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{{Integralism}}
'''''Integralismo Lusitano''''' (English: "Lusitanian Integralism") was a [[Portugal|Portuguese]] [[integralism|integralist]] political movement founded in [[Coimbra]] in 1914 that advocated [[Traditionalist conservatism|traditionalism]] but not [[conservatism]]. It was against [[parliamentary system|parliamentarism]] but favoured [[decentralization]], [[national syndicalist|national syndicalism]], the [[Catholic Church in Portugal|Catholic Church]] and the [[Kingdom of Portugal|monarchy]]. Its members included an amalgam of rightists, monarchists, Catholics and nationalists.<ref name=":0">{{Cite book|last=Wheeler|first=Douglas L.|title=Republican Portugal: A Political History, 1910-1926|publisher=University of Wisconsin Press|year=1998|isbn=978-0-299-07454-8|location=Madison|pages=268}}</ref>

== Origin ==
Lusitanian Integralism is a variant of integralism that evolved in Portugal, the term "[[Lusitania]]" being derived from the [[Latin]] term for the southern region of what is now Portugal. The movement was created to address the threats of anticlerical liberalism, socialism, populist and revolution.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Griffin|first=Roger|title=The Nature of Fascism|publisher=Routledge|year=2013|isbn=978-0-415-09661-4|location=London|pages=118}}</ref> The movement drew inspiration from the French royalist movement ''[[Action française]]'' and it considered an authoritarian, nationalist and corporatist monarchy to be ideal.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Payne|first=Stanley G.|title=Fascism in Spain, 1923–1977|publisher=University of Wisconsin Pres|year=1999|isbn=0-299-16560-4|location=Madison|pages=18}}</ref> The movement was particularly active during the [[Portuguese First Republic]], which it criticised.<ref>{{Cite book|last1=Galimi|first1=Valeria|title=Intellectuals in the Latin Space during the Era of Fascism: Crossing Borders|last2=Gori|first2=Annarita|date=2020-02-26|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-351-05712-7|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref>

== Activities ==
It initially supported the last [[king of Portugal]], [[Manuel II of Portugal|Manuel II]] but refused to back him after 1920 after the attempts to restore the monarchy that were initiated in [[Monsanto Forest Park]], [[Lisbon]], and during the [[Monarchy of the North]], but it supported Manuel's cousin, [[Miguel, Duke of Braganza|Miguel of Braganza]].

Integralismo Lusitano's notable members included [[António Sardinha]], [[Alberto de Monsaraz]], [[José Adriano Pequito Rebelo]], [[José Hipólito Vaz Raposo]], [[João Ameal]], Leão Ramos Ascensão, [[Luís de Almeida Braga]], and [[Francisco Rolão Preto]].

The leadership remained active in 1917–1918, when it supported the leadership of [[Sidónio Pais]], but it also backed the [[Ditadura Nacional]] (''National Dictatorship''), established after the [[28 May 1926 coup d'état]]. It adopted part of the Integralismo Lusitano's ideology.<ref name=":0" />

When Manuel II died without heirs in 1932, the movement rallied all monarchists behind the descendants of [[Miguel I of Portugal|Miguel]], who had been exiled after the [[Liberal Wars]]. 

Integralismo Lusitano published a journal called ''Nação Portuguesa'', which collaborated with other figures for its counter-revolutionary publications.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Marchi|first=Riccardo|title=The Portuguese Far Right: Between Late Authoritarianism and Democracy (1945-2015)|date=2018-11-08|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-315-40991-7|location=|pages=|language=en}}</ref> It was founded by Raposo.<ref name="Costa">Antonio Costa Pinto, '[http://analisesocial.ics.ul.pt/documentos/1223461249Q5oNF3qf0Ky91XX0.pdf A formaçãodo integralismo lusitano (1907-17)]'</ref>

==See also==
* [[Monarchy of the North]]
* [[Brazilian Integralism]]
* [[Patrianovism]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}
* Ramos Ascensão, Leão, ''O Integralismo Lusitano'', Edições Gama, 1943. (https://web.archive.org/web/20140531114649/http://www.causanacional.net/INTEGRALISMO.pdf)
* {{citation |first=Diamantino P. |last=Machado |title=The Structure of Portuguese Society: The Failure of Fascism |publisher=Praeger Publishers |location=Westport, Connecticut |year=1991}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.academia.edu/20896081/Integralismo_lusitano_made_in_France_ Integralismo lusitano: "made in France"?, Stewart Lloyd-Jones]

[[Category:Integralismo Lusitano| ]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 1914]]
[[Category:20th century in Portugal]]
[[Category:Political history of Portugal]]
[[Category:Monarchist parties in Portugal]]
[[Category:Defunct political parties in Portugal]]
[[Category:1914 establishments in Portugal]]
[[Category:National syndicalism]]
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