View source for Lady Kinnaird (1877)

{{Short description|Barque built in 1877 at Dundee, Scotland}}
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{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2014}}
{{Use Australian English|date= December 2014}}
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|Ship image= Port Neill Lady Kinnaird anchor.jpg
|Ship caption= ''Lady Kinnaird'' anchor on the foreshore at [[Port Neill]]
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|Ship name= '''''Lady Kinnaird'''''
|Ship operator= W.B. Ritchie<ref>Mathew, 1878, page 75</ref>
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|Ship builder= Brown & Simpson<ref name=ANSD>ANSD, 2014</ref><ref name=Wrecksite>The Wrecksite, 2014</ref>
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|Ship homeport= [[Dundee]]<ref name=ANSD/><ref>Mathew, 1878, page 73</ref>
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|Ship fate= Ran aground near Cape Burr on 21 January 1880
|Ship notes=Historic shipwreck<ref name=SAGG>SAGG, 1983,page 885</ref>
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|Ship type=[[Barque]]<ref name= SouthAustralianRegister/>
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|Ship tons burthen=680 <ref name= SouthAustralianRegister>The South Australian Register, 1880, page 5</ref>
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'''''Lady Kinnaird''''' was a three masted [[barque]] which was built in 1877 at [[Dundee]], [[Scotland]] by Brown & Simpson for W.B. Ritchie. She operated between the [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]] and the [[Australian Colonies|Australian colonies]].  She was lost after running [[Ship grounding|aground]] in [[Spencer Gulf]] south of [[Cape Burr]] on the east coast of [[Eyre Peninsula]] in [[South Australia]] early on 21 January 1880.  Her main anchor was recovered from her wreck site in 1979 and was placed on display in the nearby town of [[Port Neill]] in January 1880 as part of the commemoration of the centenary of her loss.

==Origins==
''Lady Kinnaird'' was built at [[Dundee]] in 1877 by Brown & Simpson for W.B. Ritchie.  She was of iron construction and had three masts.<ref name=ANSD/><ref name=Wrecksite/><ref name= SouthAustralianRegister/>  She was reported as having at least one [[sister ship]] - ''Lord Kinnaird''.<ref>{{cite web|title= Shipping intelligence|url= http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article43107691|publisher= South Australian Register |date=22 April 1880|page= 4 |access-date=1 December 2014}}</ref>

==Career==
''Lady Kinnaird'' had a career sailing between ports in the United Kingdom and ports in the Australian colonies which was shortened by her loss after running aground on 21 January 1880.  On all of her voyages, the master was Alexander Laws.
{| class="wikitable"
! scope="col" width="150px" |Date
! Description of voyage
|-
| 11 April 1877
| Depart [[Dundee]] for [[Adelaide]] under the command of Laws, arrive 17 July 1877 with cargo with total declared value of £7,800.  The ship's carpenter, John Braumer, was lost when he ‘was washed overboard during a heavy gale whilst crossing the [[Southern Ocean]].’<ref>{{cite web|title=Shipping News, British News, Departures for Adelaide|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article90879899|publisher=South Australian Chronicle and Weekly Mail|access-date=2 December 2014|pages=2–3|date=26 May 1877}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Shipping intelligence|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article40791285|publisher=South Australian Register|access-date=2 December 2014|page=4|date=18 July 1877}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Miscellaneous|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article92775400|publisher=[[The Northern Argus]]|access-date=3 December 2014|page=3|date=20 July 1877}}</ref>
|-
|14 September 1877 
|Depart Adelaide for [[London]] with a cargo of 1,058 bales of wool, arrive 1 January 1878<ref>{{cite web|title=Wool and tallow|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article90945538|publisher=South Australian Chronicle and Weekly Mail|access-date=2 December 2014|page=3|date=6 October 1877}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Shipping news|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article159444788|publisher=[[Adelaide Observer]]|access-date=2 December 2014|page=2|date=15 September 1877}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Shipping. London, January 1|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article28397391|publisher=[[Sydney Morning Herald]]|access-date=2 December 2014|page=5|date=5 January 1878}}</ref>
|-
|3 March 1878 
|Depart for [[Brisbane]], arrive 20 June 1878<ref>{{cite web|title=Shipping, arrivals|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article1372947|publisher=The Brisbane Courier|access-date=2 December 2014|page=4|date=22 June 1878}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Shipping Intelligence, Port of Brisbane|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5937245|publisher=The Argus|access-date=2 December 2014|page=6|date=22 June 1878}}</ref>
|-
|16 July 1878 
|Depart for [[Newcastle, New South Wales|Newcastle]] in ballast under the command of Laws, arrive 21 July 1878<ref>{{cite web|title=Shipping, departures|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article1373408|publisher=The Brisbane Courier|access-date=2 December 2014|page=2|date=11 July 1878}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Shipping, Port of Newscastle|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article136041194|publisher=[[Newcastle Herald|Newcastle Morning Herald & Miners' Advocate]]|access-date=2 December 2014|page=2|date=22 July 1878}}</ref>
|-
|6 August 1878 
|Depart for [[Manila]] with a cargo of 295 tons of coal, arrive 6 October 1878<ref>{{cite web|title=Departures|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article13424859|publisher=The Sydney Morning Herald|access-date=2 December 2014|page=8|date=15 August 1878}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=Foreign Shipping Intelligence (by submarine cable)|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article5922574|publisher=The Argus|page=5|date=27 November 1878}}</ref>
|-
| not known
|Depart Manilla for the United Kingdom.
|-
|18 July 1879 
|Depart from [[Liverpool]] for Adelaide under the command of Laws, arrived 24 October 1879 with three passengers and cargo.<ref>{{cite web|title=Shipping Intelligence|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article43097218|publisher=South Australian Register|page=4|date=25 October 1879}}</ref>
|-
|15 December 1879 
|Depart for [[Port Pirie]]<ref>{{cite web|title=Shipping intelligence|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article43091789|publisher=South Australian Register|access-date=2 December 2014|page=4|date=16 December 1879}}</ref>
|-
|19 January 1880 
|Depart Port Pirie for London with a cargo of wheat, run aground near Cape Burr early on 21 January 1880<ref name= SouthAustralianRegister/>
|-
|}

