View source for Leahy-class cruiser

{{Short description|Missile-armed warship}}
{{refimprove|date=January 2013}}

{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image = [[File:USS Leahy (CG-16) at sea off San Diego, in May 1978.jpg|300px|USS Leahy, lead ship of her class]]
| Ship caption = USS ''Leahy'' (CG-16)
}}
{{Infobox ship class overview
| Name = ''Leahy'' class
| Builders = Several
| Operators = {{naval|United States}}
| Class before = {{sclass|Albany|cruiser|4}} (as Cruiser) {{nowrap begin}} {{sclass|Farragut|destroyer|4||1958}} (as Destroyer Leader) {{nowrap end}}
| Class after = {{sclass|Belknap|cruiser|4}}
| Subclasses = {{sclass|Bainbridge|cruiser|4}}
| Built range = 1959–1964
| In commission range = 1962–1995
| Total ships building = 
| Total ships planned = 
| Total ships completed = 9
| Total ships cancelled = 
| Total ships active = 0
| Total ships laid up = 
| Total ships lost = 
| Total ships retired = 9
| Total ships preserved = 
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
| Hide header = 
| Header caption = 
| Ship type = [[Guided-missile cruiser]]
| Ship displacement = 7,800 tons (full load)
| Ship length = {{convert|533|ft|m|abbr=on}}
| Ship beam = {{convert|55|ft|m|abbr=on}}
| Ship draught = 
| Ship draft = {{convert|26|ft|m|abbr=on}}
| Ship propulsion = {{Leahy cruiser propulsion}}
| Ship speed = {{convert|32|kn}}
| Ship range = {{convert|8,000|nmi|lk=in}} at {{convert|20|kn}}
| Ship complement = 
| Ship sensors = {{Leahy cruiser sensors}}
| Ship EW = *[[AN/SLQ-32]]
*[[Mark 36 SRBOC]]
| Ship armament = {{Leahy cruiser armament}}
| Ship armour = 
| Ship armor = 
| Ship aircraft = None
| Ship notes = 
}}
|}
'''''Leahy''-class cruisers''' were a class of [[guided missile cruiser|guided-missile cruiser]]s built for the [[United States Navy]]. They were originally designated as [[Destroyer leader|Destroyer Leaders]] (DLG), but in the [[United States Navy 1975 ship reclassification|1975 cruiser realignment]] they were reclassified as guided-missile cruisers (CG).

They were a new "double-ender" class fitted with [[RIM-2 Terrier|Terrier]] (later [[RIM-67 Standard|Standard ER]]) missile launchers fore and aft, and the first and only frigate class designed without a main gun battery for shore bombardment or ship-vs.-ship engagements—the gun armament was reduced in order to carry a larger missile load. One of the principal missions of these ships, like their predecessors the {{sclass|Farragut|destroyer (1958)|4}}, was to form part of the anti-air and antisubmarine screen for carrier task forces, while also controlling aircraft from the carrier by providing vectors to assigned targets.

The ships carried over the propulsion plant of the ''Farragut'' class, fitted into a longer hull designed with a knuckled “hurricane” bow that reduced plunging in a rough sea, thus keeping the forecastle dry as needed to operate the forward missile launcher. Other features included an expanded electrical plant and increased endurance. A major design innovation was the use of "[[mack (naval architecture)|macks]]"—combined masts and stacks—on which the radars could be mounted without smoke interference.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.aandc.org/research/cruisers/cr_navsea.html| title = A Historical Review of Cruiser Characteristics, Roles and Missions | publisher = Future Concepts And Surface Ship Design Group (05D), Naval Sea Systems Command, Department of the Navy | date = 28 March 2005 | access-date =29 May 2012 }}</ref>

==Description==
Designed under project [[Ship Characteristics Board|SCB 172]]{{R|"Friedman1"|page1=299-303}},  the first three ships were constructed at [[Bath Iron Works]], the next two at New York Shipbuilding Corp, and the rest at [[Puget Sound Bridge and Dredging Company|Puget Sound Bridge and Dry Dock Company]], [[Todd Pacific Shipyards|Todd Shipyards]], San Pedro, CA, [[San Francisco Naval Shipyard]] and [[Puget Sound Naval Shipyard]].

