View source for Effects of Cyclone Amphan in India

{{Short description|none}}
{{Infobox weather event
| name = Cyclone Amphan
| image = Amphan 2020-05-20 0730Z.jpg
| caption = Cyclone Amphan making landfall on West Bengal on 20 May
| date = 20–21 May 2020
}}{{Infobox weather event/IMD
| winds = 85
| pressure = 960
}}{{Infobox weather event/JTWC
| winds = 95
| pressure = 
}}{{Infobox weather event/Effects
| year = 2020
| fatalities = 98
| damage = 13500000000
| areas = [[West Bengal]], [[Odisha]], [[Bangladesh]]
| refs = 
}}{{Infobox weather event/Footer
| season = [[2020 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]]
}}

[[Cyclone Amphan]] was the costliest tropical cyclone ever recorded in India and the North Indian Ocean, and the strongest cyclone ever since the [[1999 Odisha cyclone|1999 Odisha Cyclone]]. It was the first storm, and strongest of the historic [[2020 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]], the costliest recorded cyclone season. It made landfall in [[West Bengal]] with 100&nbsp;mph winds. Within India, the storm killed 98 people, and caused $13.8 billion (2020 [[USD]]). Amphan produced extremely high winds that ripped roofs off houses and uprooted trees, and storm surges of {{convert|15|feet|metres|abbr=on}} in areas like [[Digha]], West Bengal.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Bloch|first=Matthew|date=2020-05-20|title=Live Cyclone Amphan Map: Tracking the Storm's Path|language=en-US|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/05/19/world/asia/amphan-cyclone-map.html|access-date=2021-01-13|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|last1=Freedman|first1=Andrew|last2=Slater|first2=Joanna|title=Cyclone Amphan poses extreme storm surge danger for eastern India, Bangladesh|language=en-US|work=Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2020/05/19/cyclone-amphan-india-bangladesh-storm-surge/|access-date=2021-01-13|issn=0190-8286}}</ref>

== Background ==
{{storm path|Amphan 2020 track.png}}
During 13 May 2020, an area of low pressure developed over the Southeastern Bay of Bengal about {{convert|1,020|km|mi|round=5|abbr=on|comma=off}} to the southeast of [[Visakhapatnam]] in the Indian state of [[Andhra Pradesh]].<ref>{{cite report|url=https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/DEMS/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20200513/071900/A_WTIN20DEMS130719_C_RJTD_20200513072446_98.txt|title=Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean May 13, 2020 06z|last=|first=|date=13 May 2020|publisher=India Meteorological Department|issue=|doi=|volume=|pmid=|access-date=}}</ref><ref name="STWA 13/05/20">{{cite report|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/abpwweb.txt|title=Significant Tropical Weather Advisory for the Indian Ocean May 13, 2020 18z|last=|first=|date=13 May 2020|publisher=United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center|issue=|doi=|volume=|pmid=}}</ref>

