View source for June 1919

{{short description|Month in 1919}}
{{Events by month|1919}}
{{calendar|year=1919|month=June}}

The following events occurred in '''June 1919''':
[[File:SMS Bayern sinking.jpg|thumb|left|200px|German battleship [[SMS Bayern|SMS ''Bayern'']] sinks in [[Scapa Flow]] after it was [[Scuttling of the German fleet at Scapa Flow|scuttled]] along with other ships of the interned [[Imperial German Navy]] on June 21, 1919.]]
[[File:William Orpen - The Signing of Peace in the Hall of Mirrors.jpg|thumb|300x300px|right|Painting by [[William Orpen]], ''[[The Signing of Peace in the Hall of Mirrors]]'', depicting the signing of the [[Treaty of Versailles]] to formally end [[World War I]] on June 28, 1919.]]

==Sunday, June 1, 1919==
[[File:HMAS Australia 1914.jpg|thumb|right|Sailors muntiny on [[HMAS Australia (1911)|HMS ''Australia'']] in the port of [[Fremantle]], [[Australia]].]]
* The [[Republics of the Soviet Union|soviet republics]] in [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Russia]], [[Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic|Ukraine]], [[Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia|Lithuania-Belorussia]], [[Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic|Latvia]], and the [[Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic|Crimea]] formed a military union.<ref>Alan W. Fisher. ''The Crimean Tatars''. Hoover Press, 1978. p. 128, {{ISBN|978-0-8179-6662-1}}</ref>
* [[Third Anglo-Afghan War]] &ndash; The [[London Regiment (1908–1938)|London Regiment]], along with British Indian and Sikh units under the command of [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|Colonel]] [[Reginald Dyer]] punched through a line of tribal resistance fighters with artillery on their way to relieve besieged forces at [[Thal, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Thall]], [[British Raj|British India]] (now [[Pakistan]]), but suffered 94 casualties.<ref>{{Cite book|last=Molesworth|first=George|title=Afghanistan 1919—An Account of Operations in the Third Afghan War |year=1962 |publisher=Asia Publishing House |location=New York |oclc=7233999 |page=121}}</ref>
* A mutiny broke out on the [[Royal Australian Navy]] [[battlecruiser]] {{HMAS|Australia|1911|6}} shortly after it arrived in [[Fremantle]], [[Australia]], effectively delaying its scheduled departure to [[Melbourne]] by one hour.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Frame |first=Tom |author2=Baker, Kevin |title=Mutiny! Naval Insurrections in Australia and New Zealand |publisher=Allen & Unwin |location=St. Leonards, NSW |year=2000 |isbn=1-86508-351-8 |oclc=46882022|page=102}}</ref>
* The [[Hakone Tozan Railway]] opened the [[Hakone Tozan Line]] in [[Kanagawa Prefecture]], [[Japan]], with stations [[Hakone-Yumoto Station|Hakone-Yumoto]], [[Ōhiradai Station|Ōhiradai]], [[Miyanoshita Station|Miyanoshita]], [[Kowakidani Station|Kowakidani]], [[Chōkoku-no-Mori Station|Ni-no-Taira]], and [[Gōra Station|Gōra]] serving the line. As well, the [[Seibu Tamagawa Line]] was extended with stations [[Kyōteijō-mae Station|Jōkyū]] serving the line.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seibu-group.co.jp/railways/company/youran/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2013/09/30/youran2013_p71_73.pdf|script-title=ja:駅一覧|trans-title=List of stations|access-date=29 August 2014|language=ja}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.seibu-group.co.jp/railways/company/youran/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2013/09/30/youran2013_p65_70.pdf|script-title=ja:年譜|trans-title=Chronological Record|language=ja|location=Japan|publisher=Seibu Railway|access-date=29 August 2014|archive-date=3 September 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140903123707/http://www.seibu-group.co.jp/railways/company/youran/__icsFiles/afieldfile/2013/09/30/youran2013_p65_70.pdf}}</ref>
* Several rail stations were reopened in [[Scotland]] after being closed down during [[World War I]], including stations in [[Crosshill railway station|Crosshill]], [[Crookston railway station|Crookston]], and [[Glasgow Green railway station|Glasgow]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Butt |first=R.V.J. |title=The Directory of Railway Stations |year=1995 |publisher=Patrick Stephens Ltd |location=Yeovil |isbn=1-85260-508-1 |id=R508 |page=72}}</ref>
* American chemist [[Irving Langmuir]] introduced the term ''covalence'' in relation to [[valence bond theory|chemical bonding models]] in the ''[[Journal of the American Chemical Society]]''.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1021/ja02227a002|volume=41|issue=6|pages=868–934|last=Langmuir|first=Irving|title=The Arrangement of Electrons in Atoms and Molecules|journal=[[Journal of the American Chemical Society]]|year=1919|url=https://zenodo.org/record/1429026}}</ref>
* The [[Algonquin Round Table]], a group of writers, critics and actors that included [[Alexander Woollcott]] and [[Dorothy Parker]], began meeting for daily lunches at the [[Algonquin Hotel]] in [[New York City]]. The group gather would meet regularly for another 10 years before it dissolved.<ref>{{cite book| last =Herrmann| first =Dorothy| title =With Malice Toward All: The Quips, Lives and Loves of Some Celebrated 20th-Century American Wits| publisher =G. P. Putnam's Sons| year =1982| location = New York| pages = 17–18| isbn = 0-399-12710-0}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Gisbert Hasenjaeger]], German mathematician, known for his research into [[first-order logic]], member of the [[Cipher Department of the High Command of the Wehrmacht]] during [[World War II]] and the [[Enigma machine|Enigma program]], in [[Hildesheim]], [[Germany]] (d. [[2006]])
* '''Died:''' [[Caroline Still Anderson]], American physician, first African-American woman to practice medicine (b. [[1848]])

==Monday, June 2, 1919==
* [[Third Anglo-Afghan War]] &ndash; British forces attacked Afghan regulars west of [[Thal, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa|Thall]], [[British Raj|British India]], despite a notice from [[Afghanistan]] for a ceasefire. A message delay from headquarters forced commander [[Colonel (United Kingdom)|Colonel]] [[Reginald Dyer]] to reply: "My guns will give an immediate reply, but your letter will be forwarded to the Divisional Commander." The attack forced the Afghan to retreat with the British in pursuit, despite resistance from 400 Afghan tribesmen.<ref>{{Cite book| last=Wilkinson-Latham| first=Robert| title=North-West Frontier 1837–1947| orig-date=1977| year=1998| series=Men-at-Arms Series # 72| publisher=Osprey Publishing| location=London| isbn=0-85045-275-9 |page=23}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Molesworth|1962|p=120}}</ref>
* [[Anarchism in Italy|Italian anarchists]] led by [[Luigi Galleani]] sent [[1919 United States anarchist bombings|eight mail bombs]] to prominent American public figures including [[United States Attorney General]] [[A. Mitchell Palmer]] and [[Mayor of Cleveland|Cleveland Mayor]] [[Harry L. Davis]]. None of the bombs killed their intended targets, but a night watchman for [[New York City]] was killed handling one of the packages.<ref>{{Citation | title = Red Scare: A Study in National Hysteria, 1919–1920 | last = Murray | first = Robert K. | year = 1955 | publisher = University of Minnesota Press | location = Minneapolis | isbn = 0-8166-5833-1}}, 78</ref> This motivated Palmer to request extra funding from the [[United States House Committee on Appropriations]] to investigate and arrest the groups behind the bomb attacks.<ref>Coben, Stanley, ''A. Mitchell Palmer: Politician'' (New York: Columbia University Press, 1963), p. 211</ref>
* [[Prime Minister of the United Kingdom|British Prime Minister]] [[David Lloyd George]] and the [[Colonial Office]] approved a [[Royal Air Force]] proposal to send a self-contained air unit to [[British Somaliland]] to regain control over the colony from the [[Dervish movement (Somali)|Dervish State]] of [[Las Anod#Diiriye Guure|Diiriye Guure]].<ref name="scr">{{cite book |last1=Omar |first1=Mohamed |title=The Scramble in the Horn of Africa |date=2001 |page=402 |quote=This letter is sent by all the Dervishes, the Amir, and all the Dolbahanta to the Ruler of Berbera ... We are a Government, we have a Sultan, an Amir, and Chiefs, and subjects ... (reply) In his last letter the Mullah pretends to speak in the name of the Dervishes, their Amir (himself), and the Dolbahanta tribes. This letter shows his object is to establish himself as the Ruler of the Dolbahanta}}</ref> It would be the first time the concept of "aerial policing" was used to suppress colonial rebellions.<ref>O'Connor, Derek, "The Hunt For the Mad Mullah," ''Aviation History'', July 2012, pp. 44-45</ref>
* The [[99th Aero Squadron]] of the [[United States Army Air Service]] was disbanded at [[Mitchel Air Force Base|Mitchell Field]], [[New York (state)|New York]].<ref>Series "E", Volume 15, History of the 97th-102d Aero Squadrons. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.</ref>
* Several rail stations were reopened in [[Scotland]] after being closed down during [[World War I]], including stations in [[Burnbank railway station|Burnbank]],<ref>{{cite book |last=Butt |first=R.V.J. |year=1995 |title=The Directory of Railway Stations |publisher=Patrick Stephens Ltd |location=Sparkford |isbn=1-85260-508-1 |pages=48, 130}}</ref> [[Esk Bridge railway station|Esk Bridge]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.disused-stations.org.uk/e/eskbridge/|title=Disused Stations: Esk Bridge|work=Disused Stations|access-date=8 June 2017}}</ref> [[Kelvinside railway station|Kelvinside]],<ref>Butt 1995, p. 130</ref> [[Mount Vernon North railway station|Mount Vernon]],<ref>Butt 1995, p. 165</ref> and [[Rosslynlee railway station|Roslin]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.disused-stations.org.uk/r/rosslynlee/index.shtml|title=Disused Stations: Rosslynlee|work=Disused Stations|access-date=25 May 2017}}</ref>
* Sports club [[SC Germania Hamburg|Germania Hamburg]] merged with another rival sports club in [[Hamburg]] to become [[Hamburger SV]]. The club is most famous for its competitive football program, which included national titles in the [[German football league system]].<ref>{{cite news| title=#16 Hamburg SV| url=https://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/34/biz_07soccer_Hamburg-SV_340029.html| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070515175509/http://www.forbes.com/lists/2007/34/biz_07soccer_Hamburg-SV_340029.html| archive-date=May 15, 2007| work=Forbes Magazine| date=29 March 2007| access-date=8 December 2010}}</ref>
* Sports club [[IFK Växjö|Växjö]] was established in [[Växjö]], [[Sweden]], becoming well known for its women's and disabled sports programs.<ref>{{cite web |title=IFK Växjö 100 år! |url=http://www.ifkvaxjo.se/ |website=IFK Växjö |access-date=23 December 2018}}</ref>
* The borough of [[Southmont, Pennsylvania]], was incorporated.<ref>{{cite web |title=Our History |url=https://www.southmontborough.com/history |website=Borough of Southmont |access-date=9 January 2019}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Agustín Ramos Calero]], Puerto Rican soldier, most decorated Hispanic soldier for the [[United States Army]] during [[World War II]], recipient of the [[Silver Star]] and ''[[Croix de Guerre 1939–1945|Croix de Guerre]]'', in [[Isabela, Puerto Rico]] (d. [[1989]]); [[Garlin Murl Conner]], American army officer, member of the [[7th Infantry Regiment (United States)|7th Infantry Regiment]] during [[World War II]], recipient of the [[Medal of Honor]], [[Distinguished Service Cross (United States)|Distinguished Service Cross]], four [[Silver Star]]s, and the ''[[Croix de Guerre 1939–1945|Croix de guerre]]'', in [[Aaron, Kentucky]] (d. [[1998]])

==Tuesday, June 3, 1919==
* [[Third Anglo-Afghan War]] &ndash; Facing a general retreat and losing units to capture, [[Afghanistan]] pursued an armistice with the [[United Kingdom]]. Some fighting with local militia continued for another two months before a [[Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919|peace treaty]] was signed on August 8.<ref>{{harvnb|Molesworth|1962|pp=137–139}}</ref><ref>{{harnvb|Wilkinson-Latham|1998|p=25}}</ref> The Afghans lost 1,000 men while the British recorded 236 killed in action, 615 wounded, 566 deaths from cholera, and 334 deaths from other diseases or accidents.<ref>{{harvnb|Molesworth|1962|p=vii}}</ref>
* The [[Philippines]] held [[1919 Philippine legislative election|elections]] for the [[1919 Philippine Senate elections|Senate]] and the [[1919 Philippine House of Representatives elections|House of Representatives]], with the ruling [[Nacionalista Party]] increasing their number of House seats.<ref>{{cite book |author=[[Dieter Nohlen]] |author2=Florian Grotz |author3=Christof Hartmann |author4=Graham Hassall |author5=Soliman M. Santos |title=Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook: Volume II: South East Asia, East Asia, and the South Pacific |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YK8SDAAAQBAJ|isbn=978-0-19-924959-6 |date=2001-11-15 |publisher=OUP Oxford }}</ref>
* The sports club [[Central Córdoba de Santiago del Estero|Central Córdoba]] was established in [[Santiago del Estero]], [[Argentina]]. It is most known for its football team in the [[Primera Nacional]].<ref>{{cite web | title=The History - Club Atletico Central Córdoba | url=http://www.centralcordobasgo.com.ar:80/club.php | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100606035410/http://www.centralcordobasgo.com.ar/club.php | access-date=31 August 2018 | archive-date=2010-06-06 | url-status=live }}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Elizabeth Duncan Koontz]], American educator and activist, first African-American woman to be president of the [[National Education Association]] and 6th director of the [[United States Women's Bureau]], in [[Salisbury, North Carolina]] (d. [[1989]])

