View source for Italian destroyer Irrequieto

{{short description|Italian destroyer of World War I}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin |infobox caption= |italic title=}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=File:Cacciatorpediniere Irrequieto, launching - Naples, 1912.png
|Ship caption=The [[Ceremonial ship launching|launch]] of ''Irrequieto'' at [[Naples]],&nbsp;[[Kingdom of Italy|Italy]], on 12&nbsp;December&nbsp;1912.
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=[[Kingdom of Italy]]
|Ship flag={{shipboxflag|Kingdom of Italy|naval}}
|Ship name=''Irrequieto''
|Ship owner=
|Ship namesake="[[wikt:Restless|Restless]]"
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder={{lang|it|[[Cantiere Pattison]]}}, {{nowrap|[[Naples]], [[Kingdom of Italy]]}}
|Ship laid down=1910
|Ship launched=12 December 1912
|Ship sponsor= Mrs. Blanche Wenner
|Ship acquired=
|Ship commissioned=1913
|Ship decommissioned=
|Ship in service=
|Ship out of service=
|Ship reclassified=[[Torpedo boat]] 1929
|Ship struck=11 October 1937
|Ship reinstated=
|Ship identification=[[Pennant number]] IR
|Ship motto=''Fortibus nulla quies'' ("There is no rest for the strong")
|Ship honors=
|Ship fate=Discarded and scrapped
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship type=[[Destroyer]]
|Ship displacement={{convert|672|-|770|MT|ST}}
|Ship length=*{{convert|237|ft|11|in|m|abbr=on}} ([[Length at the waterline|wl]])<ref name=Con-268>Fraccaroli, pp. 268–269</ref>
*{{convert|239|ft|6|in|m|abbr=on}} ([[length overall|oa]])
|Ship beam={{convert|24|ft|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship draft={{convert|7|ft|11|in|m|abbr=on}}
|Ship propulsion=*2 shafts
*2 × Tosi [[steam turbine]]s
*4 × [[John I. Thornycroft & Company|Thornycroft]] boilers
*{{convert|16,000|hp|0|abbr=on}} designed/{{convert|17,620|shp|0|abbr=on}} maximum
|Ship speed=*{{convert|30|knots|}} designed
*{{convert|35.79|knots|}} maximum
|Ship range=
|Ship endurance=*{{convert|1,200|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|14|knots}}
*{{convert|500|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|25|knots}}
*{{convert|350|nmi|abbr=on}} at {{convert|30|knots}}
|Ship complement=4–5 [[Commissioned officer|officers]], 65–74 [[Enlisted personnel|enlisted men]]
|Ship armament=''As built:''
:1 × [[QF 4.7-inch Gun Mk I–IV|{{convert|4.7|in|mm|sp=us|abbr=on}} gun]]
:4 × [[QF 12-pounder 12 cwt naval gun|{{convert|3|in|mm|1|abbr=on}} guns]]
:2 × {{convert|17.7|in|mm|-1|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s
''After refit:''
:5 × [[Cannon 102/35 Model 1914|{{convert|4|in|mm|0|sp=us|abbr=on}} guns]]
:1 × [[QF 2-pounder naval gun|{{convert|40|mm|in|abbr=on}}]] AA gun
:2 × {{convert|17.7|in|mm|0|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s
|Ship notes=
}}
|}
'''''Irrequieto''''' ({{langx|en|[[wikt:Restless|"Restless"]]}}) was an Italian {{sclass|Indomito|destroyer|0}} [[destroyer]]. [[Ship commissioning|Commissioned]] into service in the Italian {{lang|it|[[Regia Marina]]}} (Royal Navy) in 1913, she served in [[World War I]], playing an active role in the [[Adriatic Campaign of World War I|Adriatic campaign]]. Reclassified as a [[torpedo boat]] in 1929, she was stricken in 1937.

==Construction and commissioning==
''Irrequieto'' was [[Keel-laying|laid down]] at the {{lang|it|[[Cantiere Pattison]]}} ({{langx|en|Pattison [[Shipyard]]}}) in [[Naples]], [[Italy]], in 1910. She was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] on 12&nbsp;December&nbsp;1912, [[Ship sponsor|sponsored]] by Mrs.&nbsp;Blanche&nbsp;Wenner, and [[ship commissioning|commissioned]] in 1913.