Over the next couple of days, the system became more marked as it gradually consolidated further, with bands of deep [[atmospheric convection]] wrapping into the system's low-level center.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/DEMS/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20200513/071900/A_WTIN20DEMS130719_C_RJTD_20200513072446_98.txt|title=Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean May 14, 2020 06z|last=|first=|date=14 May 2020|publisher=India Meteorological Department|issue=|doi=|volume=|pmid=}}</ref><ref name="TCFA 15/05/20">{{cite report|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/|title=Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert May 15, 2020 10z|last=|first=|date=15 May 2020|publisher=United States Joint Typhoon Warning Center|issue=|doi=|volume=|pmid=|access-date=13 January 2021|archive-date=18 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200518200022/https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/PGTW/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20200515/100000/A_WTIO21PGTW151000_C_RJTD_20200515095331_29.txt|url-status=dead}}</ref> During 16 May, the [[India Meteorological Department]] (IMD) reported that the area of low pressure had developed into a depression and designated it as BOB&nbsp;01 while it was located about {{convert|1100|km|mi|round=5|abbr=on}} to the south of Paradip in the Indian state of Odisha.<ref>{{cite report|url=https://www.wis-jma.go.jp/d/o/DEMS/Alphanumeric/Warning/Tropical_cyclone/20200513/071900/A_WTIN20DEMS130719_C_RJTD_20200513072446_98.txt|title=Tropical Weather Outlook for the North Indian Ocean May 16, 2020 04:05z|last=|first=|date=14 May 2020|publisher=India Meteorological Department|issue=|doi=|volume=|pmid=}}</ref> 
Moving northwards, the depression continually organized and became a cyclonic storm a few hours later, receiving the name ''Amphan''. Due to conductive environments., Amphan underwent [[rapid intensification]] into a severe cyclonic storm, with the JTWC assessing an increase in winds from {{convert|140|km/h|mph|abbr=on}} at 12:00&nbsp;UTC to {{convert|215|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}, the equivalent to a Category&nbsp;4 hurricane on the [[Saffir–Simpson scale]] (SSHWS), just six hours later.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Indias Super Cyclone – Amphan|url=https://www.severe-weather.eu/tropical-weather/india-cyclone-amphan-bengal-mk/amp/|website=Severe weather.eu|date=19 May 2020}}</ref> Furthermore, the IMD upgraded Amphan to an extremely severe cyclonic storm on their cyclone intensity scale.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|title=Bulletin no. 19 (Bay of Bengal 01/2020)|url=http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/bulletin/indian.pdf|website=rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in}}</ref> The broad storm was characterized by a cloud shield extending more than {{convert|1,110|km|mi|abbr=on}} and a sharply-outlined 10 nautical mile-wide [[Eye (cyclone)|eye]].<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=18 May 2020|title=Tropical cyclone Amphan threatens India and Bangladesh|url=https://public-old.wmo.int/en/media/news/cyclone-amphan-highlights-value-of-multi-hazard-early-warnings|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231218175614/https://public-old.wmo.int/en/media/news/cyclone-amphan-highlights-value-of-multi-hazard-early-warnings|url-status=dead|archive-date=December 18, 2023|website=World Meteorological Organization}}</ref>

On May 18, the IMD classified Amphan as a Super Cyclonic Storm, with 3-minute sustained winds of 240 kph, reaching its peak intensity later that day.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=15 January 2021|title=IMD Best track|url=http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/pdf/archive/bulletins/2020/ramphan.pdf|access-date=15 January 2021|website=}}</ref>

Early on May 20, Amphan went through an [[eyewall replacement cycle]].<ref>{{Cite news|last=|first=|date=|title=Life threatening storm surge – Cyclone Amphan|work=The Washington Post|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2020/05/18/category-5-cyclone-amphan-takes-aim-northeastern-india-bangladesh-with-life-threatening-storm-surge/?outputType=amp}}</ref> Amphan was on a weakening trend.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=16 May 2020|title=Amphan continues to weaken as it bears down on the Bengal coast|url=https://www.reddit.com/r/TropicalWeather/comments/gkyycb/amphan_01b_bay_of_bengal/|access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref> Around 5:30&nbsp;p.m. [[Indian Standard Time|IST]] (12:00 UTC), Amphan made landfall as a Very Severe Cyclonic storm near [[Bakkhali]], [[West Bengal]] with winds of {{convert|155|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=|first=|title=In pictures: Cyclone Amphan hits India and Bangladesh|work=|publisher=CNN|url=https://edition.cnn.com/2020/05/20/asia/gallery/cyclone-amphan/index.html}}</ref> As it moved further inland, Amphan rapidly weakened. Just six hours after landfall, the JTWC downgraded the storm to a Category 1-equivalent cyclone and issued its final warning on the system, as it became disorganized.<ref>{{Cite web|last=|first=|date=20 May 2020|title=Tropical cyclone 01B (Amphan) Warning Nr 018|url=https://www.metoc.navy.mil/jtwc/products/io0120web.txt|website=Joint Typhoon Warning Center}}</ref> On 21 May, Amphan dissipated into a well-marked low pressure area.

