View source for KiHa 35

{{short description|Diesel multiple unit train type}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2022}}
{{More citations needed|date=March 2019}}
{{Infobox train
| background = 
| name = KiHa 35 series<br />KiHa 30<br />KiHa 36
| image = Kantou railway kiha350.jpg
| imagesize = 320px
| caption = KiHa 35 DMU
| service = 1961&ndash;present (Japan) <br> 2015–present (Philippines) <br/>
| manufacturer = [[Fuji Heavy Industries]], [[Niigata Transys|Niigata Tekkō]], [[Nippon Sharyo]], [[Teikoku Sharyō]], and [[Tokyu Car Corporation]]
| factory = 
| family = 
| replaced = 
| successor = [[103 series]], [[205 series]], [[209 series]], [[KiHa 40]], [[KiHa E130 series]], [[PNR_8000_class|PNR 8000 Class]], [[PNR_8300_class|PNR 8300 Class]] (Bicol Commuter services)
| yearconstruction = 1961&ndash;1966
| yearservice = 1961
| refurbishment = 1987&ndash;1992 (Kanto Railway) <br/> 1999 (Aizu Railway) <br/> 2019 (Philippine National Railways) <br/>
| yearscrapped = 1983&ndash;
| numberconstruction = 
| numberbuilt = 410 vehicles
| numberservice = 2 vehicles ({{as of|2021|lc=y}}) in Japan <br> 2 vehicles (1 locomotive-hauled set) ({{as of|April 2021|lc=y}}) in the Philippines <ref name="Bicol Commuter Train in April 2021">{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=db2ADlS5WBg|title=the train passed quickly|website=YouTube|date=April 6, 2021|access-date=April 25, 2021}}</ref> <br/>
| numberpreserved = 11 vehicles
| numberscrapped = 
| formation = 1/2/3/4/5/6 cars per trainset (JNR/JR Group)<br />2/3 cars per trainset (Kanto Railway)<br />2 cars per trainset (PNR)<br/> 1 car per set (Aizu Railway & Mizushima Rinkai Railway) <br/>
| fleetnumbers = 
| capacity = 
| operator = [[JNR]] (1961&ndash;1987)<br />[[JR Central]] (1987&ndash;1989)<br>[[JR East]] (1987&ndash;2012)<br />[[JR West]] (1987&ndash;2001)<br /> [[JR Shikoku]] (1987&ndash;1991)<br />[[JR Kyushu]] (1987&ndash;1991)<br />[[Kanto Railway]] (1986&ndash;2011)<br/> [[Aizu Railway]] (1999&ndash;2009) <br/>[[Mizushima Rinkai Railway]] (2014&ndash;present)<br />[[Philippine National Railways]] (2015&ndash;present)
| depots = {{STN|Kisarazu}}, {{stn|Tutuban}}, {{stnlnk|Naga}}
| lines = [[PNR Metro South Commuter]], PNR Bicol Commuter, [[Hachiko Line]], [[Jōsō Line]], [[Kawagoe Line]], [[Kururi Line]], [[Isumi Line]], [[Sagami Line]], [[Yahiko Line]], [[Echigo Line]],  [[Sobu Main Line]], [[Sotobo Line]], [[Uchibo Line]], [[Narita Line]], [[Kashima Line]], [[Sanin Main Line]], [[Kisei Main Line]], [[Kusatsu Line]], [[Nara Line]], [[Wakayama Line]], [[Kansai Main Line]], [[Sakurai Line]], [[Katamachi Line]], [[Wadamisaki Line]], [[Chikuhi Line]], [[Aizu Line]], [[Mizushima Main Line]]
| carbody = Steel
| trainlength = 
| carlength = {{convert|20,000|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| width = {{convert|2,929|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}
| height = 
| floorheight = 
| platformheight = 
| entrylevelorstep = 
| doors = 3 per side
| maxspeed = 
| weight = 
| acceleration = 
| deceleration = 
| traction = 
| engine = DMH17 diesel engine (All units)<br />DMF14-HZ (Kururi Line units)
| poweroutput = 
| transmission = 
| aux = 
| powersupply = 
| hvac = 
| bogies = 
| brakes = 
| safety = 
| coupling = 
| multipleworking = Various DMUs in Japan <br> PNR 5000 Class <br> PNR 2500 Class <br/>
| gauge = {{track gauge|1067mm|lk=on}}
}}

The {{nihongo|'''KiHa 35 series'''|キハ35}}, along with the similar '''KiHa 30''' and '''KiHa 36''' series, are Japanese [[diesel multiple unit]] (DMU) train types formerly operated by the Japanese National Railways (JNR) and JR Group of companies, and later operated by the private railway operators [[Kanto Railway]] and Mizushima Rinkai Railway. They were built from 1961 until 1966, and were widely used around Japan. Most units were withdrawn in 2012 with the exception of those used by private railways, which remained in service. Some were later operated by [[Philippine National Railways]] on Bicol Commuter Train since 2015, and on [[PNR Metro Commuter Line|Metro South Commuter]] services since 2017.

