View source for Hohhot

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Infobox settlement
| name               = Hohhot
| official_name      = <!-- Official name in English if different from 'name' -->
| native_name        = {{lang|zh|呼和浩特市{{·}}{{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠣᠲᠠ|lang=mn}}}}
| other_name         = Huhehot, Kweisui, Kuei-sui
| nickname           = 
| settlement_type    = [[Prefecture-level city]]
| motto              = 
| image_skyline      = {{multiple image
| total_width = 300px
| border = infobox
| perrow = 1/2/2/1
| caption_align = center
| image1 = Hohhot Central Square.jpg
| caption1 = Skyline with Hohhot Central Square
| image2 = Altan Khan statue in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia.jpg
| caption2 = Statue of [[Altan Khan]]
| image3 = 夕阳下的五塔.png
| caption3 = [[Five Pagoda Temple (Hohhot)|Five Pagoda Temple]]
| image4 = TombofPrincessZhaojun1.JPG
| caption4 = [[Zhaojun Tomb]]
| image5 = Yuquan, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China - panoramio (4).jpg
| caption5 = [[Dazhao Temple (Hohhot)|Dazhao Temple]]
| image6 = GenghisKhanMonument.jpg
| caption6 = Monument of [[Genghis Khan]]
}}
| imagesize          = 
| image_caption      = 
| image_seal         = 
| seal_size          = 
| image_shield       = 
| shield_size        = 
| city_logo          = 
| citylogo_size      = 
| image_map          = {{maplink|frame=yes|plain=yes|type=shape|stroke-width=2|stroke-color=#000000|zoom=6}}
| mapsize            = 
| map_caption        = 
| image_map1         = Location of Hohhot Prefecture within Inner Mongolia (China).svg
| mapsize1           = 
| map_caption1       = Location of Hohhot City jurisdiction in Inner Mongolia
| image_dot_map      = 
| dot_mapsize        = 
| dot_map_caption    = 
| dot_x              = 
| dot_y              = 
| pushpin_map        = Inner Mongolia#China
| pushpin_label_position = 
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of the city centre in Inner Mongolia
| pushpin_mapsize    = 
| seat_type          = Municipal seat
| seat               = [[Xincheng District, Hohhot|Xincheng District]]
| subdivision_type   = Country
| subdivision_name   = {{flag|China}}
| subdivision_type1  = [[Autonomous regions of China|Region]]
| subdivision_name1  = [[Inner Mongolia]]
| subdivision_type2  = [[Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China#County level|County-level&nbsp;divisions]]
| subdivision_name2  = 10
| subdivision_type3  = [[Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China#Township level|Township&nbsp;divisions]]
| subdivision_name3  = 116
| government_footnotes = 
| government_type    = [[Prefecture-level city]]
| governing_body     = [[Hohhot Municipal People's Congress]]
| leader_title       = [[Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary|CCP Secretary]]
| leader_name        = [[Bao Gang]]
| leader_title1      = [[Hohhot Municipal People's Congress|Congress]] Chairman
| leader_name1       = Chang Peizhong
| leader_title2      = [[Mayor]]
| leader_name2       = He Haidong
| leader_title3      = [[Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference|CPPCC]] Chairman
| leader_name3       = Bai Yongping
| established_title  = Established
| established_date   = 1580
| established_title2 = <!-- Incorporated (town) -->
| established_date2  = 
| established_title3 = <!-- Incorporated (city) -->
| established_date3  = 
| area_magnitude     = 
| unit_pref          = <!--Enter: Imperial, if Imperial (metric) is desired-->
| area_footnotes     = <!-- ([[List of China administrative regions by area|ranked 29th]]) -->
| area_total_km2     = 17186.1<!-- ALL fields dealing with a measurements are subject to automatic unit conversion-->
| area_land_km2      = <!--See table @ Template:Infobox Settlement for details on automatic unit conversion-->
| area_water_km2     = 
| area_water_percent = 
| population_as_of   = 2020 census
| population_footnotes = <ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.citypopulation.de/en/china/cities/neimenggu/ | title=Nèi Mĕnggŭ / Inner Mongolia (China): Prefectural Division & Major Cities – Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information }}</ref>
| population_note    = 
| population_total   = 3446100
| population_density_km2 = auto
| population_density_metro_km2 = auto
| area_metro_km2     = 4830.1
| area_urban_km2     = 2065.1
| area_urban_footnotes = &nbsp;<ref name="CUCSY_2017">{{cite book |editor1=Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development |editor-link=Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development |title=China Urban Construction Statistical Yearbook 2017 |date=2019 |publisher=China Statistics Press |location=Beijing |page=48 |url=http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02019012421874448287322500.xls |access-date=11 January 2020 |archive-date=18 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190618043019/http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/xytj/tjzljsxytjgb/jstjnj/w02019012421874448287322500.xls |url-status=dead }}</ref>
| population_density_urban_km2 = auto
| population_urban   = 2681758
| population_metro   = 2944889
| population_blank1_title = <!-- Mun. Density rank -->
| population_blank1  = <!-- ([[List of China administrative regions by population density|4th]]) -->
| population_blank2_title = Major [[Nationalities of China|ethnic groups]]
| population_blank2  = {{ublist|[[Han Chinese|Han]] – 87.16%|[[Mongol]] – 9.98%|[[Hui Chinese|Hui]] – 1.45%}}
| demographics_type2 = GDP<ref>{{cite book |author=内蒙古自治区统计局、国家统计局内蒙古调查总队 |title=《内蒙古统计年鉴－2016》|year=2016|publisher=中国统计出版社 |isbn=978-7-5037-7901-5}}</ref>
| demographics2_title1 = [[Prefecture-level city]]
| demographics2_info1 = [[CN¥]] 309.1 billion<br />[[US$]] 49.6 billion
| demographics2_title2 = Per capita
| demographics2_info2 = CN¥ 101,492<br />US$ 16,295
| timezone           = [[China Standard Time|China Standard]]
| utc_offset         = +08:00
| coor_pinpoint      = Gongzhufu Park ({{lang|zh-Hans|公主府公园}})
| coordinates        = {{coord|40.8346|N|111.6565|E|type:landmark_region:CN-15_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=i}}
| elevation_footnotes = <!--for references: use <ref> </ref> tags-->
| elevation_m        = 1065
| elevation_ft       = 3494
| postal_code_type   = [[Postal code of China|Postal code]]
| postal_code        = 010000
| area_code          = [[Telephone numbers in China|471]]
| blank_name         = [[License Plate (China)|License plate prefixes]]
| blank_info         = {{lang|zh-cn|蒙A}}
| blank3_name        = [[Chinese spoken language|Local Dialect]]
| blank3_info        = [[Jin Chinese|Jin]]: [[Zhangjiakou-Hohhot dialect]]; [[Southern Mongolian]]
| blank4_name        = [[Administrative division codes of the People's Republic of China|Administrative division code]]
| blank4_info        = 150100
| iso_code           = [[ISO 3166-2:CN|CN-NM-01]]
| website            = {{url|http://www.huhhot.gov.cn/home/index.asp|www.huhhot.gov.cn}}
| footnotes          = 
}}
{{Infobox Chinese
| pic = HHHTM.svg
| piccap = Hohhot as written in Mongolian
| picsize = 50px
| pic2 = HHHT name.svg
| piccap2 = The Chinese name of Hohhot: ''Hūhéhàotè''
| picsize2 = 220px
| c = {{linktext|lang=zh|呼和浩特}}
| p = Hūhéhàotè
| w = Hu<sup>1</sup>-ho<sup>2</sup>-hao<sup>4</sup>-t'e<sup>4</sup>
| bpmf = ㄏㄨ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄏㄜˊ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄏㄠˋ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄊㄜˋ
| gr = Huherhawteh
| myr = Hūhéhàutè
| mi = {{IPAc-cmn|h|u|1|.|h|e|2|.|h|ao|4|.|t|e|4}}
| tp = Huhéhàotè
| mps = Hūhéhàutè
| j = Fu1 wo4 hou6 dak6
| y = Fūwòhhouhdahk
| ci = {{IPAc-yue|f|u|1|.|w|o|4|.|h|ou|6|.|d|ak|6}}
| showflag = p
| l = "Blue City" (in Mongolian)
| mong = ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠣᠲᠠ
| monr = Höh hot
| mon = Хөх хот
| rus = Хух-Хото
| rusr = Hooh-Hoto
| altname = Abbreviation
| c2 = {{linktext|lang=zh|呼|市}}
| p2 = Hūshì
| bpmf2 = ㄏㄨ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄕˋ
| myr2 = Hūshr̀
| gr2 = Hushyh
| w2 = Hu<sup>1</sup>-shih<sup>4</sup>
| mi2 = {{IPAc-cmn|h|u|1|.|shi|4}}
| tp2 = Hushìh
| l2 = Ho[hhot] City
| mps2 = Hūshr̀
| altname3 = Kweisui
| s3 = 归绥
| t3 = 歸綏
| p3 = {{unbulleted list|{{small|[[People's Republic of China|PRC]] Standard Mandarin:}} Guīsuí|{{small|[[Taiwan|ROC]]:}}Guīsuī}}
| mi3 = {{unbulleted list|{{small|[[People's Republic of China|PRC]]:}} {{IPAc-cmn|g|wei|1|.|s|wei|2}}|{{small|[[Taiwan|ROC]]:}} {{IPAc-cmn|g|ui|1|.|s|ui|1}}}}
| gr3 = {{unbulleted list|{{small|[[People's Republic of China|PRC]]:}} Gueiswei|{{small|[[Taiwan|ROC]]:}} Gueisuei}}
| w3 = {{unbulleted list|{{small|[[People's Republic of China|PRC]]:}} Kuei<sup>1</sup>-sui<sup>2</sup>|{{small|[[Taiwan|ROC]]:}} Kuei<sup>1</sup>-sui<sup>1</sup>}}
| myr3 = {{unbulleted list|{{small|[[People's Republic of China|PRC]]:}} Gwēiswéi|{{small|[[Taiwan|ROC]]:}} Gwēiswēi}}
| bpmf3 = {{unbulleted list|{{small|[[People's Republic of China|PRC]]:}} ㄍㄨㄟ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄙㄨㄟˊ|{{small|[[Taiwan|ROC]]:}} ㄍㄨㄟ&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;ㄙㄨㄟ}}
| tp3 = {{unbulleted list|{{small|[[People's Republic of China|PRC]]:}} Gueisuéi|{{small|[[Taiwan|ROC]]:}} Gueisuei}}
| mps3 = {{unbulleted list|{{small|[[People's Republic of China|PRC]]:}} Guēisuéi|{{small|[[Taiwan|ROC]]:}} Guēisuēi}}
}}