== Preparations ==
[[File:Amphan 2020-05-19 0736Z.jpg|thumb|Amphan approaching [[East India]] and [[Bangladesh]] on 19&nbsp;May]]

=== Odisha ===
The government of Odisha directed the [[District magistrate|magistrates]] of four [[List of districts of Odisha|districts]] on 15&nbsp;May to establish shelter homes for possible evacuees.<ref name="OdishaBracing">{{cite news|last1=Mohanty|first1=Debabrata|title=Odisha bracing for possible cyclone, 12 districts on alert|work=Hindustan Times|publisher=HT Media Limited|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/odisha-bracing-for-possible-cyclone-12-districts-on-alert/story-BLW4ir3Gc38e8k1QhrO1WK.html}}</ref> Odisha Chief Secretary Asit Kumar Tripathy initially identified 403&nbsp;possible cyclone shelters in areas potentially impacted by Amphan, though 105&nbsp;served as temporary medical centres for quarantines associated with the concurrent [[COVID-19 pandemic in India|COVID-19 pandemic]].<ref name="ZeroCasualtyTarget">{{cite news|date=17 May 2020|title=CM Naveen Patnaik sets 'zero casualty' target for cyclone Amphan|work=The New Indian Express|agency=Express News Service|location=Bhubaneswar, India|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/odisha/2020/may/17/cm-naveen-patnaik-sets-zero-casualty-target-for-cyclone-amphan-2144390.html|access-date=18 May 2020}}</ref> Shelters could only be filled to one-third capacity to maintain [[social distancing]] guidelines due to the pandemic.<ref name="LikelyToIntensify">{{cite news|last1=Nandi|first1=Jayashree|last2=Thakur|first2=Joydeep|date=18 May 2020|title=Cyclone Amphan likely to intensify, hit Bengal soon|work=Hindustan Times|location=Bhubaneswar, India|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cyclone-amphan-likely-to-intensify-hit-bengal-soon/story-nwfhMMbOhrJ2cDSdy2B2fN.html}}</ref><ref name="MillionsAheadOfSuperCyclone">{{cite news|title=Amphan: India and Bangladesh evacuate millions ahead of super cyclone|work=BBC News|publisher=BBC|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-52718826}}</ref>

=== West Bengal ===
[[File:Amphan 1825 190520.gif|thumb|left|Satellite animation of Amphan rapidly intensifying on 17 May.|alt=Infrared satellite animation of Amphan rapidly intensifying, an eye has formed over the center]]