==History==
About 410 cars were built from 1961 to 1966.<ref name="mynavi21102012">{{cite web |last=Matsuo |first=Kazuto |url=https://news.mynavi.jp/article/retrospective-64/ |title=キハ35系にキハ10系も! 国鉄形気動車が元気だった頃 |trans-title=KiHa 35 series and KiHa 10 series! When the JNR railcars were in good shape |language=ja |date=21 October 2012 |website=news.mynavi.jp |publisher=Mynavi Corporation |access-date=4 March 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190304111514/https://news.mynavi.jp/article/retrospective-64/ |archive-date=4 March 2019 |url-status=live }}</ref>

After about 50 years of service, they were replaced by newer railcars. The last units, 30 62, 30 98 and 30 100, were withdrawn from service in December 2012. The units used on [[Kururi Line]] services were withdrawn on 1 December 2012,<ref name="railfan02122012">{{cite web |url=https://railf.jp/news/2012/12/02/135000.html |title=久留里線でキハ30・キハ37・キハ38の運転終了 |trans-title=End of Kuha 30, Kiha 37, Kiha 38 at Kururi Line |date=2 December 2012|work=Japan Railfan Magazine Online |publisher=Koyusha Co., Ltd. |location=Japan |language=ja |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190304114140/https://railf.jp/news/2012/12/02/135000.html |archive-date=4 March 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref> and were replaced by [[KiHa E130 series]] units.<ref name="mynavi21102012"/>

==Variants==
Multiple variants of the KiHa 35 were built, like the KiHa 30 and KiHa 36.<ref name="mynavi21102012"/> The KiHa 35 Series were built to a single cab design, and has toilets, while the KiHa 30 series were built to a double cab design without toilets.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}

[[File:1993-08-15-kiha30-82.JPG|thumb|Double cab KiHa 30 in August 1993]]
[[File:Kantou railway kiha350.jpg|thumb|Single cab KiHa 35 in October 2011]]

==Specifications==
The car bodies are made of steel, with a length of {{convert|20,000|mm|ftin|abbr=on}} and a width of {{convert|2,929|mm|ftin|abbr=on}}. Stainless steel construction is used for some sub-variants. They are fitted with Cummins DMH17 diesel engines. The Kururi Line units used DMF14-HZ engines.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}}

==Overseas operations==
===Philippine National Railways===
[[File:PNR Naga Station platform, train (Tabuco, Naga, Camarines Sur; 04-15-2023).jpg|thumb|PNR KiHa 350 Set 3 in its current livery]]

In September 2015, six former Kantō Railway Joso Line KiHa 35 railcars were transferred to [[Philippine National Railways]] for use on Bicol Commuter and Metro Commuter services. On 14 and 16 September 2015, KiHa 350 Set 1<ref name="PNR KiHa 350 Set 1 bound for Naga in September 14, 2015">{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=whhCv0SRKYM|title=Throwback Thursday – PNR KiHa 350 (キハ 350) Set 1 @ Sta. Mesa Station|website=YouTube|date=February 16, 2017|access-date=April 25, 2021}}</ref> and Set 2<ref name="PNR KiHa 350 Set 2 bound for Naga in September 16, 2015">{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KRpTH7XGRww|title=KiHa キハ350 3511 358 passing after dela rosa railxing|website=YouTube|date=September 16, 2015|access-date=April 25, 2021}}</ref> were sent to Naga to serve the Bicol Commuter Line.

They are divided into three two-car sets.

{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Set 1
| 353 || 354
|-
! Set 2
| 3511 || 358
|-
! Set 3
| 3519 || 3518
|}

Sets 1 and 2 started commercial operation in September 2015 and served the Naga–Legaspi route of the Bicol Commuter Line in the [[Bicol Region]].<ref name="Naga-Legazpi-Naga Bicol Commuter Line Inauguration – September 18, 20152">{{Cite web|date=September 18, 2015|title=PNR Naga – Legazpi|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QrOlg2tcZ1I|access-date=April 25, 2021|website=YouTube}}</ref> Because of the steep slopes on the line, they are now pulled by a locomotive.{{citation needed|date=April 2019}}

The third formation (KiHa 3519-3518) was stored at Tayuman shed and is used as a spare car from 2015 to 2017. After two years, it entered service in September 2017, but it takes only one or two round trips a day because of its existence as a spare car.<ref name="2427junction">{{cite web |author=<!--not stated--> |url=http://2427junction.com/phlpnrcar350stt.html |title=元 関東鉄道キハ350形運行状況 |trans-title=Former Kanto Railway KiHa 350 operation status |language=ja |website=2427junction.com |access-date=12 April 2019}}</ref>{{Unreliable source?|date=April 2019}}

