schettino's legal costs, but decided later that they would not do so.<ref name="BBC592" />

After the vessel was determined to be a [[constructive total loss]] and would need to be scrapped, Costa Cruises ordered a replacement vessel from [[Fincantieri]], the same shipyard that built the ''Costa Concordia'' and [[Concordia-class cruise ship|her sister ships]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=3 November 2014 |title=Replacement for the Ill-Fated Costa Concordia Cruises into Dubrovnik |url=https://www.croatiaweek.com/replacement-for-the-ill-fated-costa-concordia-cruises-into-dubrovnik/#:~:text=Costa%20Diadema%2C%20the%20550%20million,in%20Dubrovnik%20on%20Monday%20morning%E2%80%A6 |access-date=31 May 2021 |website=croatiaweek.com}}</ref> The new vessel was named the ''[[Costa Diadema]]'' and cost US$739 million to build.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |last=Cox |first=Martin |date=16 November 2013 |title=Costa Diadema Floated Out |url=https://maritimematters.com/2013/11/costa-diadema/ |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200918161027/https://maritimematters.com/2013/11/costa-diadema/ |archive-date=18 September 2020 |access-date=16 September 2019 |website=Maritime Matters}}</ref> ''Costa Diadema'' was launched in November 2013<ref name="World Maritime News">{{Cite web |date=18 November 2013 |title=Costa Cruises' Future Flagship 'Costa Diadema' Launched (Italy) |url=https://www.offshore-energy.biz/costa-cruises-future-flagship-costa-diadema-launched-italy/ |access-date=19 November 2013 |website=Offshore Energy}}</ref> and entered service for Costa in November 2014.<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |date=8 November 2014 |title=Costa Cruises Officially Names Costa Diadema at Genoa Ceremony |url=https://www.travelpulse.com/news/cruise/costa-cruises-officially-names-costa-diadema-at-genoa-ceremony.html |access-date=16 September 2019 |website=TravelPulse}}</ref>

===Regulatory and industry response===
[[Corrado Clini]], Italy's Minister of Environment, said that [[sail-by salute]]s, a "custom that has resulted in an outcome visible to all", should no longer be tolerated.<ref name="docs.newsbank-Investigators probe" /> On 23 January 2012, [[UNESCO]] asked Italy to reroute cruise ships to avoid sailing too close to "culturally and ecologically important areas",<ref name="Bertacche" /> and on 1 March, Italy excluded large ships from sailing closer than {{Convert|2|mi|4=0}} from marine parks.<ref name="docs.newsbank-fateful night" />

The [[European Maritime Safety Agency]] was in the process of conducting a review of maritime safety when the accident occurred. On 24 January 2012, Transport Commissioner [[Siim Kallas]] told the Transportation Committee of the [[European Parliament]] that lessons learned from the loss of ''Costa Concordia'' would be taken into account. British [[Member of the European Parliament|MEP]] [[Jacqueline Foster]] warned against "[[trial by media|trial by television and trial by newspapers]]", a view that was backed by fellow British MEP [[Brian Simpson]], who said that it was "good practice to wait for the official report".<ref name="BBCDem" />

On 18 January 2012, the Chairman of the [[United States House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure]] announced that it would hold a [[United States congressional hearing|hearing]], conducted jointly with the committee's Maritime Transportation Subcommittee, to "review the events of this specific incident, current safety measures and training requirements".<ref name="transportation.house-Committee Hearing" /> Testimony and statements at the 29 February hearing primarily promoted North American cruise ships as being safe.<ref name="washingtonpost-reassuring testimony" />

The [[Cruise Lines International Association]] (CLIA), the European Cruise Council (ECC) and the Passenger Shipping Association adopted a new policy requiring all embarking passengers to participate in muster drills before departure.<ref name="cruising-Muster Policy" /><ref name="telegraph-safety drills" /> On 29 January 2012, at [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida]], [[Holland America Line]] made one passenger disembark from the cruise ship {{MS|Westerdam}} for "non-compliance" during a mandatory [[muster drill]].<ref name="travel.usatoday-kicked off ship" /> On 24 April, the CLIA and the ECC introduced new policies: bridge officers must agree on the route before departing; ships must carry more lifejackets; and access to the bridge must be limited.<ref name="telegraph-new safety measures" />

In an action some parliamentarians said was a reaction to the wrecking of ''Costa Concordia'', the Italian government withdrew proposed legislation that would have reduced current restrictions on mineral exploration and production.<ref name="docs.newsbank-fallout hits oil" /> On 8 July 2012, CNN reported that the disaster changed the cruise industry's safety and evacuation procedures. Carnival, the parent line of Costa, and several other cruise lines now require safety instruction, referred to as muster drills, before leaving port. The new muster policy consists of 12 specific emergency instructions, which include providing information on when and how to don a life jacket, where to muster and what to expect if there is an evacuation of the ship.<ref name="edition.cnn-disaster focuses attention" />

===Media===
Coverage of the shipwreck dominated international media in the days after the disaster. ''[[The New York Times]]'' called the incident "a drama that seemed to blend tragedy with elements of farce".<ref name="nytimes-Rescue Resume" /> [[Phillip Knightley]] called it the "most significant event in modern maritime history" because "every single safety procedure designed to make sea travel safe failed miserably".<ref name="khaleejtimes-unbelievable crash" />

The parbuckling was a major media operation, and the righting was well-documented in video and photographs. News Agencies [[Getty Images]] and [[Associated Press|AP]] had an extensive coverage, from the day of the disaster to the removal of the wreck with the photographers Laura Lezza, [[Marco Secchi]] and Andrew Medichini documenting and capturing all phases.<ref>{{Cite web |date=17 September 2013 |title=The Raising of the Costa Concordia |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/pictures/raising-the-costa-concordia/1/ |access-date=9 September 2016 |website=[[CBS News]]}}</ref>

In 2014, ''[[National Geographic]]'' produced a documentary called ''The Raising of the Costa Concordia'' about the raising and salvaging of the ship.<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Raising of the Costa Concordia (TV Movie 2014) - IMDB |url=https://www.natgeotv.com/asia/the-raising-of-the-costa-concordia|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150118040531/http://natgeotv.com/asia/the-raising-of-the-costa-concordia|url-status=dead|archive-date=18 January 2015|publisher=National Geographic}}</ref>

In 2014, the Smithsonian Channel broadcast ''Cruise Ship Down: Saving Concordia'', detailing the efforts to right the ''Costa Concordia'' before it collapsed under its own weight.<ref name="smith-save-conc">{{Cite web |title=Cruise Ship Down: Saving Concordia |url=http://www.smithsonianchannel.com/shows/cruise-ship-down-saving-concordia/0/3400919 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150921170052/http://www.smithsonianchannel.com/shows/cruise-ship-down-saving-concordia/0/3400919 |archive-date=21 September 2015 |access-date=19 October 2015 |publisher=Smithsonian Institution}}</ref>

====In Italy====
Newspaper ''[[Corriere della Sera]]'' stated that Italy owed the world a "convincing explanation" for the wreck and called for harsh punishment of those found responsible. ''[[Il Giornale]]'' said the wreck was a "global disaster for Italy". ''[[Il Messaggero]]'' said there was "anguish over those still missing". ''[[La Repubblica]]'' called the event "a night of errors and lies". ''[[La Stampa]]'' criticised the captain for not raising the alarm and refusing to go back on board the ship.<ref name="BBC16577739" />

Italian commentators reflected on the contrast between Schettino and de Falco (the on-duty Italian Coast Guard) and what it said about the national character. They represented "the two souls of Italy", according to Aldo Grasso in ''Corriere della Sera''. "On the one hand a man hopelessly lost, a coward who shirks his responsibility as a man and an officer, indelibly stained. The other grasps the seriousness of the situation immediately and tries to remind the first of his obligations."<ref name="Grazie, Capitano" />

Some saw parallels between the incident and the country's recent political upheavals. "To see someone that in a moment of difficulty maintains steady nerves is consoling because that is what we need", another ''Corriere della Sera'' columnist, [[Beppe Severgnini]], told ''The New York Times''. "Italy wants to have steady nerves because we've already done the cabaret route".<ref name="NYT Rome memo" />

De Falco's exasperated order to Schettino, "{{lang|it|Vada a bordo, cazzo!}}" ("Get the fuck on board!", or "Get back on board, you prick!"), became a [[catchphrase]] in Italy. T-shirts with the phrase were soon printed and sold across the country.<ref name="telegraph-t-shirts" /> It has also been used on Twitter and Facebook.<ref name="telegraph-t-shirts" />

