View source for Interchange (Australian rules football)

{{Short description|Team position in Australian rules football}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=January 2018}}
{{Use Australian English|date=January 2018}}
[[File:Carlton interchange bench.jpg|thumb|240px|The [[Carlton Football Club|Carlton]] interchange bench in a match against [[St Kilda Football Club|St Kilda]], 2011.]]
'''Interchange''' (or, colloquially, the bench or interchange bench) is a team position in [[Australian rules football]], consisting of players who are part of the selected team but are not currently on the field of play.

==Interchange numbers==
===AFL===
As of the 2023 season, at AFL level, each team is permitted four interchange players, and a maximum of seventy-five total player interchanges during a game;<ref name="afl.com.au">{{Cite web|url=https://www.afl.com.au/news/524804/afl-rule-changes-reveal-rotations-slashed-man-on-mark-on-umps-watchlist|title = AFL rule changes reveal: Rotations slashed, 'man on mark' on notice| date=18 November 2020 }}</ref> players have no limit to the number of times they may individually be changed, and an interchange can occur at any time during the game, including during gameplay. Additionally, a fifth bench player is designated a substitute, allowed to take the field only to permanently replace a player.

The players named on the interchange bench and as the substitute in the teamsheet, which is submitted ninety minutes before the commencement of the game, must be the interchange players who start on the bench, however they may be substituted immediately if the coach wishes.

===Other leagues===
Interchange rules are not uniform across all leagues. In the major state leagues, as of 2016, following interchange numbers are permitted:

*[[South Australian National Football League]]: three interchange players, with a maximum of fifty rotations per team per game.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afl.com.au/news/2015-10-08/sanfl-introduces-new-out-of-bounds-rule-and-50-rotations-per-game|author=Alex Malcolm|date=8 October 2015|access-date=18 February 2016|title=SANFL's bold new out of bounds rule and 50 rotations per game|publisher=Australian Football League}}</ref>
*[[Victorian Football League]]: five interchange players.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vflfooty.com/taxonomy/term/9?page=5|title=Roosters make multitude of changes|date=22 August 2009|access-date=10 September 2011|publisher=VFL Footy}}</ref>

In [[AFL Women's]], in which each side has 16 players on the field instead of the 18 of the men's game, five interchange players are allowed, with a limit 60 rotations per game as of 2023. Prior to 2023, there was no limit on the number of rotations a team could make per game. The AFL, which operates the women's league, decided not to impose a limit on the number of rotations, as that league is contested during the men's AFL offseason in the southern summer.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://womens.afl/game |title=AFLW 101: The Game |publisher=Australian Football League |access-date=6 September 2018 |archive-date=6 September 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180906090341/http://womens.afl/game |url-status=dead }}</ref>

Representative teams (such as [[Interstate matches in Australian rules football|State of Origin]] teams), practice and exhibition matches often feature an extended interchange bench of up to six or eight players.

===Substitutes===
At different times during the history of the sport, there have been ''substitute'' players (also known as ''reserves'') serving a function distinct from interchange players. A player who begins the game as a substitute may take no part in the game until he is substituted for another player, and the player substituted out permanently leaves the field.