==Wednesday, June 4, 1919==
[[File:19th Amendment Pg1of1 AC.jpg|upright=0.8|thumb|The Nineteenth Amendment in the [[National Archives and Records Administration|National Archives]]]]
* The [[United States Congress]] approved the [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution]], which would guarantee [[suffrage]] to women, and sent it to the U.S. states for ratification.<ref>[[Christine Stansell]]. ''The Feminist Promise''. New York: The Modern Library, 2011, pp. 171–174</ref>
* The [[27th Battalion (Australia)|27th Australian Battalion]] was disbanded.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.awm.gov.au/units/unit_11214.asp|title=27th Battalion |work=First World War, 1914–1918 units |publisher=Australian War Memorial|access-date=17 March 2010}}</ref>
* The [[2nd Ukrainian Soviet Army]] was disbanded and absorbed into the [[14th Army (RSFSR)|14th Red Army]].<ref>{{cite web |title=УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ ФРОНТ | url=http://leksika.com.ua/10290106/ure/ukrayinskiy_front |website=Leksika |publisher=Лексика - українські енциклопедії та словники |access-date=21 January 2019}}</ref>
* The [[One Big Union (Canada)|One Big Union]] was established in [[Calgary]] in an attempt to organize [[Syndicalism|syndicalist]] trade unions in [[Western Canada]]. It merged with the [[Canadian Labour Congress]] in 1956.<ref>{{Citation | first =David Jay | last =Bercuson | editor-last =van der Linden | editor-first =Marcel | editor2-last =Thorpe | editor2-first =Wayne | contribution =Syndicalism Sidetracked: Canada's One Big Union | title =Revolutionary Syndicalism: an International Perspective | year =1990 | pages = 221–236 | place =Aldershot | publisher = Scolar Press | isbn =0-85967-815-6}}</ref>
* A group of five British engineering firms formed the corporate conglomerate [[Agricultural & General Engineers]] in [[London]], however, allegations of fraud forced the company to be liquidated in 1932.<ref>Agricultural & General Engineers, Limited. ''The Times'', Wednesday, Jun 29, 1932; pg. 4; Issue 46172</ref>
* [[Citroën]], a member of [[PSA Group]] was founded in [[France]].<ref>{{cite book |section=Automobilia |title=Toutes les Voitures Françaises 1920 (Salon [Oct] 1919)|volume=31| page =65|year = 2004|publisher=Histoire & collections|location=Paris }}</ref> 
* '''Born:''' [[Dorothy Howell Rodham]], American matriarch, mother of [[Hillary Clinton]], in [[Chicago]] (d. [[2011]])
* '''Died:''' [[Tokudaiji Sanetsune]], Japanese politician, second [[Lord Keeper of the Privy Seal of Japan]] (b. [[1840]]); [[William T. Haines]], American politician, 49th [[Governor of Maine]] (b. [[1854]])

==Thursday, June 5, 1919==
* [[Estonian War of Independence]] and [[Latvian War of Independence]] &ndash; A southern front in the war opened up when the pro-German ''[[Baltische Landeswehr]]'' force, supported by German reserve units, advanced against Estonian and Latvian forces in northern [[Latvia]].<ref>{{cite book|chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2YqjfHLyyj8C&q=%22VI.+Reserve-Corps%22&pg=PA493|title=The Encyclopedia of World War I: A political, social, and military history|editor=Spencer C. Tucker|chapter=Goltz, Rüdiger von der, Count (1865-1946)|pages=492–493|publisher=ABC-CLIO|location=[[Santa Barbara, California|Santa Barbara]], California|year=2005|isbn=978-1-85109-420-2}}</ref>
* [[Khosrov bey Sultanov]], governor of the districts of [[Karabakh]] and [[Syunik Province|Zangezur]] in the disputed territory of [[Nagorno-Karabakh]], Azerbaijan, ordered troops to subdue rebelling ethnic Armenians in the villages of [[Ghaibalishen, Nagorno-Karabakh|Khaibalikend]], [[Jamilli|Jamillu]], [[Karkijahan, Nagorno-Karabakh|Karkujahan]] and [[Bahlul, Azerbaijan|Pahliul]]. Over the next two days, soldiers [[Khaibalikend massacre|massacred]] 600 to 700 Armenians, including women and children.<ref>[[Richard G. Hovannisian|Hovannisian, Richard]]. ''The Republic of Armenia: Vol. I, The First Year, 1918–1919''. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971, pp. 176–77, notes 51, 52.</ref>
* An [[Baltimore Mine Tunnel disaster|explosion]] at the [[Delaware and Hudson Railway|Delaware and Hudson Coal Company]] mine in [[Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania]], killed 92 miners and injured another 44 men, making it one of the deadliest industrial accidents in Pennsylvania's history.<ref>{{Cite book| title=The Breaker Whistle Blows: Mining Disasters and Labor Leaders in the Anthracite Region| last=Roberts| first=Ellis W.| publisher=Anthracite| year=1984| location=Scranton| isbn=978-0-917445-03-3}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news| title=FLAME IN TUNNEL KILLS 84, BURNS 42: Spreads Like Blanket Over Miners| url=https://www.nytimes.com/1919/06/06/archives/flame-in-tunnel-kills-84-burns-42-spreads-like-blanket-over-miners.html| date=June 6, 1919| work=New York Times| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180124153445/https://www.nytimes.com/1919/06/06/archives/flame-in-tunnel-kills-84-burns-42-spreads-like-blanket-over-miners.html| archive-date=January 24, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url=http://citizensvoice.com/news/w-b-mine-disaster-site-earns-historical-marker-1.1466979| title=Wilkes-Barre Mine Disaster earns Historical Marker| date=2 April 2013| url-status=live| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171216160047/http://citizensvoice.com/news/w-b-mine-disaster-site-earns-historical-marker-1.1466979| archive-date=2017-12-16}}</ref>
* Russian choreographer [[Léonide Massine]] premiered his ballet ''[[La Boutique fantasque|The Fantastic Toyshop]]'' at the [[Alhambra Theatre of Variety|Alhambra Theatre]] in [[London]] with [[Ballets Russes]] performing.<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Richard Taruskin]]|title=Oxford History of Western Music: 5-vol. set: 5-vol. set| url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NmVgkIcGuEoC&pg=PT1978|access-date=19 July 2013| date=18 July 2009| publisher=Oxford University Press| isbn=978-0-19-981369-8| page=1978}}</ref>
* Football club [[Atlético Grau]] was established in [[Piura]], [[Peru]], as one of the provincial league teams in the region.<ref>{{cite web|title=Esta es la historia del Atlético Grau de Piura que hoy cumple 98 años de fundación - El Tiempo|url=http://eltiempo.pe/esta-la-historia-del-atletico-grau-piura-hoy-cumple-98-anos-fundacion/|website=El Tiempo|access-date=18 December 2017|language=es-ES|date=5 June 2017}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[James C. Fletcher]], American space engineer, 4th and 7th [[Administrator of NASA]], in [[Millburn, New Jersey]] (d. [[1991]]); [[Richard Scarry]], American writer and illustrator, best known for his ''[[Busytown]]'' and ''[[Tinker and Tanker]]'' book series for children including ''[[Best Word Book Ever]]'', in [[Boston]] (d. [[1994]])
* '''Died:''' [[Manuel Franco]], Paraguayan state leader, 26th [[President of Paraguay]] (b. [[1871]])

==Friday, June 6, 1919==
* [[Estonian War of Independence]] and [[Latvian War of Independence]] &ndash; Estonian forces crossed the [[Daugava|Daugava River]] and occupied the Latvian town of [[Jēkabpils]] while the ''[[Baltische Landeswehr]]'' took control of [[Cēsis]], setting both forces up for a major confrontation in northern [[Latvia]].<ref>Mangulis, Visvaldis: [http://www.historia.lv/publikacijas/gramat/mangulis/06.nod.htm#re048 ''Latvia in the Wars of the 20th Century''] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120411074429/http://www.historia.lv/publikacijas/gramat/mangulis/06.nod.htm |date=2012-04-11 }}, p. 50. Cognition Books, 1983, {{ISBN|9780912881003}}</ref>
* The Hungarian National Army was established as the land force for [[Hungarian Soviet Republic]] but was renamed the [[Royal Hungarian Army]] in 1920 after the soviet government was overthrown and the resulting [[Hungarian Republic (1919–1920)|democratic republic]] established the [[Kingdom of Hungary]].<ref>{{cite book| last1=Bonhardt| first1=Attila| last2=Sárhidai| first2=Gyula| last3=Winkler| first3=László| title=A Magyar Királyi Honvédség fegyverzete| date=1992| publisher=Zrínyi Kiadó| location=Budapest| isbn=963-327-225-4| pages=10–11}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal| title=239/eln. 15. 1922. számú körrendelet. "M. hir. honvédség" elnevezés használatbavétele| journal=Rendeleti Közlöny a Magyar Királyi Honvédség Számára: Szabályrendeletek| date=22 January 1922| volume=49| issue=2| page=13}}</ref>
* The ''[[Fascist Manifesto]]'' by [[Benito Mussolini]] was published in the newspaper ''[[Il Popolo d'Italia|The People of Italy]]''.<ref>{{cite web| title=Il manifesto dei fasci di combattimento| url=http://web.tiscalinet.it/regno76/testi/manifesti/Il%20manifesto%20dei%20fasci%20di%20combattimento.htm| access-date=2 February 2014}}</ref>
* The [[Government of Canada]] established the [[Air Board (Canada)|Air Board]] as its [[civil aviation authority]], the first country to legislate and implement rules governing the entire domain of aviation within its borders.<ref>Roberts, Leslie. ''There Shall Be Wings''. Toronto: Clark, Irwin and Co. Ltd., 1959. No ISBN. p. 32</ref>
* The football club [[Blumenthaler SV]] was established in [[Bremen]], [[Germany]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Union |url=https://blumenthalersv.de/der-verein/ |website=Blumenthaler SV |language=de|access-date=2 January 2019}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Peter Carington, 6th Baron Carrington|Peter Carington]], British politician, cabinet minister for the [[Edward Heath]] administration, [[Secretary General of NATO]] from 1984 to 1988, in [[Chelsea, London]], [[England]] (d. [[2018]])
* '''Died:''' [[Inoue Enryō]], Japanese academic, founder of [[Toyo University]], creator of [[Tetsugaku-dō Park]] (b. [[1858]]); [[Nicole Girard-Mangin]], French physician, first female medical officer to serve in the [[French Army]] (b. [[1878]])

==Saturday, June 7, 1919==
* [[Eastern Front counteroffensive|Russian Civil War]] &ndash; The [[5th Army (RSFSR)|Fifth Red Army]] captured [[Birsk]], [[Russia]] from the [[White movement|White Russians]].<ref>Н.Е.Какурин, И.И.Вацетис "Гражданская война. 1918–1921" (N.E.Kakurin, [[Jukums Vācietis|I.I.Vacietis]] "Civil War. 1918–1921") – Sankt-Peterburg, "Polygon" Publishing House, 2002. {{ISBN|5-89173-150-9}}</ref>
* British troops fired on a mob protesting against the [[Crown Colony of Malta|colonial government]] in [[Malta]], killing four people. This resulted in support for political parties closely associated with [[Italy]] and increased independence from the [[United Kingdom]]. The date since then has been commemorated as the national holiday of ''[[Sette Giugno]]'' in [[Malta]].<ref>{{citation| last = Ganado, H. |title = Rajt Malta Tinbidel, Volum I.|year=1977|pages=218–227}}</ref>
* The [[Desert Mounted Corps]] of the [[British Army]] was officially disbanded in [[Cairo]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Preston |first=Richard Martin |title=The Desert Mounted Corps: An Account of the Cavalry Operations in Palestine and Syria, 1917–1918 |url=https://archive.org/details/desertmountedco00presgoog |publisher=Constable |location=London |year=1921 |isbn=978-1-146-75883-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/desertmountedco00presgoog/page/n372 302]}}</ref>
* The [[Latvian Air Force]] was founded to combat German and [[White movement|White Russian]] forces threatening the country.<ref>''Latvian Air Force 1918–1940'', "Insignia Air Force Special", London:Blue Rider Publishing, 2000, {{ISBN|1-902851-04-8}}</ref>
* French aviator [[Raymonde de Laroche]] set a women's altitude record of nearly {{convert|13,000|ft|m}} while flying a [[Caudron G.3|Caudron airplane]].<ref>Pawlak, Debra Ann, "The Baroness of Flight," ''Aviation History'', July 2008, p. 17</ref>
* Commercial luxury transporter [[Daimler Hire|Daimler]] created a commercial airline arm that became [[Daimler Airway]], a short-lived luxury commercial airline in [[England]].<ref>Lord Montagu and David Burgess-Wise ''Daimler Century'' ; Stephens 1995 {{ISBN|1-85260-494-8}}</ref>
* The thirteenth book in the [[List of Oz books|Oz]] series, ''[[The Magic of Oz]]'', was published a month after the death of author [[L. Frank Baum]]. Sales for it and the previous book ''[[The Tin Woodman of Oz]]'' were strong, likely due to his recent death.<ref>Katharine M. Rogers, ''L. Frank Baum: Creator of Oz,'' New York, St. Martin's Press, 2002; pp. 230-1.</ref>
* The rugby team [[Cabramatta Two Blues|Two Blues]] was established in [[Cabramatta, New South Wales]], [[Australia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=History | url=https://cabraleagues.com.au/our-club/history/ |website=Cabramatta |access-date=9 January 2019}}</ref>
* '''Died:''' [[Henning von Holtzendorff]], German naval officer, architect of unrestricted submarine warfare during [[World War I]], recipient of the [[Order of the Black Eagle]] and ''[[Pour le Mérite]]'' (b. [[1853]])