==The wrecking event ==
''Lady Kinnaird'', under the command of Laws, left Port Pirie at 4.00 am on 19 January 1880 bound for the United Kingdom with a cargo about 8400 bags of wheat, being shipped on behalf of [[John Darling & Son]].  During the afternoon of 20 January, the wind direction changed to the south along with an increase in speed. At 8.00 pm, the wind conditions were described as ‘furious squalls’. The barque continued its course into the southerly wind. At about midnight, when about to do a planned change of course to the east or the southeast, it was discovered that the barque was close to the west coast of Spencer Gulf.  As the barque did not respond to a change of course, the main anchor was released but its cable failed and before a second anchor could be released, the barque ran aground. At sunrise, the crew realised that the barque had run aground south of Cape Burr about {{convert|0.75|mile|abbr=off}} from the shore. The crew exited the wrecked vessel without loss of life and made way in lifeboats to the nearby shore where a camp was set up.<ref name=SAC6Mar1880>South Australian Chronicle and Weekly Mail, 6 March 1880, page 5</ref><ref name=SAR27Jan1880>South Australian Register, 27 January 1880, page6</ref><ref>BIA, 2005, page 213</ref>

==Aftermath==
The Marine Board of South Australia held an inquiry in the loss of the barque and on 9 February 1880, found the master, Alexander Laws, to be negligent. A further inquiry presided over by four magistrates was convened where evidence from expert witnesses was heard.  On 25 February 1880, the inquiry found Captain Laws not guilty of the charge of negligence.<ref>{{cite web|title=The loss of the Lady Kinnaird (hearing of 23 February 1880)|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article95043930|publisher=South Australian Register|access-date=3 December 2014|page=9|date=28 February 1880}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title=The loss of the Lady Kinnaird (hearing of 25 February 1880)|url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article95043932|publisher=South Australian Register|access-date=3 December 2014|page=9|date=28 February 1880}}</ref>

Timber recovered from the wreck site is reported as being used to build a water store known as Lady Kinnaird Tanks which adjoined the current alignment of [[Lincoln Highway, South Australia|Lincoln Highway]] about {{convert|6.6|km|abbr=off}} north of Port Neill.<ref>{{cite web|title=Search results for "Lady Kinnaird Tanks, MONU"|url=http://maps.sa.gov.au/plb/#|publisher=[[Department for Infrastructure and Transport|Department of Planning Transport & Infrastructure]]|date=26 April 2005|access-date=2 December 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012010923/http://maps.sa.gov.au/plb/|archive-date=12 October 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref>

In 1911, the submerged rock (known as Lady Kinnaird Rock in some sources) which the ''Lady Kinnaird'' ran aground on was discovered and marked with a buoy.  At [[low water]], it was reported that the minimum depth of water above the rock was {{convert|1|fathom|abbr=off}} while the published [[Nautical chart|chart]] advised a depth of {{convert|6|fathom|abbr=off}}.  The buoy subsequently ‘disappeared’ in 1922 and was not replaced.<ref>{{cite web|title= Notice to Mariners, Spencer Gulf, Cape Burr |url= http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article12483983|publisher= Daily Herald |date=26 July 1912|page= 2|access-date=2 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|title= Notice to Mariners, Spencer Gulf - Cape Burr |url= http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article159698380|publisher= Daily Commercial News & Shipping List|date=12 July 1922|page= 5|access-date=3 December 2014}}</ref>