'''Hohhot''',{{efn|{{IPAc-en|h|ou|'|h|Q|t}};<ref>{{Cite dictionary |url=http://www.lexico.com/definition/Hohhot |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210518065353/https://www.lexico.com/definition/Hohhot |url-status=dead |archive-date=18 May 2021 |title=Hohhot |dictionary=[[Lexico]] UK English Dictionary |publisher=[[Oxford University Press]]}}</ref> [[Mongolian language|Mongolian]]: {{small|[[Mongolian script|Classical]]:}} {{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠥᠬᠡᠬᠣᠲᠠ|lang=mn}}, {{small|[[Mongolian Cyrillic alphabet|Cyrillic]]:}} Хөх хот, {{small|[[Mongolian Latin alphabet|Latin]]:}} Höh hot, {{IPA-mn|ˈxɵx‿χɔʰt}}; {{lang-zh|c=呼和浩特|p=Hūhéhàotè}}; [[abbreviated]] {{lang-zh|c=呼市|p=Hūshì|labels=no}}}} formerly known as '''Kweisui''',{{efn|{{lang-zh|s=归绥|t=歸綏|p={{small|{{noitalics|[[People's Republic of China|PRC]] Standard Mandarin:}}}} Guīsuí{{noitalics|,}} {{small|{{noitalics|[[Taiwan|ROC]] Standard Mandarin:}}}} Guīsuī|first=t}}}} is the [[Capital (political)|capital]] of [[Inner Mongolia]] in the [[North China|north]] of the [[China|People's Republic of China]],<ref>{{cite web|title=Illuminating China's Provinces, Municipalities and Autonomous Regions|url=http://www.china.org.cn/english/features/43588.htm|publisher=PRC Central Government Official Website|year=2001|access-date=2014-05-28}}</ref><ref name=Solovyov/> serving as the region's administrative, economic and cultural center.<ref name="The New Encyclopædia Britannica 1977 p. 275">''The New Encyclopædia Britannica'', 15th Edition (1977), Vol. I, p. 275.</ref> Its population was 3,446,100 inhabitants as of the 2020 census, of whom 2,944,889 lived in the metropolitan area consisting of 4 urban districts (including Hohhot Economic and Development Zone) plus the [[Tümed Left Banner]].<ref name="renkou">{{cite web|last1=Wang |first1=Tong (王彤) |script-title=zh:呼和浩特市2010年第六次全国人口普查主要数据|url=http://inews.nmgnews.com.cn/system/2011/06/13/010607482.shtml|via=Inner Mongolia News |script-work=zh:内蒙古日报 |trans-work=Inner Mongolia Post |access-date=13 July 2015}}</ref>

The name of the city in Mongolian means "Blue City", although it is also wrongly referred to as the "Green City."<ref name="Perkins 1999, p. 212">Perkins (1999), p. 212.</ref> The color blue in Mongol culture is associated with the sky, eternity and purity. In Chinese, the name can be translated as ''Qīng Chéng'' ({{zh|c=青城 |l=[[Distinguishing blue from green in language#Chinese|Blue/Green]] City}})<ref>Chinese "qing" has traditionally been a color between "blue" and "green" in English, leading some modern sources to translate ''Qing Cheng'' into English as "Green City" instead of "Blue City," including, for example, [http://www.huhhot.gov.cn/chinese/home/en.asp the official website of Hohhot] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090515122937/http://www.huhhot.gov.cn/chinese/home/en.asp |date=15 May 2009 }}.</ref> The name has also been variously romanized as Kokotan, Kokutan, Kuku-hoton, Huhohaot'e, Huhehot, Huhhot, Huhot, or Köke qota.<ref name="Solovyov">{{citation|last=Solovʹev |first=Sergeĭ Mikhaĭlovich |author-link=Sergey Solovyov (historian)|title=History of Russia |volume=23 |publisher=Academic International Press |year=1998 |page=178 |isbn=9780875691930 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=VLVoAAAAMAAJ&q=Kuku-hoton+Hohot}} 
</ref>

The city is a seat of the [[Inner Mongolia University]], the largest regional comprehensive university and the only [[Project 211|211 Project]] University in Inner Mongolia.

== History ==
=== Early history ===
[[Yunzhong Commandery]] ({{lang-zh|雲中郡}}) was a historical [[Jun (country subdivision)|commandery]] of China. Its territories were between the [[Great Wall]] and [[Yin Mountains]], and correspond to part of modern-day Hohhot, [[Baotou]] and [[Ulanqab]] prefectures in [[Inner Mongolia]]. The central city of Yunzhong was in the suburbs of today's Hohhot.

The commandery was created during [[King Wuling of Zhao]]'s reign after a successful campaign against the Linhu (林胡) and Loufan (樓煩) peoples.<ref>''[[Records of the Grand Historian]]'', Chapter 50.</ref> After the establishment of [[Qin dynasty|Qin]] and [[Han dynasty]], the commandery became the frontier between Han and the [[Xiongnu]]. In early Han dynasty, the region saw frequent Xiongnu raids. However, from [[Emperor Wu of Han|Emperor Wu]]'s reign onwards, it became an important base of military operations in the [[Han–Xiongnu War|wars against the Xiongnu]].<ref>''[[Book of Han]]'', Chapter 64.</ref> In 127 BC, it was from Yunzhong that General [[Wei Qing]] led a 40,000-men strong cavalry force and conquered the modern [[Hetao]] and [[Ordos Plateau|Ordos]] regions. 