Social distancing restrictions in West Bengal reduced evacuation capacity in shelters from 500,000&nbsp;people to 200,000&nbsp;people.<ref name="TellMillionsToEvacuate">{{cite news|last1=Brackett|first1=Ron|date=18 May 2020|title=India, Bangladesh Tell Millions to Evacuate as Tropical Cyclone Amphan Approaches|work=The Weather Channel|publisher=TWC Product and Technology|url=https://weather.com/news/news/2020-05-19-cyclone-amphan-india-bangladesh-evacuations}}</ref> The [[Kolkata Municipal Corporation]] located schools and community centres for possible use as temporary shelters to augment evacuation capacity.<ref name="OdishaSwings">{{cite news|last1=Sharma|first1=Vikash|date=16 May 2020|title=Cyclone Amphan: With 7 Lakh Expected To Be Affected, Odisha Swings Into Action Mode|work=Odishatv.in|publisher=Odisha Television|location=Bhubaneswar, India|url=https://odishatv.in/odisha/cyclone-amphan-with-7-lakh-expected-to-be-affected-odisha-swings-into-action-mode-451892}}</ref><ref name="SetToHit">{{cite news|last=|first=|title=Cyclone Amphan set to hit West Bengal today|work=The Times of India|publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Company|agency=Times News Network|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kolkata/beast-from-bay-bears-down-on-bengal-at-185kmph-3-lakh-shifted-from-4-dists/articleshow/75837216.cms}}</ref> At least 1,704&nbsp;shelters were ultimately established in Odisha and more than 2,000 were used in West Bengal, including schools and public buildings.<ref name="HurtlesTowardsBengal">{{cite news|last=|first=|title=Over 1 lakh evacuated in Odisha as cyclone Amphan hurtles towards Bengal coast|work=The Free Press Journal|agency=Asian News International|location=Bhubaneswar, India|url=https://www.freepressjournal.in/india/over-1-lakh-evacuated-in-odisha-as-cyclone-amphan-hurtles-towards-bengal-coast}}</ref>  The government of West Bengal planned to evacuate 200,000&nbsp;people from their homes by 18&nbsp;May;<ref name="IndiaBangladesh2Million">{{cite news|last=|first=|title=India and Bangladesh to evacuate 2 million people as Cyclone Amphan approaches|work=South China Morning Post|agency=Agence France-Presse|url=https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/south-asia/article/3084949/india-and-bangladesh-evacuate-2-million-people-cyclone-amphan}}</ref> nearly 300,000&nbsp;people evacuated in total from the state, including 200,000 from [[North 24 Parganas district]] and more than 40,000&nbsp;from [[Sagar Island]].<ref name="PosesExtremeStormSurge">{{cite news|last1=Freedman|first1=Andrew|last2=Slater|first2=Joanna|title=Cyclone Amphan poses extreme storm surge danger for eastern India, Bangladesh|work=The Washington Post|location=Washington, D.C.|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/weather/2020/05/19/cyclone-amphan-india-bangladesh-storm-surge/}}</ref><ref name="ThreeLakhEvacuated">{{cite news|last1=Nag|first1=Jayari|title=West Bengal: Three lakh people evacuated to safety ahead of 'Amphan' landfall|work=Bangalore Mirror|publisher=Bennett, Coleman & Company|url=https://bangaloremirror.indiatimes.com/news/india/west-bengal-three-lakh-people-evacuated-to-safety-ahead-of-amphan-landfall/articleshow/75828078.cms}}</ref><ref name="AlertSoundedPreparationsUnderway">{{cite news|last1=Loiwal|first1=Manogya|title=Alert sounded, preparations underway to safeguard districts in West Bengal from cyclone Amphan|work=India Today|publisher=Living Media India|location=Digha, India|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/alert-sounded-preparations-underway-to-safeguard-districts-in-west-bengal-from-cyclone-amphan-1679437-2020-05-19}}</ref>

== Impact ==
=== West Bengal ===
[[File:Kolkata_after_Amphan_06.jpg|thumb|Damage from Cyclone Amphan in Kolkata]]

The coastal districts recorded an estimated gusts of {{Cvt|180|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}.<ref name="BBC News">{{Cite news|date=2020-05-21|title=Amphan: Kolkata devastated as cyclone kills scores in India and Bangladesh|language=en-GB|work=BBC News|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-52749935|access-date=2021-01-14}}</ref>

In [[Kolkata]], reports of car being overturned, trees uprooted and downed power lines caused into havoc. Some parts of the city remained without power. The streets were waterlogged and trees blocking the roads. Some districts got power in the middle of the night after the storm had passed. The [[CCU Airport|airport]] was remained shut and became waterlogged, many structural damages were reported.<ref>{{Cite web|title=At Least 12 Dead As Cyclone Amphan Wrecks Parts Of Bengal: 10 Points|url=https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/cyclone-amphan-at-least-12-dead-as-cyclone-amphan-wrecks-parts-of-west-bengal-homes-destroyed-2232479|access-date=2021-01-14|website=NDTV.com}}</ref> Chief Minister Mamata Banerjee even stated that "a bigger disaster than [[COVID-19 pandemic|Covid-19]]".<ref name="BBC News"/> [[Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose International Airport|Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Airport]], [[Kolkata]], recorded highest wind speed of 133&nbsp;km/h on 20 May 2020. Other parts of [[Kolkata]] experienced wind speed of 110–130&nbsp;km/h.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-20|title=Cyclone Amphan batters Bengal, winds over 120 kmph in Kolkata|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/cyclone-amphan-to-completely-enter-land-by-7-pm-strong-winds-to-continue-after-lull-imd/story-fL13qjLaJsnaJ02APDDcQK.html|access-date=2021-06-01|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