The substitute rule was resisted for many years, with the prevailing view in the 1910s and 1920s being that a team should be permitted only to substitute a player in the event of an injury, but that there was no practical way to rule against a team making a tactical substitution.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=News|publication-place=Adelaide, SA|title=Football council – Tied down by leagues|page=1|date=6 November 1929}}</ref> A single substitute, known as the nineteenth man, was finally introduced by the [[Australian National Football Council]] for the 1930 season, with no restrictions on whether the substitution be used for injury or tactical reasons.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Referee|publication-place=Sydney, NSW|title=Teams of 19 players|author=Southerner|page=17|date=19 March 1930}}</ref> A second substitute, the twentieth man, was introduced in 1946,<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=Advocate|publication-place=Burnie, TAS|title=Teams to have two reserves to replace injured players|date=20 February 1946|page=3}}</ref> before the substitutes were replaced by interchange in the 1970s. In the AFL since 2011, a hybrid interchange–substitution arrangement has often existed. Between 2011 and 2015, there were three interchange players and one substitute; under those rules, the substitute was required to wear a green vest until activated, and the player substituted out of the game donned a red vest.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/afl/the-afl-is-expected-to-tick-off-a-concussion-substitute-rule-today/story-e6frf9jf-1226600995854|access-date=21 May 2013|title=The AFL signs off on new concussion substitute rule|first1=Mark|last1=Robinson|first2=Rebecca|last2=Williams|newspaper=Herald Sun|date=20 March 2013}}</ref> There were no substitutes between 2016 and 2020. A true medical substitute was introduced in 2021, which for the first time placed a formal restriction on using the substitute for medical reasons only; except with permission from the AFL Medical Officer, a player substituted off for the medical substitute was ineligible to play again until at least twelve days later;<ref name="medsub">{{cite web|url=https://www.afl.com.au/news/563046/new-rule-reveal-afl-brings-in-medical-sub-ahead-of-r1|date=17 March 2021|accessdate=17 March 2021|title=New rule reveal: AFL brings in 'medical sub' ahead of R1|author=Mitch Cleary}}</ref> this rule remained in place only through 2021 and 2022, before the position reverted to a general substitute available to be used for tactical or medical reasons.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.afl.com.au/news/869839/afl-changes-medical-sub-rule|title=No more medi-sub: AFL to bring in new substitute rule|date=28 November 2022|accessdate=12 March 2023|publisher=Australian Football League|author=Callum Twomey}}</ref>

==Interchange protocol==
In front of the interchange benches is the ''interchange area'' (sometimes called the ''interchange gate''), which is a 15-metre stretch of the boundary line, roughly centred between the two teams' benches, through which all players must enter and exit the ground when being interchanged. It is marked on the boundary line with two short lines, perpendicular to the boundary, and sometimes with a slanted end. A player who interchanges outside of this area is not permitted to return for the rest of the game.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.aflcommunityclub.com.au/fileadmin/user_upload/Umpire_AFL/Laws_of_the_Game/AM_6967_0112_AFL_laws_of_Australian_Football_SINGLEPAGES.pdf|title=Laws of Australian Football 2012|page=20|quote=Law 7.2 (e): a Player who does not leave the Playing Surface as specified under Law 7.2 (d) is unable to re-enter the Playing Surface for the remainder of the Match}}</ref>

Where a player leaves the ground on a stretcher, he is permitted to take the most direct route to the changerooms for medical treatment, and is still permitted to return later in the game; however, where he leaves on a stretcher, the player must wait for 20 minutes of playing time (the length of one regulation quarter) before returning. If a stretcher is brought onto the ground but the player ultimately does not need to use it, he must still wait for 20 minutes before returning.<ref name="laws" />

Due to new AFL [[concussion]] rules, effective from 2011 onwards, any player suspected of suffering a concussion must come off the ground and undergo a concussion test; if found to be concussed, he is not allowed to return to the field for the remainder of the game.

A player may be forced to make an interchange by the umpire under the [[blood rule]]. If an umpire sees a player bleeding, he will call time-on at the next appropriate time, stopping play until the player has left the field and been replaced.

Where the league has a provision to do so, an interchange steward is provided to monitor interchanges.

==Policing interchanges==
===Headcount===
The primary means for controlling interchanges in most leagues (but not in the AFL) is via a headcount, currently detailed in Law 5.5 of the game. To initiate this procedure, a team [[Captain (Australian rules football)|captain]] must request a headcount from the umpire. The umpire, at the opportunity, will call [[time on (Australian rules football)|time on]], and all players from both teams line will line-up in the centre of the ground to be counted by the umpires.

