View source for Linear city (Soria design)

{{Short description|1882 urban plan}}
{{More citations needed |date=July 2022}}

[[File:Ciudad lineal de Arturo Soria.jpg|thumb|The concept of Arturo Soria's linear city.]]
[[File:Ciudad Lineal-ca. 1910.jpg|thumb|The planning of [[Ciudad Lineal]] (1895-1910) published by [[Madrid Urbanization Company]].]]
[[File:Ciudad Lineal-perfil.jpg|thumb|Cross-section of a linear city, with wide highways with separate sections for vehicles, pedestrians and [[trams]].]]
The '''linear city''' is an [[urban planning|urban plan]] for an [[Linear settlement|elongated urban formation]] that was proposed by [[Arturo Soria y Mata]] in 1882.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Tufek-Memisevic |first1=T. |last2=Stachura |first2=E. |title=A linear city development under contemporary determinants |journal=Środowisko Mieszkaniowe |date=2015 |issue=14 |pages=190––195 |url=https://www.infona.pl/resource/bwmeta1.element.baztech-052d5671-bbd9-47d9-99d4-63b4c464a16c |access-date=18 May 2022 |language=English |issn=1731-2442}}</ref> The city would consist of a series of functionally specialized parallel sectors. Generally, the city would run parallel to a river and be built so that the dominant wind would blow from the residential areas to the industrial strip. The sectors of a linear city would be:

# a purely segregated zone for railway lines, 
# a zone of production and communal enterprises, with related scientific, technical and educational institutions, 
# a residential zone, including a band of social institutions, a band of residential buildings and a "children's band", 
# a park zone, 
# an agricultural zone with gardens and state-run farms (''[[sovkhoz]]y'' in the [[Soviet Union]]).{{clarify|This design originated decades before the USSR was formed, so why is this relevant here?|date=August 2022}}

As the city expanded, additional sectors would be added to the end of each band, so that the city would become ever longer, without growing wider.

The linear city design was first developed by [[Arturo Soria y Mata]] in [[Madrid]], [[Spain]] during the 19th century, but was promoted by the Soviet planner [[Nikolay Alexandrovich Milyutin]] in the late 1920s. Milyutin justified placing production enterprises and schools in the same band with [[Friedrich Engels|Engels]]' statement that "education and labour will be united".

[[Ernst May]], a famous [[Germany|German]] functionalist architect, formulated his initial plan for [[Magnitogorsk]], a new city in the Soviet Union, primarily following the model that he had established with his [[Frankfurt]] settlements: identical, equidistant five-story communal apartment buildings and an extensive network of dining halls and other public services.

==See also==
{{Commons category|Ciudad Lineal (1895-1910)}}
* [[Ivan Leonidov]]
* [[Ciudad Lineal]], a district in Madrid, planned as a linear city around the ''Arturo Soria'' avenue.
* [[Linear city (Graves and Eisenman design)]]
* [[The Line, Saudi Arabia]], a proposed linear city.
* [[Kryvyi Rih]], Ukraine
* [[Volgograd]], Russia
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==External links==
* [http://www.icaud.epoka.edu.al/res/1_ICAUD_Papers/1ICAUD2012_Danilo_Furundzic_B_Furundzic.pdf Infrastructure corridor as linear city]
* http://vietnamcayda.com/diendan/showthread.php?t=3618
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==References==
{{Reflist}}
{{Cities}}

[[Category:Urban geography]]
[[Category:Urban studies and planning terminology]]
[[Category:Constructivist architecture]]
[[Category:City layout models]]

[[ca:Traçat lineal]]