=== Odisha ===

Although the state have escaped the worst part of the cyclone, it caused significant impact in the Odisha–West Bengal border districts. It affected 4.5 million people in the state. Due to high gust winds and intense rainfall, districts like [[Bhadrak district|Bhadrak]] and [[Kendrapara district|Kendrapara]] suffered especially for the paddy farmers since the paddy fields became unsuitable for paddy cultivation which was inundated by saline water due to storm surge. According to the Odisha Government, 3 million people remained without power due to power outage and it took a while to return to normalcy whereas the roads were being cleared by the [[National Disaster Response Force|National Disaster Response Force (NDRF)]]. In [[Mahakalapada]] and [[Rajanagar]], around {{convert|500|acres|ha|abbr=on}} of lands were destroyed also because of saline water ingression and hundreds of acres of [[rabi crop]]s were destroyed in [[Balasore district|Balasore]] and [[Bhadrak district|Bhadrak]] district.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Barik|first=Satyasundar|date=2020-05-21|title=Super cyclone Amphan leaves 45 lakh affected in Odisha|language=en-IN|work=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/super-cyclone-amphan-leaves-45-lakh-affected-in-odisha/article31639588.ece|access-date=2021-01-14|issn=0971-751X}}</ref>

In the [[Dhamra Port|Dharma Port]], an estimated wind speed of {{Cvt|120|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}} were recorded while [[Paradeep|Paradip]] recorded only {{Cvt|100|km/h|mph|abbr=on|round=5}}.<ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-05-21|title=3 dead as Cyclone Amphan crosses Odisha before making landfall in Bengal|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/3-dead-as-cyclone-amphan-crosses-odisha-before-making-landfall-in-bengal/story-DvIAOCX2kG6L4IJtjzaurO.html|access-date=2021-01-14|website=Hindustan Times|language=en}}</ref>

=== South India ===
[[File:Amphan 2020.gif|thumb|left|Amphan weakening over Bangladesh as unsettled weather extends into Bhutan]]
Rains and strong winds from Amphan swept across many districts in [[Kerala]] beginning on May&nbsp;16.<ref name="HeavyRainsKerala">{{cite news|last1=N.|first1=Smitha|date=18 May 2020|title=Cyclone Amphan intensifies, heavy rains in Kerala|work=Deccan Chronicle|location=Kochi, India|url=https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/180520/cyclone-amphan-to-intensify-into-super-cyclone-by-evening-mha.html|access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref> Thunderstorms associated with Amphan caused severe [[coastal erosion]] in the [[Valiyathura]] suburb of [[Thiruvananthapuram]], damaging roads and destroying homes and threatening to displace over a hundred families from their homes.<ref name="AmphanRavagesCoast">{{cite news|last1=Mohan|first1=Shainu|date=20 May 2020|title=Super Cyclone Amphan ravages coast|work=The New Indian Express|agency=Express News Service|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/thiruvananthapuram/2020/may/20/super-cyclone-amphan-ravages-coast-2145417.html|access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref> Strong winds inflicted severe damage in [[Kottayam district]], especially in [[Vaikom]] taluk, where homes and temples were impacted and trees and electric poles were downed.<ref name="VaikomBadlyHit2">{{cite news|date=19 May 2020|title=Strong winds wreak havoc in Kottayam; Vaikom badly hit|work=The New Indian Express|agency=Express News Service|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/kerala/2020/may/19/strong-winds-wreak-havoc-in-kottayam-vaikom-badly-hit-2145091.html|access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref>

