View source for MOL Comfort

{{short description|Container ship}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin |display title=ital}}
|+
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=Container ship APL Poland 2.jpg
|Ship caption=''APL Poland'', an identical sister ship of ''MOL Comfort''
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country=
|Ship flag=
|Ship name=* ''MOL Comfort'' (2012–2013)
* ''APL Russia'' (2008–2012)
|Ship owner=* Ural Container Carriers SA (2011–2013)<ref name="classnk">{{csr|register=CLASSNK|id=305153|shipname=MOL Comfort|accessdate=2013-06-18}}</ref><ref name="equasis">{{csr|register=E|id=9358761|shipname=MOL Comfort|accessdate=2013-06-18}}</ref>
* MOL Euro-Orient Shipping SA (2008–2011)<ref name="equasis"/>
|Ship operator=* [[Mitsui O.S.K. Lines|Mitsui O.S.K. Lines (MOL)]] (2012–2013)
* [[American President Lines|American President Lines (APL)]] (2008–2012)
|Ship registry=[[Nassau, Bahamas|Nassau]], {{flag|Bahamas|civil}}
|Ship route=
|Ship ordered=
|Ship builder=[[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries]], [[Nagasaki]], [[Japan]]
|Ship original cost=
|Ship yard number=2234
|Ship way number=
|Ship laid down=23 August 2007<ref name="classnk" />
|Ship launched=8 March 2008<ref name="classnk" />
|Ship completed=14 July 2008<ref name="classnk" />
|Ship maiden voyage=
|Ship in service=2008–2013
|Ship identification=* [[Maritime call sign|Call sign]]: C6XF2
* {{IMO number|9358761}}
* {{MMSI|311006900}}
|Ship fate=Broke in two on 17 June 2013. Stern section sank on 27 June and bow section on 11 July.
|Ship notes=
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class={{sclass2|MOL C|container ship}}
|Ship tonnage=* {{GT|86,692}}
* {{NetT|48,825}}
* {{DWT|90,613}}
|Ship length={{convert|316|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam={{convert|45.6|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship height=
|Ship draught={{convert|14.5|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship depth={{convert|25|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
|Ship power=Mitsubishi-[[Sulzer (manufacturer)|Sulzer]] [[Wärtsilä-Sulzer RTA96-C|11RT-flex96C]], {{cvt|62,920|kW|lk=on}}
|Ship propulsion=Single shaft; fixed-pitch propeller
|Ship speed={{convert|25.25|kn}}
|Ship range=
|Ship endurance=
|Ship capacity={{TEU|8,110}}
|Ship crew=26
|Ship notes=
}}
|}

'''''MOL Comfort''''' was a 2008-built [[Bahamas|Bahamian-flagged]] [[post-Panamax]] [[container ship]] chartered by [[Mitsui O.S.K. Lines]]. The vessel was [[Ceremonial ship launching|launched]] in 2008 as '''''APL Russia''''' and sailed under that name until 2012, when the ship was renamed to ''MOL Comfort''. On 17 June 2013, she broke in two about {{convert|200|nmi}} off the coast of [[Yemen]]. The aft section sank on 27 June and the bow section, after being destroyed by fire, on 11 July.

== General characteristics ==

With an [[length overall|overall length]] of {{convert|316|m|ftin}} long, moulded [[Beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{convert|45.6|m|ftin}} and fully laden [[Draft (hull)|draught]] of {{convert|14.5|m|ftin}}, ''MOL Comfort'' was too large to transit the [[Panama Canal]] and was thus referred to as a [[Panamax#Post-Panamax and Post-Neopanamax ships|post-Panamax]] [[container ship]]. She measured 86,692 in [[gross tonnage]] and 48,825 in [[net tonnage]], and had a [[deadweight tonnage]] of 90,613 tonnes. The container capacity of the ship, measured in [[twenty-foot equivalent unit]]s (TEU), was 8,110 of which 4,616 TEU is stored on the deck and 3,494 TEU in the [[Cargo hold|holds]].<ref name="classnk" />