In 2 AD, the commandery administered 11 counties, namely Yunzhong (雲中), Xianyang (咸陽), Taolin (陶林), Zhenling (楨陵), Duhe (犢和), Shaling (沙陵), Yuanyang (原陽), Shanan (沙南), Beiyu (北輿), Wuquan (武泉) and Yangshou (陽壽). The population totaled 38,303 households, or 173,270 people.<ref>''[[Book of Han]]'', Chapter 28.</ref> During Eastern Han, 3 counties were abolished, while 3 new counties were added from [[Dingxiang Commandery]]. In 140 AD, the population was 5,351 households, or a population of 26,430.<ref>''[[Book of Later Han]]'', Chapter 113.</ref> Toward the late Han dynasty, the area's population decreased sharply as residents fled from invading northern nomadic peoples, and the commandery was dissolved.<ref>''[[Book of Jin]]'', Chapter 14.</ref>

The Tuoba chieftain Gui (called [[Tuoba Gui]]) was able to refound the [[Dai (Sixteen Kingdoms)|Dai]] empire in 386. From his capital at [[Shengle]] (near modern Helingeer). His descendants would, step by step, conquer the north of China, divide the [[Later Yan]] realm into two parts, and subdue the [[Xia (Sixteen Kingdoms)|Xia]] (407–431), the [[Later Qin]] (384–417) and the many Liang and Yan empires.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Division/beiwei-event.html|title=Northern Dynasties Period Event History (www.chinaknowledge.de)}}</ref>

=== Ming and Qing era ===
In 1557, the [[Tümed]] Mongol leader [[Altan Khan]] began building the [[Dazhao Temple (Hohhot)|Da Zhao Temple]] on the Tümed plain in order to convince the [[Ming dynasty]] (1368–1644) government of his leadership of the southern Mongol tribes.<ref name=Dazhao>{{cite web|title=Dazhao Temple|url=http://www.travelchinaguide.com/attraction/inner_mongolia/hohhot/dazhao.htm|publisher=Travel China Guide|access-date=12 January 2013}}</ref> The town that grew up around this temple was called the "Blue Town" (''Kokegota'' in Mongolian). The Ming had been [[blockade|blockading]] the Mongols' access to Chinese iron, cotton, and crop seeds, in order to dissuade them from attacking the [[North China plain]]. In 1570, Altan Khan successfully negotiated the end of the blockade by establishing a [[vassal state|vassal]]-tributary relationship with the Ming, who changed Kokegota's name to '''Guihua''' ({{zh|t=歸化|s=归化|p=Guīhuà|first=t}}; [[Chinese postal romanization|postal]]: ''Kweihua''; {{zh|l=Return to Civilization}}) in 1575. The population of Guihua grew to over 150,000 in the early 1630s as local Mongol princes encouraged the settlement of [[Han Chinese]] merchants. There were occasional attacks on Guihua by Mongol armies, such as the total razing of the city by [[Ligdan Khan]] in 1631. Altan Khan and his successors constructed temples and fortresses in 1579, 1602 and 1727. The Tümed Mongols of the area had long since adopted a semiagricultural way of life. [[Hui people|Hui]] merchants gathered north of the gate of the city's fortress, building a mosque in 1693.<ref name="Zhang敏昶2005">{{cite book|last=Zhang|first=Guanglin|title=Islam in China|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ELAyVlHZ9e0C&pg=PT75|year=2005| publisher = [[:zh:五洲传播出版社|China Intercontinental Press]]|isbn=978-7-5085-0802-3|page=75}}</ref> Their descendants formed the nucleus of the modern Huimin district.

After the [[Manchu people|Manchus]] founded the [[Qing dynasty]] (1644–1912), the [[Kangxi Emperor]] (reigned 1661–1722) sent troops to control the region,<ref name="Perkins 1999, p. 212"/> which was of interest to the Qing as a center of study of [[Tibetan Buddhism]]. Just 2 km northeast of Guihua the Qing built the strong garrison town of '''Suiyuan''' ({{zh|t=綏遠|s=绥远|p={{small|{{noitalics|[[People's Republic of China|PRC]] Standard Mandarin:}}}} Suíyuǎn{{noitalics|,}} {{small|{{noitalics|[[Taiwan|ROC]] Standard Mandarin:}}}} Suīyuǎn |first=t}}), from which they supervised the defense of southwestern Inner Mongolia against Mongol attacks from the north in 1735–39.<ref name="Jank"/>{{rp|13}}<ref name="Environments1998">{{cite book|title=Traditional dwellings and settlements review: journal of the International Association for the Study of Traditional Environments|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M-NLAAAAYAAJ|year=1998|publisher=International Association for the Study of Traditional Environments|page=12}}</ref> Guihua and Suiyuan was merged into [[Shanxi]] province and became Guihua County ({{zh|t=歸化縣|s=归化县|p=Guīhuà Xiàn|first=t|labels=no}}) of Qing China. French missionaries established a [[Catholic]] church in Guihua in 1874, but the Christians were forced to flee to Beijing during the antiforeign [[Boxer Rebellion]] of 1899–1901.

=== Republican era ===
[[File:Wanbu-Huayanjing-Pagoda, Hohhot.jpg|thumb|left|[[Wanbu Huayanjing Pagoda]] (Baita Pagoda) in Hohhot, 1942]]
In 1913, the government of the new [[Republic of China (1912–1949)|Republic of China]] united the garrison town of Suiyuan and the old town of Guihua as '''Guisui''' ({{zh|t=歸綏|s=归绥|p={{small|{{noitalics|[[People's Republic of China|PRC]] Standard Mandarin:}}}} Guīsuí{{noitalics|,}} {{small|{{noitalics|[[Taiwan|ROC]] Standard Mandarin:}}}} Guīsuī|first=t}}; [[Chinese postal romanization|postal]]: '''''Kweisui'''''). Guisui town was the center of Guisui County ({{zh|t=歸綏縣|s=归绥县||p={{small|{{noitalics|[[People's Republic of China|PRC]]:}}}} Guīsuí Xiàn{{noitalics|,}} {{small|{{noitalics|[[Taiwan|ROC]]:}}}} Guīsuī Xiàn|first=t|labels=no}}) and the capital of [[Suiyuan Province]] in northern China. A [[bubonic plague]] outbreak in 1917 and the connection of Guisui to railway links in [[Shanxi]], [[Shaanxi]], [[Hebei]], and [[Beijing]] helped renew the economy of Guisui town by forming links with [[eastern China]] and western China's [[Xinjiang]] province.<ref name="Jank"/>{{rp|15}} In 1918, the American specialist on Inner Asia [[Owen Lattimore]] noted Guisui's ethnic composition as "a town purely [[Han Chinese]] except for the Lama monasteries ... the Tümeds are now practically nonexistent and the nearest Mongolians are to be sought at {{convert|50|or|60|mi|km|sigfig=1|abbr=off|disp=sqbr}} distance on the plateau."<ref name="Jank"/>{{rp|15}} During the progressive [[Second Sino-Japanese War|Japanese invasion of China]] in the 1930s, the Japanese created the puppet state of [[Mengjiang]] headed by [[Prince De]], who renamed Guisui "Blue City" (''Hohhot''; ({{zh|c=厚和市|p=Hòuhé shì}}).<ref>{{citation|author1-link=Lin Hsiao-ting|last=Lin|first=Hsiao-ting|year=2010|title=Modern China's Ethnic Frontiers: A Journey to the West|publisher=[[Taylor and Francis]]|isbn = 9780415582643|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=rsLQdBUgyMUC&pg=PA43 43], [https://books.google.com/books?id=rsLQdBUgyMUC&pg=PA49 49]}}</ref> After the [[surrender of Japan]] in 1945, the Republic of China changed the name back to Guisui.<ref name="Jank"/>{{rp|16}} The [[Chinese Communist Party]]'s forces drove out General [[Fu Zuoyi]], the Republic's commander in Suiyuan, during the [[Chinese Civil War]], and after the [[Chinese Communist Revolution]] in 1949, Guisui was renamed Hohhot.<ref name="Jank"/>{{rp|16}}