On 1 August 2018, PNR KiHa 350 Set 3 was used for the soft opening of the Caloocan-Dela Rosa Line.<ref name="PNR KiHa 350 Set 3 at the Caloocan-Dela Rosa Inaugural Soft-opening Run">{{Cite web|date=August 1, 2018|title=PNR Caloocan-Dela Rosa Inaugural Ride Part 1 – Glamour after 20 years|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0P3_UgA6Da8|access-date=April 25, 2021|website=YouTube}}</ref>

In 2019, PNR KiHa 350 Set 3 was given a new livery with the use of sticker-wrap and its windows got replaced with polycarbonate panels, removing the need of window grills.<ref name="PNR KiHa 350 Set 3's new look in 2019">{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ajy1eDncDRA|title=PNR KiHa 350 ( キハ350 ) Set 3 in new livery at Sta. Mesa Station|website=YouTube|date=October 20, 2019|access-date=April 25, 2021}}</ref> On 16 October 2020, DEL 5009 hauled KiHa 350 Set 3 on its transfer to Naga, Camarines Sur, Bicol. Set 3's purpose of transfer to Naga is to serve the Bicol Commuter Line.<ref name="PNR KiHa 350 Set 3's transfer to Bicol in October 20202">{{Cite web|date=October 16, 2020|title=PNR DEL 5009 Hauling KiHa 350 Set 3 a.k.a KiHa White bound for Naga|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4kAut1gh9YQ|access-date=April 25, 2021|website=YouTube}}</ref> Set 3 has been servicing the Bicol Commuter Line ever since it went to Naga in 2020.<ref name="BCT2021">{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2YG6qze7je0|title=PNR 5007 and Kiha 350 Crossing In Naga City Both With New Liveries (Bicol Commuter Train)|website=YouTube|date=January 5, 2021|access-date=February 22, 2021}}</ref>

==Resale==
===Aizu Railway===
In 1999, [[Aizu Railway]] bought a surplus diesel vehicle from JR East's KiHa 30-18 which was supposedly to be scrapped in 1996 to be modified & converted as a sightseeing diesel car and reclassified as AT-300 series rolling stock. It was remodeled inside [[Niigata (city)|Niigata]], Japan into chartered-type train which attract tourists to generate better income due to the number of passengers decreased due to the economic slowdown in the late 1990s and the impact on the local economy was large, so it was necessary to take measures to increase transportation demand, such as Okawa Valley It was planned to introduce additional trains for the purpose of appreciating the scenery along the railroad . Due to the business situation of the Aizu Railway, it was difficult to introduce sightseeing vehicles on its own. It appeared as Japan's first self-propelled minecart. It started operation on April 29, 1999, and in the first year it was operated with AT-300 series and AT-150 series coupled together with the same paint livery so that the passengers could evacuate in case of rain, The AT-103 series was also remodeled from July 2000 as a two-car train to be coupled with the AT-103 series . However, The AT-400 series was introduced as a "Oza Toro Train" from 2003 as an observation vehicle as a "Torokko train" of the three-car train was added to Aizuwakamatsu – Aizukōgen-Ozeguchi Station was operated between  July 12, 2003, where  the 13th day express Abukuma been headed over to, Hobara Station – Tsukinoki Station. It was operated two round trips each day. But in 2009, it was replaced by AT-350 series and is currently stored in the Ashinomaki Onsen Station as of now.

===Kanto Railway===
Kanto Railway's former JR East KiHa 30/35 railcars were renumbered from 1988 to 1993.

'''KiHa 35 (1988–93)'''

{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Former body No. !! New body No.
|-
| KiHa 36-28 || KiHa 351
|-
| KiHa 35-182 || KiHa 352
|-
| KiHa 35-183 || KiHa 353
|-
| KiHa 35–190 || KiHa 354
|-
| KiHa 36-30 || KiHa 355
|-
| KiHa 36-26 || KiHa 356
|-
| KiHa 36-15 || KiHa 357
|-
| KiHa 35–113 || KiHa 358
|-
| KiHa 35–169 || KiHa 359
|-
| KiHa 35–121 || KiHa 3510
|-
| KiHa 35-187 || KiHa 3511
|-
| KiHa 35–148 || KiHa 3512
|-
| KiHa 35-191 || KiHa 3513
|-
| KiHa 35–150 || KiHa 3514
|-
| KiHa 35-193 || KiHa 3515
|-
| KiHa 35-188 || KiHa 3516
|-
| KiHa 35–59 || KiHa 3517
|-
| KiHa 36-17 || KiHa 3518
|-
| KiHa 35–163 || KiHa 3519
|-
| KiHa 35–134 || KiHa 3520
|-
| KiHa 35–170 || KiHa 3521
|-
| KiHa 35–165 || KiHa 3522
|-
| KiHa 35–81 || KiHa 3523
|}