Like most large container ships, ''MOL Comfort'' was propelled by a single low-speed two-stroke [[crosshead]] [[diesel engine]] coupled to a fixed-pitch propeller. Her main engine, a [[straight-11 engine|11-cylinder]] license-manufactured Mitsubishi-[[Sulzer (manufacturer)|Sulzer]] 11RT-flex96C, was rated at {{convert|62920|kW|hp|lk=on|abbr=on}} at 102 rpm and was capable of propelling the ship at {{convert|25.25|kn|lk=in}}. She also had six auxiliary diesel generators with a combined output of 14,625{{nbsp}}kVA.<ref name="classnk" />

The hatch side [[coaming]]s in modern container ships are subjected to the highest stress of all structural members in the ship. This is due to the large openings in the strength deck needed for loading and unloading containers in the cargo holds. Plate thicknesses up to {{convert|90|mm|in}} are used to keep the stress levels acceptable. ''MOL Comfort''{{'}}s [[sister ship]], 2007-built {{ship||MOL Creation}}, was the first container ship classified by [[Nippon Kaiji Kyokai]] to use ultra-high-strength steel with a [[yield strength]] of 470{{nbsp}}MPa in these structures to reduce the steel weight by avoiding extreme plate thicknesses.<ref>{{cite magazine |url=http://www.classnk.or.jp/hp/pdf/publications/Publications_image/classnk_magazine_no60.pdf |title=YP47 |magazine=ClassNk Magazine |edition=60 |date=2008 |pages=5–9 |access-date=14 March 2021 }}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |last1=Hirota |first1=Kazuhiro |last2=Takeda |first2=Shingen |last3=Nakagawa |first3=Takashi |last4=Hashi |first4=Yohimi |last5=Tada |first5=Masuo |date=2007 |url=http://www.mhi.co.jp/technology/review/pdf/e443/e443028.pdf |title=World's first development and application of HTSS (high tensile strength steel) with yield stress of 47 kgf/mm 2 to actual ship hull structure |magazine=Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Technical Review |volume=44 |number=3 |access-date=14 March 2021 }}</ref>

== Career ==

One of twelve ships of similar design, ''MOL Comfort'' was laid down at [[Mitsubishi Heavy Industries]] [[Nagasaki]] shipyard in [[Japan]] on 23 August 2007 and launched on 8 March 2008 as ''APL Russia'' for charter to APL (formerly [[American President Lines]]). She was completed on 14 July 2008. On 1 June 2012, ''APL Russia'' was transferred to Mitsui O.S.K. Lines' Europe-Asia route and renamed ''MOL Comfort''.<ref name="classnk" /><ref name="equasis" />

=== Shipwreck ===

On 17 June 2013, ''MOL Comfort'' suffered a crack amidships in bad weather about {{convert|200|nmi|lk=in}} off the coast of Yemen and eventually broke into two after [[Hogging and sagging|hogging]]. The vessel was underway from [[Singapore]] to [[Jeddah]], [[Saudi Arabia]], with a cargo of 4,382 containers equivalent to 7,041 TEU. The crew of 26—14 Filipinos, one Ukrainian, and 11 Russians—abandoned the ship and were rescued from two [[Lifeboat (shipboard)|liferaft]]s and a lifeboat by three other container vessels, [[Germany|German-flagged]] container ship {{ship||Yantian Express}} of [[Hapag-Lloyd]], [[Panama|Panamaian-flagged]] Hanjin Beijing of now-defunct [[Hanjin Shipping]] and [[ZIM (shipping company)|ZIM]]'s ZIM India, sailed under [[United Kingdom|British flag]]. These vessels were diverted to the site of incident by [[Indian Coast Guard|ICG]] Mumbai.<ref name="mitsui_news">{{cite press release |url=http://www.mol.co.jp/en/pr/2013/13032.html |title=Incident with Containership MOL Comfort |publisher=Mitsui O.S.K. Lines |date=17 June 2013 |access-date=14 March 2021 }}</ref><ref name="sailorsclub">{{cite web |url=http://www.sailors-club.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=25957:qyantian-expressq-rescued-the-crew-of-sunken-mol-comfort-from-two-life-rafts-and-one-lifeboat&catid=7:news&Itemid=131 |title="Yantian Express" rescued the crew of sunken MOL Comfort from two life rafts and one lifeboat |website=Sailors Club |date=18 June 2013 |access-date=2013-06-18 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2017-03-30 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170330000835/https://www.sailors-club.net/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=25957:qyantian-expressq-rescued-the-crew-of-sunken-mol-comfort-from-two-life-rafts-and-one-lifeboat&catid=7:news&Itemid=131 }}</ref><ref name="indianexpress">{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/merchant-vessel-mol-comfort-splits-into-two-off-mumbai-coast-crew-rescued/1130174/ |title=Merchant vessel 'Mol Comfort' splits into two off Mumbai coast, crew rescued |work=The Indian Express |date=17 June 2013 |access-date=2013-06-18 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2020-02-24 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200224132835/http://archive.indianexpress.com/news/merchant-vessel-mol-comfort-splits-into-two-off-mumbai-coast-crew-rescued/1130174/ }}</ref> After the structural failure, both sections remained afloat with the majority of the cargo intact and began drifting in an east-northeast direction. [[Smit International|Smit Salvage Singapore]] was contracted to tow the sections to safety.<ref name="lloyds3july" />