=== People's Republic era ===
[[File:China 10th Anniversary Parade in Hohhot.jpg|thumb|left|People's Republic 10th Anniversary Parade in Hohhot]]
During the Civil War, seeking the support of separatist Mongols, the Communists established the [[Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region]] in Mongol-minority areas of the Republic's provinces of [[Suiyuan Province|Suiyuan]], [[Xing'an Province|Xing'an]], [[Chahar Province|Chahar]], and [[Rehe Province|Rehe]]. Guisui was chosen as the region's administrative centre in 1952, replacing [[Zhangjiakou]]. In 1954, after the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the city was renamed from Guisui to '''Hohhot''', though with a different Chinese pronunciation of ''Huhehaote''.<ref name="Jank"/>{{rp|16}}

The city has seen significant development since China's [[Chinese economic reform|reform and opening]] began. The city's far east side began development around 2000 and is now home to the municipal government, most of the Autonomous Region's administrative buildings,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Wasserman|first1=Adam|title=Gold Horse International, Inc. Updates Status of Key Real Estate Development Projects for 2009.|url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Gold+Horse+International,+Inc.+Updates+Status+of+Key+Real+Estate...-a0184422032|website=Gale, Cengage Learning|publisher=PR Newswire Association LLC|access-date=20 July 2015|archive-date=7 December 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171207015814/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Gold+Horse+International%2c+Inc.+Updates+Status+of+Key+Real+Estate...-a0184422032|url-status=dead}}</ref> an artificial lake called Ruyi He,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.realpennies.com/otc/GHII/|title=Guggenheim S&P High Income Infrastructure ETF|website=realpennies|access-date=20 July 2015}}</ref> and a large number of [[Condominium (living space)|condominium]]s, mostly built by the local real estate company [[Gold Horse International|Gold Horse International Inc.]] The [[Hohhot City Stadium]], built on the city's north side, was finished in 2007.<ref name="nc.mofcom.gov.cn">{{cite web |url=http://nc.mofcom.gov.cn/news/P1P15I2263981.html |script-title=zh:内蒙古新建呼和浩特市体育场落成 可容纳近6万人 – 新农村商网 |website=[[Ministry of Commerce of the People's Republic of China]] |access-date=27 May 2014 |archive-date=11 July 2012 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120711015212/http://nc.mofcom.gov.cn/news/P1P15I2263981.html |url-status=dead }}</ref>

A city with a rich cultural background, Hohhot is known for its historical sites and temples and is one of the major tourist destinations of Inner Mongolia. It is also nationally known as the home of China's dairy giants [[Mengniu]] and [[Yili Group|Yili]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.yili.com/english/ |title=Background of Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd. |access-date=20 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070101191552/http://www.yili.com/english/ |archive-date=1 January 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |url=http://wrightreports.ecnext.com/coms2/reportdesc_COMPANY_C1569J200 |title=Profile of Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Company Limited |access-date=20 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080626055102/http://wrightreports.ecnext.com/coms2/reportdesc_COMPANY_C1569J200 |archive-date=26 June 2008 |url-status=dead}}</ref> and was declared "Dairy Capital of China" by the China Dairy Industry Association and the Dairy Association of China in 2005.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Dairy Industry Conference |url=https://regional.chinadaily.com.cn/en/worlddairyindustryconference.html |access-date=2024-08-27 |website=regional.chinadaily.com.cn}}</ref>

== Geography ==
[[File:Txu-oclc-10552568-nk49-11.jpg|thumb|left|Map including Hohhot (labeled as KUEI-SUI) ([[Army Map Service|AMS]], 1963)]]
[[File:Hohhot 111.67286E 40.80952N.jpg|thumb|left|Huhhot and vicinities, LandSat-5 satellite image, 2005-07-12]]
Located in the south central part of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot is encircled by the Daqing Shan ({{zh|c=大青山 |l=Great blue Mountains |links=no}}) to the north and the [[Hetao Plateau]] to the south.<ref name="Incorporated2001">{{cite book|title=Encyclopedia Americana|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HI1FAAAAYAAJ|date=April 2001|publisher=[[Grolier Incorporated]]|isbn=978-0-7172-0134-1|page=510}}</ref>

The city's [[Antipodal point|antipodal]] location is {{convert|22|km|mi}} from the village of [[Los Menucos]] in [[Río Negro Province|Río Negro Provence]], [[Argentina]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.geodatos.net/en/antipodes/china/hohhot|title=Antipode of Hohhot, China – Geodatos|website=www.geodatos.net|access-date=2023-01-20}}</ref>

=== Climate ===
Hohhot features a cold [[semi-arid climate]] ([[Köppen climate classification|Köppen]] ''BSk''), marked by long, cold, and very dry winters; hot, somewhat humid summers; strong winds (especially in spring); and [[monsoon]]al influence. The coldest month is January, with a daily mean of {{convert|−10.7|°C|1}}, while July, the hottest month, averages {{convert|23.2|°C|1}}. The annual mean temperature is {{convert|7.6|°C|1}}, and the annual precipitation is {{convert|411|mm|1}}, with more than half of it falling in July and August alone. Variability can be very high, however: in 1965 Hohhot recorded as little as {{convert|155.1|mm|2|abbr=on}} but six years before that, as much as {{convert|929.2|mm|2|abbr=on}}, of which over a third ({{convert|338.6|mm|2|abbr=on}}) only in July.<ref>[http://climexp.knmi.nl//getprcpall.cgi?id=someone@somewhere&WMO=53463.1&STATION=HUHEHAOTE&extraargs= Huhehaote rainfall]</ref>

Hohhot is a popular destination for tourists during the summer months because of the nearby Zhaohe [[grassland]]s. More recently, due to desertification, the city sees [[Dust storm|sandstorms]] on almost an annual basis. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 54 percent in November to 66 percent in September, sunshine is abundant year-round, the city receives 2,680 hours of bright sunshine annually. Extreme temperatures have ranged from {{convert|−32.8|°C|0}} on 6 February 1951 to {{convert|38.9|°C|0}} on 30 July 2010, though unofficially a record low of {{convert|−36.2|°C|0}} was recorded in January 1930.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/home.do |script-title=zh:中国气象科学数据共享服务网 |publisher=[[China Meteorological Administration]] |access-date=22 February 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150302053152/http://cdc.cma.gov.cn/home.do |archive-date=2 March 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |title=中国各地城市的历史最低气温 |url=https://weibo.com/ttarticle/p/show?id=2309404203050792315805 |access-date=2024-09-09 |website=weibo.com}}</ref>