'''KiHa 30 (1988–89)'''

{|class="wikitable"
|-
! Former Body No. !! New Body No. 
|-
| KiHa 30-16 || KiHa 301
|-
| KiHa 30–43 || KiHa 302
|-
| KiHa 30–50 || KiHa 303
|-
| KiHa 30-7  || KiHa 304
|-
| KiHa 30–54 || KiHa 305
|-
| KiHa 30–55 || KiHa 306
|-
| KiHa 30–94 || KiHa 307
|-
| KiHa 30–95 || KiHa 308
|-
| KiHa 30–86 || KiHa 309
|-
| KiHa 30–90 || KiHa 3010
|-
| KiHa 30–56 || KiHa 3011
|-
| KiHa 30-23 || KiHa 3012
|-
| KiHa 30–96 || KiHa 3013
|-
| KiHa 30–49 || KiHa 3014
|-
| KiHa 30-29 || KiHa 3015
|-
| KiHa 30-25 || KiHa 3016
|}

===Mizushima Rinkai Railway===
In 2014, The KiHa 30 98 and 30 100 were transferred to the [[Mizushima Rinkai Railway]],<ref name="railfan10072013">{{cite web |url=https://railf.jp/news/2013/07/10/150000.html |title=キハ30，キハ37，キハ38の6両が水島臨海鉄道へ |trans-title=6 KiHa 30, KiHa 37, KiHa 38 to Mizushima Rinkai Railway |date=10 July 2013 |work=Japan Railfan Magazine Online |publisher=Koyusha Co., Ltd. |location=Japan |language=ja |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190304120149/https://railf.jp/news/2013/07/10/150000.html |archive-date=4 March 2019 |url-status=live |access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref> where they entered service from 12 May 2014.<ref name="mizurin14042014">{{cite web |url=http://www.mizurin.co.jp/info_detail/index/38.html |script-title=ja:「キハ37、38、30形式」の運転開始について |trans-title=Start of KiHa 30 / 37 / 38 operations |date=14 April 2014 |website=mizurin.co.jp |publisher=Mizushima Rinkai Railway news release |location=Japan |language=ja |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190304121119/http://www.mizurin.co.jp/info_detail/index/38.html |archive-date=4 March 2019 |access-date=4 March 2019}}</ref>

==Preserved examples==
[[File:JNR-Kiha35901-01.jpg|thumb|KiHa 35 preserved at the Usui Pass Railway Heritage Park in April 2011]]
[[File:Isumi railway kiha 30 62.JPG|thumb|KiHa 30 preserved at Kuniyoshi Station in March 2013]]
Three KiHa 30 and 35 railcars are preserved in the following areas.

*'''KiHa 35-901''': Preserved at the [[Usui Pass Railway Heritage Park]].
*'''KiHa 35–70''': Preserved at Nikko-shi, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan.
*'''KiHa 30–62''': Preserved at the Isumi Railway [[Kuniyoshi Station]] in Chiba Prefecture, Japan.

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:PNRKiha350interior.jpg|Interior
File:Kanto Railway Kiha358.JPG|Kanto Railway KiHa 35 (3511-358) at Mitsukaido Depot in November 2007
File:DC35-212.jpg|KiHa 35-212 at Gumma-Fujioka Station in 1991
File:Kiha 35 196 at Takaoka Station.jpg|KiHa 35-196 at Takaoka Station in April 1987
File:Kanto Railway Kiha3518.JPG|Kanto Railway KiHa 35 (3518-3519) at Mitsukaido Depot in November 2007

</gallery>

==References==
{{CC-notice|cc=bysa3|url=https://locomotive.fandom.com/wiki/KiHa_35_series|author=Grunty89}}
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category|JNR Kiha 35 series}}
{{JR East EMU}}
{{JR Central EMU}}
{{JR-West rolling stock}}
{{JR Shikoku trainsets}}
{{JR Kyushu rolling stock}}
{{Rolling Stock of the Philippines}}
{{PNR Rolling Stocks}}

[[Category:Train-related introductions in 1961]]
[[Category:Diesel multiple units of Japan]]
[[Category:Japanese National Railways]]
[[Category:East Japan Railway Company]]
[[Category:Central Japan Railway Company]]
[[Category:West Japan Railway Company]]
[[Category:Shikoku Railway Company]]
[[Category:Kyushu Railway Company]]
[[Category:Philippine National Railways]]
[[Category:Diesel multiple units of the Philippines]]
[[Category:Nippon Sharyo multiple units]]
[[Category:Tokyu Car multiple units]]
[[Category:Fuji rolling stock]]
[[Category:Teikoku Sharyo rolling stock]]
[[Category:Niigata Transys rolling stock]]