A [[Indian rupee|₹]]1.47&nbsp;billion (US$19.3&nbsp;million) damage toll resulted from the destruction of 16&nbsp;homes and the partial damage of 313&nbsp;homes.<ref name="SufferDamageStormKerala">{{cite news|date=18 May 2020|title=Temples, houses suffer damage in storm in Kerala|work=Deccan Herald|publisher=The Printers|agency=Deccan Herald News Service|location=Thiruvananthapuram, India|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/south/temples-houses-suffer-damage-in-storm-in-kerala-839111.html|access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref> A high school used as a homeless shelter collapsed, causing minor injuries.<ref name="VaikomBadlyHit2"/>

Tamil Nadu faced some impact from the cyclone. Heavy winds damaged at least 100&nbsp;boats anchored in the [[Ramanathapuram district]].<ref name="100BoatsDamaged">{{cite news|date=18 May 2020|title=100 boats damaged in heavy winds|work=The Hindu|publisher=THG Publishing|location=Rameswarm, India|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/Madurai/100-boats-damaged-in-heavy-winds/article31615599.ece|access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref> Coastal erosion from rough seas generated by Amphan led to the collapse of three houses at Bommayarpalayam in [[Viluppuram district]].<ref name="ThreeHousesCollapseTN">{{cite news|last1=Marx|first1=Karal|date=19 May 2020|title=Cyclone Amphan: Three houses collapse in TN due to coastal erosion|work=The Times of India|agency=Bennett, Coleman & Company|url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/chennai/cyclone-amphan-three-houses-collapse-in-tn-due-to-coastal-erosion/articleshow/75828461.cms|access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref> Roughly 35&nbsp;acres of banana crops around [[Gandarvakottai]] and [[Aranthangi]] were destroyed.<ref name="TamilNaduBanana">{{cite news|date=19 May 2020|title=Tamil Nadu reports widespread destruction of Banana crops after strong winds and rain hit coastal districts|work=All India Radio|url=http://www.newsonair.com/News?title=Tamil-Nadu-reports-widespread-destruction-of-Banana-crops-after-strong-winds-and-rain-hit-coastal-districts&id=389022|access-date=20 May 2020|archive-date=19 May 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200519205822/http://newsonair.com/News?title=Tamil-Nadu-reports-widespread-destruction-of-Banana-crops-after-strong-winds-and-rain-hit-coastal-districts&id=389022|url-status=dead}}</ref> Northern areas of the state have heatwave-like conditions for a week because Amphan took all of the area's moisture.<ref>{{Cite news|title=Chennai braces for heatwave due to super cyclone Amphan, mercury breaches 40-degree mark|work=The New Indian Express|url=https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/chennai/2020/may/19/chennai-braces-for-heatwave-due-to-super-cyclone-amphan-mercury-breaches-40-degree-mark-2145375.html|access-date=21 May 2020}}</ref>

In Sooradapeta, near [[Kakinada]] in Andhra Pradesh, rough seas destroyed 35&nbsp;homes and damaged several others.<ref>{{cite news|date=20 May 2020|title=Fishermen hamlet reels under Amphan impact|newspaper=The Hindu|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/andhra-pradesh/fishermen-hamlet-reels-under-amphan-impact/article31636285.ece|access-date=20 May 2020}}</ref>

==Aftermath==
===International Relief===
German NGO Welthungerlife released 100,000 Euro to fund Cyclone Amphan relief efforts.<ref name="Relief">{{Cite web|url=https://healthpolicy-watch.news/cyclone-amphan-relief-efforts-ramp-up|title=Cyclone Amphan Complicates COVID-19 Response as Relief Efforts Underway in Bangladesh and India's West Bengal State - Health Policy Watch|date=25 May 2020}}</ref>
=== West Bengal ===
[[File:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_makes_an_aerial_survey_of_Amphan_Cyclone_affected_areas_in_West_Bengal,_on_May_22,_2020_(1).jpg|thumb|200 px|left| Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] making an aerial survey of Cyclone Amphan affected areas of West Bengal on May 22, 2020.]]
[[File:The_Prime_Minister,_Shri_Narendra_Modi_holds_review_meeting_with_the_officials_at_Basirhat,_West_Bengal_after_his_aerial_survey_of_the_Amphan_Cyclone_affected_areas_in_the_state,_on_May_22,_2020_(3).jpg|thumb|Prime Minister Narendra Modi held a review meeting after the aerial survey of the Cyclone Amphan affected areas of West Bengal, in [[Basirhat]] on May 22, 2020.]]