==Service history==

===World War I===
====1915====
[[World War I]] broke out in 1914, and the [[Kingdom of Italy]] entered the war on the side of the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] with its [[declaration of war]] on [[Austria-Hungary]] on 23&nbsp;May&nbsp;1915. At the time, ''Irrequieto'', under the command of ''Capitano di corvetta'' ([[Corvette captain|Corvette Captain]]) Moreno,<ref name=forummeer>{{Cite web |url=http://www.forumeerstewereldoorlog.nl/viewtopic.php?t=21288&sid=4a3b6b2e72f70c6903c08eb9ed404f04 |title=Forum Eerste Wereldoorlog :: Bekijk onderwerp - Regia Marina Italiana, 1914-1915<!-- Title generated automatically --> |access-date=2024-04-17 |archive-date=2019-02-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190213183652/http://www.forumeerstewereldoorlog.nl/viewtopic.php?t=21288&sid=4a3b6b2e72f70c6903c08eb9ed404f04 |url-status=dead }}</ref>  and the destroyers {{ship|Italian destroyer|Indomito|1912|2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Impavido|1913|2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Impetuoso|1913|2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Insidioso||2}}, and {{ship|Italian destroyer|Intrepido|1912|2}} made up the 2nd Destroyer Squadron. The [[Squadron (naval)|squadron]], [[Commanding officer|under the command]] of ''Capitano de fregata'' ([[Frigate captain|Frigate Captain]]) P. Orsini, was based at [[Taranto]], although although either ''Impetuoso'' or ''Indomito'' or both<!--Of the five articles on Indomito-class destroyers on Italian Wikipedia, two say that Indomito was at La Spezia, but the other three say Impetuoso was.--> were visiting [[La Spezia]] that day.<ref name=forummeer/>

On 9&nbsp;June&nbsp;1915, ''Irrequieto'', ''Impetuoso'', ''Indomito'', ''Insidioso'', ''Intrepido'', the [[protected cruiser]] {{ship|Italian cruiser|Quarto||2}}, and the destroyers {{ship|Italian destroyer|Animoso|1913|2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Ardente||2}}, {{ship|Italian destroyer|Ardito|1912|2}}, and {{ship|Italian destroyer|Audace|1913|2}} escorted the [[armored cruiser]]s  {{ship|Italian cruiser|Giuseppe Garibaldi|1899|2}} and {{ship|Italian cruiser|Vettor Pisani||2}} as they participated in a bombardment of the [[lighthouse]]s at the [[Cape of Rodon]] and [[Shëngjin]] (known to the Italians as San Giovanni di Medua) on the coast of the [[Principality of Albania]].{{sfn|Ruberti|p=}}

In the early hours of 17&nbsp;July&nbsp;1915 ''Intrepido'', ''Animoso'', ''Irrequieto'', and ''Quarto'' bombarded the [[radiotelegraph]] station and other Austro-Hungarian military installations on [[Šipan]] (known to the Italians as Giuppana), an island off the coast of Dalmatia.{{sfn|Favre|pp=119, 140, 146–147, 195.}} The bombardment, as well as another one carried out by the 5th&nbsp;Naval&nbsp;[[Division (naval)|Division]], was interrupted when ''Vettor Pisani'' of the 5th&nbsp;Naval&nbsp;Division sighted an Austro-Hungarian [[submarine]] at 04:25.{{sfn|Favre|pp=119, 140, 146–147, 195.}} After the Italian ships began their return voyage to Italy, the Austro-Hungarian submarine ''[[SM U-4 (Austria-Hungary)|U-4]]'' attacked at 04:40 and [[torpedo]]ed ''Giuseppe Garibaldi'',{{sfn|Favre|pp=119, 140, 146–147, 195.}} which sank within minutes. Rescue efforts saved 525 men out of the 578 on board ''Giuseppe Garibaldi''.{{sfn|Ruberti|p=}}{{sfn|Favre|pp=119, 140, 146–147, 195.}}

On 3&nbsp;December&nbsp;1915 ''Irrequieto'', ''Impetuoso '', ''Indomito'', ''Insidioso'', and ''Intrepido'' got underway from Brindisi to escort one of the first supply [[convoy]]s for Italian troops in [[Albania]]. As the convoy — composed of the troop transports {{SS|Re Umberto|1892|2}} and {{SS|Valparaiso||2}}, carrying a total of 1,800 men and 150 [[Working animal|draft animal]]s — approached [[Shëngjin]] (known to the Italians as San Giovanni di Medua) on the coast of Albania, ''Re Umberto'', with 765 men on board, hit a [[Naval mine|mine]] laid by the [[Imperial German Navy]] [[submarine]] ''[[SM UC-14|UC-14]]'', broke in two, and sank in 15 minutes. Rescuers saved 712 men.{{sfn|Ruberti|p=}}{{sfn|Favre|pp=119, 140, 146–147, 195.}}<ref name="IANTD-2">[http://www.iantdexpeditions.com/spedizioni/in2007/stor22.htm Gallery INTREPIDO 2007<!-- Title generated automatically -->].</ref>

====1916–1918====

On 24&nbsp;February&nbsp;1916, ''Irrequieto'', ''Impetuoso'', ''Indomito'', ''Ardito'', the protected cruisers {{ship|Italian cruiser|Libia||2}} and {{ship|Italian cruiser|Puglia||2}}, the [[auxiliary cruiser]]s {{ship|Italian cruiser|Città di Catania||2}} and {{ship|Italian cruiser|Città di Siracusa||2}}, and the destroyer {{ship|Italian destroyer|Bersagliere|1906|2}} and began to bombard advancing Austro-Hungarian troops in Albania who were about to occupy Durrës (known to the Italians as Durazzo). In the following days they also bombarded Austro-Hungarian [[artillery]] positions on the mountain [[Sasso Bianco]] in the [[Dolomites]] near Durrës.{{sfn|Favre|pp=119, 140, 146–147, 195.}}