==Sunday, June 8, 1919==
* [[Royal Air Force]] [[Fairey III|Fairey]] seaplanes attacked four armed Soviet Steamboats on [[Lake Onega]], [[Russia]], during the [[Russian Civil War]]. Although the attack did little damage, the Soviet boats were surprised and forced to flee, pursued by four smaller and less-well-armed [[Royal Navy]] torpedo boats.<ref>Thetford, Owen, ''British Naval Aircraft Since 1912'', Sixth Edition, Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press, 1991, {{ISBN|1-55750-076-2}}, p. 121</ref><ref>Dobson, Christopher, and John Miller, ''The Day They Almost Bombed Moscow: The Allied War in Russia, 1918-1920'', New York: Atheneum, 1986, no ISBN, pp. 222-223</ref>
* Belgian cyclist [[Hector Tiberghien]] won the [[1919 Paris–Tours|14th edition]] of the [[Paris–Tours]] cycling race, completing the 342&nbsp;km route in 12 hours, 35 minutes.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net/cla_paris_tours/tours1919.php| title=14ème Paris-Tours 1919| work=Memoire du cyclisme| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040126135929/http://www.memoire-du-cyclisme.net/cla_paris_tours/tours1919.php| archive-date=26 January 2004}}</ref>
* Italian cyclist [[Costante Girardengo]] won the [[1919 Giro d'Italia|7th edition]] of the [[Giro d'Italia]] cycling race, completing the {{convert|2984|km|0|abbr=on}} route with a winning time of 112 hours, 51 minutes, 29 seconds.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://bikeraceinfo.com/giro/giro1919.html |title=1919 Giro d'Italia |work=Bike Race Info |author= Bill and Carol McGann |publisher=Dog Ear Publishing| access-date=2012-07-10}}</ref>
* The Pi Epsilon Delta honor society for drama students was established at the [[University of Wisconsin–Madison|University of Wisconsin]]. It became known as the [[National Collegiate Players]] when it merged with other drama honor societies in 1922.<ref>{{cite journal| journal=The Southern Speech Journal| title=National Collegiate Players| date=March 1, 1942| doi=10.1080/10417944209370826| last1=Joder| first1=A. B.| publisher=Routledge| volume=7| pages=126–127| number=4}}</ref>
* Football and sports clubs were established in the following cities: [[Rio Branco Football Club|Rio Branco]]<ref>{{cite web | title = Rio Branco Football Club | url = http://www.arquivodeclubes.com/ac/riobranco.htm | archive-url = https://archive.today/20130101220425/http://www.arquivodeclubes.com/ac/riobranco.htm  | archive-date = 2013-01-01 | access-date = 2007-06-30 | publisher = Arquivo de Clubes }}</ref> in [[Rio Branco, Acre]], [[Brazil]], and [[Essinge IK|Essinge]] in [[Stockholm]] with programs in [[association football|football]], [[bandy]], [[handball]] and [[ice hockey]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.essingefotboll.se/om.asp?id=1 |title= Essinge IK&nbsp;– Om klubben |access-date= 2010-12-09 |archive-date= 2010-08-12 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20100812141056/http://www.essingefotboll.se/om.asp?id=1  }}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Abdirashid Shermarke]], Somalian state leader, second [[President of Somalia|President]] and third [[List of prime ministers of Somalia|Prime Minister of Somalia]], in [[Harardhere]], Somalia (d. [[1969]], assassinated); [[John R. Deane Jr.]], American army officer, commander of the [[173rd Airborne Brigade]] during the [[Vietnam War]], two-time recipient of the [[Distinguished Service Cross (United States)|Distinguished Service Cross]] and three-time recipient of the [[Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)|Distinguished Service Medal]], in [[San Francisco]] (d. [[2013]])
* '''Born:''' [[Isaac Boleslavsky]], Ukrainian chess player, runner-up in the [[World Chess Championship 1951|1951 World Chess Championship]], in [[Zolotonosha]], [[Ukraine]] (d. [[1977]]); [[Guy Overton]], New Zealand cricketer, batsman for the [[New Zealand national cricket team]] from 1953 to 1954, in [[Dunedin]], [[New Zealand]] (d. [[1993]]); [[Bill Newton]], Australian air force officer, commander of the [[No. 22 Squadron RAAF|No. 22 Squadron]] during [[World War II]], recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]], in [[St Kilda, Victoria]], [[Australia]] (d. [[1943]], executed)

==Monday, June 9, 1919==
* [[Eastern Front counteroffensive|Russian Civil War]] &ndash; The [[Red Army]] captured [[Ufa]], [[Russia]], from the [[White movement|White Russians]].<ref>Vācietis 2002</ref>
* The [[Ukrainian National Council]] was dissolved after most of the sovereign territory of [[West Ukrainian People's Republic]] was overrun by forces from [[First Czechoslovak Republic]].<ref>{{in lang|uk}} [[Volodymyr Kubiyovych|Володимир Кубійович]], Західньо-Українська Народна Республіка, [[Encyclopedia of Ukraine|Енциклопедія українознавства]], [[Shevchenko Scientific Society|НТШ]], V. 2, P. 762.</ref>
* The [[Philippine Women's University]] was established in [[Manila]] to provide women access to college and university level education.<ref>{{cite web |title=About Us |url=http://www.pwu.edu.ph/about.html |website=Philippines Women's University |access-date=8 December 2018}}</ref>
* The town of [[Altheimer, Arkansas]], was incorporated, named after two prominent merchant brothers Joseph and Louis Altheimer of [[Darmstadt-Eberstadt]], [[Germany]].<ref>{{cite book|author=<!--Staff writer(s); no by-line.-->|title=Biographical and Historical Memoirs of Pulaski, Jefferson, Lonoke, Faulkner, Grant, Saline, Perry, Garland and Hot Spring Counties, Arkansas|url=https://archive.org/stream/biographicalhistpjlf00good|location=Chicago, Nashville and St. Louis|publisher=[[Goodspeed Publishing|Goodspeed Publishing Co.]]|date=1889|page=149|lccn=01001243|ol=24190554M|via=[[Internet Archive]]}}</ref>

==Tuesday, June 10, 1919==
* The states of [[Illinois]], [[Wisconsin]], and [[Michigan]] became the first three states to ratify the [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|19th Amendment]] which gave women the right to vote.<ref>{{cite book |editor1-last=Harper |editor1-first=Ida Husted |title=History of Woman Suffrage |date=1922 |volume=6: 1900-1920 |publisher=J. J. Little & Ives Company for the [[National Woman Suffrage Association]] |location=Rochester, New York |oclc=963795738 |page=[https://archive.org/details/historyofwomansu06stanuoft/page/164 164] |url=https://archive.org/details/historyofwomansu06stanuoft}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://housedems.com/article/100th-anniversary-women%E2%80%99s-suffrage-michigan|title=100th Anniversary of Women's Suffrage in Michigan|publisher=Michigan House: Democrats|date=10 April 2018|access-date=30 November 2018|archive-date=30 November 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181130202259/https://housedems.com/article/100th-anniversary-women%E2%80%99s-suffrage-michigan}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Two States Ratify Votes for Women |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26296631/two_states_ratify_votes_for_women_the/ |access-date=17 December 2018 |newspaper=[[The Ottawa Herald]] |date=10 June 1919 |location=Ottawa, Kansas |page=1 |via = [[Newspapers.com]]}} {{open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Wisconsin O.K.'s Suffrage; Illinois First |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26296679/the_capital_times/ |access-date=17 December 2018 |newspaper=[[The Capital Times]] |date=10 June 1919 |location=Madison, Wisconsin |page=1 |via = [[Newspapers.com]]}} {{open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Michigan Third to Put O.K. on Suffrage Act |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26296916/detroit_free_press/ |access-date=17 December 2018 |newspaper=[[The Detroit Free Press]] |date=10 June 1919 |location=Detroit, Michigan |page=1 |via = [[Newspapers.com]]}} {{open access}}</ref>
* [[Winnipeg general strike]] &ndash; The Canadian federal government ordered the arrest of eight [[Winnipeg general strike|Winnipeg strike]] leaders including [[J. S. Woodsworth]] and [[A. A. Heaps]].<ref>{{Cite journal | last=Francis | first=Daniel | title=The Winnipeg General Strike | journal=History Today | volume=38 | year=1984 | pages=4–8}}</ref>
* American aviator [[Ruth Law Oliver|Ruth Law]] broke the women's altitude record set days earlier by [[Raymonde de Laroche]], flying to {{convert|14,700|ft|m}}.<ref>Pawlak 2008, p. 17</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Kevin O'Flanagan]], Irish football and rugby player, [[forward (association football)|forward]] for [[Bohemian F.C.|Bohemian]] from 1936 to 1945, the [[Republic of Ireland national football team]] from 1937 to 1947, and the [[Ireland national rugby union team]] from 1942 to 1947, in [[Dublin]] (d. [[2006 in Ireland|2006]]); [[César Luis González]], Puerto Rican-American air force officer, first Puerto Rican pilot for the [[United States Army Air Forces]], recipient of the [[Air Medal]], in [[Adjuntas, Puerto Rico]] (d. [[1943]], killed in action)
* '''Died:''' [[Mieczysław Garsztka]], Polish air force officer, commander of the [[Polish 7th Air Escadrille]] (killed in a plane crash near [[Lviv|Lwów]], [[Second Polish Republic|Poland]]) (b. [[1896]])

==Wednesday, June 11, 1919==
[[File:SirBarton-Johnny Loftus-1919Preakness.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Racehorse [[Sir Barton]], with jockey [[Johnny Loftus]], first American racehorse to the [[Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States)|Triple Crown]].]]
* Hungarian forces invaded the small independent [[Hutsul Republic]] in [[Rakhiv]] (now part of western [[Ukraine]]) and dissolved the country.<ref>{{cite journal| last1=Magocsi| first1=Paul R.| title=The Ruthenian Decision to Unite with Czechoslovakia| journal=Slavic Review| date=1975| volume=34| issue=2| pages=360–381| doi=10.2307/2495193| jstor=2495193| s2cid=155615547| doi-access=free}}</ref>
* Thoroughbred racehorse [[Sir Barton]], ridden by [[Johnny Loftus]], won the [[1919 Belmont Stakes|51st running]] of the [[Belmont Stakes]] with a winning time of 2:17.4,<ref>[https://www.belmontstakes.com/uploads/historical_races/history_pdf_1919.pdf 1919 Belmont Stakes chart].</ref> becoming the first American racehorse to win the [[Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing (United States)|Triple Crown]].<ref>Shanklin, Bill. [http://www.horseracingbusiness.com/the-belmont-stakes-1919-and-2009-1632.htm "THE BELMONT STAKES, 1919 and 2009, AND THE EPSOM DERBY, 2009"]. ''Horse Racing Business''. June 6, 2009.</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Richard Todd]], Irish actor, best known for his film roles in ''[[The Hasty Heart]]'' and ''[[The Dam Busters (film)|The Dam Busters]]'', in [[Dublin]] (d. [[2009]]); [[Suleiman Mousa]], Jordanian historian, best known his biographies on [[Hussein bin Ali, King of Hejaz|Hussein bin Ali]] and [[T. E. Lawrence]], in Al Rafeed, [[Jordan]] (d. [[2008]])
* '''Died:''' [[John Coit Spooner]], American politician, U.S. Senator from [[Wisconsin]] from 1885 to 1891, and 1897 to 1907 (b. [[1843]])

==Thursday, June 12, 1919==
* [[New York City]] police raided the offices of the [[Russian Soviet Government Bureau]] on West 40th Street, which had been set up as a trade and information agency between [[Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|Soviet Russia]] and the [[United States]]. The raid was backed by the [[Lusk Committee]] of the [[New York State Legislature]] to investigate what it deemed alleged communist activities within the [[United States]].<ref>[http://www.marxisthistory.org/history/usa/parties/spusa/1919/0615-nycall-stevenson.pdf "Stevenson's 'Personally Conducted' Raid,"] ''New York Call,'' vol. 12, no. 166 (June 15, 1919), p. 8</ref><ref>Archibald E. Stevenson (ed.) ''Revolutionary Radicalism: Its History, Purpose and Tactics with an Exposition and Discussion of the Steps being Taken and Required to Curb It: Filed April 24, 1920, in the Senate of the State of New York,'' Published in 4 volumes. [https://archive.org/details/cu31924052844218 Part 1: Revolutionary and Subversive Movements Abroad and At Home, Vol. 1.] Albany, NY: Lyon, 1920. p. 641</ref>
* Not to be outdone by American rival [[Ruth Law Oliver|Ruth Law]], French aviator [[Raymonde de Laroche]] regained her top standing by breaking the women's altitude record again, flying to a height of {{convert|5,150|m|ft|abbr=on}}.<ref>Pawlak 2008, p. 17</ref>
* Pro golfer [[Walter Hagen]] defeated challenger [[Mike Brady (golfer)|Mike Brady]] by a single stroke to win his second and final [[1919 U.S. Open (golf)|U.S. Open]] at the [[Brae Burn Country Club]] in [[West Newton, Massachusetts]].<ref>{{cite news |url=http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1919/06/13/page/17/article/hagen-defeats-brady-in-playoff-for-national-title |newspaper=Chicago Daily Tribune |last=Fowler |first=A. Lynde |title=Hagen defeats Brady in playoff for national title |date=June 13, 1919 |page=17}}</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=ypdRAAAAIBAJ&pg=6780%2C2815874 |newspaper=Milwaukee Sentinel |title=Hagen national golf champ for second time |date=June 13, 1919 |page=14 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=FrwWAAAAIBAJ&pg=6301%2C5639295 |newspaper=Milwaukee Journal |last=Rice |first=Grantland |author-link=Grantland Rice |title=Hagen wins the national golf title|date=June 13, 1919 |page=8–part 2 }}</ref>
* Brazilian composer [[Heitor Villa-Lobos]] completed ''[[Symphony No. 3 (Villa-Lobos)|Symphony No. 3]]'', the first in the trilogy of symphonies covering the themes of war, victory, and peace. The second composition, ''[[Symphony No. 4 (Villa-Lobos)|Symphony No. 4]]'', was completed in September.<ref>{{wikicite|ref={{harvid|Peppercorn|1991}}|reference=Peppercorn, Lisa M. 1991. ''Villa-Lobos: The Music: An Analysis of His Style'', translated by Stefan de Haan. London: Kahn & Averill; White Plains, NY: Pro/Am Music Resources Inc. {{ISBN|1-871082-15-3}} (Kahn & Averill); {{ISBN|0-912483-36-9}}, p. 86}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Ahmed Abdallah]], Comoran state leader, first [[List of heads of state of the Comoros|President of the Comoros]], in [[Domoni]], [[Anjouan]], [[Comoros]] (d. [[1989]]); [[Uta Hagen]], German-American actress and instructor, recipient of the [[Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play]] for ''[[The Country Girl (1950 play)|The Country Girl]]'' and ''[[Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?]]'', author of ''[[Respect for Acting]]'' and ''A Challenge for the Actor'', in [[Göttingen]], [[Germany]] (d. [[2004]])