{{Weather box
| width = auto
| location = Hohhot, elevation {{convert|1154|m|ft|abbr=on}}, (1991–2020 normals, extremes 1915–present)
| metric first = Y
| single line = Y
| Jan record high C = 10.6
| Feb record high C = 17.0
| Mar record high C = 23.7
| Apr record high C = 33.4
| May record high C = 35.0
| Jun record high C = 37.2
| Jul record high C = 38.9
| Aug record high C = 36.8
| Sep record high C = 32.7
| Oct record high C = 26.5
| Nov record high C = 20.4
| Dec record high C = 11.6
| year record high C = 38.9
| Jan high C = −4.8
| Feb high C = 0.8
| Mar high C = 8.4
| Apr high C = 17.1
| May high C = 23.4
| Jun high C = 27.8
| Jul high C = 29.1
| Aug high C = 27.2
| Sep high C = 22.1
| Oct high C = 14.5
| Nov high C = 4.7
| Dec high C = −3.3
| Jan mean C = -10.7
| Feb mean C = −5.7
| Mar mean C = 1.7
| Apr mean C = 10.0
| May mean C = 16.6
| Jun mean C = 21.4
| Jul mean C = 23.2
| Aug mean C = 21.4
| Sep mean C = 15.6
| Oct mean C = 7.7
| Nov mean C = −1.3
| Dec mean C = -8.8
| Jan low C = −15.3
| Feb low C = −11.0
| Mar low C = −4.2
| Apr low C = 3.0
| May low C = 9.2
| Jun low C = 14.7
| Jul low C = 17.4
| Aug low C = 15.7
| Sep low C = 9.7
| Oct low C = 2.1
| Nov low C = −5.8
| Dec low C = −13.1
| Jan record low C = −36.2
| Feb record low C = −32.8
| Mar record low C = −21.1
| Apr record low C = −12.2
| May record low C = −4.0
| Jun record low C = 2.3
| Jul record low C = 8.3
| Aug record low C = 4.6
| Sep record low C = -3.9
| Oct record low C = −11.1
| Nov record low C = −20.5
| Dec record low C = −29.1
| year record low C = −36.2
| precipitation colour = green
| Jan precipitation mm = 2.2
| Feb precipitation mm = 4.6
| Mar precipitation mm = 9.8
| Apr precipitation mm = 13.5
| May precipitation mm = 33.3
| Jun precipitation mm = 54.6
| Jul precipitation mm = 115.2
| Aug precipitation mm = 84.6
| Sep precipitation mm = 61.0
| Oct precipitation mm = 20.9
| Nov precipitation mm = 8.3
| Dec precipitation mm = 3.4
| Jan humidity = 56
| Feb humidity = 47
| Mar humidity = 39
| Apr humidity = 33
| May humidity = 36
| Jun humidity = 44
| Jul humidity = 56
| Aug humidity = 59
| Sep humidity = 57
| Oct humidity = 54
| Nov humidity = 54
| Dec humidity = 55
| unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm
| Jan precipitation days = 2.2
| Feb precipitation days = 2.3
| Mar precipitation days = 3.1
| Apr precipitation days = 3.6
| May precipitation days = 6.7
| Jun precipitation days = 9.9
| Jul precipitation days = 12.4
| Aug precipitation days = 10.7
| Sep precipitation days = 9.1
| Oct precipitation days = 4.8
| Nov precipitation days = 2.9
| Dec precipitation days = 2.2
| Jan snow days = 3.4
| Feb snow days = 3.6
| Mar snow days = 3.7
| Apr snow days = 1.4
| May snow days = 0.2
| Jun snow days = 0
| Jul snow days = 0
| Aug snow days = 0
| Sep snow days = 0.1
| Oct snow days = 0.6
| Nov snow days = 3.4
| Dec snow days = 3.8
| Jan dew point C = -18
| Feb dew point C = -16
| Mar dew point C = -12
| Apr dew point C = -8
| May dew point C = -1
| Jun dew point C = 7
| Jul dew point C = 13
| Aug dew point C = 12
| Sep dew point C = 6
| Oct dew point C = -2
| Nov dew point C = -10
| Dec dew point C = -16
| Jan sun = 159.0
| Jan percentsun = 53
| Feb sun = 188.3
| Feb percentsun = 62
| Mar sun = 237.1
| Mar percentsun = 64
| Apr sun = 262.8
| Apr percentsun = 65
| May sun = 281.5
| May percentsun = 63
| Jun sun = 262.3
| Jun percentsun = 58
| Jul sun = 252.1
| Jul percentsun = 55
| Aug sun = 251.0
| Aug percentsun = 63
| Sep sun = 233.0
| Sep percentsun = 66
| Oct sun = 223.9
| Oct percentsun = 59
| Nov sun = 174.4
| Nov percentsun = 54
| Dec sun = 155.5
| Dec percentsun = 60
| source 1 = {{CMA-Source}}
| source 2 = Weather China<ref name=WCN>{{cite web|script-title=zh:呼和浩特城市介绍以及气候背景分析|url=http://www.weather.com.cn/cityintro/101080101.shtml? |website=Weather China |access-date=27 July 2015| language = zh-cn}}</ref> all-time extreme temperature<ref name = 中华城市地理>{{cite web
|url= https://weibo.com/ttarticle/p/show?id=2309404203050792315805
|title= 中国各地城市的历史最低气温
|access-date= 10 September 2024
}}</ref>

Source 3: [https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/china/hohhot/climate Time and Date] (dewpoints, between 1985–2015),<ref>{{cite web
|url = https://www.timeanddate.com/weather/china/hohhot/climate
|title = Climate & Weather Averages at Hohhot weather station (53463)
|publisher = Time and Date
|access-date = 6 February 2022}}</ref> Pogodaiklimat.ru (extremes)<ref name="Pogoda i Klimat">{{cite web |url=http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru/climate4.php?id=53463|title= Climate Hohhot|access-date=15 July 2023|work=Pogoda.ru.net}}</ref>
| source = 
}}

== Administrative divisions ==
The city is administratively at the prefecture-level, meaning that it administers both its urban area and the rural regions in its vicinity. The administrative area includes 4 counties, 4 districts, and a county-level [[Banner (Inner Mongolia)|banner]]; they are further divided into 20 urban sub-districts, and 96 townships. The data here represented is in km<sup>2</sup> and uses data from the 2010 Census.

{| class="wikitable"  style="font-size:90%;" align=center
! colspan="7" | Map
|-
| colspan="7" | <div style="position: relative" class="center">
{{Image label begin|image=Administrative Division Hohhot.png|width=470|link=}} 
{{Image label|x=1270|y=550|scale=470/1820|text=[[Xincheng District, Hohhot|'''Xincheng''']]}}
{{Image label|x=980|y=680|scale=470/1820|text=[[Huimin District|{{small|'''Huimin'''}}]]}}
{{Image label|x=1080|y=880|scale=470/1820|text=[[Yuquan District|{{small|'''Yuquan'''}}]]}}
{{Image label|x=1370|y=790|scale=470/1820|text=[[Saihan District|'''Saihan''']]}}
{{Image label|x=630|y=890|scale=470/1820|text=[[Tumed Left Banner|'''Tumed Left<br />Banner''']]}}
{{Image label|x=700|y=1370|scale=470/1820|text=[[Togtoh County|'''Togtoh<br />County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=1280|y=1390|scale=470/1820|text=[[Horinger County|'''Horinger<br />County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=1140|y=2010|scale=470/1820|text=[[Qingshuihe County|'''Qingshuihe<br />County''']]}}
{{Image label|x=650|y=370|scale=470/1820|text=[[Wuchuan County, Inner Mongolia|'''Wuchuan<br />County''']]}}
{{Image label end}}
</div>
|-
! English Name
! Mongolian
! Simplified Chinese
! Pinyin
! Area
! Population
! Density
|-
|colspan="8" align="center" bgcolor="#D3D3D3"|'''City Proper'''
|-
|[[Huimin District]]<br />(Hodong'arad District)
|{{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠣᠳᠣᠩ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ|style=max-height:2em;word-wrap:normal}}<br />{{small|(Qotoŋ Arad-un toɣoriɣ)}}
|{{lang|zh|回民区}}
|{{transl|zh|Huímín Qū}}
|194.4
|394,555
|2,030
|-
|[[Xincheng District, Hohhot|Xincheng District]]<br />(Xinhot District)
|{{MongolUnicode|ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠣᠲᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ|style=max-height:2em;word-wrap:normal}}<br />{{small|(Sin-e Qota toɣoriɣ)}}
|{{lang|zh|新城区}}
|{{transl|zh|Xīnchéng Qū}}
|660.6
|567,255
|859
|-
|[[Yuquan District]]
|{{MongolUnicode|ᠢᠤᠢ ᠴᠢᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ|style=max-height:2em;word-wrap:normal}}<br />{{small|(Iui čiuvan toɣoriɣ)}}
|{{lang|zh|玉泉区}}
|{{transl|zh|Yùquán Qū}}
|207.2
|383,365
|1,850
|-
|[[Saihan District]]
|{{MongolUnicode|ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠣᠷᠢᠭ|style=max-height:2em;word-wrap:normal}}<br />{{small|(Sayiqan toɣoriɣ)}}
|{{lang|zh|赛罕区}}
|{{transl|zh|Sàihǎn Qū}}
|1,002.9
|635,599
|634
|-
|colspan="8" align="center" bgcolor="#D3D3D3"|'''Rural'''
|-
|[[Togtoh County]]
|{{MongolUnicode|ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ|style=max-height:1.8em;word-wrap:normal}}<br />{{small|(Toɣtaqu siyan)}}
|{{lang|zh|托克托县}}
|{{transl|zh|Tuōkètuō Xiàn}}
|1,407.8
|200,840
|143
|-
|[[Wuchuan County, Inner Mongolia|Wuchuan County]]
|{{MongolUnicode|ᠦᠴᠤᠸᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ|style=max-height:2em;word-wrap:normal}}<br />{{small|(Üčuvan siyan)}}
|{{lang|zh|武川县}}
|{{transl|zh|Wǔchuān Xiàn}}
|4,682.3
|108,726
|23
|-
|[[Horinger County]]
|{{MongolUnicode|ᠬᠣᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠡᠷ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ|style=max-height:1.8em;word-wrap:normal}}<br />{{small|(Qorin Ger siyan)}}
|{{lang|zh|和林格尔县}}
|{{transl|zh|Hélíngé'ěr Xiàn}}
|3,447.8
|169,856
|49
|-
|[[Qingshuihe County]]
|{{MongolUnicode|ᠴᠢᠩ ᠱᠦᠢ ᠾᠧ ᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ|style=max-height:1.5em;word-wrap:normal}}<br />{{small|(Čiŋ šüi hė siyan)}}
|{{lang|zh|清水河县}}
|{{transl|zh|Qīngshuǐhé Xiàn}}
|2,859
|93,887
|33
|-
|[[Tumed Left Banner]]<br />(Tumed Jun Banner)
|{{MongolUnicode|ᠲᠦᠮᠡᠳ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠣᠰᠢᠭᠤ|style=max-height:1.8em;word-wrap:normal}}<br />{{small|(Tümed Jegün qosiɣu)}}
|{{lang|zh|土默特左旗}}
|{{transl|zh|Tǔmòtè Zuǒ Qí}}
|2,765
|312,532
|113
|}
{{clear}}