On 22&nbsp;May, Prime Minister [[Narendra Modi]] conducted an aerial survey over Kolkata, along with Chief Minister [[Mamata Banerjee]].<ref>{{cite news|date=22 May 2020|title=In PM Modi's aerial survey of cyclone-hit Bengal, CM Mamata a co-traveller|work=Hindustan Times|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/in-pm-modi-s-aerial-survey-of-cyclone-hit-bengal-cm-mamata-a-co-traveller/story-4UceFk4iXK4IIsC6Bqj6PN.html|access-date=22 May 2020}}</ref> Modi announced a ₹10&nbsp;billion (US$132&nbsp;million) immediate relief package for West Bengal and ₹5&nbsp;billion (US$66.2&nbsp;million) in relief for Odisha.<ref name="WB_Relief">{{cite news|date=22 May 2020|title=PM Modi announces Rs 1,000 cr immediate relief for Cyclone Amphan-hit Bengal|work=Hindustan Times|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pm-modi-announces-rs-1-000-cr-immediate-relief-for-cyclone-amphan-hit-bengal/story-kmshOClDcFNqLUjubNxUVJ.html|access-date=22 May 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|date=22 May 2020|title=PM Modi announces Rs 500 crore advance relief for cyclone-hit Odisha|work=Hindustan Times|url=https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/pm-modi-announces-rs-500-crore-advance-relief-for-cyclone-hit-odisha/story-dtYl3tTrOAnaHXhi5Mh1cJ.html|access-date=22 May 2020}}</ref> In advance, Modi announced that ₹200,000 (US$2,650) would be provided to the next of kin of people who died during the storm, and ₹50,000 (US$660) would be given to each injured person.<ref name="WB_Relief" /> West Bengal CM Banerjee stated that it would take three to four days to assess the damage.<ref name="TracksForKolkata">{{cite news|last1=Regan|first1=Helen|last2=Westcott|first2=Ben|last3=Sud|first3=Vedika|last4=Suri|first4=Manveena|last5=Reynolds|first5=Emma|date=20 May 2020|title=Cyclone Amphan makes landfall in India and tracks for Kolkata|publisher=CNN|url=https://www.cnn.com/2020/05/20/weather/super-cyclone-amphan-india-banglash-evacuations-intl-hnk/index.html|access-date=23 May 2020}}</ref> Twenty disaster relief teams were dispatched by the Indian Coast Guard to begin search and rescue operations.<ref name="TracksForKolkata" /> Ten teams were sent to West Bengal to aid recovery, in addition to the NDRF teams pre-positioned there before Amphan's passage.<ref name="ProtestsEruptAsBengalReels">{{cite news|date=23 May 2020|title=Cyclone Amphan: Protests erupt as Bengal reels under storm aftermath; Army deployed for restoration work|work=The Indian Express|url=https://indianexpress.com/article/india/cyclone-amphan-ndrf-army-mamata-banerjee-restoration-work-6424209/|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> Also since most of the water pumps are operated in electricity and due to no electricity, several district suffered from water shortage which caused additional protest.<ref>{{Cite web|date=May 22, 2020|title=People in Kolkata stage protests demanding restoration of power, water supply|url=https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/people-west-bengal-kolkata-stage-protests-seeking-restoration-power-water-supply-after-cyclone-amphan-made-landfall-1680957-2020-05-22|access-date=2021-01-15|website=India Today|language=en}}</ref>  Approximately 1,000&nbsp;ground teams worked to restore infrastructure and services in West Bengal after Amphan, though only 25–30&nbsp;percent of workers were staffed due to the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref name="MamataPegs">{{cite news|date=23 May 2020|title=Mamata pegs cyclone Amphan damage at ₹1 lakh crore, toll rises to 86|work=The Hindu|publisher=THG Publishing|url=https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/mamata-pegs-cyclone-amphan-damage-at-1-lakh-crore-toll-rises-to-86/article31660847.ece|access-date=23 May 2020}}</ref> The resulting slow restoration of power sparked protests across West Bengal aimed primarily at electricity company [[CESC Limited|CESC]].<ref name="ArmyDeployedWestBengal">{{cite news|last1=Dutt|first1=Ishita Ayan|date=23 May 2020|title=After devastation from cyclone Amphan, Army deployed in West Bengal|work=Business Standard|url=https://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/after-devastation-from-cyclone-amphan-army-deployed-in-west-bengal-120052301215_1.html|access-date=24 May 2020}}</ref> Some restoration efforts were disrupted by these protests.<ref name="AgitatedMobObstructs">{{cite news|title=Agitated mob obstructs telecom restoration work in Amphan-hit areas of West Bengal|work=Deccan Herald|publisher=The Printers|agency=Press Trust of India|location=Kolkata, India|url=https://www.deccanherald.com/national/east-and-northeast/agitated-mob-obstructs-telecom-restoration-work-in-amphan-hit-areas-of-west-bengal-841204.html|access-date=25 May 2020}}</ref> The [[Department of Home (West Bengal)|Home Department]] of West Bengal requested additional crews from railway and port interest, while five brigades from the Indian Army were deployed in Kolkata and the 24&nbsp;Parganas districts to support recovery efforts.<ref name="ProtestsEruptAsBengalReels" /><ref name="ArmyDeployedWestBengal" /> The government of Odisha sent 500&nbsp;members of its disaster rapid action force and fire service to West Bengal.<ref name="ProtestsEruptAsBengalReels" />