==Friday, June 13, 1919==
[[File:Cher Ami cropped.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[United States Army]] [[homing pigeon]] [[Cher Ami]]]]
* [[Cher Ami]], the [[United States Army]] [[homing pigeon]] that provided critical information that ultimately saved the embattled [[Lost Battalion (World War I)|77th Infantry Division]] from being overwhelmed during the [[Meuse–Argonne offensive]] at the close of [[World War I]], succumbed to injuries and passed away while at [[Fort Monmouth]], [[New Jersey]]. Prior to her death, she was awarded the ''[[Croix de guerre 1914–1918 (France)|Croix de Guerre]]'', with her caregiver Enoch Clifford Swain of the [[Signal Corps (United States Army)|U.S. Signal Corps]] receiving the decoration on her behalf.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://nationalpigeonday.blogspot.com/2008/03/history-of-cher-ami.html | title = History of Cher Ami | author = National Pigeon Day | date = 29 March 2008 | access-date = 2011-03-31}}</ref>
* The [[163d Aero Squadron|163rd]]<ref>Series "E", Volume 20, History of the 149th-199th Aero Squadrons. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.</ref> and [[278th Aero Squadron]]s of the [[United States Army Air Service]] were disbanded at Mitchell Field, [[New York (state)|New York]].<ref>Series "E", Volume 22, History of the 222d-376th Aero Squadrons. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.</ref>
* The [[3rd Ukrainian Soviet Army]] was disbanded and became part of the [[12th Army (RSFSR)|12th Red Army]].<ref>{{cite web |title=УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ ФРОНТ | url=http://leksika.com.ua/10290106/ure/ukrayinskiy_front |website=Leksika |publisher=Лексика - українські енциклопедії та словники |access-date=21 January 2019}}</ref>
* The town of Vero, [[Florida]], was established; it officially changed its name to [[Vero Beach, Florida|Vero Beach]] in 1925.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.verobeach100.org/history.htm|title=Vero Beach 100 History |work=Vero Beach Centennial |access-date=May 8, 2019 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.tcpalm.com/story/specialty-publications/vero-beach/2018/02/28/vero-beach-celebrate-centennial-year-long-bash/354560002/|title=Vero Beach to celebrate centennial with year-long bash |date=February 28, 2018 |work=TCPalm|access-date=May 8, 2019 |language=en}}</ref><ref name=Cooper>{{Cite news |url=http://www.verobeach100.org/index_htm_files/Where%20did%20Vero%20Beach%20get%20its%20name%20-%20MC6965.pdf|title=Where did Vero Beach get its name? |last=Cooper |first=Pamela J. |year=2019 |work=Vero Beach Centennial |access-date=May 8, 2019 }}</ref>
* The village of [[Rimbey]], [[Alberta]] was incorporated.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.municipalaffairs.alberta.ca/cfml/MunicipalProfiles/basicReport/TOWN.PDF | publisher=[[Alberta Municipal Affairs]] | title=Location and History Profile: Town of Rimbey | page=534 | date=October 7, 2016 | access-date=October 13, 2016}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Leo Brewer]], American chemist, member of the [[Manhattan Project]], in [[St. Louis]] (d. [[2005]]); [[Lê Quang Tung]], Vietnamese army officer, commander of the [[Army of the Republic of Vietnam Special Forces]], architect of the [[Xá Lợi Temple raids]] in 1963, in [[Hương Trà]], [[French Indochina]] (d. [[1963]], assassinated)

==Saturday, June 14, 1919==
* The [[National Assembly of Soviets]] was established as the legislative branch of the [[Hungarian Soviet Republic]] but would only remain active for about two months, until the soviet government was overthrown in August.<ref>Magyarország a XX. században I.: Politika és társadalom, hadtörténet, jogalkotás. Főszerk. Kollega Tarsoly István. Szekszárd: Babits. 1996. pp. 43-48</ref>
* British pilot [[John Alcock (RAF officer)|John Alcock]] and navigator [[Arthur Whitten Brown]] left [[St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador|St. John's]], [[Dominion of Newfoundland|Newfoundland]], flying a [[Vickers Vimy]] in the first [[Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown|nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean]].<ref>Mondey, David, ed., ''The Complete Illustrated History of the World's Aircraft'', Secaucus, New Jersey: Chartwell Books, Inc., 1978, {{ISBN|0-89009-771-2}}, p. 28</ref>
* [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] pilot [[Charles Hammann]] died in an aircraft crash at [[Langley Air Force Base|Langley Field]], Virginia. He would receive the [[Medal of Honor]] posthumously the following year for a heroic action during [[World War I]], retroactively becoming the first U.S. aviator ever to receive the award.<ref>Tillman, Barrett, "Above and Beyond," ''Aviation History'', January 1918, p. 30</ref>
* [[Robert Munro, 1st Baron Alness|Robert Munro]], [[Secretary of State for Scotland]], opened new hospital buildings to treat patients with [[tuberculosis]] in [[East Kilbride]], [[Scotland]], eventually becoming [[University Hospital Hairmyres]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.staff.city.ac.uk/j.hutton/PDF/hairmyres.pdf| title=Hairmyres Hospital| publisher=Online Guide to East Kilbride| date=25 May 2001| access-date=2007-09-30| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040514195825/http://www.staff.city.ac.uk/j.hutton/PDF/hairmyres.pdf| archive-date=14 May 2004| df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* Weekly newspaper ''[[The Leven Lever]]'' was first published in [[Ulverstone, Tasmania]], [[Australia]] and ran for about a year before folding in 1920.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Leven Lever|url=http://catalogue.statelibrary.tas.gov.au/item/?id=525640| publisher=LINC Tasmania| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203023211/http://catalogue.statelibrary.tas.gov.au/item/?id=525640|archive-date=2013-12-03}}</ref>
* Football club [[HNK Orijent 1919|Orijent]] was established in the disputed port city of [[Sušak, Rijeka|Fiume]], before it became part of [[Rijeka]], [[Croatia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=History of the Orient Club 1919 |url=https://nk-orijent.com/povijest/ |website=NK Orijent |access-date=17 December 2019 |language=hr}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Sam Wanamaker]], American theatrical director, credited for restoring [[Shakespeare's Globe]] in [[London]], founder of [[Sam Wanamaker Playhouse]], in [[Chicago]] (d. [[1993 in film|1993]]); [[Gene Barry]], American actor, best known for his lead roles in 1960s television series ''[[Bat Masterson (TV series)|Bat Masterson]]'' and ''[[Burke's Law (1963 TV series)|Burke's Law]]'', in [[New York City]] (d. [[2009 in the United States|2009]])
* '''Born:''' [[Jack Riley (ice hockey, born 1919)|Jack Riley]], Canadian hockey player and sports executive, first general manager of the [[Pittsburgh Penguins]], in [[Toronto]] (d. [[2016]]); [[James Allen Ward]], New Zealand air force officer, member of the [[No. 75 Squadron RAF|No. 75 Squadron]] during [[World War II]], recipient of the [[Victoria Cross]], in [[Whanganui]], [[New Zealand]] (d. [[1941]], killed in action)
* '''Died:''' [[Weedon Grossmith]], English writer, co-author with brother [[George Grossmith]] of ''[[The Diary of a Nobody]]'' (b. [[1854 in literature|1854]]); [[Ernest Lister]], American politician, 8th [[List of governors of Washington|Governor of Washington]] (b. [[1870]])

==Sunday, June 15, 1919==
* [[Russian Civil War]] &ndash; The [[Ukrainian Front (1919)|Ukrainian Front]] was abolished.<ref>{{cite web |title=УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ ФРОНТ | url=http://leksika.com.ua/10290106/ure/ukrayinskiy_front |website=Leksika |publisher=Лексика - українські енциклопедії та словники |access-date=21 January 2019}}</ref>
* The [[Maurist Party]] gained majority of the seats for the [[Congress of Deputies]] and [[Senate of Spain|Senate]] during [[1919 Spanish general election|elections]] for the 18th [[Cortes Generales]] (legislative houses) of [[Restoration (Spain)|Spain]].<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.historiaelectoral.com/e1919.html |title=Cortes election 1 June 1919 |language=es |website=historiaelectoral.com |publisher=Electoral History |access-date=24 September 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.historiaelectoral.com/e1800g.html |title=Graphs and analysis: Elections in the Revolutionary Sexennium and the Restoration 1869-1923 |language=es |website=historiaelectoral.com |publisher=Electoral History |access-date=24 September 2017}}</ref>
* Equal suffrage was applied to men and women in [[Czechoslovakia]] for municipal elections.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Rodriguez Ruiz | first1=Blanca |last2=Rubio-Marín |first2=Ruth |title=The Struggle for Female Suffrage in Europe: Voting to Become Citizens | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=3KIMwdbG0EcC&pg=PA216 |series=International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology |date=2012 |publisher=[[Brill Publishers]] |location=Leiden, The Netherlands |isbn=978-90-04-22425-4 |page=216}}</ref>
* British pilot [[John Alcock (RAF officer)|John Alcock]] and navigator [[Arthur Whitten Brown]] completed the first [[Transatlantic flight of Alcock and Brown|nonstop 16-hour flight across the Atlantic Ocean]], landing at [[Clifden]], [[County Galway]], [[Ireland]]. They won £10,000 from the ''[[Daily Mail]]'' and received [[Orders, decorations, and medals of the United Kingdom|knighthoods]] later that year.<ref>Aircraft, Secaucus 1978, p. 28</ref>
* [[Pancho Villa]] lead a force of 9,500 men to [[Battle of Ciudad Juárez (1919)|attack]] [[Ciudad Juárez]], [[Mexico]], where a force of 7,300 [[Constitutionalists in the Mexican Revolution|Carrancistas]] were garrisoned. When the bullets began to fly to the American side of the border, two units of the U.S. [[7th Cavalry Regiment]] totaling 8,600 men crossed the border to repulse Villa's forces away from American territory. Villa lost 150 men while the opposing Mexican-American side lost 69 men, plus another 27 civilians killed.<ref>{{cite book| last=Katz| first=Friedrich| title=The life and times of Pancho Villa| publisher=Stanford University Press| year=1998| isbn=0-8047-3046-6| pages=[https://archive.org/details/panchovilla00katz/page/706 706–709]| url=https://archive.org/details/panchovilla00katz/page/706}}</ref> Villa's defeat ended any other attempts to stage offensives near the Mexican-American border, making it the last major battle of the [[Mexican Border War (1910–1919)|Border War]] between Mexican revolutionary and American forces.<ref>{{cite book |title=The US Army on the Mexican Border: A Historical Perspective |last=Matthews |first=Matt M. |year=2007 |publisher=Combat Studies Institute Press |location=Fort Leavenworth Kansas |isbn=978-0-16-078903-8 |pages=73–7 |url=http://www.cgsc.edu/carl/download/csipubs/Matthews_op22.pdf |access-date=5 August 2011  |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111013032214/http://cgsc.edu/carl/download/csipubs/Matthews_op22.pdf |archive-date=13 October 2011 |df=dmy-all }}</ref>
* [[Frederick Handley Page]] established [[Handley Page Transport]] as one of the first British commercial airlines.<ref>"Handley Page Aircraft since 1907", Barnes, Christopher Henry, Putnam 1987 (2nd Ed, Rev. Derek N James) p. 23</ref>
* [[Charlie Chaplin]] released his third film through [[First National Pictures]], a comedy short titled ''[[Sunnyside (1919 film)|Sunnyside]]'' with regular co-star [[Edna Purviance]].<ref>{{cite news | url=http://movies2.nytimes.com/mem/movies/review.html?title1=&title2=Sunnyside&reviewer=&v_id=66864&pdate=19190616 | work=The New York Times | first=A. O. | last=Scott | access-date=May 24, 2010 | title=Sunnyside | date=February 7, 2005 }}{{dead link|date=November 2020|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}</ref>
* The comic strip ''[[Old Doc Yak]]'', created by [[Sidney Smith (cartoonist)|Sidney Smith]], was published for a final time, with the title character purposely selling off his trademark car to his neighbours ''[[The Gumps]]'' so he could move away "to start life all over again".<ref>{{cite web |title=Old Doc Yak | url=http://www.toonopedia.com/oldocyak.htm |website=Don Markstein's Toonopedia |access-date=13 November 2018}}</ref>
* The [[Central Sport Club]] was established in [[Caruaru]], [[Brazil]].<ref>{{cite web|title=As Origens do Clube | url=http://www.centralsc.com.br/origens.htm |access-date=2007-06-23 |publisher=Central Sport Club Official Website | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070702095718/http://www.centralsc.com.br/origens.htm |archive-date=2007-07-02  }}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Charles Kaman]], American aeronautical engineer, known for his research into developing the [[helicopter]], in [[Washington, D.C.]] (d. [[2011 in the United States|2011]]); [[Van T. Barfoot]], American army officer, commander of the [[157th Field Artillery Regiment|157th Infantry Regiment]] during [[World War II]], recipient of the [[Medal of Honor]] for action in [[France]], the [[Silver Star]] and [[Bronze Star Medal]], in [[Edinburg, Mississippi]] (d. [[2012]])
* '''Died:''' [[Prince Francis Joseph of Braganza]], Austrian noble, collaborated with [[Henrique Mitchell de Paiva Cabral Couceiro]] to overthrow the [[First Portuguese Republic]] (b. [[1879]])