Modernizations were accomplished between 1967 and 1972 under SCB 244{{R|"Friedman1"|page1=304}}, upgrading air warfare capabilities. Nearly all modernizations were completed at [[Bath Iron Works]], but ''Leahy'' received the modernization at [[Philadelphia Naval Shipyard]] at a cost of $36.1 million.<ref>Jane's American fighting ships of the 20th century / compiled and edited by John Moore; preface by M. Staser Holcomb. New York, N.Y. Mallard Press, 1991. {{ISBN|0-7924-5626-2}}</ref>

All ''Leahy''-class ships were modernized again in the late 1980s [[New Threat Upgrade]] program. This program added advanced air search and track radars ([[AN/SPS-49]] and [[AN/SPS-48]]E), updated targeting radars ([[AN/SPG-55]]), and combat direction systems. The upgrade included massive remodeling of the ship from food service space rehabilitation to a main propulsion system overhaul.<ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/ship/cg-16.htm CG-16 Leahy class<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> Entire systems were removed and replaced, for example the [[AN/SPS-40]] air-search radar was replaced with the [[AN/SPS-49]] air-search radar. The upgrade was also quite expensive and the ships didn't serve much longer after the modification. For example, [[USS Gridley (DLG-21)|USS ''Gridley'' (CG-21)]] received NTU in 1991 at a cost of $55 million, but was decommissioned in early 1994.

The ''Leahy'' class (and near sisters of the {{sclass|Belknap|cruiser|4}}) were taken out of service in the early 1990s as part of the [[Clinton Administration]]'s desire to reduce defense spending in light of reduced tensions with Russia. The entire class was decommissioned between 1993 and 1995, stricken from the naval register, and transferred to the [[United States Maritime Administration|Maritime Administration (MARAD)]] for disposal.

===USS ''Bainbridge''===
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=[[File:USS Bainbridge (DLGN-25) underway at sea on 20 September 1962 (NH 98104).jpg|center|300px|USS Bainbridge (CGN-25)]]
|Ship caption=USS ''Bainbridge'' (CGN-25)
}}
{{Infobox ship class overview
|Name=''Bainbridge'' class 
|Namesake=
|Builders=Bethlehem Steel Corporation
|Operators={{navy|United States}}
|Class before=
|Class after=
|Subclasses=
|Built range=1959–1962
|In commission range=1962–1996
|Total ships building=
|Total ships planned=
|Total ships completed=1
|Total ships cancelled=
|Total ships active=0
|Total ships laid up=
|Total ships lost=
|Total ships retired=1
|Total ships preserved=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class=Guided missile cruiser
|Ship displacement=9100&nbsp;tons
|Ship length={{convert|172.1|m|ft|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|17.6|m|ft|abbr=on}}
| Ship draft = {{convert|29|ft|m|abbr=on}} (maximum
|Ship propulsion={{convert|60,000|shp|lk=in|abbr=on}}; 2 G.E. Reactors (D2G), Geared Turbines, 2 screws
|Ship speed={{convert|34|kn}}
|Ship range= Unlimited
|Ship complement=475
|Ship sensors=*1 AN/SPS-10 surface search RADAR<ref name="janes">Blackman, Raymond V. B. ''Jane's Fighting Ships'' (1970/71) p.430</ref>
*AN/SPS-37 search RADAR<ref name="janes"/>
*AN/SPS-52 3D air search RADAR<ref name="janes"/>
*4 [[AN/SPG-55]] Terrier fire control RADAR<ref name="janes"/><ref name="proceedings">Polmar, Norman "The U.S. Navy: Shipboard Radars" ''United States Naval Institute Proceedings'' December 1978 p.144</ref>
*AN/SQS-26 SONAR<ref name="janes"/>
|Ship EW=
|Ship armament=As ''Leahy'' class
|Ship armour=
|Ship armor=
|Ship aircraft=
|Ship notes=
}}
|}{{main|USS Bainbridge (CGN-25)}}
'''USS ''Bainbridge'' (CGN-25)''' was a [[Nuclear marine propulsion|nuclear-powered]] development of the ''Leahy''-class. Originally a [[guided missile|guided-missile]] [[destroyer leader]], the class was re-designated [[guided missile cruiser|guided-missile cruiser]] in 1975. As with [[Long Beach-class cruiser|USS ''Long Beach'' (CGN-9)]] and [[Enterprise-class aircraft carrier|USS ''Enterprise'' (CVN-65)]], ''Bainbridge'' was the only member of its single-ship class.

''Bainbridge'' was largely identical to the ''Leahy'' class{{R|"Friedman1"|page1=329}} except for the replacement of the conventional design's four {{gaps|1,200 lb/in<sup>2</sup>}} steam boilers with two [[D2G reactor]]s, and related increases in displacement, length and beam.{{R|"Friedman1"|page1=331}} ''Bainbridge''{{'}}s engineering department carried 7 officers and 156 enlisted men—respectively 3 and 42 more than a contemporary steam-powered vessel.{{R|"Friedman1"|page1=331}}

The lessons learned on ''Bainbridge'' were later adapted to the next nuclear-powered ship, {{USS|Truxtun|CGN-35}} and the {{sclass|California|cruiser|5}} and {{sclass|Virginia|cruiser|5}} classes of nuclear-powered cruiser.{{Citation needed|date=October 2012}}