==Honours and memorial==
In September 2012, recognising the best navigation and merchant marine professionals, [[Lloyd's of London]] awarded the title of ''Seafarers of the Year'' to the ''Costa Concordia'' crew for their exemplary behaviour during the shipwreck which saved most of the ship's passengers.<ref>{{Cite web |date=27 September 2012 |title=L'équipage du Costa Concordia sacré |url=http://www.leparisien.fr/naufrage-concordia/l-equipage-du-costa-concordia-sacre-marin-de-l-annee-27-09-2012-2184057.php |access-date=29 July 2013 |publisher=Leparisien.fr}}</ref> In January 2013, the municipalities of [[Isola del Giglio]] and [[Monte Argentario]] were decorated with the highest Italian Civil award: the ''[[Gold Medal of Civil Merit]]'' granted by the President of the Republic for the commitment of citizens, administrators and local institutions in the rescue of the survivors of the ship ''Costa Concordia''.<ref>{{Cite web |date=14 January 2013 |title=Domani per il Giglio la Medaglia al Merito Civile |url=http://www.giglionews.it/2013011459379/news/isola-del-giglio/domani-per-il-giglio-la-medaglia-al-merito-civile.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015213842/http://www.giglionews.it/2013011459379/news/isola-del-giglio/domani-per-il-giglio-la-medaglia-al-merito-civile.html |archive-date=15 October 2013 |access-date=29 July 2013 |publisher=Giglionews.it}}</ref>

The mayor of [[Isola del Giglio|Giglio]], Sergio Ortelli, and Costa Cruises agreed that a large boulder that was wedged in the hull would be removed from the side of the vessel and be positioned on the island as a memorial to the 32 people who lost their lives. Ortelli anticipated the boulder would "most likely" be positioned "close to the harbour entrance so that visitors and locals can see it clearly and pay their respects to the victims. What happened that night is something Giglio will never forget and the rock will be a fitting memorial." The cost of removing the 80-tonne boulder was estimated at £40,000.<ref name="telegraph10" /><ref name="bbc-Giglio memorial" />

==Safety regulations==
Like all [[passenger ship]]s, ''Costa Concordia'' was subject to two major [[International Maritime Organization]] requirements: to perform "[[muster drill|musters of the passengers]] (...) within 24 hours after their embarkation" and to be able to launch "survival craft" sufficient for "the total number of persons aboard ... within a period of 30 minutes from the time the abandon-ship signal is given".<ref name="lloydslistdcn-own best lifeboat" /> Passenger ships must be equipped with lifeboats for 125% of the ship's passenger and crew maximum capacity, among which at least 37.5% of that capacity on each side of the ship (75% of total) must consist of hard lifeboats as opposed to inflatable ones.<ref name="Mer et Marine 2012-01-30 A" /> Launching systems must enable the lowering of the lifeboats under 20° of [[Angle of list|list]] and 10° of [[Ship motions|pitch]].<ref name="Mer et Marine 2012-01-30 A" />

According to Costa Cruises, its internal regulations require all crew members to complete [[Basic Safety Training]], and to perform a ship evacuation drill every two weeks.<ref name="Mer et Marine 2012-01-30 A" /> Every week, all the lifeboats on one side of the ship are launched for a test.<ref name="Mer et Marine 2012-01-30 B" /> Under the regulations in force in 2006 when ''Costa Concordia'' was delivered, the ship had to be designed to survive the flooding of two adjacent compartments caused by an {{convert|11|m|ft|0|adj=on}} breach.<ref name="Mer et Marine 2012-01-30 A" /> The damage caused by impact with the rocks left a {{convert|36.5|m|0|adj=mid|tear}} in the hull.

==See also==
{{Portal|Transport|Italy}}
* [[Lists of shipwrecks]]
* [[List of maritime disasters]]
* ''[[Carnival Sunrise|Carnival Triumph]]''
* [[MS Sea Diamond|MS ''Sea Diamond'']]
* [[SS Jeddah|SS ''Jeddah'']]
* [[Teens of Denial|The Ballad of the Costa Concordia]]

==Notes==
{{Reflist|group=p}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em| refs =

<!--<ref name="Channel 4 doc">{{Cite AV media |url=http://www.channel4.com/programmes/terror-at-sea-the-sinking-of-the-concordia/4od |title=Terror at Sea: The Sinking of the Concordia |date=31 January 2012 |type=documentary |publisher=[[Channel 4]]}}</ref>-->