==Monday, June 16, 1919==
* [[Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)|Paris Peace Conference]] &ndash; The [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] submitted to [[Germany]] an ultimatum to accept a draft of the [[Treaty of Versailles|peace treaty]] within five days or risk renewed warfare.<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.bundesarchiv.de/aktenreichskanzlei/1919-1933/0000/sch/sch1p/kap1_1/para2_5.html#Start |title=Files of the Reichskanzlei: Kabinett Scheidemann, Einleitung V (German)|publisher=Bundesarchiv|access-date=3 October 2013}}</ref>
* [[Russian Civil War]] &ndash; [[White movement|White Russian]] forces began a general retreat from the [[Eastern Front of the Russian Civil War|Eastern Front]].<ref>Vācietis 2002</ref>
* Invading Hungarian forces established the [[Slovak Soviet Republic]] in the [[Prešov]], [[Czechoslovakia]], as the region was predominantly ethic Hungarian.<ref>{{cite book| author=Jack A. Goldstone| title=The Encyclopedia of Political Revolutions| publisher=Routledge| year=2015| page=227| isbn=978-1-135-93758-4| author-link=Jack A. Goldstone}}</ref>
* The states of [[Kansas]], [[Ohio]], and [[New York (state)|New York]] ratified the [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|19th Amendment]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Suffrage is Ratified |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26304314/suffrage_is_ratified_the_independence/ |access-date=17 December 2018 |newspaper=The Independence Daily Reporter |date=16 June 1919 |location=Independence, Kansas |page=1 |via = [[Newspapers.com]]}} {{open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Assembly to O. K. Suffrage with Dispatch | url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26304891/assembly_to_o_k_suffrage_with/ |access-date=17 December 2018 |newspaper=[[The Dayton Daily News]] |date=16 June 1919 |location=Dayton, Ohio |page=9 |via = [[Newspapers.com]]}} {{open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ohio Legislature Favors Suffrage |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26304946/ohio_legislature_favors_suffrage_the/ |access-date=17 December 2018 |newspaper=The Fremont Daily Messenger |date=17 June 1919 |location=Fremont, Ohio |page=1 |via = [[Newspapers.com]]}} {{open access}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Women Suffrage Amendment Wins in Legislature (pt. 1) |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26304458/the_new_york_times/ |access-date=17 December 2018 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=17 June 1919 |location=New York, New York |page=1 |via = [[Newspapers.com]]}} {{open access}} and {{cite news |title=Women Suffrage Amendment Wins in Legislature (pt. 2) |url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26304613/the_new_york_times/ |access-date=17 December 2018 |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=17 June 1919 |location=New York, New York |page=9 |via = [[Newspapers.com]]}} {{open access}}</ref>
* The [[1919 U.S. National Championships (tennis)|39th]] stage of the [[US Open (tennis)|U.S. National Championships]] for women was held at the [[West Side Tennis Club]] in [[New York City]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Collins|first=Bud|title=The Bud Collins History of Tennis|year=2010|publisher=New Chapter Press|location=[New York]|isbn=978-0-942257-70-0|edition=2nd|pages=454–483}}</ref>
* The [[28th Aero Squadron]] of the [[United States Army Air Service]] was disbanded in [[Garden City, New York]].<ref>Series "O", Volume 22, Weekly Statistical Reports on progress of Air Service Activities,  October 1918 – May 1919. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.</ref>
* The [[St. Louis]] Municipal Opera Theatre, an outdoor amphitheater better known at [[The Muny]], opened to the public with a performance of the comic opera ''[[Robin Hood (De Koven opera)|Robin Hood]]'' by [[Reginald De Koven]].<ref>{{cite web |title=The Muny Saga |url=https://muny.org/saga/ |website=Muny.org |access-date=21 December 2019}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' 
** [[Lynn de Silva]], Sri Lankan theologian, leading proponent of dialogue between [[Buddhism and Christianity]], in [[Kurana, Sri Lanka]] (d. [[1982]]) 
** [[V. T. Sambanthan]], Malaysian politician, 5th President of the [[Malaysian Indian Congress]], in [[Sungai Siput]], [[Malaysia]] (d. [[1979]])
* '''Died:''' [[Fernando Figueroa]], Salvadoran state leader, 22nd [[President of El Salvador]] (b. [[1849]])

==Tuesday, June 17, 1919==
[[Image:epsom-station-1919.jpg|thumb|right|Police officers guard Epsom Police Station in [[England]] after the [[Epsom riot|rioting Canadian soldiers]] attacked the station.]]
* Greek soldiers massacred 200 ethnic Turkish civilians, and wounded 200 more, at the town of [[Menemen]], [[İzmir Province]], [[Turkey]]. The dead included mayor [[Kaymakam Kemal Bey]].<ref>{{cite web|title=Foreign documents US|url=http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi-bin/FRUS/FRUS-idx?type=turn&entity=FRUS.FRUS1919Parisv09.p0065&id=FRUS.FRUS1919Parisv09&isize=M|access-date=14 June 2014}}</ref>
* Some 400 soldiers with the [[Canadian Army]] [[Epsom riot|rioted]] and assaulted the police station in [[Epsom]], [[England]] in an attempt to release one of their own members who was incarcerated. Sixteen English police officers were involved in defending the station, with eleven injured and another dying from a head injury the following day. Eight Canadian soldiers were later arrested and put on trial, with four convicted of manslaughter. Their sentences were commuted by the [[Edward VIII|Prince of Wales]] and all were allowed to return to [[Canada]].<ref>[http://www.truecrimelibrary.com/crime_series_show.php?series_number=11&id=1372 ''Gone But Not Forgotten''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101202051711/http://truecrimelibrary.com/crime_series_show.php?series_number=11&id=1372 |date=2010-12-02 }}, truecrimelibrary.com; accessed 21 November 2017.</ref><ref>[http://www.epsomandewellhistoryexplorer.org.uk/Sgt_Green_Riot_3.pdf ''The Epsom Advertiser incorporating the Epsom Observer''], 25 July 1919.</ref>
* [[Illinois]] had to reconfirm ratification of women's suffrage due to the error in the text of the initial resolution, but still retained the prestige of being the first U.S. state to ratify the [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|19th Amendment]].{{sfn|Harper|1922|p=164}}
* The [[139th Aero Squadron]] of the [[United States Army Air Service]] was disbanded at [[Roosevelt Field (airport)|Hazelhurst Field]], [[Mineola, New York]].<ref>Series "E", Volume 17, History of the 104th-147th Aero Squadrons. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.</ref>
* The comic strip ''[[Barney Google and Snuffy Smith]]'', created by [[Billy DeBeck]], debuted in the [[Chicago American|''Chicago Herald'' and ''Chicago Examiner'']].<ref>[http://www.toonopedia.com/google.htm Barney Google] at [[Don Markstein's Toonopedia]]. [https://archive.today/20240527115403/https://www.webcitation.org/6b6aQ1H2P?url=http://toonopedia.com/google.htm Archived] from the original on August 27, 2015.</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Beryl Reid]], English actress, known for her film roles including ''[[The Killing of Sister George (film)|The Killing of Sister George]]'' and television roles including ''[[Smiley's People (TV series)|Smiley's People]]'', recipient of the [[Tony Award for Best Actress in a Play]] for ''[[The Killing of Sister George]]'', in [[Hereford]], [[England]] (d. [[1996]]); [[Kingman Brewster Jr.]], American diplomat and academic, 17th [[List of presidents of Yale University|President of Yale University]], [[List of ambassadors of the United States to the United Kingdom|U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom]] from 1977 to 1981, in [[Longmeadow, Massachusetts]] (d. [[1988]]); [[Herbert Gentry]], American painter, noted ex-pat of the [[Expressionism]] movement in [[Europe]], in [[Pittsburgh]] (d. [[2003]])
* '''Died:''' [[Pierre, Duke of Penthièvre]], French noble, naval officer for the [[United States Navy]] and [[French Navy]], grandson to [[Louis Philippe I]] (b. [[1845]])

==Wednesday, June 18, 1919==
* [[White movement|White Russian forces]] under command of [[Yakov Slashchov]] landed at [[Koktebel]], [[Crimea]] and forced the government of the [[Crimean Socialist Soviet Republic]] to flee the capital of [[Simferopol]].<ref>Fisher 1978, p. 128</ref>
* [[Konteradmiral|German Rear-Admiral]] [[Ludwig von Reuter]] circulated an order among the remaining 1,700 sailors of the [[High Seas Fleet]] interned at [[Scapa Flow]] to scuttle all the remaining 74 ships of the fleet rather than have them handed over to the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] should [[Germany]] sign the proposed peace treaty at the [[Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)|Paris Peace Conference]], tentatively scheduled for June 21 (but postponed later to June 28).<ref>{{cite book|last=van der Vat|first=Dan|author-link=Dan van der Vat|title=Standard of Power: The Royal Navy in the Twentieth Century|year=2000|publisher=Random House|location=London|isbn=0-7126-6535-8|page=167}}</ref>
* The [[Dáil Éireann]] established the [[Dáil Courts|National Arbitration Courts]] in [[Ireland]].<ref>{{cite web| first=Seamus| last=Fox| title=June 1919| work=Chronology of Irish History 1919–1923| url=http://www.dcu.ie/~foxs/irhist/june_1919.htm| date=2008-08-31| location=Dublin| access-date=2012-10-31| archive-date=2004-11-21| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041121015041/http://www.dcu.ie/~foxs/irhist/june_1919.htm}}</ref>
* [[Winnipeg general strike]] &ndash; Eight strike leaders were arrested, with seven members brought to trial and convicted of political crimes, including future politicians [[J. S. Woodsworth]], [[George Armstrong (Manitoba politician)|George Armstrong]], [[William Ivens]], and [[John Queen]], the future [[List of mayors of Winnipeg|Mayor of Winnipeg]].<ref>Edmonton Bulletin, April 8, 1920</ref>
* The [[Liga Deportiva Alajuelense]] was founded in [[Costa Rica]], becoming the biggest football club in [[Central America]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Organization - History |url=https://lda.cr/club/figures |website=LDA.cr |publisher=LDA |access-date=7 September 2018}}</ref>
* [[Zionism|Zionist]] leader [[Isaac Leib Goldberg]] began publishing the Hebrew newspaper ''Hadashot Ha'aretz (News of the Land)'', later known as ''[[Haaretz]]'', in [[Jerusalem]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0008_0_08065.html |title=Israel Society and Culture: Haaretz |last1=Cohen |first1=Yoel |publisher=[[Jewish Virtual Library]] |access-date=12 January 2015}} <br />{{cite web |url=http://polishjews.yivoarchives.org/archive/?p=collections/controlcard&id=17441 |title=Goldberg, Isaac Leib (1860-1935) Papers |publisher=Yivo Institute for Jewish Research |access-date=10 January 2015}}</ref>

==Thursday, June 19, 1919==
[[File:Vittorio Emanuele Orlando.jpeg|thumb|right|150px|[[Vittorio Emanuele Orlando]], [[Prime Minister of Italy]]]]
* [[Battle of Cēsis (1919)|Battle of Cēsis]] &ndash; Estonian and Latvian forces attacked the ''[[Baltische Landeswehr]]'' near [[Cēsis]], [[Latvia]], in what would be the decisive battle for the [[Estonian War of Independence|Estonian]] and [[Latvian War of Independence|Latvian]] wars for independence.<ref>{{cite book| title=Ülevaade Eesti Vabadussõjast (1918–1920) (Overview on Estonian War of Independence)| language=et| author=Colonel Jaan Maide|url=http://www.ksk.edu.ee/file.php?ID=1207| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822143207/http://www.ksk.edu.ee/file.php?ID=1207| archive-date=2010-08-22}}</ref>
* [[Prime Minister of Italy|Italian Prime Minister]] [[Vittorio Emanuele Orlando]] resigned and dissolved his [[Orlando Cabinet|cabinet]] following his inability to acquire the Croatian city of [[Rijeka|Fiume]] for [[Italy]] in the peace settlement at the [[Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)|Paris Peace Conference]], despite 90% of the population being ethnic Italian.<ref>Macmillan, Margaret (2002). ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=EHzgiYw0kegC Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World]'', New York: Random House, {{ISBN|0-375-76052-0}}, p. 302</ref>
* The [[Pennsylvania State Senate]] ratified the [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|19th Amendment]].{{sfn|Harper|1922|p=563}}<ref>{{cite news |title=Pennsylvania Ratifies | url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26330756/pennsylvania_ratifies_the_brookville/ |access-date=18 December 2018 |newspaper=The Brookville American |date=26 June 1919 | location=Brookville, Pennsylvania |page=1 |via = [[Newspapers.com]]}} {{open access}}</ref>
* [[Arbejdernes Landsbank|National Workers Bank]] was established by trade unions and the [[Social Democrats (Denmark)|Social Democrats of Denmark]] in [[Copenhagen]] to become the country's seventh largest bank.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.al-bank.dk/om-banken/fakta-og-historik/historie/ |title=Historie |publisher=Arbejdeners Landsbank}}</ref>
* The football club [[U.S. Salernitana 1919|Salernitana]] was established in [[Salerno]], [[Italy]].<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.salernitana.it/storia/stagione.asp?id=5| publisher=Salernitana.it| title=La Storia: 1910–1919| date=24 June 2007| language=it| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227145724/http://www.salernitana.it/storia/stagione.asp?id=5| archive-date=27 February 2008| df=dmy-all}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Pauline Kael]], American film critic, best known for her film columns in ''[[The New Yorker]]'', author of ''[[I Lost It at the Movies]]'' and ''[[Raising Kane]]'', in [[Petaluma, California]] (d. [[2001]])
* '''Died:''' [[Petre P. Carp]], Romanian state leader and author, 21st [[Prime Minister of Romania]], co-founder of the ''[[Junimea]]'' club (b. [[1837 in literature|1837]])

