View source for Fominiella

{{Short description|Genus of lichens}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2024}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image =
| taxon = Fominiella
| authority = [[S.Y.Kondr.]], Upreti & Hur (2017)
| type_species = Fominiella tenerifensis 
| type_species_authority = S.Y.Kondr., Kärnefelt, A.Thell & T.Feuerer (2017)
| subdivision_ranks = Species
| subdivision = ''[[Fominiella skii|F. skii]]''<br />
''[[Fominiella tenerifensis|F. tenerifensis]]''
}}

'''''Fominiella''''' is a [[genus]] of [[lichen]]-forming [[fungi]] in the family [[Teloschistaceae]].<ref name="CoL"/><ref name="Wijayawardene et al. 2022"/> It contains two species with a thin, film like and inconspicuous [[thallus]].

==Taxonomy==
The genus ''Fominiella'' was proposed in 2017 by the lichenologists [[Sergey Kondratyuk]], [[Dalip Kumar Upreti]], and Jae-Seoun Hur. Their [[molecular phylogenetic]] analysis revealed several [[monophyletic]] branches in the [[phylogenetic tree]] of the family [[Teloschistaceae]]. One of these new branches was occupied by a species known only from the [[Canary Islands]], which was named ''Fominiella tenerifensis'' and assigned as the [[type species]] of the genus. The species then known as ''Caloplaca skii'' was also included in the genus on the basis of DNA analysis. The genus name honours the Ukrainian botanist [[Aleksandr Fomin (botanist)|Aleksandr Vasiljevich Fomin]], who specialised in [[cryptogam]]s.<ref name="Kondratyuk et al. 2017"/>

''Fominiella'' is in the subfamily Xanthorioideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It is somewhat similar to two other genera in that subfamily that also have very reduced thalli: ''[[Athallia]]'' and ''[[Xanthocarpia]]''.<ref name="Kondratyuk et al. 2017"/> In 2013, Ulf Arup and colleagues had proposed ''Caloplaca skii'' for inclusion in ''Athallia''.<ref name="Arup et al. 2013"/>

==Description==
''Fominiella'' encompasses two species of lichen with a thin, film-like [[thallus]] that is often not immediately noticeable, with colours that range from whitish to light grey or pale yellowish. These lichens lack a developed {{lichengloss|hypothallus}}, which is a layer below the main body of the thallus.<ref name="Kondratyuk et al. 2017"/>

The reproductive structures, known as [[apothecia]], vary from {{lichengloss|zeorine}} to {{lichengloss|lecanorine}} or {{lichengloss|biatorine}} in form. The apothecia have a yellow-orange {{lichengloss|disc}} with a margin that is always a lighter yellow, creating a distinct contrast between the margin and the disc. The {{lichengloss|thalline exciple}}, which is the layer surrounding the apothecial disc, can be white, greyish, or yellow-white in colour. This exciple may either disappear over time or remain, and the {{lichengloss|true exciple}} is described as being leptodermatous and {{lichengloss|paraplectenchymatous}}, indicating it is thin and composed of tightly interwoven cells.<ref name="Kondratyuk et al. 2017"/>

''Fominiella'' produces [[ascus|asci]] that contain eight spores each. The {{lichengloss|ascospores}} are {{lichengloss|polarilocular}} and [[hyaline]], meaning they have two chambers and are transparent. The chemical composition of these lichens includes [[parietin]] as the major [[secondary metabolite]] ([[lichen product]]), with [[emodin]], [[parietinic acid]], [[fallacinal]], and [[teloschistin]] present in trace amounts.<ref name="Kondratyuk et al. 2017"/>

==Species==
* ''[[Fominiella skii]]'' {{au|(Khodos., Vondrák & Šoun) S.Y.Kondr., Upreti & Hur (2017)}} – Asia; Europe
* ''[[Fominiella tenerifensis]]'' {{au|S.Y.Kondr., Kärnefelt, A.Thell & Feuerer (2017)}} – Canary Islands

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="Arup et al. 2013">{{cite journal |last1=Arup |first1=Ulf |last2=Søchting |first2=Ulrik |last3=Frödén |first3=Patrik |title=A new taxonomy of the family Teloschistaceae |journal=Nordic Journal of Botany |volume=31 |issue=1 |year=2013 |pages=16–83 |doi=10.1111/j.1756-1051.2013.00062.x}}</ref>

<ref name="CoL">{{Catalogue of Life |id=634R4 |title=''Fominiella'' |access-date=13 February 2024}}</ref>

<ref name="Kondratyuk et al. 2017">{{cite journal |last1=Kondratyuk |first1=S.Y. |authorlink2=László Sándor Lőkös |last2=Lőkös |first2=L. |authorlink3=Dalip Kumar Upreti |last3=Upreti |first3=D.K. |authorlink4=Sanjeeva Nayaka |last4=Nayaka |first4=S. |last5=Mishra |first5=G.K. |last6=Ravera |first6=S. |last7=Jeong |first7=M.-H. |last8=Jang |first8=S.-H. |last9=Park |first9=J.S. |last10=Hur |first10=J.S. |year=2017 |title=New monophyletic branches of the Teloschistaceae (lichen-forming Ascomycota) proved by three gene phylogeny |journal=Acta Botanica Hungarica |volume=59 |issue=1–2 |pages=71–136 |doi=10.1556/034.59.2017.1-2.6 |hdl=10447/414429 |hdl-access=free}}</ref>

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}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q43867631}}

[[Category:Teloschistales]]
[[Category:Teloschistales genera]]
[[Category:Lichen genera]]
[[Category:Taxa described in 2017]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Sergey Kondratyuk]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Dalip Kumar Upreti]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Jae-Seoun Hur]]