If either team has more players on the ground than it should, the general rule, according to the 2019 Laws of the Game, is that any points the team had scored up to that point during the quarter of the headcount are deducted from the score and a free kick and [[50-metre penalty]] are paid to the opposing captain from the centre of the ground or the spot of the ball. The league may impose additional sanctions, including reversal of a match result, as appropriate. Leagues will not necessarily deduct scores during the match; in some cases, the quarter's progress score at the time of the headcount is recorded, and league officials meet after the game to assess whether or not to retrospectively cancel that score.<ref name="Frankston" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nfl.org.au/Junior-News/round-9-jc-a-the-juniors.html|title=Round 9 JC & the Juniors|date=2 June 2010|access-date=10 September 2011|publisher=Northern Football League|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218050832/http://www.nfl.org.au/Junior-News/round-9-jc-a-the-juniors.html|archive-date=18 February 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref> Provisions also exist in the rules for a league to review, identify and impose a penalty (including reversal of the match result) for having too many players on the ground in a post-match video review, without a headcount having been executed during the match.<ref name="laws2019">{{cite web|url=https://resources.afl.com.au/afl/document/2019/12/04/d8d5f2cf-04eb-4530-b2d5-5cc799ff625c/2019-Laws-of-Australian-Football.pdf|title=Laws of Australian Football|date=2019|publisher=Australian Football League|publication-place=Melbourne}}</ref>

If both teams have the correct number of players, a free kick and 50-metre penalty are paid against the captain who initiated the headcount; that captain may also be reported for time-wasting and [[Ejection (sports)|ordered off]] (should the rules of the league permit) if the umpire believes the captain's primary reason for calling the headcount was to waste time.<ref name="laws">{{cite web|url=http://www.afl.com.au/portals/0/afl_docs/Laws%20of%20Football_2011.pdf|title=Laws of Australian Football|year=2011|access-date=10 September 2011|pages=17–18|publisher=Australian Football League|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110405092426/http://afl.com.au/portals/0/afl_docs/Laws%20of%20Football_2011.pdf|archive-date=5 April 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Up until the 2018 Laws of the Game, the penalty for having too many players on the ground was cancellation of the team's ''entire'' score at the time of the headcount rather than just the score in the quarter of the headcount, and there was no formal allowance for a post-match review and reversal of the result if no headcount had occurred.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://aflvic.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2018/01/AFL-Laws-of-the-Game-2018.pdf|title=Laws of Australian Football 2018|date=2018|access-date=5 October 2020|publisher=Australian Football League}}</ref> This immense penalty, which predated the interchange bench or even reserve players, was long known to be one of the great curiosities in the game's laws, and was seen so rarely that decades would usually pass without a league seeing it invoked. The rules were modernized at the end of 2018 after two high-profile incidents which, by incredible coincidence, 
affected separate state league finals on the exact same day: the [[2018 SANFL season#Preliminary Final|SANFL preliminary final]], when the league had no recourse to change the result of a game won by a [[North Adelaide Football Club|North Adelaide]] team which fielded 19 men for several crucial final-quarter minutes without a headcount; and the [[2018 NEAFL season|NEAFL grand final]] (described below) when premier Southport was caught with 19 men on the field in a headcount in the opening seconds of the final quarter. In recent years, the majority of incidents of extra players on the field have been an error by a player who was meant to go to the bench after an interval, hence the shift in rules from cancelling the team's entire score to just cancelling the score for that quarter, but with the provision for further penalty as appropriate.

====Famous headcounts====
Perhaps the most famous headcount request occurred in the SANFL in Round 15, 1975. [[West Torrens Football Club|West Torrens]]' champion [[Fred Bills]], playing the last of his 313 league games (having announced his retirement earlier that week) entered the field of play before [[John Cassin (footballer)|John Cassin]], who was injured and lying on a stretcher, had left it. This prompted [[West Adelaide Football Club|West Adelaide]], trailing 11.7 (73) to 12.10 (82) in the final quarter,<!-- Note: Score is referenced from the report in The Advertiser; edited footage of the incident on Youtube suggests the score may have been 10.7 to 12.10 --> to request a headcount.<ref name="adcount">{{citation|newspaper=The Advertiser|date=11 August 1975|title=Fred fades out in confusion|page=16|publication-place=Adelaide|first=Geoff|last=Kingston}}</ref> West Torrens players ran for the boundary line, while West Adelaide players wrestled with them to keep them in bounds; in the chaos, one player, identified in the match report published in ''[[The Advertiser (Adelaide)|The Advertiser]]'' as [[Norm Dare]],{{Ref|1|Note 1}}<ref name="adcount" /> managed to leap the fence and hide under a supporter's coat to avoid detection from the umpire. Ultimately, the count was abandoned when it became impossible to vouch for who was on the field at the time of the request, and West Torrens went on to win by three goals. The incident was celebrated as one of the sport's 150 greatest moments in the 150th year celebrations in 2008.<ref name="aflcount">{{cite web|url=http://www.carltonfc.com.au/tabid/4311/default.aspx?newsid=56241|date=13 March 2008|title=Moment #82: Out for the count|access-date=10 September 2011|publisher=Carlton Football Club}}{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The debacle was covered in a popular [[Secret Base]] [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FCp28zzO6Pw video] on YouTube.