==Friday, June 20, 1919==
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 146-1979-122-29A, Philipp Scheidemann.jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor]] [[Philipp Scheidemann]] resigns]]
* [[Chancellor of Germany|Chancellor]] [[Philipp Scheidemann]] resigned from his position as head of the [[Weimar Republic]] in [[Germany]] and dissolved his [[Scheidemann cabinet|government]] in protest over the [[Allies of World War I|Allied]] ultimatum to accept the draft of the [[Treaty of Versailles|peace treaty]] submitted by the [[Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)|Paris Peace Conference]].<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.bundesarchiv.de/aktenreichskanzlei/1919-1933/0000/sch/sch1p/kap1_1/para2_5.html#Start |title=Files of the Reichskanzlei: Kabinett Scheidemann, Einleitung V (German)|publisher=Bundesarchiv|access-date=3 October 2013}}</ref>
* [[Battle of Cēsis (1919)|Battle of Cēsis]] &ndash; The ''[[Baltische Landeswehr]]'' attempted to capture [[Limbaži]], Latvia, held by Estonian and Latvian forces but achieved only limited success.<ref>Traksmaa, August: ''Lühike vabadussõja ajalugu'', page 156. Olion, 1992</ref>
* Five sailors serving on the [[Royal Australian Navy]] [[battlecruiser]] {{HMAS|Australia|1911|6}} were charged with leading a mutiny on June 1 when the ship was anchored in [[Fremantle]], [[Australia]], but public sympathy forced the navy to reduce sentences for the participants in September.<ref>Frame & Baker 2000, p. 103</ref>
* [[Hazel Hotchkiss Wightman]] won her fourth national title, defeating [[Marion Zinderstein]] 6–1, 6–2 in the [[1919 U.S. National Championships – Women's singles|women's singles]] at the [[US Open (tennis)|U.S. National Championships]]. However, Zinderstein defeated Wightman in women's doubles, when she and partner [[Eleanor Goss]] defeated Wightman and her partner [[Eleonora Sears]] 10–8 and 9–7. Zinderstein also won mixed doubles with partner [[Vincent Richards]], defeating [[Florence Ballin]] and [[Bill Tilden]] 2–6, 11–9, 6–2.<ref>{{cite magazine|title=Mrs. Wightman singles champion|journal=American Lawn Tennis|date=July 1, 1919|volume=XIII|issue=4|pages=148–149, 188|url=https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=umn.31951000735432s;view=1up;seq=116|via=[[HathiTrust]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|author1=Fred Hawthorne|title=Mrs. Wightman regains National Tennis Championship|url=http://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1919-06-22/ed-1/seq-10.pdf|work=[[New York Tribune]]|date=June 22, 1919}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Californian once again women;s tennis champion|url=https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SU19190622.2.138|work=[[The Sacramento Union]]|date=June 22, 1919|page=13|access-date=June 2, 2019|archive-date=April 6, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180406041500/https://cdnc.ucr.edu/cgi-bin/cdnc?a=d&d=SU19190622.2.138}}</ref>
* [[Roy W. Allen]] opened a [[A&W Root Beer|root beer]] and burger stand in [[Lodi, California]]. In four years, he partnered with one of his employees and opened the first [[A&W Restaurants|A&W Restaurant]] in [[Sacramento, California]].<ref>{{cite news| last1=Deck| first1=Cecilia| title=Fast-food Pioneer A&w Survives To Map Comeback| url=https://www.chicagotribune.com/1989/11/19/fast-food-pioneer-aw-survives-to-map-comeback/| access-date=September 9, 2016| work=Chicago Tribune| agency=Knight-Ridder Newspapers| publisher=Tribune Publishing| date=November 19, 1989}}</ref>
* Three [[association football|football]] clubs were established the same day in [[Europe]]: [[USV Elinkwijk|Elinkwijk]] in [[Utrecht]], [[Netherlands]],<ref>{{cite web |title=About the Club - History | url=https://www.elinkwijk.nl/club/historie/ |website=USV Elinkwijk |access-date=2 January 2019 |language=nl}}</ref> [[U.S.D. Lavagnese 1919|Lavagnese]] in [[Lavagna]], [[Italy]],<ref>{{cite web |title=Our History | url=https://www.lavagnese.com/societa |website=USD Lavagnese |access-date=2 January 2019 |language=it}}</ref> and [[Skövde AIK|Skövde]] in [[Skövde]], [[Sweden]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Club History | url=http://www.skovdeaik.se/OmSkovdeAIK/Klubbenshistoria/ |website=Skövde AIK |access-date=3 January 2019 |language=sv}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Anna Mac Clarke]], American army officer, first African-American female commanding officer for the [[Women's Army Corps]], in [[Lexington, Kentucky]] (d. [[1944]])
* '''Died:''' [[William Stephen Devery]], American law enforcer, first police chief of the [[New York City Police Department]] (b. [[1854]])

==Saturday, June 21, 1919==
[[File:Seydlitz capsized.jpg|thumb|right|{{SMS|Seydlitz || 2}} on her side after being scuttled.]]
[[File:SMS Hindenburg sunk.jpg|thumb|right|Only the upper works of {{SMS|Hindenburg || 2}} remained above the water after being scuttled.]]
[[File:Bundesarchiv Bild 183-J0113-0500-001, Gustav Bauer(cropped).jpg|thumb|right|150px|[[Gustav Bauer]], new [[Chancellor of Germany]]]]
[[File:WinnipegGeneralStrike.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[[Winnipeg general strike|Crowd of strikers]] in downtown [[Winnipeg]], before broken up by police.]]
[[File:RNWMP operations in Winnipeg General Strike, 1919.jpg|thumb|Police on horseback in [[Winnipeg]] during the [[Winnipeg general strike]].]]
* [[Konteradmiral|German Rear-Admiral]][[Ludwig von Reuter]] ordered the entire German [[High Seas Fleet]] interned in [[Scapa Flow]] off the coast of [[Scotland]] to be [[Scuttling of the German fleet at Scapa Flow|scuttled]] rather than have the ships seized by the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] under the terms negotiated at the [[Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)|Paris Peace Conference]]. Before a [[Royal Navy]] squadron could intervene, 15 flag ships were sunk along with 32 destroyers and four light cruisers. Nine German sailors retreating from the sinking ships in lifeboats were shot and killed by the [[Royal Navy]] and another 16 were wounded. A total 1,774 German sailors were picked up and transported to [[Royal Navy]] battleships.<ref>{{cite book| title=From the Dreadnought to Scapa Flow, The Royal Navy in the Fisher Era, 1904&ndash;1919: 1917: Victory and Aftermath |volume=V| last=Marder| first=Arthur Jacob| author-link=Arthur Marder| year=1970| publisher=Oxford University Press| location=London| isbn=0-19-215187-8| page=282}}</ref> Well known German battleships destroyed included:
** {{SMS|Baden}}
** {{SMS|Bayern}}
** {{SMS|Bremse}}
** {{SMS|Brummer}}
** {{SMS|Cöln|1916|6}}
** {{SMS|Dresden|1917|6}}
** {{SMS|Derfflinger}}
** {{SMS|Emden|1916|6}}
** {{SMS|Frankfurt}}
** {{SMS|Friedrich der Grosse|1911|6}}
** {{SMS|Hindenburg}}
** {{SMS|Grosser Kurfürst|1913|6}}
** {{SMS|Kaiser|1911|6}}
** {{SMS|Kaiserin}}
** {{SMS|Karlsruhe|1916|6}}
** {{SMS|König}}
** {{SMS|König Albert}}
** {{SMS|Kronprinz}}
** {{SMS|Markgraf}}
** {{SMS|Moltke}}
** {{SMS|Nürnberg|1916|6}}
** {{SMS|Prinzregent Luitpold||6}}
** {{SMS|Seydlitz||6}}
** {{SMS|Von der Tann}}
* [[Gustav Bauer]] formed a [[Bauer cabinet|government]] for [[Germany]] following the resignation of the [[Philipp Scheidemann]] administration the previous day.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bundesarchiv.de/aktenreichskanzlei/1919-1933/0000/bau/bau1p/kap1_1/para2_2.html|title=Files of the Reichskanzlei: Kabinett Bauer, Regierungsbildung und Annahme des Versailler Vertrags (German)|publisher=Bundesarchiv|access-date=23 December 2013}}</ref>
* [[Battle of Cēsis (1919)|Battle of Cēsis]] &ndash; The ''[[Baltische Landeswehr]]'' launched their main attack against [[Latvia]] and [[Estonia]], breaking through the Latvian defense line before Estonian reinforcements halted their advance.<ref>Traksmaa, August: ''Lühike vabadussõja ajalugu'', page 157. Olion, 1992</ref>
* [[Winnipeg general strike]] &ndash; [[North-West Mounted Police|Royal Northwest Mounted Police]] fired a volley of bullets into a crowd of 30,000 strikers protesting the arrest of the strike leaders, killing two and injuring between 35 and 45 people, in what was later referred to as "Bloody Saturday".<ref>Francis | 1984, pp. 4–8</ref>
* The fourth annual [[Aerial Derby]] was held in [[London]], the first since the start of [[World War I]]. Sixteen participants flew over the same 94-mile (151-kilometer) circuit used previously, but did it twice since aircraft were now faster than in 1915. The overall winner was G. Gathergood, who completed the race in 1 hour 27 minutes 42 seconds in an [[Airco DH.4|Airco aircraft]] with no [[handicapping|handicap]]. H. A. Hammersley won the handicap competition in an [[Avro Baby]] with a time of 2 hours 41 minutes 23 seconds.<ref>[http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive/view/1919/1919%20-%200806.html The Victory Aerial Derby]. [[Flight International|''Flight'']]: 19 June 1919, p. 806</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Paolo Soleri]], Italian-American architect, founder of the [[Cosanti]] foundation, designer of the experimental town of [[Arcosanti]], [[Arizona]], in [[Turin]] (d. [[2013 in architecture|2013]]); [[Ernie Blandin]], American football player, [[Tackle (gridiron football position)|tackle]] for the [[Cleveland Browns]] and [[Baltimore Colts (1947–1950)|Baltimore Colts]] from 1946 to 1953, in [[Augusta, Kansas]] (d. [[1968]]); [[Forest K. Ferguson]], American football player, defensive [[end (gridiron football)|end]] for the [[Florida Gators football]] team from 1939 to 1941, in [[San Marco (Jacksonville)|South Jacksonville, Florida]] (d. [[1954]])
* '''Died:''' [[Franz von Liszt]], German judge, promoter and developer of [[international law]] (b. [[1851]]); [[Gustaf Retzius]], Swedish physician, noted for his research into the [[nervous system]] (b. [[1842]])

==Sunday, June 22, 1919==
[[File:Ff1919.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Damage from tornado in [[Fergus Falls, Minnesota]].]]
* A [[1919 Fergus Falls tornado|tornado]] struck [[Fergus Falls, Minnesota]], killing 57 people and causing $4 million in damages. It would be the second deadliest tornado in the state's history.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Tornado at Fergus Falls Minnesota, June 22, 1919 | journal = Monthly Weather Review | volume = 47 | issue = 6 | pages = 392–393 | date = June 1919 | url = http://docs.lib.noaa.gov/rescue/mwr/047/mwr-047-06-0392.pdf | doi = 10.1175/1520-0493(1919)47<392:TAFFMJ>2.0.CO;2 | access-date =August 30, 2007 |bibcode = 1919MWRv...47..392. | doi-access = free }}</ref>
* German Chancellor [[Gustav Bauer]] sent a telegram to the [[Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)|Paris Peace Conference]] saying [[Germany]] would sign a peace treaty provided certain articles detrimental to Germany's security and economy were removed. The [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] responded with an ultimatum that if the treaty was not signed, Allied forces would cross the [[Rhine]] within 24 hours.<ref>{{Cite book|first1=Louise Chipley|last1=Slavicek|series=Milestones in Modern World History|title=The Treaty of Versailles|publisher=Chelsea House Publications|year=2010|isbn=978-160413-277-9|page=73}}</ref>
* The [[Inter-Allied Games]] were held in the newly built [[Stade Pershing|Pershing Stadium]] at [[Bois de Vincennes]], just outside [[Paris]], with over 1,500 military athletes from 18 nations competing. The [[United States]] [[Athletics at the Inter-Allied Games|dominated]] the games with 18 wins.<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/cu31924014114353/cu31924014114353_djvu.txt Full text of ''The inter-allied games, Paris, 22nd June to 6th July, 1919'']. Albert R Mann, Cornell University Library.</ref>
* [[Willingdon College]] was established in [[Sangli]], [[India]], named after former [[Governor (India)|Governor of India]] [[Freeman Freeman-Thomas, 1st Marquess of Willingdon|Lord Willingdon]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.willingdoncollege.in/ |website=Willingdone College|title=Willingdone College}}</ref>
* The [[All-England Theatre Festival|British Drama League]] held its inaugural meeting at [[Theatre Royal Haymarket|Theatre Royal]] in [[Haymarket, London]], [[England]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.aetf.org.uk/frames.html |title=History of the All-England Theatre Festival |access-date=5 August 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080724234212/http://www.aetf.org.uk/frames.html |archive-date=2008-07-24  }}</ref>
* The football club [[Hünfelder SV]] was established in [[Hünfeld]], [[Germany]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Chronicle of the Hünfelder Sportverein 1919 eV from 1919 - 1945|url=http://www.huenfeldersv.de/hsv/chronik-2/ |website=Hünfelder SV |access-date=2 January 2019 |language=de}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Henri Tajfel]], Polish-British psychologist, known for his research into [[social identity theory]] and [[prejudice]], founding member of the [[European Association of Social Psychology]], in [[Włocławek]], [[Poland]] (d. [[1982 in science|1982]]); [[Gower Champion]], American choreographer and film director, known his collaboration with wife [[Marge Champion]] on film musicals including ''[[Mr. Music]]'' and ''[[Show Boat (1951 film)|Show Boat]]'', in [[Geneva, Illinois]] (d. [[1980]])