== Recovery of the main anchor==
In 1978, [[recreational diving|recreational divers]] living in Port Neil contacted the [[Society for Underwater Historical Research]] (SUHR) for advice about and for possible assistance with the raising of the main anchor from the wreck site and conserving it for public display as part of the commemorations planned for the centenary of the loss of the barque in 1980. In November 1978, the SUHR and local divers surveyed the wreck and located the anchor in {{convert|11|m|abbr=off}} depth of water.  In March 1979, the SUHR and local divers lifted the main anchor from the wreck site and moved it to shallower water within {{convert|100|m|abbr=off}} of the beach at Port Neill. In June 1979, the anchor towed ashore and lifted by mobile crane into a tank made of concrete built into the ground specifically for the purpose of conserving the anchor. On 20 January 1980, the conserved anchor was unveiled on a public reserve on the foreshore at Port Neil in front of a crowd estimated as being more than 800 people.<ref name=Hale9>Hale, 1980, page 9</ref><ref name=SUHR1979>SUHR, 1979, pages 28-29</ref><ref name=SUHR1980>SUHR, 1980, page 38</ref>

==The present day==
The wreck site was declared a historic shipwreck under the ''Historic Shipwrecks Act 1981 (SA)'' during April 1983.<ref name=SAGG/>  The wreck site is officially located at {{coord|34|7|48|S|136|21|36|E|display=inline,title}}.<ref name=ANSD/>  Since 1998, the main anchor has been on the register of local heritage places maintained by the [[District Council of Tumby Bay]] on the basis that it is ‘a notable landmark in the area.’<ref>{{cite web|title= Heritage Places, Lady Kinnard Anchor|url= http://apps.planning.sa.gov.au/HeritageSearch/HeritageItem.aspx?p_heritageno=16568 |publisher= Department of Environment, Water and Natural Resources 2014 |access-date=1 December 2014}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of shipwrecks of Australia]]
*[[List of shipwrecks in 1880]]

==Citations==
{{reflist|2}}

==References==
*{{Citation | author1=Boating Industry Association of South Australia (BIA) | author2=South Australia. Department for Environment and Heritage | title=South Australia's waters an atlas & guide | publication-date=2005 | publisher=Boating Industry Association of South Australia| isbn=978-1-86254-680-6 }}
*{{cite web|title=Australian National Shipwreck Database (ANSD) - Lady Kinnaird |url= https://dmzapp17p.ris.environment.gov.au/shipwreck/public/wreck/wreck.do?key=5507|publisher= Commonwealth of Australia, Department of Environment|access-date=1 December 2014}}
*{{Citation | author1=Hale, Alan |title=The wreck of the Lady Kinnaird, January 21st 1880 | publication-date=1980 | publisher=Society for Underwater Historical Research | isbn=978-0-9597500-2-7 }}
*{{Citation | title= The Dundee Directory 1878-79, including Lochee, Broughty Ferry, Newport, Tayport, and the rural district in the vicinity of Dundee| publisher=Dundee printed and published by J.P. Mathew | url=https://archive.org/stream/dundeedirectory187879prin#page/n0/mode/1up| date=1878|access-date=30 November 2014 }}
*{{Citation | author1=Society for Underwater Historical Research (SUHR) | title=Annual report 1979| date=1979 | publisher= Society for Underwater Historical Research | issn=0157-7646 }}
*{{Citation | author1=Society for Underwater Historical Research (SUHR)| title=Annual report  1980| date=1980 | publisher= Society for Underwater Historical Research | issn=0157-7646 }}
*{{cite journal|title=Historic Shipwrecks Act 1981; Notice under Sections 5(1) & (2) - declaration of ''San Miguel'',  ''Marion'', ''Iron King'', ''City of Adelaide'' and ''Lady Kinnaird''|journal=South Australian Government Gazette (SAGG)|date=14 April 1983|page=885}}
*{{cite web|title= The Lady Kinnaird |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article43101536|publisher= South Australian Chronicle and Weekly Mail|date=6 March 1880|page= 5|access-date=3 December 2014}}
*{{cite web|title= The wreck of the Barque Lady Kinnaird|url= http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article43108676|publisher= The South Australian Register |date=26 January 1880|page= 5 |access-date=2 December 2014}}
*{{cite web|title= The Lady Kinnaird |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article43101536|publisher= South Australian Register|date=27 January 1880|page= 6|access-date=3 December 2014}}
*{{cite web|title= Brown & Simpson|url=http://www.wrecksite.eu/ownerBuilderView.aspx?346|publisher=The Wrecksite|access-date=2 December 2014}}

==External links==
*[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_-P3bPrgpBM Wreck of the Lady Kinnaird]

{{1880 shipwrecks}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lady Kinnaird (1877)}}
[[Category:Ships built in Dundee]]
[[Category:1877 ships]]
[[Category:Individual sailing vessels]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in January 1880]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks of South Australia]]
[[Category:Spencer Gulf]]