<ref name="AP 2012-01-14">{{Cite news |last1=Winfield, Nicole |last2=D'Emilio, Frances |date=14 January 2012 |title=Coast guard: cruise ship runs aground off Italy, 3 bodies found; helicopters rescue others |agency=[[Associated Press]] |url=http://www.newser.com/article/d9s8kfi00/coast-guard-cruise-ship-runs-aground-off-italy-3-bodies-found-helicopters-rescue-others.html |url-status=dead |access-date=14 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116230817/http://www.newser.com/article/d9s8kfi00/coast-guard-cruise-ship-runs-aground-off-italy-3-bodies-found-helicopters-rescue-others.html |archive-date=16 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="32 dead">{{Cite news |date=17 April 2012 |title=2 American, 2 German victims of the Costa Concordia cruise ship disaster are identified |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/2-german-2-american-victims-of-costa-concordia-cruise-ship-disaster-identified/2012/04/17/gIQAYfxmNT_story.html |url-status=dead |access-date=17 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120428120824/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/2-german-2-american-victims-of-costa-concordia-cruise-ship-disaster-identified/2012/04/17/gIQAYfxmNT_story.html |archive-date=28 April 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="COURT2012JAN17">{{Cite web |date=16 January 2012 |title=No. 12/285 N.R. and No. 12/117 Magistrate in Charge of Preliminary Inquiries |url=http://download.repubblica.it/pdf/2012/traduzione_ordinanza_grosseto.pdf |access-date=16 January 2012 |publisher=Republic of Italy, Court of Grosseto}}</ref>
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<ref name="telegraph2">{{Cite news |date=20 January 2012 |title=Police scuba divers search the submerged part of the Costa Concordia cruise ship |work=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/worldnews/9027670/Police-scuba-divers-search-the-submerged-part-of-the-Costa-Concordia-cruise-ship.html?image=5 |url-status=dead |access-date=22 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120228190139/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/picturegalleries/worldnews/9027670/Police-scuba-divers-search-the-submerged-part-of-the-Costa-Concordia-cruise-ship.html?image=5 |archive-date=28 February 2012}}</ref>
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<ref name="lastampa1">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2012 |title=Poteva salvarli tutti ma ha dato l'allarme quando era tardi |language=it |trans-title=He could have saved them all but raised the alarm when it was late |work=[[La Stampa]] |url=http://www3.lastampa.it/cronache/sezioni/articolo/lstp/438589 |url-status=dead |access-date=17 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117114336/http://www3.lastampa.it/cronache/sezioni/articolo/lstp/438589/ |archive-date=17 January 2012}}</ref>
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<ref name="corriere1">{{Cite news |date=26 January 2012 |title=Costa Concordia, "tutti salvi se Schettino non-avesse tardato a dare l'allarme" |language=it |trans-title=Costa Concordia, "everyone saved if Schettino hadn't been slow to sound the alarm" |work=[[Corriere della Sera]] |url=http://www.corriere.it/cronache/12_gennaio_26/giglio-ammiraglio-capitanerie_0dbb9b82-4807-11e1-9901-97592fb91505.shtml |url-status=dead |access-date=29 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207211104/http://www.corriere.it/cronache/12_gennaio_26/giglio-ammiraglio-capitanerie_0dbb9b82-4807-11e1-9901-97592fb91505.shtml |archive-date=7 February 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="Corriere220112">{{Cite news |date=22 January 2012 |title=Schettino ammette: ho ritardato l'allarme. Il giallo della strumentazione fuori uso |language=it |trans-title=Schettino admits: I delayed the alarm. The yellow of the out of order instruments |work=[[Corriere della Sera]] |url=http://www.corriere.it/cronache/12_gennaio_22/sarzanini-verbali-schettino_3bcfca5a-44cb-11e1-b12c-223272f476c4.shtml |url-status=dead |access-date=23 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123055224/http://www.corriere.it/cronache/12_gennaio_22/sarzanini-verbali-schettino_3bcfca5a-44cb-11e1-b12c-223272f476c4.shtml |archive-date=23 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="Captain at Impact">{{Cite news |last=Meichtry |first=Stacy |date=19 January 2012 |title=Italy Probes Captain's Call With Boss |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204468004577168762570407898 |url-status=dead |access-date=3 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120207121234/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052970204468004577168762570407898.html |archive-date=7 February 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="Reuters10Feb2012">{{Cite news |date=10 February 2012 |title=Newsmaker: Captain at centre of Italy cruise ship disaster |work=Reuters |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/italy-ship-schettino-idINDEE81900920120210 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160306155545/http://in.reuters.com/article/italy-ship-schettino-idINDEE81900920120210 |url-status=dead |archive-date=6 March 2016 |access-date=10 February 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="bbc2">{{Cite news |date=18 January 2012 |title=Costa Concordia: Captain Schettino 'turned too late' |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-16620807 |access-date=23 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="repubblica1">{{Cite news |date=14 January 2012 |title='La nave ha urtato uno scoglio' Il comandante: 'Non era sulla carta' |language=it |trans-title='The ship hit a rock' The commander: 'It wasn't on paper' |work=[[La Repubblica]] |url=http://firenze.repubblica.it/cronaca/2012/01/14/news/la_nave_ha_urtato_uno_scoglio_il_comandante_non_era_sulla_carta-28110947/ |url-status=dead |access-date=29 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120205124311/http://firenze.repubblica.it/cronaca/2012/01/14/news/la_nave_ha_urtato_uno_scoglio_il_comandante_non_era_sulla_carta-28110947/ |archive-date=5 February 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="mirror1">{{Cite news |date=3 March 2012 |title=Cruise ship captain 'wasn't wearing glasses when liner crashed' |work=[[Daily Mirror]] |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/costa-concordia-captain-wasnt-wearing-751114 |access-date=4 January 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="nbcnews1">{{Cite news |date=3 March 2012 |title=Lawyer: Costa Concordia captain wasn't wearing his glasses on night of accident |work=[[NBC News]] |url=http://www.nbcnews.com/travel/lawyer-costa-concordia-captain-wasnt-wearing-his-glasses-night-accident-301895 |access-date=4 January 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="nationalpost2">{{Cite journal |date=25 January 2012 |title=Costa Concordia captain claims ship managers told him to take cruise liner close to shore, transcript shows |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/01/25/costa-concordia-captain-claims-ship-managers-told-him-to-take-cruise-liner-close-to-shore-transcript-shows/ |journal=[[National Post]] |access-date=3 January 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="BBC 01-18">{{Cite news |date=18 January 2012 |title=Costa Concordia: Search suspended after ship shifts |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-16606405 |url-status=live |access-date=19 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120118103538/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-16606405 |archive-date=18 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="maritimematters1">{{Cite news |last=Dake |first=Shawn J. |date=22 January 2012 |title=A Short History of the Costa Concordia |publisher=Maritime Matters |url=http://maritimematters.com/2012/01/a-short-history-of-the-costa-concordia/ |url-status=dead |access-date=11 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120128150521/http://maritimematters.com/2012/01/a-short-history-of-the-costa-concordia/ |archive-date=28 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="telegraph3">{{Cite news |last1=Squires |first1=Nick |last2=Sawer, Patrick |last3=Evans, Martin |date=16 January 2012 |title=Cruise disaster: company say errors made by ship's captain may have caused crash |work=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/9017326/Cruise-disaster-company-say-errors-made-by-ships-captain-may-have-caused-crash.html |url-status=dead |access-date=11 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119064341/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/9017326/Cruise-disaster-company-say-errors-made-by-ships-captain-may-have-caused-crash.html |archive-date=19 January 2012 |quote=Ships usually pass by up to five miles away.}}</ref>
<ref name="smh1">{{Cite news |date=16 January 2012 |title='Showboating' linked to cruise disaster |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |url=https://www.smh.com.au/travel/travel-incidents/showboating-linked-to-cruise-disaster-20120116-1q27o.html |url-status=dead |access-date=28 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119011224/http://www.smh.com.au/travel/travel-incidents/showboating-linked-to-cruise-disaster-20120116-1q27o.html |archive-date=19 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="newsbank1">{{Cite news |last1=Dinmore |first1=Guy |last2=Gainsbury, Sally |date=20 January 2012 |title=Concordia 'not first to deviate from routes' |work=[[Financial Times]] |url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_action=doc&p_topdoc=1&p_docnum=1&p_sort=YMD_date:D&p_product=AWNB&p_text_direct-0=document_id=(%2013C6A7E8014662B0%20)&p_docid=13C6A7E8014662B0&p_theme=aggdocs&p_queryname=13C6A7E8014662B0&f_openurl=yes&p |url-status=dead |access-date=31 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701221621/http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_action=doc&p_topdoc=1&p_docnum=1&p_sort=YMD_date%3AD&p_product=AWNB&p_text_direct-0=document_id%3D%28%2013C6A7E8014662B0%20%29&p_docid=13C6A7E8014662B0&p_theme=aggdocs&p_queryname=13C6A7E8014662B0&f_openurl=yes&p |archive-date=1 July 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="wsj-detained">{{Cite news |date=15 January 2012 |title=Italian Ship Captain Detained as Probe Goes On |work=The Wall Street Journal |url=https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204542404577160490967763410 |access-date=3 January 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="bbc3">{{Cite news |date=16 January 2012 |title=Costa Concordia: Captain 'decided to change ship's course' |publisher=[[BBC]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-16575721 |url-status=live |access-date=19 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116180726/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-16575721 |archive-date=16 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="leggo1">{{Cite news |last=Scura, Giorgio |date=11 July 2012 |title=Schettino su Canale 5: "Anche io sono una vittima" |language=it |trans-title=Schettino on Canale 5: "I too am a victim" |work=[[Leggo]] |url=http://www.leggo.it/news/cronaca/schettino_parla_in_tv_un_incidente_banale_ho_protetto_i_passeggeri_foto/notizie/187630.shtml |url-status=dead |access-date=11 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120711235316/http://www.leggo.it/news/cronaca/schettino_parla_in_tv_un_incidente_banale_ho_protetto_i_passeggeri_foto/notizie/187630.shtml |archive-date=11 July 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="smh2">{{Cite news |last=Levy |first=Megan |date=17 January 2012 |title='Pre-planned' cruise stunt flagged on Facebook |work=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |url=https://www.smh.com.au/travel/travel-incidents/preplanned-cruise-stunt-flagged-on-facebook-20120117-1q3n7.html |url-status=live |access-date=16 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117144021/http://www.smh.com.au/travel/travel-incidents/preplanned-cruise-stunt-flagged-on-facebook-20120117-1q3n7.html |archive-date=17 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="thedailybeast">{{Cite news |last=Nadeau |first=Barbie Latza |date=18 January 2012 |title=Francesco Schettino, the Costa Concordia's Daredevil Captain |work=[[The Daily Beast]] |url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/01/18/francesco-schettino-the-costa-concordia-s-daredevil-captain.html |url-status=live |access-date=4 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119122138/http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2012/01/18/francesco-schettino-the-costa-concordia-s-daredevil-captain.html |archive-date=19 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="BBC/Akwagyiram 2012-01-14">{{Cite news |last=Akwagyiram |first=Alexis |date=14 January 2012 |title=Cruise captain 'committed errors', say ship's owners |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-16561382 |access-date=14 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="corriere11">{{Cite news |last=Watson |first=Giles |date=20 February 2012 |title=Everything is Under Control, Go Back to Your Cabins |work=[[Corriere della Sera]] |url=http://www.corriere.it/english/12_gennaio_20/amateur-video_f0a2fb1a-434e-11e1-8047-0b06b4bf3f34.shtml |url-status=dead |access-date=29 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120202013255/http://www.corriere.it/english/12_gennaio_20/amateur-video_f0a2fb1a-434e-11e1-8047-0b06b4bf3f34.shtml |archive-date=2 February 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="BBC 2012-01-15">{{Cite news |date=15 January 2012 |title=Costa Concordia: Two more bodies found in Italian ship |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-16568760 |access-date=16 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="BBC592">{{Cite news |date=20 January 2012 |title=Costa Concordia disaster: Crew urged 'return to cabins' |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-16641592 |access-date=5 January 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="cnn1">{{Cite news |last=Hunter |first=Marnie |date=10 February 2012 |title=Cruise industry adopts new safety policy |publisher=CNN |url=http://articles.cnn.com/2012-02-10/travel/travel_cruise-industry-safety-drills_1_cruise-industry-michael-crye-clia |url-status=dead |access-date=29 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301161658/http://articles.cnn.com/2012-02-10/travel/travel_cruise-industry-safety-drills_1_cruise-industry-michael-crye-clia?