==Monday, June 23, 1919==
* [[Battle of Cēsis (1919)|Battle of Cēsis]] &ndash; The [[Estonian Land Forces|Estonian Army]] launched a successful counterattack against the ''[[Baltische Landeswehr]]'', recapturing [[Cēsis]], Latvia, and forcing the pro-German force to retreat towards [[Riga]].<ref>Kaevats, Ülo: ''Eesti Entsüklopeedia 10'', page 519. Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus, 1998</ref> The ''Landeswehr'' suffered 274 casualties.<ref>{{cite book| title=Lemsalu — Roopa — Võnnu — Ronneburgi lahing 19. — 23. VI. 1919. a. (Lemsalu — Roopa — Võnnu — Ronneburg battle 19. — 23. VI. 1919| author=Nikolai Reek| url=http://www.ksk.edu.ee/file.php?ID=1243|publisher=[[Estonian National Defence College]] museum| language=et| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100822142922/http://www.ksk.edu.ee/file.php?ID=1243| archive-date=2010-08-22| author-link=Nikolai Reek}}</ref> The Estonians sustained more casualties than the Latvians, with 110 dead and 295 wounded, compared the Latvians who only lost 13 dead and 30 wounded.<ref>{{cite book| last = Pētersone| first = Inta| author-link = Inta Pētersone| title = Latvijas Brīvības cīņas 1918-1920: enciklopēdija.| language = lv| publisher = Preses nams| location = Riga| year = 1999| isbn = 9984-00-395-7| oclc = 43426410}}</ref> The battle proved so decisive in maintaining an independent [[Estonia]] and [[Latvia]] that the date is commemorated as [[Võidupüha|Victory Day]] in [[Estonia]].<ref>{{cite web |title=How to celebrate the Victory Day |url=https://parnu.postimees.ee/885658/kuidas-hakati-voidupuha-tahistama |website=Pärnu Postimees |date=23 June 2012 |access-date=18 May 2019 |language=et}}</ref>
* [[Francesco Saverio Nitti]] became the [[Prime Minister of Italy]] and formed a new [[Nitti I Cabinet|government]]. His replacement of outgoing Prime Minister [[Vittorio Emanuele Orlando]] was notable as the two leaders had a long-standing rivalry within their party.<ref>[[Giulio Andreotti|Andreotti, Giulio]] & Vincio Delleani (1982). ''Visti da vicino'' (Vol. II), Milan: Rizzoli, {{ISBN|88-17850934}}</ref>
* Faced with a prospect of a new war against the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]], German Chancellor [[Gustav Bauer]] sent another telegram confirming a German delegation would travel to [[Paris]] to sign a peace treaty.<ref>Slavicek 2010, p. 73</ref>
* The [[White movement|White Russian]] [[Volunteer Army]] began a series of [[Kiev pogroms (1919)|pogroms]] against Jewish communities around [[Kyiv|Kiev]], starting with the Jewish village of [[Skvyra|Skvira]], [[Ukraine]], where insurgents killed 45 people and raped 35 women.<ref>{{cite book | author=Michael L. Brown |title=Our Hands Are Stained with Blood |chapter=More Tears |year=1992 |publisher=Destiny Image |page=105 |isbn=978-1-56043-068-1 |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Y2PseStkG3sC&q=Skvira |via=Google Books, preview.}}</ref>
* The first and only [[1919 Armenian parliamentary election|elections]] were held in the [[First Republic of Armenia]], with the [[Armenian Revolutionary Federation]] winning a majority of the seats. Voter turnout was 71% despite the election being boycotted by the [[Social Democrat Hunchakian Party]] and [[Armenian Populist Party]].<ref>[[Dieter Nohlen]], Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) ''Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume I'', p[. 329, 333 {{ISBN|0-19-924958-X}}</ref> Women voted for the first time and three female candidates were elected to office, including [[Perchuhi Partizpanyan-Barseghyan]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://chai-khana.org/en/womens-suffrage-the-armenian-formula|title=Women's Suffrage: The Armenian Formula|author=Badalyan, Lena|publisher=Chai Khana|date=5 December 2018|access-date=30 November 2018|archive-date=1 December 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181201005054/https://chai-khana.org/en/womens-suffrage-the-armenian-formula}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last1=Harutyunyan |first1=Anahit |title=Առաջին խորհրդարանի (1919-1920) երեք կին պատգամավորները |url=https://www.aniarc.am/2018/03/08/women-1919-1920-mp/ | website=ANI Armenian Research Center |publisher=Armenian Research Center for Anteriology |access-date=11 January 2019 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180504044633/https://www.aniarc.am/2018/03/08/women-1919-1920-mp/ |archive-date=4 May 2018 |location=Yerevan, Armenia | language=hy |date=8 March 2018 |quote=Three female deputies of the first parliament (1919-1920)}}</ref>
* [[Lomer Gouin]] was elected to his fourth term as [[Premier of Quebec]], defeating challenger [[Arthur Sauvé]] in the [[1919 Quebec general election|Quebec provincial election]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Lomer Gouin |url=http://www.assnat.qc.ca/en/deputes/gouin-lomer-3491/biographie.html |website=National Assembly of Quebec |access-date=24 March 2019 |language=fr}}</ref>
* Many of the surviving German [[Zeppelin]]s from [[World War I]] were destroyed by their own crews in order to prevent them from falling into [[Allies of World War I|Allied]] hands. Out of the 84 built for the war, 60 had been destroyed.<ref>* Liddell Hart, B. H. ''A History of the World War 1914–1918.'' London: Faber & Faber, 1934, p. 76</ref>
* The [[394th Combat Training Squadron|4th Aero Squadron]] of the [[United States Army Air Service]] was reactivated at [[Roosevelt Field (airport)|Hazelhurst Field]] in [[New York (state)|New York]] before it was eventually mobilized in [[Hawaii]].<ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.creech.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-071115-105.pdf|title=Brief History of the 394th Combat Training Squadron| publisher=Whiteman Air Force Base Office of History| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131216220807/http://www.creech.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-071115-105.pdf| archive-date=16 December 2013| access-date=16 December 2013}}</ref>
* The [[1919 Wimbledon Championships|39th]] staging of the [[The Championships, Wimbledon|Wimbledon Championships]] were held in [[London]] after a four-year hiatus due to [[World War I]].<ref>2010 Wimbledon Compendium, by Alan Little (The All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club, Wimbledon, London)</ref>
* The [[Khanenko Museum|Museum of Western and Oriental Art]] in [[Kyiv|Kiev]] was given state museum status to house the art collection donated by the estate of [[Bogdan Khanenko]], the largest collection of foreign art in [[Ukraine]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.zerkalo-nedeli.com/nn/show/18/42867/| title=Khanenko gift| first=Vyacheslav| last=Prokopenko| date=1995-02-04| publisher=[[Zerkalo Nedeli]]| language=ru| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20051207015925/http://www.zerkalo-nedeli.com/nn/show/18/42867/| archive-date=2005-12-07}}</ref>
* The [[Women's Engineering Society]] was established in [[London]] to address the growing number of women entering the engineering field.<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=https://www.wes.org.uk/content/history |website=Women's Engineering Society |access-date=7 January 2019}}</ref>
* Several rail stations were reopened in [[England]] after being closed down during [[World War I]], including stations in [[Lightmoor Platform railway station|Coalbrookdale]].<ref>{{cite book|title=Craven Arms to Wellington|first1=Vic|last1=Mitchell|first2=Keith|last2=Smith|at=figs. 75-79|publisher=Middleton Press|year=2008|isbn=978-1-906008-33-8|oclc=750867075}}</ref>
* The [[Poplar Recreation Ground Memorial]] was unveiled by Major General [[Edward Ashmore (British Army officer)|Edward Ashmore]], commander of [[London Air Defence Area]], on [[A13 road (England)|East India Dock Road]] in [[Poplar, London]] as a memorial to the 18 schoolchildren killed in the first daylight German bombing raid in 1917.<ref>{{NHLE |desc=War memorial to the children of Upper North Street School |num=1065215 |access-date=19 November 2018}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Mohamed Boudiaf]], Algerian state leader, 4th [[President of Algeria]], in [[Ouled Madhi]], [[Algeria]] (d. [[1992]], assassinated); [[Lafayette G. Pool]], American army officer, tank commander with the [[32nd Cavalry Regiment|32nd Armored Regiment]] during [[World War II]], recipient of the [[Distinguished Service Cross (United States)|Distinguished Service Cross]], [[Legion of Merit]], and [[Silver Star]], in [[Odem, Texas]] (d. [[1991]])

==Tuesday, June 24, 1919==
* The [[Social Democratic Party of Hungary]] attempted but failed to overthrow the government of the [[Hungarian Soviet Republic]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Hungarian Soviet Republic |url=Social Democratic Party of Hungary |website=Hungary - Geographic.org |publisher=The Library of Congress Country Studies |access-date=21 December 2018}}</ref>
* The [[Pennsylvania House of Representatives]] ratified the [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|19th Amendment]], making it the seventh state to endorse extending voting rights to women.<ref>{{cite news |title=Pennsylvania Ratifies | url=https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26330756/pennsylvania_ratifies_the_brookville/ |access-date=18 December 2018 |newspaper=The Brookville American |date=26 June 1919 |location=Brookville, Pennsylvania |page=1 |via = [[Newspapers.com]]}} {{open access}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Al Molinaro]], American actor, best known for his television comedy roles on ''[[Happy Days]]'' and ''[[The Odd Couple (1970 TV series)|The Odd Couple]]'', in [[Kenosha, Wisconsin]] (d. [[2015]]); [[Earl E. Anderson]], American marine officer, [[Assistant Commandant of the Marine Corps]] from 1972 to 1975, recipient of the [[Legion of Merit]], [[Distinguished Flying Cross (United States)|Distinguished Flying Cross]], and [[Bronze Star Medal]], in [[Morgantown, West Virginia]] (d. [[2015]])

==Wednesday, June 25, 1919==
* [[Massachusetts House of Representatives]] ratified the [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|19th Amendment]] by a vote of 185 in favor and 47 against and the [[Massachusetts Senate]] by 34 for and 5 against, making the state the eighth to ratify the federal amendment.{{sfn|Harper|1922|pp=301-302}}
* [[Winnipeg general strike]] &ndash; The general strike committee voted to end the strike and call on all 30,000 strikers to return to work.<ref>Francis 1984, pp. 4–8</ref>
* An American platoon of 72 men repelled an attack by a [[Red Army]] force of 400 men at their base camp in [[Battle of Romanovka|Romanovka]], [[Siberia]], [[Russia]], killing between 41 and 57 Russian soldiers while suffering 24 killed and 25 wounded.<ref>{{cite book |author-link=Max Boot |last=Boot |first=Max |title=The Savage Wars of Peace: Small Wars and the Rise of American Power |location=[[New York City|New York]] |publisher=[[Basic Books]] |isbn=0-465-00721-X |lccn=2004695066 |year= 2003 |pages=235–236}}</ref>
* The [[1st Ukrainian Soviet Army]] was disbanded and became part of the [[12th Army (RSFSR)|12th Red Army]].<ref>{{cite web |title=УКРАЇНСЬКИЙ ФРОНТ | url=http://leksika.com.ua/10290106/ure/ukrayinskiy_front |website=Leksika |publisher=Лексика - українські енциклопедії та словники |access-date=21 January 2019}}</ref>
* The world's first all-metal commercial airplane, the [[Junkers F 13|Junker]], flew for the first time.<ref>Guttman, Jon, "Heavy Metal Pioneer," ''Aviation History'', January 2016, p. 7</ref>
* [[The Genetics Society]] was established in [[London]] by biologists [[William Bateson]] and [[Edith Rebecca Saunders]] to become the longest running society dedicated to the study of [[genetics]].<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=http://www.genetics.org.uk/mission-and-priorities/history/ |website=Genetics Society |access-date=7 January 2019}}</ref>
* The weekly newspaper ''[[Australian Town and Country Journal]]'' released its final issue in [[Sydney]] after nearly 50 years of publication.<ref>{{cite Australian Dictionary of Biography | last=Bryce| first=Merilyn J.| title=Bennett, Samuel (1815–1878)|id2=bennett-samuel-2975| access-date=19 April 2013}}</ref>
* Football club [[S.C. Eendracht Aalst|Eendracht Aalst]] was established in [[Aalst, Belgium]].<ref>{{cite web |title=Club Info - History |url=https://www.eendracht-aalst.be/club/geschiedenis |website=SC Eendracht Aalst |access-date=2 January 2019 |language=nl-be}}</ref>
* The village of [[Minburn, Alberta]], was incorporated.<ref>{{cite web | title=Organization of Village Municipality | publisher=Government of Alberta | url=http://municipalaffairs.alberta.ca/cfml/pdf_search/pdf/VILG/0221/Minburn_Gaz_Organization_of_Village_1919_No3.pdf| date=July 15, 1919 | access-date=June 30, 2015}}</ref>
* '''Died:''' [[William Martin Murphy]], Irish publisher, founder of the ''[[Sunday Independent (Ireland)|Sunday Independent]]'', leader of employer's syndicate in the [[Dublin lock-out]] (b. [[1844 in Ireland|1844]])

==Thursday, June 26, 1919==
* [[White movement|White Russian forces]] occupied all of [[Crimea]].<ref>Fisher 1978, p. 128</ref>
* [[Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office|British Foreign Office]] official [[St John Philby]] and [[T. E. Lawrence]] were flown into [[Cairo]] for discussions about Arab unrest in [[Egypt]] by Canadian pilot [[Harry Yates (RAF officer)|Harry Yates]] in a [[Handley Page]] [[bomber]].<ref>{{cite journal|journal=The Beaver|title=A daring young man in his flying machine| url=http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/3286732/daring-young-man-his-flying-machine| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304025307/http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/3286732/daring-young-man-his-flying-machine| archive-date=2016-03-04|volume=80|issue=3|author=Simser, Guy|date=June 2000|pages=8–15}}</ref>
* American publisher [[Joseph Medill Patterson]] founded the ''Illustrated Daily News'', the first tabloid newspaper in [[New York City]]. It was eventually renamed the ''[[New York Daily News]]'' and became the ninth most widely circulated newspaper in the [[United States]].<ref>''Current Biography 1942'', pp. 648–51: "Patterson, Joseph Medill"</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Freddie Mills]], English boxer, World Light Heavyweight Champion from 1948 to 1950, in [[Bournemouth]], [[England]] (d. [[1965]], suicide); [[M. Brewster Smith]], American psychologist, promoter of [[deinstitutionalisation]] in mental health services, famously argued against racial segregation in education in ''[[Brown v. Board of Education]]'', in [[Syracuse, New York]] (d. [[2012]])

==Friday, June 27, 1919==
* American entrepreneur [[Marcus Garvey]] established the [[Black Star Line]] as the first shipping line run by [[African Americans]].<ref>{{cite web|title=The Black Star Line was incorporated 96 years ago today|url=https://keyamsha.wordpress.com/2015/06/27/the-black-star-line-was-incorporated-96-years-ago-today/|website=Keyamsha the awakening|access-date=28 June 2015|date=2015-06-27}}</ref>
* The [[Lithuanian Riflemen's Union]] was established as a paramilitary nonprofit organization specializing in weapons training and sport shooting.<ref>Nefas, M. Lietuvos šaulių sąjungos ideologija: vidiniai ir išoriniai jos kūrėjai 1918 – 1940 m. Lietuvos šaulių sąjunga: praeitis, dabartis, ateitis.Mokslinių straipsnių rinkinys. {{ISBN|978-9955-39-056-5}}. Kaunas: UAB „Arx Baltica", 2009, p. 11–24</ref>
* The weekly journal ''[[Irish Statesman]]'' began publication as the mouthpiece for the [[Irish Dominion League]]. Edited by [[Warre B. Wells]], the magazine received contributions from leading Irish literary figures including [[W. B. Yeats]], [[George Bernard Shaw]], and [[George William Russell]].<ref>{{cite book| last=Allen| first=Nicholas| title=George Russell (AE) and the new Ireland, 1905-30| year=2003| publisher=Four Courts Press| isbn=978-1-85182-691-9| page=139}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Howard Leeds]], Canadian-American television producer, known for popular television shows ''[[The Brady Bunch]]'', ''[[Diff'rent Strokes]]'', ''[[The Facts of Life (TV series)|The Facts of Life]]'' and ''[[Small Wonder (TV series)|Small Wonder]]'', in [[Winnipeg]] (d. 2017)