==Demographics==
{{Historical populations

|type=China

|1953|792600

|1964|1118600

|1982|1645200

|1990|1911600

|2000|2437900

|2010|2866600

|footnote = Population size may be affected by changes on administrative divisions.

|}}
The urban population of Hohhot has increased rapidly since the 1990s. According to the [[Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China|2010 Census]], the population of Hohhot had reached 2,866,615 people, 428,717 more inhabitants than in 2000 (''the average annual demographic growth for the period 2000–2010 was of 1.63 percent'').<ref name=renkou/><ref>{{in lang|zh}} Compilation by LianXin website. [http://www.luqyu.cn/tongjishow.asp?tid=1044 Data from the Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110622085453/http://www.luqyu.cn/tongjishow.asp?tid=1044 |date=22 June 2011 }}</ref> Its built-up (''or metro'') area is home to 1,980,774 inhabitants (''4 urban districts'').

The majority of the population of Hohhot are [[Han Chinese]], representing 87.16 percent of the total population in 2010. Most Han in Hohhot, if their ancestry is traced several decades back, have ancestors from [[Shanxi]], [[northeast China]], or [[Hebei]]. Most Mongols in the city speak [[Chinese language|Chinese]]. A 1993 survey conducted by [[Inner Mongolia University]] found that only 8 percent of Tümed Mongols (the majority tribe in Hohhot) could speak the [[Mongolian language]].<ref name="Jank"/>{{rp|15}} A significant portion of the population is of mixed ethnic origin. According to the anthropologist William Jankowiak, author of the book ''Sex, Death, and Hierarchy in a Chinese City'' (1993), there is "relatively little difference between minority culture and Han culture" in Hohhot, with differences concentrating around relatively minor attributes such as food and art, and similarities abounding over fundamental issues of ethics, status, life goals, and worldview.<ref name="Jank">{{cite book |last=Jankowiak |first=William R |url=https://archive.org/details/sexdeathhierarch00jank |title=Sex, Death, and Hierarchy in a Chinese City: An Anthropological Account |publisher=Columbia University Press |year=1993 |pages=5, 11–16}}</ref>{{rp|5}}

Ethnic groups in Hohhot, according to the 2000 census, were:
{| class= wikitable
|- 
! Ethnicity
! Population
! Percentage
|-
| align="left" | [[Han Chinese]]
| 2,115,888
| 88.42%
|-
| align="left" | Mongol
| 204,846
| 8.56%
|-
| align="left" | [[Hui]]
| 38,417
| 1.61%
|-
| align="left" | [[Manchu]]
| 26,439
| 1.10%
|-
| align="left" | [[Daur people|Daur]]
| 2,663
| 0.11%
|-
| align="left" | [[Koreans|Korean]]
| 1,246
| 0.05%
|-
| align="left" | [[Miao people|Miao]]
| 443
| 0.02%
|}

== Economy ==
Hohhot is a major industrial center within [[Inner Mongolia]]. Together with [[Baotou]] and [[Ordos (city)|Ordos]], it accounts for more than 60 percent of the total industrial output of Inner Mongolia.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hsw.cn/realty/2007-08/23/content_6509428_2.htm|script-title=zh:鄂尔多斯人均GDP超北京 房产业面临何种机遇|language=zh|access-date=1 February 2014|archive-date=17 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141217221612/http://www.hsw.cn/realty/2007-08/23/content_6509428_2.htm|url-status=dead}}</ref> After Baotou and Ordos, it is the third-largest economy of the province, with GDP of RMB 247.56 billion in 2012, up 11.0 percent year on year.<ref name=2012stat/> Hohhot accounted for approximately 15.5 percent of the province's total GDP in 2012.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://china-trade-research.hktdc.com/business-news/article/Fast-Facts/Hohhot-Inner-Mongolia-City-Information/ff/en/1/1X000000/1X09WB4Z.htm |title=hktdc.com – Profiles of China Provinces, Cities and Industrial Parks |publisher=Tdctrade.com |access-date=1 February 2014}}</ref> It is also the largest consumer center in the region, recording [[Renminbi|¥]]102.2 billion retail sales of consumer goods in 2012, an increase of 14.9 percent from 2011.<ref name=2012stat>{{cite web|script-title=zh:呼和浩特市2012年国民经济和社会发展统计公报|url=http://www.huhhot.gov.cn/hhhttjj/show_news.asp?id=713|website=Hohhot Municipal Bureau of Statistics|access-date=17 July 2015|language=zh|date=1 April 2013|archive-date=24 September 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150924031814/http://www.huhhot.gov.cn/hhhttjj/show_news.asp?id=713|url-status=dead}}</ref> The city has been a central developmental target for the [[China Western Development]] project being pursued by the Central Government. There are many famous enterprises located in Hohhot, including China's largest dairy producer by sales revenue, the Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group, and the China Mengniu Dairy Co.<ref>"[http://www.fao.org/ag/humannutrition/27958-0c1357167a706c4034b427a18fe12bf5f.pdf Programa Conjunto FAO/OMS Sobre Normas Alimentarias]" ([https://web.archive.org/web/20150726235930/http://www.fao.org/ag/humannutrition/27958-0c1357167a706c4034b427a18fe12bf5f.pdf Archive]). [[Food and Agriculture Organization]]. p. 30. Retrieved on 10 July 2014. "Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co. Ltd. No. 8, Jinsi Road, Jinchun Developing Zone 010080 Hohhot P.R. China"</ref>

As the economic center of Inner Mongolia, Hohhot's urban area has expanded greatly since the 1990s. [[Central Business District|CBDs]] have grown rapidly in all the city's major districts. The completion of a new office tower for the Municipal Government in Eastern Hohhot marked a shift of the city center to the east. Hailiang Plaza ({{lang|zh-hans|海亮广场}}), a 41-floor tower constructed in the city center, became one of the few notable department stores for [[luxury good|luxury merchandise]] in the city.

=== Major development zones ===
*Hohhot Economic and Technological Development Zone
*Hohhot Export Processing Zone

== Culture ==
[[File:Hohhot Dazhao temple.ecriteau miltilingue.jpg|thumb|200px|A sign in Mongolian, Chinese, Tibetan, and Manchurian at the [[Dazhao Temple (Hohhot)|Dazhao temple]] in Hohhot.]]
Due to its relatively diverse cultural make-up, and despite its characteristics as a mid-sized Chinese industrial city, the Hohhot street scene has no shortage of ethnic minority elements. Tongdao Road, a major street in the old town area, is decorated with Islamic and Mongol exterior designs on all its buildings. A series of government initiatives in recent years have emphasized Hohhot's identity with ethnic minority groups, especially in increasing Mongol-themed architecture around the city. By regulation, all street signs and public transportation announcements are in both Chinese and Mongolian.<ref>{{cite web|script-title=zh:呼和浩特市社会市面蒙汉两种文字并用管理办法|url=http://www.seac.gov.cn/art/2011/1/18/art_4030_107858.html|publisher=National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People's Republic of China|access-date=13 July 2015|archive-date=13 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713094258/http://www.seac.gov.cn/art/2011/1/18/art_4030_107858.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>

=== Dialect ===
{{See also|Hohhot dialect}}
Older Hohhot residents mostly tend to converse in the [[Hohhot dialect]], a branch of the [[Jin Chinese|Jin language]] from neighbouring [[Shanxi]] province. This spoken form can be difficult to understand for speakers of other [[Mandarin Chinese]] dialects. The newer residents, mostly concentrated in Xincheng and Saihan Districts, speak Hohhot-based Mandarin, the majority also with a noticeable accent and some unique vocabulary.