_s=PM%3ATRAVEL |archive-date=1 March 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="IlGiornale_altro_mistero">{{Cite news |last=Zurlo, Stefano |date=22 January 2012 |title=Concordia, un altro mistero nessuno rispose ai soccorsi della Guardia di Finanza |language=it |trans-title=Concordia, another mystery nobody responded to the help of the Guardia di Finanza |work=[[Il Giornale]] |url=http://www.ilgiornale.it/interni/un_altro_mistero_nessuno_rispose_soccorsi_guardia_finanza/22-01-2012/articolo-id=568174-page=0-comments=1 |access-date=22 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="IrishIndependent_harbour_log">{{Cite news |date=22 January 2012 |title=Harbour master's log reveals how tragedy unfolded |work=[[Irish Independent]] |url=http://www.independent.ie/world-news/europe/harbour-masters-log-reveals-how-tragedy-unfolded-2996153.html |access-date=22 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="CSMlies">{{Cite news |last=Marquand, Robert |date=18 January 2012 |title=Costa Concordia: Top 4 'deceptions' by ship's captain |work=[[The Christian Science Monitor]] |url=http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2012/0118/Costa-Concordia-Top-4-deceptions-by-ship-s-captain/Schettino-said-on-Italian-TV-that-the-boat-collided-with-unmarked-rocks |access-date=19 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="NYTimes/Flegenheimer Pianigiani"><!--duplicate nytimes3-->
{{Cite news |last1=Flegenheimer |first1=Matt |last2=Pianigiani |first2=Gaia |date=14 January 2012 |title=Search Is on for Survivors From Italian Cruise Ship That Ran Aground |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/15/world/europe/cruise-ship-runs-aground-off-tuscan-coast.html |access-date=14 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="msn">{{Cite news |last=Pappas, Stephanie |date=19 January 2012 |title=Costa Concordia vs. Titanic: Do they compare? |publisher=[[MSNBC]] |url=http://overheadbin.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/01/19/10190701-costa-concordia-vs-titanic-do-they-compare |url-status=dead |access-date=22 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120122133820/http://overheadbin.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2012/01/19/10190701-costa-concordia-vs-titanic-do-they-compare |archive-date=22 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="mirror2">{{Cite news |date=19 January 2012 |title=Costa Concordia: Captain drove ship 'like it was a Ferrari', says former skipper |work=[[Daily Mirror]] |location=London |url=https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/costa-concordia-captain-drove-ship-173381}}</ref>
<ref name="crew1">{{Cite news |last1=Jewkes |first1=Stephen |last2=Aloisi |first2=Silvia |date=17 January 2012 |title=Most of the Costa Concordia's crew were entertainers or bartenders, not qualified seamen |work=National Post |agency=Reuters |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/most-of-the-costa-concordias-crew-were-entertainers-or-bartenders-not-qualified-seamen |access-date=2022-01-14}}</ref>
<ref name="indiancrew">{{Cite news |last1=Roy |first1=Amit |last2=Mohan |first2=Archis |date=17 January 2012 |title=Not fair, say Indian crew – Comments hurt Costa staff |work=[[The Telegraph (Calcutta)|The Telegraph]] |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120117/jsp/frontpage/story_15015659.jsp |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120015754/http://www.telegraphindia.com/1120117/jsp/frontpage/story_15015659.jsp |url-status=dead |archive-date=20 January 2012 |access-date=18 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="Audio1">{{Cite news |last1=Innocenti |first1=Simone |last2=Colombo |first2=Alberto |date=17 January 2012 |title=Le telefonate tra il comandante e la capitaneria ("Risalga subito a bordo") |language=it |trans-title=The phone calls between the captain and the captaincy ("Get back on board immediately") |work=[[Corriere della Sera]] |format=Audio recording |url=http://video.corrierefiorentino.corriere.it/telefonate-il-comandante-capitaneria/cf-167017 |access-date=18 January 2012 |archive-date=19 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119014744/http://video.corrierefiorentino.corriere.it/telefonate-il-comandante-capitaneria/cf-167017 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<ref name="telegraph7">{{Cite news |date=15 January 2012 |title=Italy cruise ship disaster: maritime authorities point finger at ship's captain |work=The Daily Telegraph |location=UK |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/9016853/Italy-cruise-ship-disaster-maritime-authorities-point-finger-at-ships-captain.html |url-status=live |access-date=15 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116041858/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/9016853/Italy-cruise-ship-disaster-maritime-authorities-point-finger-at-ships-captain.html |archive-date=16 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="npr1">{{Cite news |date=13 January 2012 |title='Titanic' Chaos After Italian Cruise Ship Grounds |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.npr.org/2012/01/13/145204913/cruise-ship-aground-off-italy-deaths-reported |url-status=dead |access-date=28 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114044708/http://www.npr.org/2012/01/13/145204913/cruise-ship-aground-off-italy-deaths-reported |archive-date=14 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="BBC 2012-01-14">{{Cite news |date=14 January 2012 |title=Italy cruise ship Costa Concordia aground near Giglio |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-16558910 |url-status=live |access-date=14 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120114052704/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-16558910 |archive-date=14 January 2012}}</ref>
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<ref name="Kington">{{Cite news |last=Kington |first=Tom |date=19 January 2012 |title=Costa Concordia rescue divers resume search |work=[[The Guardian]] |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/19/costa-concordia-rescue-divers-search |url-status=live |access-date=19 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119130656/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2012/jan/19/costa-concordia-rescue-divers-search |archive-date=19 January 2012}}</ref>
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<ref name="LA Times 25 dead">{{Cite news |last=Delaney |first=Sarah |date=22 February 2012 |title=Divers find eight more bodies on shipwrecked Costa Concordia |work=[[Los Angeles Times]] |url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2012/02/costa-concordia-eight-bodies-found.html |url-status=dead |access-date=22 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120225025848/http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2012/02/costa-concordia-eight-bodies-found.html |archive-date=25 February 2012}}</ref>
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<ref name="nytimes4">{{Cite news |date=12 March 2012 |title=Robot-Like Equipment to Aid Search for Ship Bodies |work=The New York Times |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2012/03/12/world/europe/AP-EU-Italy-Cruise-Aground.html |url-status=dead |access-date=12 March 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120312230525/http://www.nytimes.com/aponline/2012/03/12/world/europe/AP-EU-Italy-Cruise-Aground.html |archive-date=12 March 2012}}</ref>
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<ref name="spill-international1">{{Cite news |date=6 February 2012 |title=OPFLEX Involved with Costa Concordia Solution – Response – Spill International – News on Marine Spills and Pollution |publisher=Spill International |url=http://www.spill-international.com/news/id748-OPFLEX_Involved_with_Costa_Concordia_Solution.html |url-status=dead |access-date=9 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213122547/http://www.spill-international.com/news/id748-OPFLEX_Involved_with_Costa_Concordia_Solution.html |archive-date=13 February 2012}}</ref>
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<ref name="AFP update">{{Cite news |date=13 February 2012 |title=Salvage workers begin pumping fuel from Italian shipwreck |agency=Agence France-Presse |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5ik6yQaXvZ-U2cm78apyoySXErjIQ?docId=CNG.b33da3aee5a28cc90c8bfb00a9e461f2.131 |url-status=dead |access-date=13 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218233552/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5ik6yQaXvZ-U2cm78apyoySXErjIQ?docId=CNG.b33da3aee5a28cc90c8bfb00a9e461f2.131 |archive-date=18 February 2014}}</ref>
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<ref name="Lorenzi">{{Cite news |last=Lorenzi |first=Rossella |date=9 February 2012 |title=Concordia Wreck at Risk of Collapse, Spilling |work=[[Discovery News]] |url=http://news.discovery.com/earth/costa-concordia-wreck-environment-italy-120209.html |url-status=dead |access-date=9 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211023922/http://news.discovery.com/earth/costa-concordia-wreck-environment-italy-120209.html |archive-date=11 February 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="telegraph9">{{Cite news |last=Squires |first=Nick |date=2 February 2012 |title=Costa Concordia: 'clothing and lingerie of Moldovan dancer found in Captain Schettino's cabin' |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/9057729/Costa-Concordia-clothing-and-lingerie-of-Moldovan-dancer-found-in-Captain-Schettinos-cabin.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=4 February 2012 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/9057729/Costa-Concordia-clothing-and-lingerie-of-Moldovan-dancer-found-in-Captain-Schettinos-cabin.html |archive-date=12 January 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
<ref name="McKenna">{{Cite news |last=McKenna |first=Josephine |date=29 January 2012 |title=Costa Concordia victim died after she gave life jacket to elderly man |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/9047494/Costa-Concordia-victim-died-after-she-gave-life-jacket-to-elderly-man.html |url-status=dead |access-date=30 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130065115/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/9047494/Costa-Concordia-victim-died-after-she-gave-life-jacket-to-elderly-man.html |archive-date=30 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="BBC 10 months">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2012 |title=Costa Concordia recovery 'will take up to 10 months' |publisher=[[BBC]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-16782481 |url-status=dead |access-date=30 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130013525/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-16782481 |archive-date=30 January 2012}}</ref>