The [[European Union]] stated that it would initially provide €500,000 (US$545,000) for those affected by the storm in India.<ref name="ProtestsEruptAsBengalReels" />

=== Odisha ===
Additional assistance was requested from Jharkhand and Odisha.<ref name="MamataPegs" /> Odisha Chief Minister [[Naveen Patnaik]] performed an aerial survey of the damage in his state following Amphan.<ref name="ProcessLastFourHours">{{cite news|date=19 May 2020|title=Cyclone Amphan LIVE Updates: Cyclone begins landfall, process to last for four hours|work=The Hans India|publisher=Hyderabad Media Hous|agency=Hans News Service|url=https://www.thehansindia.com/news/national/cyclone-amphan-live-updates-rain-lashes-several-parts-of-odisha-rescue-op-underway-623424|access-date=22 May 2020}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Tropical cyclones|India}}
*[[Tropical cyclones in 2020]]
* [[Tropical cyclones in India]]
* [[2020 North Indian Ocean cyclone season]]
* [[List of Bangladesh tropical cyclones]]
* [[List of North Indian cyclone seasons]]
* [[Cyclone Amphan]] (2020) — For more information about Cyclone Amphan
* [[Effects of the 2020 North Indian cyclone season in India]]
* [[Cyclone Sidr]] (2007) — A storm that had a similar intensity, took a similar track and devastated similar areas.
* [[1999 Odisha Cyclone]] — A storm that became the most intense tropical cyclone in the basin.
*[[Cyclone Aila]] (2009) — A cyclone that devastated India and Bangladesh
*[[Cyclone Phailin]] (2013) — Took a similar path and devastated Odisha
*[[Cyclone Bulbul]] (2019) — A cyclone that made landfall in West Bengal just six months before Amphan
*[[1970 Bhola cyclone]] — Took a similar track and devastated Bangladesh
{{clear}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:2020 natural disasters]]
[[Category:Disasters in India]]
[[Category:Tropical cyclones in 2020]]
[[Category:Tropical cyclones in India]]
[[Category:Category 2 tropical cyclones]]
[[Category:Effects of tropical cyclones]]