The other most famous headcount occurred during the Grand Final of the 2018 [[North East Australian Football League]] season between [[Southport Australian Football Club|Southport]] and [[Sydney Swans#Reserves|Sydney reserves]]. Southport was leading by ten goals at three-quarter time but accidentally sent nineteen men onto the field to start the final quarter; Sydney called for a headcount twenty seconds later, and Southport's extra man was discovered. Sydney received a free kick and fifty-metre penalty, and play continued with nobody sure whether or not Southport's score would stand – this incident occurred when the penalty could have been annulment of Southport's entire score. Only a few minutes before the end of the game, NEAFL officials decided not to annul Southport's score, using a separate provision within the laws of the game which allowed the full penalty not to be applied if the breach had no material impact on the game. Southport won the game by 55 points.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afl.com.au/news/2018-09-16/player-count-needed-in-dramatic-neafl-decider|title=Player count drama in SANFL, NEAFL finals|author=Ben Collins|date=17 September 2018|access-date=17 September 2018|publisher=Australian Football League}}</ref>

Scores which are stripped from a team due to a headcount are also stripped from the players' individual statistics. This had an impact on the [[2013 VFL season]]'s [[Frosty Miller Medal|leading goalkicker medal]]: [[Frankston Football Club|Frankston]]'s Michael Lourey finished one goal behind [[Port Melbourne Football Club|Port Melbourne]]'s [[Dean Galea]] for the medal, having had one of his goals annulled in a headcount earlier in the season.<ref>{{cite web|publisher=Sportingpulse|access-date=27 August 2013|date=27 August 2013|title=Headcount costs Lourey medal|url=http://www.sportingpulse.com/assoc_page.cgi?client=1-118-0-0-0&&news_task=DETAIL&articleID=25233702}}</ref>

There have been only three headcounts, all unsuccessful, in the history of the [[VFL/AFL]].
*by {{AFL Stk}} captain [[Wels Eicke]] against {{AFL Car}} [[1924 VFL season#Round 12|Round 12, 1924]];
*by {{AFL Ess}} captain [[Jack Clarke (Australian footballer, born 1933)|Jack Clarke]] against {{AFL NM}} in [[1958 VFL season#Round 17|Round 17, 1958]];
*by {{AFL|WC}} captain [[Guy McKenna]] against St Kilda in [[1999 AFL season#Round 22|Round 22, 1999]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://footystats.freeservers.com/Special/1999review.html|title=1999 Review|year=1999|access-date=10 September 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927103855/http://footystats.freeservers.com/Special/1999review.html|archive-date=27 September 2011|url-status=dead|df=dmy-all}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|date=2020-09-18|title=Bluey explains bizarre 'headcount' incident|url=https://thewest.com.au/sport/afl/former-west-coast-captain-guy-mckenna-reveals-thought-process-behind-infamous-headcount-call-ng-b881670032z|access-date=2021-09-25|website=The West Australian|language=en}}</ref>