<ref name="discovery11">{{Cite news |last=Lorenzi |first=Rossella |date=18 February 2012 |title=Underwater Video Raises New Concordia Fears : Discovery News |work=[[Discovery Channel|Discovery News]] |url=http://news.discovery.com/earth/video-exclusive-underwater-damage-concordia-120218.html |url-status=dead |access-date=29 May 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219231325/http://news.discovery.com/earth/video-exclusive-underwater-damage-concordia-120218.html |archive-date=19 February 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="discovery2">{{Cite news |last=Lorenzi |first=Rossella |date=18 February 2012 |title=Concordia Could Collapse Under Its Own Weight |work=[[Discovery Channel|Discovery News]] |url=http://news.discovery.com/earth/costa-concordia-collapse-121902.html |url-status=dead |access-date=19 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120219200634/http://news.discovery.com/earth/costa-concordia-collapse-121902.html |archive-date=19 February 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="bbc7">{{Cite news |date=12 February 2012 |title=Costa Concordia fuel removal operation begins |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17004278 |url-status=dead |access-date=13 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120212175123/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17004278 |archive-date=12 February 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="washingtonpost2">{{Cite news |date=29 January 2012 |title=Rough seas force delay in start of fuel extraction from grounded cruise ship off Italian coast |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/rough-seas-force-delay-in-start-of-fuel-extraction-from-grounded-cruise-ship-off-tuscany/2012/01/28/gIQAjsvWXQ_story.html |url-status=dead |access-date=29 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120130030126/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/europe/rough-seas-force-delay-in-start-of-fuel-extraction-from-grounded-cruise-ship-off-tuscany/2012/01/28/gIQAjsvWXQ_story.html |archive-date=30 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="Reuters-salvage">{{Cite news |last1=Kreijger |first1=Gilbert |last2=Graff |first2=Peter |date=15 January 2012 |title=Dutch company SMIT to pump oil from Italian ship |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-ship-salvage-idUSTRE80E0HI20120115 |access-date=16 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="bloomberg2">{{Cite news |last=Vasarri |first=Chiara |date=13 February 2012 |title=Fuel Removal Underway on Costa Shipwreck, Civil Protection Says |publisher=[[Bloomberg Television|Bloomberg News]] |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-02-13/fuel-removal-underway-on-costa-shipwreck-civil-protection-says.html |url-status=dead |access-date=22 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120221042441/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-02-13/fuel-removal-underway-on-costa-shipwreck-civil-protection-says.html |archive-date=21 February 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="AP 21FEB2012">{{Cite news |date=21 February 2012 |title=First phase of Costa Concordia fuel removal done |work=[[USA Today]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |url=http://travel.usatoday.com/cruises/story/2012-02-19/1st-phase-of-Italian-cruise-ship-fuel-removal-done/53153808/1 |access-date=21 February 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="agi2">{{Cite news |date=12 March 2012 |title=Operations to empty Costa Concordia's fuel tanks resume |publisher=[[Agenzia Giornalistica Italia|AGI]] |url=http://www.agi.it/english-version/italy/elenco-notizie/201203121943-cro-ren1084-operations_to_empty_costa_concordia_s_fuel_tanks_resume |url-status=dead |access-date=12 March 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120312230253/http://www.agi.it/english-version/italy/elenco-notizie/201203121943-cro-ren1084-operations_to_empty_costa_concordia_s_fuel_tanks_resume |archive-date=12 March 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="Winfield">{{Cite news |last=Winfield |first=Nicole |date=12 February 2012 |title=Fuel removal under way on Italian cruise ship |work=[[The Washington Times]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/feb/12/fuel-removal-under-way-italian-cruise-ship/ |url-status=dead |access-date=14 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120214130339/http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2012/feb/12/fuel-removal-under-way-italian-cruise-ship/ |archive-date=14 February 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="nationalpost3">{{Cite news |last=Thuburn |first=Dario |date=22 February 2012 |title=Costa Concordia death toll grows as eight more bodies found, one of a missing five-year-old girl |work=[[National Post]] |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/02/22/up-to-four-more-bodies-found-in-submerged-costa-concordia/ |url-status=dead |access-date=28 February 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120713022532/http://news.nationalpost.com/2012/02/22/up-to-four-more-bodies-found-in-submerged-costa-concordia/ |archive-date=13 July 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="abc2">{{Cite news |date=24 January 2012 |title=Women found dead in Italy cruise shipwreck |publisher=[[ABC Online]] |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-01-24/more-bodies-found-in-costa-concordia/3789234 |access-date=24 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="smit1">{{Cite news |date=24 March 2012 |title=Costa Concordia |publisher=[[Smit International]] |url=http://www.smit.com/sitefactor/page.asp?pageid=1546 |url-status=dead |access-date=26 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120420211602/http://www.smit.com/sitefactor/page.asp?pageid=1546 |archive-date=20 April 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="usatoday1">{{Cite news |date=24 March 2012 |title=All fuel removed from capsized Costa Concordia near Italy |work=[[USA Today]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |url=http://travel.usatoday.com/cruises/story/2012-03-24/All-fuel-removed-from-capsized-Costa-Concordia-near-Italy/53751230/1 |url-status=dead |access-date=26 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120327031528/http://travel.usatoday.com/cruises/story/2012-03-24/All-fuel-removed-from-capsized-Costa-Concordia-near-Italy/53751230/1 |archive-date=27 March 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="Squires 3 February">{{Cite news |last=Squires |first=Nick |date=3 February 2012 |title=Costa Concordia 'will be refloated and removed whole' |work=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/9059365/Costa-Concordia-will-be-refloated-and-removed-whole.html |url-status=dead |access-date=3 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120204123658/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/9059365/Costa-Concordia-will-be-refloated-and-removed-whole.html |archive-date=4 February 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="foxnews1">{{Cite news |date=9 March 2012 |title=Costa Concordia Owners Consider Six Proposals To Remove Vessel |publisher=[[Fox News Channel]] |agency=[[Associated Press]] |url=https://www.foxnews.com/world/costa-concordia-owners-consider-six-proposals-to-remove-vessel/ |url-status=live |access-date=10 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120310184505/http://www.foxnews.com/world/2012/03/09/costa-concordia-owners-consider-six-proposals-to-remove-vessel/ |archive-date=10 March 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="Pullella">{{Cite news |last=Pullella |first=Philip |date=12 April 2012 |title=Costa Concordia salvage to begin in May |work=Chicago Tribune |agency=[[Reuters]] |url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/2012/04/12/costa-concordia-salvage-to-begin-in-may/ |url-status=live |access-date=17 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121112082350/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2012-04-12/news/sns-rt-us-italy-concordiabre83b1ds-20120412_1_tuscan-island-operation-short-list |archive-date=12 November 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="Jones2">{{Cite news |last=Jones |first=Gavin |date=19 January 2012 |title=Salvage firms jostle for wrecked Italian liner |work=Reuters |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-italy-ship-salvage-idUSTRE80I20N20120119 |url-status=live |access-date=19 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120181922/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/01/19/us-italy-ship-salvage-idUSTRE80I20N20120119 |archive-date=20 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="telegraph10">{{Cite news |last=Squires, Nick |date=13 June 2012 |title=Costa Concordia rock which ripped hole in liner to be memorial |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/9329217/Costa-Concordia-rock-which-ripped-hole-in-liner-to-be-memorial.html |access-date=4 January 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="montrealgazette1">{{Cite news |date=16 January 2012 |title=Wrecked cruise ship could be refloated: owners |work=[[The Gazette (Montreal)|The Gazette]] |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |url=https://montrealgazette.com/news/Wrecked+cruise+ship+could+refloated+owners/6002607/story.html |url-status=dead |access-date=16 January 2012 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/64k5YwI8f?url=http://www.montrealgazette.com/news/Wrecked%20cruise%20ship%20could%20refloated%20owners/6002607/story.html |archive-date=16 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="nationalpost4">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2012 |title='I will make you pay for this': Coast guard to Costa Concordia captain |work=[[National Post]] |agency=[[Reuters]] |url=https://nationalpost.com/news/assure-me-you-are-going-back-on-board-coast-guard-to-costa-concordia-captain |access-date=19 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="AFP 24Feb">{{Cite news |date=23 February 2012 |title=Italy taking legal action over wrecked cruise ship |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jMrLMJ70CEoVWh1PI1ImUVxDmwYA?docId=CNG.b3f722c965ea81049a39936321bef0c0.3e1 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130124223056/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jMrLMJ70CEoVWh1PI1ImUVxDmwYA?docId=CNG.b3f722c965ea81049a39936321bef0c0.3e1 |url-status=dead |archive-date=24 January 2013 |access-date=25 February 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="titansalvage1">{{Cite press release |date=24 April 2012 |title=Costa Concordia Wreck Removal Awarded to TITAN Salvage / Micoperi |url=http://www.titansalvage.com/News-and-Media/Press-Releases/Costa-Concordia-Wreck-Removal-Awarded-to-TITAN-Salvage-Micoperi |url-status=dead |publisher=[[Titan Salvage]] |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130104161110/http://www.titansalvage.com/News-and-Media/Press-Releases/Costa-Concordia-Wreck-Removal-Awarded-to-TITAN-Salvage-Micoperi |archive-date=4 January 2013 |access-date=3 January 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="cruisecritic">{{Cite web |date=14 August 2012 |title=Update: Salvage Work Underway on Concordia Wreck |url=http://www.cruisecritic.com/news/news.cfm?ID=4838 |publisher=[[Cruise Critic]] |access-date=3 January 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="bbc8">{{Cite news |date=21 April 2012 |title=Salvage deal for Costa Concordia agreed |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-17798266 |access-date=21 April 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="bloomberg3">{{Cite news |last=Remondini |first=Chiara |date=21 April 2012 |title=Concordia Ship Removal Awarded to Titan Salvage, Micoperi |publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-04-21/concordia-ship-removal-awarded-to-titan-salvage-micoperi.html |access-date=21 April 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="cnn5">{{Cite news |last=Todd |first=Brian |date=22 May 2012 |title=Can the Costa Concordia be salvaged? (video) |publisher=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/video/#/video/international/2012/05/21/tsr-todd-salvaging-concordia.cnn?iref=allsearch |access-date=3 January 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="orlandosentinel1">{{Cite news |last=Satchell |first=Arlene |date=15 June 2012 |title=Work on Costa Concordia salvage gets underway |work=[[Orlando Sentinel]] |url=http://blogs.orlandosentinel.com/travel-deals-tips-trends/2012/06/15/work-on-costa-concordia-salvage-gets-underway/ |url-status=dead |access-date=3 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120619001253/http://blogs.orlandosentinel.com/travel-deals-tips-trends/2012/06/15/work-on-costa-concordia-salvage-gets-underway/ |archive-date=19 June 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="canada1">{{Cite news |date=13 March 2012 |title=Costa Concordia: French, German victims of Italy shipwreck identified |agency=[[Agence France-Presse]] |url=http://www.canada.com/news/Costa%20Concordia%20French%20German%20victims%20Italy%20shipwreck%20identified/6294210/story.html |url-status=dead |access-date=13 March 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120722062019/http://www.canada.com/news/Costa%20Concordia%20French%20German%20victims%20Italy%20shipwreck%20identified/6294210/story.html |archive-date=22 July 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="official list">{{Cite news |date=20 January 2012 |title=Incidente Costa Concordia – Elenco delle persone da rintracciare |language=it |trans-title=Costa Concordia accident - List of people to be traced |publisher=Ministry of Interior (Italy) |url=http://www.prefettura.it/grosseto/news/1416158.htm |url-status=dead |access-date=20 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119204312/http://www.prefettura.it/grosseto/news/1416158.htm |archive-date=19 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="Argentineresc">{{Cite news |date=2012-01-14 |title=18 Argentines travelling on Italy cruise ship 'safe and sound |work=[[Buenos Aires Herald]] |url=http://www.buenosairesherald.com/article/89886/18-argentines-travelling-on-italy-cruise-ship-safe-and-sound |access-date=14 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015091609/http://www.buenosairesherald.com/article/89886/18-argentines-travelling-on-italy-cruise-ship-safe-and-sound |archive-date=2013-10-15}}</ref>
<ref name="Veja">{{Cite news |title=Sobreviventes relatam caos em naufrágio de transatlântico |language=pt |trans-title=Survivors report chaos in transatlantic shipwreck |work=[[Veja (magazine)|Veja]] |url=http://veja.abril.com.br/noticia/internacional/sobreviventes-relatam-caos-no-naufragio-de-cruzeiro-na-italia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120117050115/http://veja.abril.com.br/noticia/internacional/sobreviventes-relatam-caos-no-naufragio-de-cruzeiro-na-italia |archive-date=17 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="un1">{{Cite web |date=15 January 2012 |title=Ukrainian Embassy in Italy Assists 45 Ukrainians From Wrecked Cruise Ship To Obtain Hotel Accommodation |url=http://un.ua/eng/article/370133.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119115911/http://un.ua/eng/article/370133.html |archive-date=19 January 2012 |access-date=19 January 2012 |publisher=Ukrainian News}}</ref>