On 25&nbsp;June&nbsp;1916 ''Irrequieto'', ''Impavido'', ''Insidioso'', ''Audace'', and the protected cruiser {{ship|Italian cruiser|Marsala||2}} operated in distant support of an attack by the [[motor torpedo boat]]s ''[[MAS (motorboat)|MAS]] 5'' and ''MAS 7'' against Durrës. The attack resulted in serious damage to the 1,111-[[gross register ton]] [[steamship]] {{SS|Sarajevo||2}}.{{sfn|Favre|pp=119, 140, 146–147, 195.}}

On 9&nbsp;July&nbsp;1916 ''Irrequieto'' (now under the command of an [[Commissioned officer|officer]] named Ponza di San Martino) and ''Impetuoso'' set out in pursuit of the Austro-Hungarian [[scout cruiser]] {{SMS|Novara|1913|2}}, which had attacked the [[Otranto Barrage]] in the [[Strait of Otranto]] and sunk the [[naval drifter]]s — armed [[fishing boat]]s that patrolled [[Antisubmarine warfare|anti-submarine]] barriers — ''Astrum'', ''Claivis'', and ''Spei'', but ''Novara'' reached the Austro-Hungarian naval base at [[Kotor|Cattaro]] before they could intercept her.{{sfn|Favre|pp=119, 140, 146–147, 195.}}

On 11&nbsp;June&nbsp;1917 ''Irrequieto'', ''Insidioso'', and the [[torpedo boat]]s {{ship|Italian torpedo boat|Airone|1907|2}} and {{ship|Italian torpedo boat|Ardea||2}} provided distant support to 10 Italian [[seaplane]]s sent to bomb Durrës.{{sfn|Favre|pp=119, 140, 146–147, 195.}}

By late October&nbsp;1918, Austria-Hungary had effectively disintegrated, and the [[Armistice of Villa Giusti]], signed on 3&nbsp;November&nbsp;1918, went into effect on 4&nbsp;November&nbsp;1918 and brought hostilities between Austria-Hungary and the Allies to an end. World War I ended a week later with the [[Armistice of 11 November 1918|armistice]] between the Allies and the [[German Empire]] on 11&nbsp;November&nbsp;1918.

===Post-World War I===

After the end of World War I, ''Irrequieto''′s armament was revised, giving her five {{cvt|102|mm|0}}/35-[[caliber]] guns, a single {{cvt|40|mm}}/35-caliber gun, and four {{convert|450|mm|1|adj=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s.<ref name="Marina Militare">[http://www.marina.difesa.it/storiacultura/storia/almanacco/Pagine/EFGHI/irrequieto.aspx Marina Militare<!-- Tite generated automatically -->] (in Italian).</ref> She was reclassified as a torpedo boat in 1929.<ref name="Marina Militare"/> She was stricken from the [[naval register]] on 11&nbsp;October&nbsp;1937 and subsequently discarded and scrapped.<ref name="Marina Militare"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.dreadnoughtproject.org/tfs/index.php/Indomito_Class_Destroyer_(1912) |title=Indomito Class Destroyer (1912) |author=<!--Not stated--> |date=<!--Not stated--> |website=dreadnoughtproject.org/ |publisher=The Dreadnought Project |access-date=17 April 2024}}</ref>

==References==
{{commons category|Irrequieto (ship, 1912)|Italian destroyer Irrequieto}}
===Citations===
{{reflist}}
=== Bibliography ===
* {{cite book
  |first=Franco
  |last=Favre
  |title=La Marina nella Grande Guerra. Le operazioni navali, aeree, subacquee e terrestri in Adriatico
  |trans-title=
  |language=it
  |ref={{sfnref|Favre}}
  }}
* {{cite book|last=Fraccaroli|first=Aldo|chapter=Italy|pages=252–290|editor1-last=Gray|editor1-first=Randal|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921|year=1985|location=Annapolis |publisher=Naval Institute Press|isbn=978-0-87021-907-8}}
* {{cite magazine
  |last=Ruberti
  |first=Testo
  |title=Intrepido Fino In Fondo
  |trans-title=
  |magazine=Storie di Guerra e de Relitti
  |language=Italian
  |url=http://www.iantdexpeditions.com/spedizioni/in2007/intrepido.pdf
  |ref={{sfnref|Ruberti}}
  }}

{{Indomito class destroyer}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Irrequieto}}
{{DISPLAYTITLE:Italian destroyer ''Irrequieto''}}
[[Category:Indomito-class destroyers| ]]
[[Category:1912 ships]]
[[Category:Ships built in Naples]]
[[Category:World War I destroyers of Italy]]