=== Cuisine ===
Food specialty in the area is mostly focused on Mongol cuisine and dairy products. Commercially, Hohhot is known for being the base of the nationally renowned dairy giants [[Yili Group|Yili]] and [[Mengniu]]. The Mongol drink ''[[suutei tsai]]'' ({{zh|c=奶茶 |p=nǎichá |l=[[milk tea]]}}), has become a typical breakfast selection for anyone living in or visiting the city.<ref name="Planet"/> The city also has rich traditions in the making of [[hot pot]] and ''[[shaomai]]'', a type of traditional [[Chinese cuisine|Chinese]] [[dumpling]] served as [[dim sum]].<ref name="Hsiung">Hsiung, Deh-Ta. Simonds, Nina. Lowe, Jason. [2005] (2005). The food of China: a journey for food lovers. Bay Books. {{ISBN|978-0-681-02584-4}}. p 38.</ref>

== Transportation ==
=== Airport ===
Hohhot's [[Hohhot Baita International Airport|Baita International Airport]] ([[IATA]]:HET) is located about {{convert|14.3|km|abbr=on}} east of the city centre by car. It has direct flights to larger domestic cities including [[Beijing]], [[Tianjin]],<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.wxwlmh.com/news/kywl/html/201412891938.html |script-title=zh:春运开始后"天津-呼和浩特-阿拉善左旗"航线成为热点 |language=zh-hans |script-website=zh:无锡物流 |date=28 January 2014 |access-date=28 January 2014 |archive-date=2 May 2014 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140502203702/http://www.wxwlmh.com/news/kywl/html/201412891938.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> Shanghai, Shenzhen, Chengdu, and others. It also has flights to [[Taichung]],<ref>{{cite news|url=http://news.sina.com.cn/o/2014-04-28/142030025638.shtml |script-title=zh:台湾远东航空看好内蒙古下月开通呼和浩特航线|language=zh-cn |work=[[Sina News]]|date=28 April 2014|access-date=28 April 2014}}</ref> [[Hong Kong]], and [[Ulaanbaatar]], Mongolia.

=== Railway ===
Hohhot lies on the [[Jingbao Railway]] from Beijing to Baotou, and is served by two railway stations: [[Hohhot railway station]] and [[Hohhot East railway station]].<ref name="hui1993">{{cite book|author=Zhongguo dui wai jing ji mao yi nian jian bian ji wei yuan hui|title=Almanac of China's foreign economic relations and trade|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=GMxGAAAAMAAJ|year=1993|publisher=華潤貿易諮詢有限公司  |page=945}}</ref> The line began operation in 1921.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nmg.xinhuanet.com/zt/2008-09/23/content_14498830.htm |script-title=zh:外观宏伟造型独特 呼和浩特东站完美初现 |publisher=[[Xinhua News]] Inner Mongolia |date=2008-09-23 |access-date=11 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303173345/http://www.nmg.xinhuanet.com/zt/2008-09/23/content_14498830.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016 |url-status=dead }}{{in lang|zh}}</ref> [[Passenger rail transport in China|Trains]] to Beijing link to destinations to the south and the [[Northeast China|northeast]]. The most prominent rail link with Beijing is the overnight K90 train, which has served the Hohhot-Beijing line since the 1980s and is referred to colloquially as the "9-0". Westbound trains go through Baotou and [[Lanzhou]].  There are also rail links to most major Inner Mongolian cities and to [[Ulaanbaatar]], Mongolia.

Because the quickest trip to Beijing takes around six and a half hours despite the relatively close proximity of the two cities, plans for [[high-speed rail in China|high-speed rail]] were discussed extensively prior to the construction of a high-speed railway station beginning in 2008. The station was completed in 2011 and initially serviced only ordinary lines. In January 2015, CRH opened its first D-series (''dongchezu'') route in Inner Mongolia in the Baotou-Hohhot-[[Ulanqab|Jining]] corridor, shortening travel time between Inner Mongolia's two largest cities to a mere 50 minutes.<ref name=dongchezu>{{cite news|script-title=zh:呼和浩特正式跨入"动车"时代|url=http://www.nmg.xinhuanet.com/huhehaote/ywlibrary/2015-01/09/c_1113943941.htm|work=Inner Mongolia Xinhua|date=9 January 2015|access-date=13 July 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713220112/http://www.nmg.xinhuanet.com/huhehaote/ywlibrary/2015-01/09/c_1113943941.htm|archive-date=13 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref> This line reached a maximum speed of {{convert|200|km/h|0|abbr=on}} between Hohhot and Baotou. Another high-speed rail line [[Zhangjiakou–Hohhot high-speed railway|linking Hohhot to Zhangjiakou]] and the planned [[Beijing-Zhangjiakou Intercity Railway|Beijing-Zhangjiakou]] railway are due for completion in 2017, and are designed to operate at {{convert|250|km/h|0|abbr=on}}. The section between Hohhot and Ulanqab (Jining) opened in August 2017; travel time between the two cities was shortened to 40 minutes.<ref>{{cite news|script-title=zh:呼张客专开土动工,方便进京之路|url=http://www.chnrailway.com/html/20140421/366516.shtml|access-date=12 November 2014 |publisher=China Railways |language=zh}}</ref>

=== Expressways ===
An expressway built in 1997 (then known as the Hubao Expressway) links Hohhot with [[Baotou]]. In recent years this expressway has been expanded eastwards to [[Jining District|Jining]] and [[Zhangjiakou]], and on to [[Beijing]] as part of the [[G6 Beijing–Lhasa Expressway]] (Jingzang Expressway). The city is on the route of [[China National Highway 110]], which runs from [[Yinchuan]] to [[Beijing]]. [[China National Highway 209]] begins in Hohhot and carries traffic southbound towards southern China, with its terminus in [[Guangxi]]. Hohhot is connected to its northern counties by the Huwu Highway, which was completed in 2006. Previously, travel to the northern counties had required lengthy navigation through mountainous terrain.

Long-distance buses connect Hohhot to outlying counties, the cities of Baotou, [[Wuhai]], and [[Ordos (city)|Ordos]], and other areas in Inner Mongolia.

=== Public transport & Roadways ===
Hohhot's major north–south thoroughfares are called roads (Lu) and its east–west thoroughfares are called streets (Jie). The largest elevated interchange is near the site of the city's Drum Tower (Gulou), after which it is named. Several major streets are named after Inner Mongolian leagues and cities; among these, Hulun Buir, Jurim (now Tongliao), Ulaanhad (Now Chifeng), Xilin Gol, and Xing'an run north–south, while Bayannur, Hailar, Ulaanqab, and Erdos run east–west.

The city's public transit system is composed of nearly one hundred bus routes and a large fleet of taxicabs, which are normally green or blue. Bus fare is 1 yuan; taxi fares begin at 8 yuan.