<ref name="rnw1">{{Cite news |date=14 January 2012 |title=Dutch on stranded cruise ship unharmed |work=[[Radio Netherlands Worldwide]] |url=http://www.rnw.nl/english/bulletin/dutch-stranded-cruise-ship-unharmed |access-date=14 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120115174829/http://www.rnw.nl/english/bulletin/dutch-stranded-cruise-ship-unharmed |archive-date=15 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="asiae1">{{Cite news |date=15 January 2012 |title=좌초된 코스타 콩코르디아호, 한국인 34명 모두 구조 |language=kr |trans-title=Stranded Costa Concordia rescues all 34 Koreans |work=The Asia Economy Daily' |url=http://view.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2012011517111438251&nvr=Y |access-date=20 August 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131015104423/http://view.asiae.co.kr/news/view.htm?idxno=2012011517111438251&nvr=Y |archive-date=15 October 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="couriermail1">{{Cite news |date=15 January 2012 |title=Two Aussies reported missing from ship Costa Concordia call home |work=[[The Courier-Mail]] |url=http://www.couriermail.com.au/news/two-aussies-missing-from-ship-costa-concordia-call-home-italy/story-e6freon6-1226244720834 |access-date=19 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="cbc1">"{{Cite news |date=14 January 2012 |title=Pair rescued from grounded cruise ship |work=[[CBC News]] |url=https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/pair-rescued-from-grounded-cruise-ship-1.1154223 |access-date=19 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="almomento1">"{{Cite web |title=Once dominicanos estuvieron en crucero "Costa Concordia" |trans-title=Eleven Dominicans were on the "Costa Concordia" cruise |url=http://www.almomento.net/news/127/ARTICLE/104347/2012-01-17.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140110091635/http://www.almomento.net/news/127/ARTICLE/104347/2012-01-17.html |archive-date=10 January 2014 |website=Almomento.net |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="stirileprotv1">{{Cite web |title="Nu ni se intampla noua asta". 80 de romani, pe vaporul scufundat. Inregistrari tulburatoare |trans-title="This is not happening to us." 80 Romanians, on the sunken ship. Disturbing recordings |url=http://stirileprotv.ro/stiri/international/scene-ca-pe-titanic-8-morti-dupa-ce-un-pachebot-cu-4-200-de-oameni-a-naufragiat-in-toscana.html |access-date=18 January 2012 |publisher=STIRI |language=ro}}</ref>
<ref name="elcomercio1">{{Cite news |date=17 January 2012 |title=Familia peruana que iba en el Costa Concordia contó cómo se salvó |language=it |trans-title=Peruvian family who went on the Costa Concordia told how they were saved |work=El Comercio |url=http://elcomercio.pe/mundo/1361910/noticia-familia-peruana-que-iba-costa-concordia-conto-como-se-salvo |access-date=17 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="deredactie1">{{Cite web |date=14 January 2012 |title=Belgians on Costa Concordia unharmed |url=http://www.deredactie.be/cm/vrtnieuws.english/news/1.1195675 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120801011037/http://www.deredactie.be/cm/vrtnieuws.english/news/1.1195675 |archive-date=1 August 2012 |access-date=14 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="aftonbladet1">{{Cite news |last=Bergfeldt |first=Carina |date=13 January 2012 |title=Kaptenen är gripen |language=sv |trans-title=The captain is arrested |work=[[Aftonbladet]] |url=http://www.aftonbladet.se/nyheter/article14210695.ab |access-date=3 February 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="dr1">{{Cite web |last=Ritzau |author-link=Ritzau |date=14 January 2012 |title=Fire danskere reddet fra forulykket skib |trans-title=Four Danes rescued from shipwreck |url=http://www.dr.dk/Nyheder/Udland/2012/01/14/102219.htm |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120116235526/http://www.dr.dk/Nyheder/Udland/2012/01/14/102219.htm |archive-date=16 January 2012 |access-date=14 January 2012 |publisher=[[DR (broadcaster)|DR]] |language=da}}</ref>
<ref name="televisa">{{Cite web |date=16 January 2012 |title=Mexicanos sobrevivientes del crucero Concordia demandarán |trans-title=Mexican survivors of the Concordia cruise ship to sue |url=http://noticierostelevisa.esmas.com/nacional/390977/mexicanos-sobrevivientes-del-crucero-concordia-demandaran |access-date=24 July 2014 |publisher=Televisa |language=es}}</ref>
<ref name="kaleva_finnishpax">{{Cite web |date=14 January 2012 |title=Italian turmalaivan kapteeni pidätettiin |trans-title=The captain of the Italian shipwreck was arrested |url=http://www.kaleva.fi/uutiset/ulkomaat/um-onnettomuusristeilijalla-oli-tiettavasti-myos-suomalaisia/925429 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20130106151405/http://www.kaleva.fi/uutiset/ulkomaat/um-onnettomuusristeilijalla-oli-tiettavasti-myos-suomalaisia/925429 |archive-date=6 January 2013 |access-date=17 January 2012 |website=Kaleva |language=fi}}</ref>
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<ref name="uk.reuters-insurance coverage">{{Cite news |date=30 January 2012 |title=Carnival insurance coverage $510 million for ship, Reuters, 30 January 2012 |work=Reuters |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-carnival-wreck-idUKTRE80T13U20120130 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160203033101/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-carnival-wreck-idUKTRE80T13U20120130 |url-status=dead |archive-date=3 February 2016 |access-date=9 January 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="docs.newsbank-Investigators probe">{{Cite news |last1=Dinmore |first1=Guy |last2=Segreti |first2=Giulia |last3=Eleonora de Sabata |date=19 January 2012 |title=Investigators probe cruise ship's Italy routes |work=[[Financial Times]] |url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_action=doc&p_topdoc=1&p_docnum=1&p_sort=YMD_date:D&p_product=AWNB&p_text_direct-0=document_id=(%2013C5EAEF8E66DFD8%20)&p_docid=13C5EAEF8E66DFD8&p_theme=aggdocs&p_queryname=13C5EAEF8E66DFD8&f_openurl=yes&p |url-status=dead |access-date=19 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701223231/http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_action=doc&p_topdoc=1&p_docnum=1&p_sort=YMD_date%3AD&p_product=AWNB&p_text_direct-0=document_id%3D%28%2013C5EAEF8E66DFD8%20%29&p_docid=13C5EAEF8E66DFD8&p_theme=aggdocs&p_queryname=13C5EAEF8E66DFD8&f_openurl=yes&p |archive-date=1 July 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="docs.newsbank-fateful night">{{Cite news |last=Dinmore |first=Guy |date=2 March 2012 |title=Costa Concordia's fateful night |work=[[Financial Times]] |url=http://docs.newsbank.com/s/InfoWeb/aggdocs/AWNB/13D46CCADADCE460/0DF73E411D70C6CA |url-status=dead |access-date=2 March 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20240525184324/https://www.webcitation.org/65uzzd6N5?url=http://iw.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb%3Fp_action=doc&p_theme=aggdocs&p_topdoc=1&p_docnum=1&p_sort=YMD_date:D&p_product=AWNB&p_docid=13D46CCADADCE460&p_text_direct-0=document_id%3D(%2013D46CCADADCE460%20)&s_lang=en-US&p_nbid=Q55D54MQMTMzMDg4NjMwOC40NzY4N |archive-date=25 May 2024}}</ref>
<ref name="BBCDem">{{Cite news |date=24 January 2012 |title=European Parliament |publisher=BBC Democracy Live |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/democracylive/hi/europe/newsid_9684000/9684700.stm |access-date=29 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="transportation.house-Committee Hearing">{{Cite press release |title=Committee to Hold Hearing on Cruise Ship Safety |date=18 February 2012 |publisher=Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure |url=http://transportation.house.gov/news/PRArticle.aspx?NewsID=1499 |access-date=22 February 2012 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123084359/http://transportation.house.gov/News/PRArticle.aspx?NewsID=1499 |archive-date=23 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="washingtonpost-reassuring testimony">{{Cite news |last=Halsey |first=Ashley |date=29 February 2012 |title=Hearing offers reassuring testimony on North American cruise ship industry |newspaper=[[The Washington Post]] |url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/hearing-offers-reassuring-testimony-on-north-american-cruise-ship-industry/2012/02/29/gIQAjyaAjR_story.html |url-status=dead |access-date=2 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160311150848/https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/trafficandcommuting/hearing-offers-reassuring-testimony-on-north-american-cruise-ship-industry/2012/02/29/gIQAjyaAjR_story.html |archive-date=11 March 2016}}</ref>
<ref name="cruising-Muster Policy">{{Cite news |title=Passenger Muster Policy |publisher=Cruise Lines International Association |url=http://www.cruising.org/regulatory/cruise-industry-policies/passenger-muster-policy |url-status=dead |access-date=14 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120213165835/http://www.cruising.org/regulatory/cruise-industry-policies/passenger-muster-policy |archive-date=13 February 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="telegraph-safety drills">{{Cite news |date=10 February 2012 |title=Cruise ships introduce mandatory pre-departure safety drills |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/travelnews/9073879/Cruise-ships-introduce-mandatory-pre-departure-safety-drills.html |url-status=dead |access-date=10 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120211013627/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/travelnews/9073879/Cruise-ships-introduce-mandatory-pre-departure-safety-drills.html |archive-date=11 February 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="travel.usatoday-kicked off ship">{{Cite news |last=Sloan |first=Gene |date=2 February 2012 |title=Cruiser kicked off ship for safety drill 'non-compliance' |work=[[USA Today]] |url=http://travel.usatoday.com/cruises/post/2012/02/cruise-ship-muster-drill-holland-america/618481/1 |access-date=3 February 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="telegraph-new safety measures">{{Cite news |date=24 April 2012 |title=Costa Concordia: new safety measures announced |work=[[The Daily Telegraph]] |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/cruises/cruise-news/9223750/Costa-Concordia-new-safety-measures-announced.html |url-status=dead |access-date=24 April 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120424235445/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/cruises/cruise-news/9223750/Costa-Concordia-new-safety-measures-announced.html |archive-date=24 April 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="docs.newsbank-fallout hits oil">{{Cite news |last1=Dinmore |first1=Guy |last2=Eleonora de Sabata |date=9 February 2012 |title=Cruise ship fallout hits oil and gas producers |work=[[Financial Times]] |url=http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_action=doc&p_topdoc=1&p_docnum=1&p_sort=YMD_date:D&p_product=AWNB&p_text_direct-0=document_id=(%2013CD2B25EC1AE4C0%20)&p_docid=13CD2B25EC1AE4C0&p_theme=aggdocs&p_queryname=13CD2B25EC1AE4C0&f_openurl=yes&p |url-status=dead |access-date=12 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190701223523/http://infoweb.newsbank.com/iw-search/we/InfoWeb?p_action=doc&p_topdoc=1&p_docnum=1&p_sort=YMD_date%3AD&p_product=AWNB&p_text_direct-0=document_id%3D%28%2013CD2B25EC1AE4C0%20%29&p_docid=13CD2B25EC1AE4C0&p_theme=aggdocs&p_queryname=13CD2B25EC1AE4C0&f_openurl=yes&p |archive-date=1 July 2019}}</ref>
<ref name="edition.cnn-disaster focuses attention">{{Cite news |last1=LaPosta |first1=Diane |last2=Lister |first2=Tim |date=8 July 2012 |title=Concordia disaster focuses attention on how cruise industry operates |publisher=CNN |url=http://edition.cnn.com/2012/07/04/world/europe/costa-concordia/index.html?iid=article_sidebar |access-date=10 July 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="nytimes-Rescue Resume">{{Cite news |last1=Pianigiani |first1=Gaia |last2=Cowell |first2=Alan |date=20 January 2012 |title=Costa Concordia Cruise Ship Rescue Resume in Italy |work=[[The New York Times]] |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/20/world/europe/costa-concordia-cruise-ship-recuse-efforts-resume-in-italy.html |url-status=live |access-date=19 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120119200116/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/20/world/europe/costa-concordia-cruise-ship-recuse-efforts-resume-in-italy.html |archive-date=19 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="khaleejtimes-unbelievable crash">{{Cite news |last=Knightley |first=Phillip |date=23 January 2012 |title=The unbelievable crash |work=[[Khaleej Times]] |url=http://www.khaleejtimes.com/DisplayArticle.asp?xfile=data/opinion/2012/January/opinion_January85.xml&section=opinion&col= |url-status=live |access-date=22 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120123043644/http://khaleejtimes.com/displayarticle.asp?xfile=data%2Fopinion%2F2012%2FJanuary%2Fopinion_January85.xml&section=opinion&col= |archive-date=23 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="BBC16577739">{{Cite news |date=16 January 2012 |title=Costa Concordia: Italy press reacts to Giglio disaster |work=BBC News |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-16577739 |access-date=16 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="Grazie, Capitano">{{Cite news |last=Grosso |first=Aldo |date=18 January 2012 |title=Grazie, Capitano |language=it |trans-title=Thank You, Captain |work=Corriere della Sera |url=http://www.corriere.it/editoriali/12_gennaio_18/grasso-grazie-capitano_5e27d752-419a-11e1-9408-1d8705f8e70e.shtml |access-date=21 January 2012 |quote=''Da una parte un uomo irrimediabilmente perso, un comandante codardo e fellone che rifugge alle sue responsabilità, di uomo e di ufficiale, e che si sta macchiando di un'onta incancellabile ... Dall'altra un uomo energico che capisce immediatamente la portata della tragedia e cerca di richiamare con voce alterata il vile ai suoi obblighi.''(On the one hand, a man irremediably lost, a cowardly and felon commander who shuns his responsibilities, as a man and as an officer, and who is staining himself with an indelible shame ... On the other, an energetic man who immediately understands the significance of tragedy and tries to call the coward back to his obligations with an altered voice)}}</ref>
<ref name="NYT Rome memo">{{Cite news |last=Povoledo |first=Elisabetta |date=20 January 2012 |title=Italy Finds a Heroic Foil for Its Scorned Captain |work=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/20/world/europe/italians-embrace-a-hero-after-cruise-ship-accident.html |access-date=21 January 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="telegraph-t-shirts">{{Cite news |last=Squires |first=Nick |display-authors=etal |date=18 January 2012 |title=Costa Concordia: Italians buy t-shirts with 'Get back on board, for ----'s sake!' logo (The Telegraph, 19 January 2012) |work=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/9022477/Costa-Concordia-Italians-buy-t-shirts-with-Get-back-on-board-for-s-sake-logo.html |url-status=live |url-access=subscription |access-date=19 January 2012 |archive-url=https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220112/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/9022477/Costa-Concordia-Italians-buy-t-shirts-with-Get-back-on-board-for-s-sake-logo.html |archive-date=12 January 2022}}{{cbignore}}</ref>
<ref name="bbc-Giglio memorial">{{Cite news |date=12 July 2012 |title=Costa Concordia rock will create Giglio memorial (video) |work=[[BBC News]] |url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-18820104 |access-date=4 January 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="lloydslistdcn-own best lifeboat">{{Cite news |date=18 January 2012 |title=A ship is its 'own best lifeboat' |work=Lloyd's List Australia |url=http://www.lloydslistdcn.com.au/archive/2012/01-jan/18/a-ship-is-its-2018own-best-lifeboat2019 |url-status=dead |access-date=20 January 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130521045701/http://www.lloydslistdcn.com.au/archive/2012/01-jan/18/a-ship-is-its-2018own-best-lifeboat2019 |archive-date=21 May 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="Mer et Marine 2012-01-30 A">{{Cite news |date=30 January 2012 |title=Le naufrage du Concordia ne remet pas en cause le gigantisme des paquebots |language=fr |trans-title=The sinking of the Concordia does not call into question the gigantism of the liners |work=Mer et Marine |url=http://www.meretmarine.com/article.cfm?id=118613 |access-date=1 February 2012}}</ref>
<ref name="Mer et Marine 2012-01-30 B">{{Cite news |date=30 January 2012 |title=Quelles sont les procédures en cas d'évacuation d'un paquebot ? |language=fr |trans-title=What are the procedures in the event of an evacuation of a liner? |work=Mer et Marine |url=http://www.meretmarine.com/article.cfm?id=118611 |access-date=2012-02-01}}</ref>