Notable successful headcounts around the country which resulted in the cancellation of a team's score are listed in the table below. Where scores are given, the team which suffered the head-count penalty is listed first.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|- style="background:#efefef;"
! League
! Club penalised
! Opponent
! Match
! Score at count
! Count time
! Final score
! Report
|-
| [[Victorian Football Association|VFA]] || {{AFL Ric}} || {{AFL Ess}} || [[1896 VFA season#Round 9|Round 9, 1896]] || 3.3 – 2.4 || 3rd quarter || 1.4 – 9.9 || <ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Argus|publication-place=Melbourne|date=6 July 1896|title=Football – Notes on Saturday's games|pages=6|author=Observer}}</ref>
|-
| [[Reporter District Football League]] || Burwood Football Club |Burwood || [[Camberwell Football Club|Camberwell]] || 1911 Final || 16 – 10 || 1st quarter || 30 – 32 || <ref>{{cite web | url=https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/90366422 | title=Reporter District Football Competition. - THE FINAL MATCH. - the Reporter (Box Hill, Vic. : 1889 - 1925) - 15 Sep 1911 | newspaper=Reporter | date=15 September 1911 }}</ref>
|-
| [[Victorian Football Association|VFA]] || {{AFL NM}} || [[Preston Football Club (VFA)|Preston]] || [[1911 VFA season|1911]] season || 47 – 13 || 2nd quarter || 69 – 48 || <ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Argus|publication-place=Melbourne|date=22 July 1921|title=Football – Notes and comments|pages=4|author=Old Boy}}</ref>
|-
| [[Victorian Football Association|VFA]] || [[Prahran Football Club|Prahran]] || [[Brighton Football Club|Brighton]] || [[1921 VFA season|Round 10, 1921]] || 26 – 17 || 1st quarter || 34 – 34 || <ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Argus|publication-place=Melbourne|date=18 July 1921|title=The Association – Footscray leads|page=3|author=Old Boy}}</ref>
|-
| [[Victorian Football Association|VFA]] || [[Northcote Football Club|Northcote]] || [[Yarraville Football Club|Yarraville]] || [[1977 VFA season#Centenary Cup|Centenary Cup, 1977]] || 89 – ?? || 4th quarter || 20 – 154 || <ref>{{cite news|newspaper=The Age|publication-place=Melbourne|page=26|author=Marc Fiddian|date=28 March 1977|title=VFA details}}</ref>
|-
| [[Ovens & King Football League|O&KFL]] || Moyhu || Whorouly || 2008 First Semi-Final || 15–22 || 2nd quarter || 9–81 || [http://www.bordermail.com.au/news/local/sport/football-australian-rules/hoppers-chances-of-victory-wiped-out/1258965.aspx]
|-
| [[Barossa Light & Gawler Football Association|BL&GFA]] || Barossa District || Willaston || 2011 First Semi-Final || 59–59 || 4th quarter || 6–81 || [https://web.archive.org/web/20111007041550/http://barossaupdate.com/?p=1609]
|-
| [[Victorian Football League|VFL]] || [[Frankston Football Club|Frankston]] || [[North Ballarat Football Club|North Ballarat]] || [[2013 VFL season#Round 14|Round 14, 2013]] || 38 – ?? || 3rd quarter || 23 – 64 || <ref name="Frankston">{{cite news|newspaper=The Courier|publication-place=Ballarat, VIC|title=Player count strips Frankston of score against Roosters in VFL|first=Melanie|last=Wheeler|date=22 July 2013|access-date=22 July 2013|url=http://www.thecourier.com.au/story/1653000/player-count-strips-frankston-of-score-against-roosters-in-vfl/?cs=63}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=History made: first successful headcount in VFL/AFL history|url=https://www.afl.com.au/news/37957/history-made-first-successful-headcount-in-vflafl-history|access-date=2021-09-25|website=afl.com.au|date=22 July 2013 |language=en}}</ref>
|-
<!--

PLEASE NOTE: General notability is determined by the following criteria:
* Any successful head count, leading to a cancellation of score, in:
** any match in the AFL, VFA/VFL, SANFL, WAFL, NEAFL, TANFL, NTFA, NWFU, NTFL (Tas) or NTFL (NT)
** any finals match at senior level in any other competition
** a Grand Final at a reserves or junior level in any other competition
A report or reference must be provided for all examples