=== Metro ===
The [[Hohhot Metro]] is in operation. Line 1 opened on 29 December 2019.<ref name=hmcc>{{cite web|url=http://hmcc.hhhtnews.com/p/116526.html|date=2019-12-27|script-title=zh:官宣！呼和浩特地铁1号线12月29日开始初期运营|work=Hohhot News|access-date=30 December 2019|archive-date=24 November 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124031611/http://hmcc.hhhtnews.com/p/116526.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>
== Education ==
Universities located in Hohhot include:
*[[Inner Mongolia University of Finance and Economics]]
*[[Inner Mongolia University]], only 211 Project University in Inner Mongolia.<ref name="Inner Mongolia University">{{cite web|url=http://ndnews.imu.edu.cn/english/uo/index.htm|title=Inner Mongolia University: A survey of the university|publisher=Inner Mongolia University|access-date=2009-03-12|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090226221902/http://ndnews.imu.edu.cn/english/uo/index.htm|archive-date=26 February 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>
*[[Inner Mongolia University of Agriculture]]
*[[Inner Mongolia Normal University]]
*[[Inner Mongolia University of Technology]]
*[[Inner Mongolia College of Medicine]]
*[[Inner Mongolia College of Finance and Economics]]
*[[Hohhot College of Education]]
*[[Hohhot College of Police]]
*[[Honder College of Inner Mongolia Normal University]]

High Schools located in Hohhot include:
*Hohhot No.2 Middle School
*[[Affiliated Middle School to Inner Mongolia Normal University]]
* Hohhot experimental middle school
*Hohhot No.1 Middle School

== Sports ==
Hohhot lacked a professional soccer team until [[Shenyang Dongjin F.C.]] relocated to Hohhot, changing their name to Hohhot Dongjin, in 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://sports.163.com/12/0229/08/7RDSC7FC00051C8L.html |script-title=zh:东进更名主场落户呼和浩特 老总:只是换了个名字 |website=[[163.com]] Sports |date=2012-02-29 |access-date=21 July 2014 |archive-date=20 March 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120320222412/http://sports.163.com/12/0229/08/7RDSC7FC00051C8L.html |url-status=dead }}</ref> They played at [[Hohhot City Stadium]], which was newly built in 2007.<ref name="nc.mofcom.gov.cn"/> The club finished in the bottom of the league in the 2012 season and was and relegated to [[China League Two|League Two]]. After playing half a season at Hohhot in 2013, the team relocated to [[Liaoning]] and chose [[Benxi City Stadium]] as their new home court.<ref>{{cite news |script-title=zh:呼和浩特东进终于返乡 未来中乙主场设辽宁本溪|url=http://sports.sohu.com/20130725/n382539682.shtml|access-date=13 July 2015|agency=沈阳晚报|date=25 July 2013}}</ref>

On 14 January 2015, [[Taiyuan Zhongyou Jiayi F.C.]] moved to Hohhot and changed their name to Nei Mongu Zhongyou F.C.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fa.org.cn/bulletin/clb/2015-01-14/462550.html |script-title=zh:关于太原中优嘉怡足球俱乐部有限公司工商迁移并更名的公示 |website=fa.org.cn |date=2015-01-14 |language=zh-hans |access-date=11 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107021444/http://www.fa.org.cn/bulletin/clb/2015-01-14/462550.html |archive-date=7 November 2017 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The team play in [[China League One]] and chose Hohhot City Stadium as their home in 2015. The team had been first established as Shanxi Jiayi F.C. on 8 October 2011.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sxrb.com/sxrb/bban/B2/1273796.html |script-title=zh:山西嘉怡足球俱乐部在并成立 |website=Shanxi News |language=zh-hans |access-date=11 July 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141104164556/http://www.sxrb.com/sxrb/bban/B2/1273796.html |archive-date=4 November 2014 |url-status=dead }}</ref>

== Notable landmarks ==
There were over 50 Ming and Qing [[Buddhist]] temples and towers in Guihua and Suiyuan.

*[[Zhaojun Tomb]] ({{lang|zh|昭君墓}}), located about nine kilometers south of the city center. It is said to be the tomb of [[Wang Zhaojun]], a woman of the [[Han Empire]] who married a [[Xiongnu]] [[Chanyu]] (king).
*[[Wanbu Huayanjing Pagoda|Baita Pagoda]] ({{lang|zh|白塔}}), located in the eastern rural area nearing the airport. It was constructed during the [[Liao Dynasty]]. The airport of Hohhot is named after Baita Pagoda.
*[[Dazhao Temple (Hohhot)|Da Zhao Temple]] ({{lang|zh|大召}}), located in the centre of Guihua town. It was constructed in the [[Northern Yuan Dynasty]] and is the oldest Buddhist lama monastery in the city.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.97616.net/vjingdian_654.html |script-title=zh:大召寺 |website=97616.net |language=zh-hans}}</ref>
*[[Five Pagoda Temple (Hohhot)|Temple of the Five Pagodas]] ({{lang|zh|五塔寺}}), located in the eastern part of Guihua town. It was completed in the [[Qing Dynasty]], with architecture very similar to that of Indian temples.<ref name="Planet">{{cite book|author=Lonely Planet|title=Níngxià and Inner Mongolia – Guidebook Chapter|date=June 2012|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kYMdgPu0BAsC&pg=PT25|publisher=Lonely Planet|isbn=978-1-74321-265-3|page=25}}</ref> On its walls there are more than 1,500 figures of Buddha.
*[[Residence of Gurun Princess Kejing]] ({{lang|zh-hant|固倫恪靖公主府}}), located at the foot of [[Yinshan Mountain]]. It was the mansion of Gurun Princess Kejing of the Qing Dynasty, who was married to a Mongol prince.
*[[Residence of the General]] ({{lang|zh-hant|將軍衙署}}), located in the centre of Suiyuan town. It was the residence and office building of Suiyuan Generals of the Qing Dynasty.
*[[Great Mosque of Hohhot]] ({{lang|zh|清真大寺}}), located out of the northern gate of Guihua town. It was constructed during the [[Qing Dynasty]].
*[[Inner Mongolia Museum]] ({{lang|zh-hans|内蒙古博物院}}). Main exhibits include dinosaur fossils, historical artifacts of nomadic peoples, and the cultural life of modern nomadic peoples.
*[[Qingcheng Park]] ({{lang|zh-hans|青城公园}}), formerly People's Park, in the city center<ref name=hhht>{{cite web |script-title=zh:记忆中的呼市人民公园 |trans-title=Hohhot People's Park |url=http://www.hhhtnews.com/2014/0224/1533920.shtml |publisher=Hohhot News |access-date=2014-05-02 |language=zh |date=2014-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150713054948/http://www.hhhtnews.com/2014/0224/1533920.shtml |archive-date=13 July 2015 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
<gallery>
File:HuhhotStatue.jpg|The sculpture of "Milk Capital" symbol
File:Early morning at a Mosque, Hohhot.jpg|Great Mosque of Hohhot
</gallery>

== See also ==
{{Portal|China}}
* [[Manhan folk song]]
* [[Suiyuan Province]]

== Notes ==
{{Notelist}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|colwidth=30em}}

== Bibliography==
{{Refbegin}}
* Perkins (1999). ''Encyclopedia of China: The Essential Reference to China, Its History and Culture''. Dorothy Perkins. 1st paperback edition: 2000. A Roundtable Press Book, New York, N.Y. {{ISBN|0-8160-4374-4}} (pbk).
{{Refend}}

== External links ==
{{Commons category|Hohhot}}
* [http://www.huhhot.gov.cn/ Hohhot government website] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20050418033524/http://www.huhhot.gov.cn/ |date=18 April 2005 }} {{in lang|zh-cn}}
** [http://mgl.huhhot.gov.cn/ Hohhot government website] {{in lang|mn}}
*[http://en.hhhtnews.com/index.html China Daily news] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230809125538/http://en.hhhtnews.com/index.html |date=9 August 2023 }}
* {{Wikivoyage-inline}}

{{Inner Mongolia topics}}
{{Inner Mongolia}}
{{Prefectural-level divisions of the People's Republic of China}}
{{Metropolitan cities of the People's Republic of China}}
{{Provincial capitals of China}}
{{Major cities along the Yellow River}}

{{Authority control}}
{{Coord|40.842|N|111.749|E|type:adm2nd_region:CN-15_source:Gaode|format=dms|display=t}}<!--Hohhot government coords-->

[[Category:Hohhot| ]]
[[Category:Provincial capitals in China]]
[[Category:Populated places established in 1581]]
[[Category:Cities in Inner Mongolia]]
[[Category:National forest cities in China]]
[[Category:1581 establishments in China]]
[[Category:Prefecture-level divisions of Inner Mongolia]]