<ref name="Harbour master log">{{Cite news |date=24 January 2012 |title=Costa Concordia: Harbour master's log shows how the disaster unfolded |work=The Daily Telegraph |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/italy/9030216/Costa-Concordia-Harbour-masters-log-shows-how-the-disaster-unfolded.html |access-date=31 December 2012}}</ref>
<!--ref name="giglionews-WebCam Giglio">{{Cite news |title=WebCam Giglio Porto Panoramica |publisher=GiglioNews snc |location=Giglio, Italy |url=http://www.giglionews.it/2010022440919/webcam/isola-del-giglio/webcam-giglio-porto-panoramica.html |access-date=5 January 2013}}</ref>
<ref name="channel4-Terror at Sea">{{Cite web |date=13 January 2012 |title="Terror at Sea: The Sinking of the Costa Concordia" at |url=http://www.channel4.com/programmes/terror-at-sea-the-sinking-of-the-concordia |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131106231543/http://www.channel4.com/programmes/terror-at-sea-the-sinking-of-the-concordia/4od |archive-date=2013-11-06 |access-date=9 January 2013 |publisher=Channel 4}}</ref>
<ref name="channel4-Caught on Camera">{{Cite news |title=The Sinking of the Concordia: Caught on Camera |publisher=Channel 4 |url=http://www.channel4.com/programmes/the-sinking-of-the-concordia-caught-on-camera |access-date=9 January 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130124001440/http://www.channel4.com/programmes/the-sinking-of-the-concordia-caught-on-camera |archive-date=2013-01-24}}</ref>
<ref name="qicknews.de-WebCam Giglio">{{Cite news |title=WebCam Giglio Porto Panoramica |publisher=GiglioNews snc |location=qicknews.de |url=http://www.qicknews.de/index.php/costa-concordia-live-bergung |access-date=15 January 2013}}</ref-->
}}