-->
|}

===Interchange infringement penalties===
In [[2008 AFL season#Round 6|Round 6, 2008]], {{AFL NM}} and {{AFL Syd}} played a controversial drawn match, in which a bungled interchange late in the game left Sydney with 19 men on the field for about a minute, during which time the Swans scored the game-tying behind. Although the AFL's laws allowed for each of the Sydney players to be fined $2500 for the error, there could be no change to the match result because North Melbourne had not called for a headcount. This highlighted the impracticality of the head-count rule in a modern professional league with its rapid use of interchanges for fatigue management.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.heraldsun.com.au/sport/afl/afl-to-change-bench-laws/story-e6frf9jf-1111116212567|first=Jon|last=Ralph|date=1 May 2008|access-date=10 September 2011|publisher=Herald Sun|title=AFL to change bench laws}}</ref>

A few weeks after this incident, the AFL introduced a new rule allowing the interchange steward to inform the umpires of interchange errors: specifically, when a player enters the field before the player he is replacing has left the field, or when a player is interchanged without using the interchange gate. In each case, the penalty is a free kick in the centre of the ground or at the spot of the ball at the time, whichever is the greater penalty against the offending team. If the offending team is not in possession of the ball, the umpire shall impose an additional [[50-metre penalty]] against them. Any score or free kicks given to the opposition when an interchange infringement has occurred are cancelled. This process is seen only at the professional AFL level; lower levels of the sport still rely on the head-count rule to police interchanges. AFL captains retain the right to call for a headcount if they believe an interchange infringement has not been detected by the interchange steward (which would most likely be after an interval), but this has not yet been exercised under the new rules.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.afl.com.au/portals/0/afl_docs/afl_hq/policies/new%20interchange%20procedures%2008.pdf|title=New Interchange Procedures 2008|year=2008|access-date=10 September 2011|publisher=Australian Football League|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111020191526/http://www.afl.com.au/portals/0/afl_docs/afl_hq/policies/new%20interchange%20procedures%2008.pdf|archive-date=20 October 2011|df=dmy-all}}</ref>{{Clarify|reason=Not been seen at what level? Any level? Senior level? Isn't this impossible to prove?|date=September 2024}}

In round 10, 2023, in another game between North Melbourne and Sydney, North Melbourne conceded a significant interchange infringement free kick. With the ball in its backline and leading by three points in the final minute, North Melbourne made a 76th interchange, exceeding the interchange cap of 75. The free kick and 50-metre penalty gave Sydney a set shot from the goal line, from which [[Hayden McLean]] kicked the winning goal.<ref>{{cite news|last=Kalinic|first=Dejan|title=Swans edge Roos in bizarre finish to thriller|url=https://www.afl.com.au/news/928478/swans-edge-roos-in-bizarre-finish-to-thriller|website=afl.com.au|date=20 May 2023|access-date=20 May 2023}}</ref>

==Historical interchange rules and tactics==
The number of interchanges allowed has followed the following timeline under [[Australian National Football Council]] (ANFC) rules:
*Prior to 1930 &ndash; there was no means for either substitution or interchange. A team played with 17 on the field (19 prior to 1899) if a player was injured.
*1930 &ndash; the introduction of a single substitute
*1946 &ndash; the introduction of a second substitute
*1978 &ndash; the replacement of two substitutes with two interchanges

Following the disbandment of the ANFC, the following timeline indicates changes to interchange rules in the AFL. Other leagues have not followed this timeline:
*1994 &ndash; the introduction of a third interchange, and introduction of forced interchange under the [[blood rule]]
*1998 &ndash; the introduction of a fourth interchange
*2011 &ndash; the replacement of four interchanges with three interchanges and a substitute
*2013 &ndash; the introduction of forced interchange for concussed players, with the provision for temporary activation of the substitute while a concussion test is conducted
*2014 &ndash; the addition of an interchange cap, limiting teams to 120 interchanges per game
*2016 &ndash; the return to four interchanges without a substitute, reduction of the interchange cap to 90 per game<ref name="2016changes">{{cite web|url=http://www.afl.com.au/news/2015-09-03/sub-rule-abolished-interchange-cap-reduced|title=Sub rule abolished, interchange cap reduced|author=Peter Ryan|date=3 September 2015|publisher=Australian Football League|access-date=3 September 2015}}</ref>
*2021 &ndash; the reduction of the interchange cap to 75 a game,<ref name="afl.com.au"/> and introduction of a medical substitute as a fifth bench player.<ref name="medsub" />
*2023 &ndash; the changing of the medical substitute to a general substitute.