==Saturday, June 28, 1919==
[[File:Treaty of Versailles, English version.jpg|thumb|English version of the [[Treaty of Versailles]], formally ending [[World War I]].]]
* The [[Treaty of Versailles]] was signed at the [[Paris Peace Conference (1919–1920)|Paris Peace Conference]] to formally end all international hostilities between the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] and the [[Central Powers]], exactly five years after the [[assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand]] led directly to [[World War I]].<ref>{{cite book|editor1-last=Davis|editor1-first =Robert T.|title=U.S. Foreign Policy and National Security: Chronology and Index for the 20th Century|publisher=Praeger Security International|location=Santa Barbara, California|volume=1|year= 2010|page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=gsM1JiXAMJEC&pg=PA49 49]|isbn=978-0-313-38385-4}}</ref> With the signing of the treaty, the following conditions occurred:
** The charter of the [[Covenant of the League of Nations]] was established.<ref>{{cite book|last = Northedge|first = F. S.|title = The League of Nations: Its life and times, 1920–1946| publisher = [[Leicester University]] Press|year = 1986|isbn=0-7185-1194-8}}</ref>
** [[Germany]] gave up {{convert|25000|sqmi|sqkm}} of territory and 7 million people, most notably losing the [[Greater Poland]] region to [[Poland]], the [[Alsace–Lorraine]] region to [[France]], and having [[East Prussia]] cut off from [[Germany]] when the port city of [[Free City of Danzig|Danzig]] was ceded to Polish control.<ref>{{cite book| title=The Treaty of Versailles: A Reassessment After 75 Years| work=Publications of the German Historical Institute| editor1-first=Manfred F.| editor1-last=Boemeke| editor2-first=Gerald D.| editor2-last=Feldman| editor3-first=Elisabeth| editor3-last=Gläser| publisher=Cambridge University Press| date=1998| isbn=0-521-62132-1| page=220}}</ref>
** The former German African colonies fell under [[Allies of World War I|Allied]] control through the [[League of Nations mandate]], with [[Togoland]] and [[Kamerun]] to [[France]],<ref>{{cite book |title=Military Operations Togoland and the Cameroons 1914–1916 |last=Moberly |first=F. J. |year=1995 |orig-date=1931 |publisher=HMSO |location=London |edition=Imperial War Museum and Battery Press |isbn=0-89839-235-7|page=422}}</ref> [[Ruanda-Urundi]] to [[Belgium]], [[German South West Africa]] to [[South Africa]] and [[German East Africa]] to the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>{{cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=NQnpQNKeKKAC&pg=PA246 | title=Ends of British Imperialism: The Scramble for Empire, Suez, and Decolonization | first=William Roger | last=Louis | publisher=[[I.B. Tauris]] | year=2006 | isbn=978-1-84511347-6 | access-date=19 September 2017|pages=246–247}}</ref> As well, the German colonies in the [[Pacific Ocean]] were divided up with [[German New Guinea]] going to [[Australia]],<ref>{{cite journal| last=Hudson| first=WJ| title=Australia's experience as a mandatory power| journal=Australian Outlook| date=April 1965| volume=19| issue=1| pages=35–46| doi=10.1080/10357716508444191}}</ref> [[German Samoa]] to [[New Zealand]],<ref>{{cite news| title=Imperialism as a Vocation: Class C Mandates|url= http://www.jamesrmaclean.com/archives/archive_vocational_imperialism.html| access-date=27 November 2007}}</ref> and [[Palau]] and [[South Seas Mandate|other islands]] to [[Japan]].<ref>{{cite book|last=Ponsonby-Fane|first=Richard|author-link=Richard Ponsonby-Fane|year=1962|title=Sovereign and Subject|publisher=Ponsonby Memorial Society|pages=346–353}}</ref>
** [[Germany]] accepted responsibility for the damages and losses caused by the war and would make reparation payments to the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]]; the Reparations Committee in 1921 would set total reparation payments to {{nowrap|20 billion}} gold marks or $5 billion in gold.<ref>{{Cite book|editor-last=Martel|editor-first=Gordon|title=A Companion to Europe 1900–1945|publisher=Wiley-Blackwell|location=Hoboken NJ|year=2010|isbn=978-1-444-33840-9|page=156}}</ref>
** The [[Little Treaty of Versailles]] was signed between [[Poland]] and the [[League of Nations]],<ref>Lauterpacht, Elihu Lauterpacht, C. J. Greenwood, A.G. Oppenheimer, ''International Law Reports'', Cambridge University Press, 1998, {{ISBN|0-521-58070-6}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=FEzBqJIF440C&dq=Poland+recognition+1919+versailles&pg=PA537 Google Print, p.537]</ref> the first of many [[Minority Treaties]] to be signed between the [[intergovernmental organization]] and countries signing on for membership.<ref>Jennifer Jackson Preece, ''[http://journals.cambridge.org/article_S0260210597000752 Minority Rights in Europe: From Westphalia to Helsinki]'' Review of International Studies, 1997, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 1-18</ref>
** The [[International Labour Organization]] was established, becoming an agency of the [[League of Nations]] and eventually of the [[United Nations]].<ref>Foner, Philip S. ''History of the Labor Movement in the United States. Vol. 7: Labor and World War I, 1914–1918.'' New York: International Publishers, 1987. {{ISBN|0-7178-0638-3}}</ref>
** The [[International Opium Convention]], signed originally in 1912, became the first internationally enforced drug control treaty until it was superseded in 1961 by the [[Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs]].<ref>[https://www.tni.org/en/publication/the-un-drug-control-conventions#box1 A Primer on the UN Drug Control Conventions. Transnational Institute.]</ref>
** The [[British Summary Court]] was established with the [[Inter-Allied Rhineland High Commission]] to oversee [[Allies of World War I|Allied]] [[occupation of the Rhineland]] in [[Germany]].<ref>{{cite journal| last=Carsten| first=F.L.| date=1944| title=The British Summary Court at Wiesbaden, 1926-1929| journal=[[Modern Law Review]]| publisher=[[Blackwell Publishing]]| volume=7|issue=4| issn=0026-7961|page=215| doi=10.1111/j.1468-2230.1944.tb00986.x| doi-access=free}}</ref>
* The [[Texas House of Representatives]] ratified the [[Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|19th Amendment]], making it the ninth state to approve women's suffrage.{{sfn|Harper|1922|p=643}}
* The [[11th (Northern) Division|11th Northern Division]] of the [[British Army]] was disbanded.<ref>{{cite book |last=Spring |first=F. G. |author-link=Frederick Spring |title=The History of the 6th (Service) Battalion Lincolnshire Regiment, 1914–1919 |publisher=Poacher Books |location=Boston |year=2008 |isbn = 978-0-299-23004-3}}</ref>
* The [[5th Light Horse Regiment (Australia)|5th Light Horse Regiment]] was disbanded after returning to [[Australia]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=6 December 2011|publisher=Australian War Memorial|title=5th Light Horse Regiment|work=First World War, 1914–1918 units| url=http://www.awm.gov.au/units/unit_10557.asp}}</ref>
* The sports club [[I. SSK Maribor|Maribor]] was established in [[Maribor]], [[Slovenia]].<ref name="league">{{cite web | url = https://mnzmaribor.si/wp-content/uploads/MNZ_Maribor_knjiga_Vec%CC%8C-kot-igra_predaja_2020-05-18.pdf | title = MNZ Maribor&nbsp;– 80 let nogometa v Mariboru | publisher = MNZ Maribor | year = 2008 | access-date = 15 August 2013 | language = sl }}</ref>
* The football club [[AVV Zeeburgia|Zeeburgia]] was established in [[Amsterdam]].<ref>{{cite web |title=History |url=https://www.zeeburgia.nl/412/historie/ |website=AVV Zeeburgia |access-date=2 January 2019 |language=nl}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Edward John Carnell]], American theologian, second President of the [[Fuller Theological Seminary]], member of the [[Evangelicalism]] movement in the [[United States]], in [[Antigo, Wisconsin]] (d. [[1967]])

==Sunday, June 29, 1919==
* Voters in [[Switzerland]] rejected granting women the right to vote.{{sfn|Harper|1922|p=797}}
* The [[1919 Tour de France|Tour de France]] began after a four-year absence due to [[World War I]].<ref>{{cite book| first=Jacques| last=Augendre| author-link=Jacques Augendre| url=http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf| title=Guide historique| trans-title=Historical guide| year=2016 |language=fr| access-date=27 October 2016| work=[[Tour de France]]| location=Paris| publisher=[[Amaury Sport Organisation]]| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160817121602/http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf| archive-date=17 August 2016| url-status=live|page=108}}</ref>
* The [[West Virginia State Police]] was established.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Cole |first1=Merle T. |title=A Comprehensive History of the West Virginia State Police, 1919-1979 |url=https://www.wvsp.gov/about/Pages/History.aspx |website=West Virginia State Police |access-date=3 October 2018 }}</ref>
* The [[Polish Chemical Society]] was established in [[Warsaw]].<ref>{{cite book|last1=Lichocka|first1=Halina|title=Creating Networks in Chemistry: The Founding and Early History of Chemical Societites in Europe|date=2008|publisher=RSC Publishing|isbn=978-0-85404-279-1}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Slim Pickens]], American actor, best known for comedic film roles in ''[[Dr. Strangelove]]'' and ''[[Blazing Saddles]]'', in [[Kingsburg, California]] (d. [[1983 in film|1983]]); [[Maurice Britt]], American army officer, commander of Company K, 3rd Battalion, [[30th Infantry Regiment (United States)|30th Infantry Regiment]] during [[World War II]], recipient of the [[Medal of Honor]], [[Distinguished Service Cross (United States)|Distinguished Service Cross]], [[Silver Star]], and [[Bronze Star Medal]], in [[Carlisle, Arkansas]] (d. [[1995]]); [[Ernesto Corripio y Ahumada]], Mexican clergy, [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Mexico|Archbishop of Mexico City]] from 1977 to 1994, in [[Tampico]], [[Mexico]] (d. [[2008]])
* '''Died:''' [[José Gregorio Hernández]], Venezuelan physician, known for his charitable medical work for the poor in [[Venezuela]] (killed in a vehicle accident) (b. [[1864]])

==Monday, June 30, 1919==
* The [[ANZAC Mounted Division]] was disbanded after the last units returned to [[Australia]] and [[New Zealand]].<ref>{{cite web|access-date=23 October 2013| publisher=Australian War Memorial| title=General Staff, Headquarters ANZAC Mounted Division, •AWM4, 1/60/40&nbsp;– June 1919| url=http://www.awm.gov.au/collection/records/awm4/1/60/}}</ref>
* The [[Auckland Mounted Rifles Regiment|Auckland]],<ref>{{cite book|last=Nicol|first=C.G.|title=The Story of Two Campaigns: Official War History of the Auckland Mounted Rifles Regiment, 1914–1919|year=1921|location=Auckland|publisher=Wilson and Horton|isbn=1-84734-341-4|pages=239–240}}</ref> [[Canterbury Mounted Rifles Regiment|Canterbury]],<ref>{{cite book|last =Powles|first=Charles Guy|title=The History of the Canterbury Mounted Rifles 1914–1919|year=1928|publisher=Whitcombe and Tombs| location=Auckland| isbn=978-1-84734-393-2|page=248}}</ref> and [[Wellington Mounted Rifles Regiment]]s were disbanded after leaving the [[Suez Canal]] for [[New Zealand]].<ref>{{cite book| last=Wilkie| first=A. H.| title=Official War History of the Wellington Mounted Rifles Regiment, 1914–1919| publisher=Whitcombe and Tombs| year=1924| location=Auckland| isbn=978-1-84342-796-4| page=240}}</ref>
* The [[33rd Division (United Kingdom)|33rd Infantry Division]] of the [[British Army]] was disbanded.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Baker |first1=Chris |title=33rd Division |url=http://www.longlongtrail.co.uk/army/order-of-battle-of-divisions/33rd-division/ |website=The Long, Log Trail |access-date=20 November 2018}}</ref>
* The [[Tottenham Royal Engineers]] of the [[British Army]] was disbanded.<ref>Graham E. Watson & Richard A. Rinaldi, ''The Corps of Royal Engineers: Organization and Units 1889–2018'', Tiger Lily Books, 2018, {{ISBN|978-171790180-4}}, p. 41/</ref>
* The [[100th Aero Squadron|100th]],<ref>Series "E", Volume 15, History of the 97th-102d Aero Squadrons. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.</ref> [[186th Aero Squadron|186th]],<ref>Series "E", Volume 20, Pages 231-233, History of the 186th Aero Squadron. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.</ref> [[213th Aero Squadron|213th]],<ref>Order of Battle of the United States Land Forces in the First World War, Volume 3, Part 3, Center of Military History, United States Army, 1949 (1988 Reprint)</ref> and [[354th Aero Squadron]]s of the [[United States Army Air Service]] were disbanded at [[Roosevelt Field (airport)|Hazelhurst Field]] in [[Mineola, New York]].<ref>Series "E", Volume 22, History of the 222d-374th Aero Squadrons. Gorrell's History of the American Expeditionary Forces Air Service, 1917–1919, National Archives, Washington, D.C.</ref>
* The Eastlake Avenue Bridge in [[Seattle]] was renamed [[University Bridge (Seattle)|University Bridge]]. It was opened earlier in the year to traffic.<ref>Myra L. Phelps, Public Works in Seattle: A Narrative History: the Engineering Department, 1875-1975 (Seattle: Seattle Engineering Department, 1978)</ref>
* [[Conrad Veidt]] starred in his first noteworthy film ''[[Different from the Others]]'' opposite [[Reinhold Schünzel]], written, produced and directed by [[Richard Oswald]]. Its open stance against [[Paragraph 175|German laws against homosexuality]] made it one of the first pro-gay films released.<ref>{{Cite book | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kwWjAwAAQBAJ |title=Gay Berlin: Birthplace of a Modern Identity |last=Beachy |first=Robert |date=18 Nov 2014 |publisher=[[Vintage Books]] | isbn=978-0-307-47313-4 |page=166}}</ref>
* '''Born:''' [[Ed Yost]], American inventor, developed the modern [[hot air balloon]], in [[Bristow, Iowa]] (d. [[2007 in the United States|2007]]); [[Din Joe Buckley]], Irish [[Gaelic football]] player, [[Gaelic football, hurling and camogie positions|left corner-back]] for the [[Glen Rovers GAA|Glen Rovers]] from 1938 to 1949, in [[Blackpool, Cork]], Ireland (d. [[2009]])
* '''Died:''' [[John William Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh|John William Strutt]], English physicist, recipient of the [[Nobel Prize in Physics]] for the discovery of [[argon]] and the concept of [[Rayleigh scattering]] (b. [[1842]]); [[Vladimir Guerrier]], Russian historian, promoter of academic education for women, founder of the [[Moscow State Pedagogical University]] (b. [[1837]])

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Events by month links}}

[[Category:June|1919]]
[[Category:1919|*1919-06]]
[[Category:Months in the 1910s|*1919-06]]