==External links==
{{sisterlinks|d=Q1245004|c=category:January 2012 grounding of the Costa Concordia (ship, 2006)|n=no|b=no|v=no|voy=no|m=no|mw=no|wikt=no|s=no|q=no|display=''Costa Concordia'' disaster}}

*[https://www.pbs.org/video/nova-sunken-ship-rescue/ Sunken Ship Rescue], Nova, Season 42 Episode 2, PBS, aired 1-21-2015. – Documentary of ''Costa Concordia''.
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20121112025634/http://www.theparbucklingproject.com/ www.theparbucklingproject.com] – The parbuckling project: ''Costa Concordia'' wreck removal project site
* "[https://web.archive.org/web/20120208043002/http://www.costacruise.com/B2C/EU/Info/concordia_statement.htm Costa Concordia{{snd}}update]" from Costa Cruises
* "[https://web.archive.org/web/20160203033100/http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?c=200767&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1648204&highlight= Statement Regarding Costa Concordia]" from [[Carnival Corporation & plc]], 14 January 2012
* [https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/jan/17/costa-concordia-transcript-coastguard-captain Translated transcript of telephone call between captain and coastguard]
* Interrogation transcript of Cpt. Francesco Schettino by the investigating judge and prosecutors: [https://web.archive.org/web/20141031124436/http://www.ilsecoloxix.it/rw/IlSecoloXIXWEB/italia/documenti/schettino1.pdf 1], [https://web.archive.org/web/20141031122249/http://www.ilsecoloxix.it/rw/IlSecoloXIXWEB/italia/documenti/shettino2.pdf 2], [https://web.archive.org/web/20141031123305/http://www.ilsecoloxix.it/rw/IlSecoloXIXWEB/italia/documenti/shettino3.pdf 3]
{{Costa Cruises}}
{{Concordia class}}
{{2012 shipwrecks}}

[[Category:2012 in Italy]]
[[Category:2012 in the environment]]
[[Category:2012 scandals]]
[[Category:Arcipelago Toscano National Park]]
[[Category:Corporate scandals]]
[[Category:Costa Cruises]]
[[Category:History of Tuscany]]
[[Category:January 2012 events in Italy]]
[[Category:Manslaughter in Italy]]
[[Category:Marine salvage operations]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 2012]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in Italy]]
[[Category:Province of Grosseto]]
[[Category:Scandals in Italy]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks in the Mediterranean Sea]]
[[Category:Tyrrhenian Sea]]
[[Category:Sunken cruise ships]]
[[Category:Ship grounding]]
[[Category:Isola del Giglio]]
[[Category:2012 disasters in Italy]]