==Ships in class==
{| class="sortable wikitable" 
! Name
! Pennant
! Builder
! Laid Down
! Launched 
! Commissioned
! Decommissioned
! Fate 
|-
!colspan=8|''Leahy''-class conventional cruiser
|-
|{{USS|Leahy|DLG-16|2}}
|CG-16
|rowspan=3|[[Bath Iron Works]], [[Bath, Maine|Bath]]
|3 December 1959
|1 July 1961
|4 August 1962
|1 October 1993
|Broken up at [[Brownsville, Texas|Brownsville]], 2005
|-
|{{USS|Harry E. Yarnell|CG-17|2}}
|CG-17
|31 May 1960
|9 December 1961
|2 February 1963
|29 October 1993
|Broken up at [[Philadelphia]], 2002
|-
|{{USS|Worden|CG-18|2}}
|CG-18
|9 September 1961
|2 June 1962
|3 August 1963
|1 October 1993
|Sunk as target, 17 June 2000
|-
|{{USS|Dale|DLG-19|2}}
|CG-19
|rowspan=2|[[New York Shipbuilding Corporation]], [[Camden, New Jersey|Camden]]
|6 September 1960
|28 June 1962
|23 November 1963
|27 September 1994
|Sunk as target, 6 April 2000
|-
|{{USS|Richmond K. Turner|CG-20|2}}
|CG-20
|9 January 1961
|6 April 1963
|13 June 1964
|13 April 1995
|Sunk as target, 9 August 1998
|-
|{{USS|Gridley|DLG-21|2}}
|CG-21
|[[Lockheed Shipbuilding and Construction Company]], [[Seattle]]
|15 July 1960
|31 July 1961
|25 May 1963
|21 January 1994
|Broken up at Brownsville, 2005
|-
|{{USS|England|DLG-22|2}}
|CG-22
|[[Vigor Shipyards|Todd Shipyards]], [[San Pedro, California|San Pedro]]
|4 October 1960
|6 March 1962
|7 December 1963
|21 January 1994
|Broken up at Brownsville, 2004
|-
|{{USS|Halsey|DLG-23|2}}
|CG-23
|[[San Francisco Naval Shipyard]]
|26 August 1960
|15 January 1962
|20 July 1963
|28 January 1994
|Broken up at Brownsville, 2003
|-
|{{USS|Reeves|DLG-24|2}}
|CG-24
|[[Puget Sound Naval Shipyard and Intermediate Maintenance Facility|Puget Sound Naval Shipyard]], [[Bremerton, Washington|Bremerton]]
|1 July 1960
|12 May 1962
|15 May 1964
|12 November 1993
|Sunk as target, 1 June 2001
|-
!colspan=8|''Bainbridge''-class nuclear powered cruiser
|-
|{{USS|Bainbridge|CGN-25|2}}
|CGN-25
|[[Bethlehem Steel|Bethlehem Steel Corporation]], [[Quincy, Massachusetts|Quincy]]
|5 May 1959
|15 April 1961
|6 October 1962
|13 September 1996
|Disposed of through [[Ship-Submarine Recycling Program]] at [[Bremerton, Washington|Bremerton]], 1999
|}

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:USS Worden (DLG-18) underway at high speed, in the 1960s.jpg|''Worden'' prior to modernization in late 1960s or early 1970s.
File:USS Gridley (DLG-21) underway at sea, in the 1960s.jpg|''Gridley'' after modernization, but prior to NTU.
File:USS Bainbridge (CGN-25) underway at sea, circa in 1991.jpg|''Bainbridge'' in 1991
</gallery>

==See also==
*[[List of United States Navy destroyer leaders]]
*[[List of United States Navy cruisers]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="Friedman1">{{citation
|first1=Norman
|last1=Friedman
|author1-link=Norman Friedman
|title=U.S. Destroyers: An Illustrated Design History
|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Tzp58htKLkEC <!--https://books.google.com/books?id=Tzp58htKLkEC-->
|access-date=October 13, 2012
|edition=revised, illustrated
|series=Illustrated Design Histories
|year=2004
|orig-year=1982
|publisher=[[Naval Institute Press]]
|location=Annapolis, MD, United States
|isbn=9781557504425
|oclc=51861947
|pages=327–334
|quote=The ''Bainbridge'' was essentially a nuclear version of the ''Leahy'' class.
}}</ref>
}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Leahy class cruiser}}
*[http://destroyerhistory.org/coldwar/leahyclass/ ''Leahy''-class frigates] at [https://web.archive.org/web/20090219202357/http://destroyerhistory.org/ Destroyer History Foundation]

{{Leahy-class cruiser}}

[[Category:Cruiser classes]]
[[Category:Leahy-class cruisers| ]]