View source for Dehalococcoidia

{{Short description|Class of bacteria}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| grandparent_authority = Löffler et al. 2013<ref name="Löffler">{{cite journal | vauthors = Löffler FE, Yan J, Ritalahti KM, Adrian L, Edwards EA, Konstantinidis KT, Muller JA, Fullerton H, Zinder SH, ((Spormann AM.)) | title = ''Dehalococcoides mccartyi'' gen. nov., sp. nov., obligately organohalide-respiring anaerobic bacteria relevant to halogen cycling and bioremediation, belong to a novel bacterial class, ''Dehalococcoidia'' classis nov., order ''Dehalococcoidales'' ord. nov. and family ''Dehalococcoidaceae'' fam. nov., within the phylum ''Chloroflexi'' | journal = Int J Syst Evol Microbiol | year = 2013 | volume = 63 | issue = Pt 2 | pages = 625–635 | doi = 10.1099/ijs.0.034926-0 | pmid = 22544797}}</ref>
| parent_authority = Löffler et al. 2013<ref name="Löffler"/>
| taxon = Dehalococcoidaceae
| authority = Löffler et al. 2013<ref name="Löffler"/>
| subdivision_ranks = Genera
| subdivision =
* ''[[Dehalococcoides]]'' <small>Löffler et al. 2013</small>
* ''[[Dehalogenimonas]]'' <small>Moe et al. 2009</small>
| synonyms =
* "''Dehalococcoidetes''" <small>Hugenholtz and Stackebrandt 2004</small><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Hugenholtz | first1 = P. | last2 = Stackebrandt | first2 = E. | title = Reclassification of Sphaerobacter thermophilus from the subclass Sphaerobacteridae in the phylum Actinobacteria to the class Thermomicrobia (emended description) in the phylum Chloroflexi (emended description) | doi = 10.1099/ijs.0.03028-0 | journal = International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology | volume = 54 | issue = 6 | pages = 2049–2051 | year = 2004 | pmid = 15545432 | doi-access = free}}</ref>
}}

'''''Dehalococcoidia''''' is a class of [[Chloroflexota]], a [[phylum]] of [[Bacteria]]. It is also known as the DHC group.<ref>{{Cite journal|author1=Lebron, C. A. |author2=Petrovskis, E. |author3=Loeffler, F. |author4= Henn, K. |name-list-style=amp |date=2011|title=Guidance Protocol: Application of Nucleic Acid-Based Tools for Monitoring Monitored Natural Attenuation (MNA), Biostimulation, and Bioaugmentation at Chlorinated Solvent Sites|url=https://clu-in.org/download/techfocus/biochlor/Bio-MNA-ER-200518-Guidance.pdf}}</ref>

The name ''Dehalococcoidetes'' is a placeholder name given by Hugenholtz and Stackebrandt, 2004, after ''Dehalococcoides ethenogenes'', a [[Bacterial taxonomy|partially described]] [[species]] in 1997,<ref name=Dehalococcoides>{{Cite journal | last1 = Maymo-Gatell | first1 = X. | last2 = Chien | first2 = Y. | last3 = Gossett | first3 = J. M. | last4 = Zinder | first4 = S. H. | title = Isolation of a Bacterium That Reductively Dechlorinates Tetrachloroethene to Ethene | doi = 10.1126/science.276.5318.1568 | journal = Science | volume = 276 | issue = 5318 | pages = 1568–1571 | year = 1997 | pmid =  9171062}}</ref> whereas the first species fully described belonging to this class was ''[[Dehalogenimonas lykanthroporepellens]]'' by Moe et al. 2009, but no emendations to the name were made.<ref name=Dehalogenimonas>{{cite journal |author1=Moe W.M. |author2=Yan J. |author3=Nobre M.F. |author4=Da Costa M.S. |author5=Rainey F.A. | year = 2009 | title = Dehalogenimonas lykanthroporepellens gen. nov., sp. nov., a reductively dehalogenating bacterium isolated from chlorinated solvent-contaminated groundwater | journal = International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology  | volume = 59 | pages = 2692–2697 | doi = 10.1099/ijs.0.011502-0  | issue = 11 | pmid=19625421| doi-access = free }}</ref><ref>{{lpsn|classifphyla|Classification}}</ref><ref>{{lpsn|d/dehalogenimonas|Dehalogenimonas}}</ref>

==Characteristics==
Both species, ''Dehalococcoides ethenogenes'' and ''Dehalogenimonas lykanthroporepellens'' are irregular [[coccus]] (coccoid) bacteria capable of [[Dehalogenation|dehalogenating]] polychlorinated aliphatic alkanes and alkenes, such as [[tetrachloroethene]], [[trichloropropane]], [[trichloroethane]], [[dichloropropane]], and [[dichloroethane]].<ref name="science">{{cite journal |vauthors=Maymo-Gatell X, Chien Y, Gossett JM, Zinder SH | year = 1997 | title = Isolation of a bacterium that reductively dechlorinates tetrachloroethene to ethene | journal =  Science  | volume =  276 | pages = 1568&ndash;1571 | pmid = 9171062 | doi = 10.1126/science.276.5318.1568 | issue = 5318}}</ref>

One of the features of the members of the phylum [[Chloroflexota]] is the unusual [[cell wall|cell wall structure]], which is [[monoderm]] but with great variation in presence or structure of the [[peptidoglycan]] resulting in many members staining [[Gram-negative]] and other [[Gram-positive]].<ref name=Bergey><!--REF COPY PASTE FROM Talk:Bergey%27s_Manual_of_Systematic_Bacteriology-->{{cite book |series=Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology|volume=2A|title=Introductory Essays|editor=George M. Garrity |author=Don J. Brenner |author2=Noel R. Krieg |author3=James T. Staley |publisher=Springer|location= New York |edition=2nd|isbn=978-0-387-24143-2 |pages=304 |url=https://www.springer.com/life+sciences/book/978-0-387-24143-2 |date=July 26, 2005| orig-year  =1984(Williams & Wilkins)|id=British Library no. GBA561951}}</ref>
Both species of Dehalococcoidetes stain [[Gram negative]], but they potentially lack peptidoglycan and instead possess pseudopeptidoglycan{{dubious|reason=Not archaea, extraordinary claim not backed by extraordinary reference|date=July 2022}} (S-layer) (resistant to peptidoglycan-attacking antibiotics [[ampicillin]] and [[vancomycin]]; [[wheat germ agglutinin]] does not bind nor does [[lysozyme]] work).{{failed verification|date=July 2022}}<ref name=Dehalococcoides/><ref name=Dehalogenimonas/><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Fazi | first1 = S. | last2 = Aulenta | first2 = F. | last3 = Majone | first3 = M. | last4 = Rossetti | first4 = S. | title = Improved quantification of Dehalococcoides species by fluorescence in situ hybridization and catalyzed reporter deposition | journal = Systematic and Applied Microbiology | volume = 31 | issue = 1 | pages = 62–67 | year = 2008 | pmid = 18249080 | doi = 10.1016/j.syapm.2007.11.001}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[Bioaugmentation]]
* [[List of bacterial orders]]
* [[List of bacteria genera]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{Bacteria classification|state=collapsed}}
{{Taxonbar|from=Q5252211}}
[[Category:Dehalococcoidetes]]
[[Category:Chloroflexota]]
{{Bacteria-stub}}