Historically, the interchange bench was used sparingly, and mostly to take poor-performing or players who were injured and unable to continue out of the game. There was a marked change in this at the top level as professionalism grew in the sport between 2000 and 2010, and the interchange bench began to be used much more frequently as a means of rotating players to manage player fatigue through the game and offer rest periods for hard-working players and provide game time for young/old players. The average number of interchanges in the AFL doubled between 2007 (56 changes per team per game) and 2010 (113 changes per team per game) as coaches sought to give frequent rests to their running players.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/sport/rotations-sending-football-into-spin/story-e6frg7mf-1225847176355|title=Rotations sending football into a spin|first=Greg|last=Denham|date=30 March 2010|access-date=10 September 2011|work=The Australian}}</ref> Rule changes in the 2010s and 2020s placed restrictions on the number of interchanges, on the theory that lower fatigue levels were enabling a more defensive play style which was stifling open play and scoring, and that restricting rotations and increasing fatigue could reverse that trend.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.afl.com.au/news/524846/game-adjustments-for-the-2021-toyota-afl-premiership-season|title=Game adjustments for the 2021 Toyota AFL Premiership Season|date=19 November 2020|publisher=Australian Football League|access-date=20 November 2020}}</ref>

{{Aussie rules team | title = Positions on the [[Australian rules football]] field
| backpocket1 = [[#Back pocket|Back pocket]]
| fullback = [[#Full back|Full back]]
| backpocket2 = [[#Back pocket|Back pocket]]
| halfbackflank1 = [[#Half-back flank|Half-back flank]]
| centrehalfback = [[#Centre half-back|Centre half-back]]
| halfbackflank2 = [[#Half-back flank|Half-back flank]]
| wing1 = [[#Midfield|Wing]]
| centre = [[#Midfield|Centre]]
| wing2 = [[#Midfield|Wing]]
| halfforwardflank1 = [[#Half-forward flank|Half-forward flank]]
| centrehalfforward = [[#Centre half-forward|Centre half-forward]]
| halfforwardflank2 = [[#Half-forward flank|Half-forward flank]]
| forwardpocket1 = [[#Forward pocket|Forward pocket]]
| fullforward = [[#Full forward|Full forward]]
| forwardpocket2 = [[#Forward pocket|Forward pocket]]
| ruck = [[#Followers|Ruckman]]
| ruckrover = [[#Followers|Ruck rover]]
| rover = [[#Followers|Rover]]
| interchange1 = [[#Interchange bench|Interchange]]
| interchange2 = [[#Interchange bench|Interchange]]
| interchange3 = [[#Interchange bench|Interchange]]
| interchange4 = [[#Interchange bench|Interchange]]
| interchange5 = [[#Interchange bench|Substitute]]
| interchange6 = 
| coach = [[coach (sports)|coach]]
}}

==Footnotes==
:<small>1.{{note|1}} In the AFL's own account of the incident, as published on its website as part of the 150th-anniversary celebrations, the leap over the fence was credited not to [[Norm Dare]], but to Gerry Noonan – who, like Dare, was a former Fitzroy player in the VFL who transferred to West Torrens in 1975. Additionally, the AFL's account of the incident had one other significant factual difference to the account in ''The Advertiser'': the AFL's account indicated that the match was Fred Bills' 300th match, but the account in ''The Advertiser'' makes it unequivocally clear that it was Bills' 313th and final match.</small>

==References==
{{reflist}}

[[Category:Australian rules football terminology]]
[[Category:Laws of Australian rules football]]