On 24 June, four oceangoing [[tugboat]]s arrived at the scene and began towing the bow section to safety.<ref name="mitsui10">{{cite press release |url=http://www.mol.co.jp/en/pr/2013/13042.html |title=Update (No.10): Incident Involving the Containership MOL Comfort |publisher=Mitsui O.S.K. Lines |date=26 June 2013 |access-date=14 March 2021}}</ref> Before salvage operations of the stern section could begin, water ingress was reported on 26 June.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.mol.co.jp/en/pr/2013/13043.html |title=Update (No.11): Incident Involving the Containership MOL Comfort |publisher=Mitsui O.S.K. Lines |date=27 June 2013 |access-date=14 March 2021 }}</ref> On the following day, the stern sank at {{coord|14|26|N|66|26|E}} to a depth of {{convert|4000|m|ft}}. Some of the approximately 1,700 containers on board were later confirmed floating near the site. While no major oil leak was reported, the stern section was said to contain about 1,500 tons of fuel.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.mol.co.jp/en/pr/2013/13045.html |title=Urgent Update (No.12): Incident Involving the Containership MOL Comfort |publisher=Mitsui O.S.K. Lines |date=27 June 2013 |access-date=14 March 2021 }}</ref>

On 2 July, the tow of the bow section broke free in bad weather,<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.mol.co.jp/en/pr/2013/13050.html |title=Update (No. 17): Incident Involving the Containership MOL Comfort |publisher=Mitsui O.S.K. Lines |date=2 July 2013 |access-date=14 March 2021 }}</ref> but the towing line was reattached the next day.<ref name="lloyds3july">{{cite web |url=http://www.lloydslist.com/ll/sector/containers/article425491.ece |title=Salvors reattach MOL Comfort tow wire |work=Lloyd's List |date=3 July 2013 |access-date=2013-07-07 |url-status=dead |archive-date=2013-07-05 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130705143545/http://www.lloydslist.com/ll/sector/containers/article425491.ece }}</ref> On 6 July, a fire broke out in the rear of the bow section. Unable to control the blaze in bad weather, the salvage vessels requested help from the [[Indian Coast Guard]] patrol boat ''Samudra Prahari'' with external [[firefighting]] equipment.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.mol.co.jp/en/pr/2013/13056.html |title=Update (No. 20): Incident Involving the Containership MOL Comfort |publisher=Mitsui O.S.K. Lines |date=7 July 2013 |access-date=14 March 2021 }}</ref> By 10 July, most of the 2,400 containers on board had been destroyed by fire.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.mol.co.jp/en/pr/2013/13061.html |title=Update (No.23): Incident Involving the Containership MOL Comfort |publisher=Mitsui O.S.K. Lines |date=10 July 2013 |access-date=14 March 2021 }}</ref> The damaged bow section sank the next night at {{coord|19|56|N|65|25|E}} to a depth of {{convert|3000|m|ft}} with what remained of the cargo and 1,600 metric tons of fuel oil in the tanks. No spill apart from a thin oil film on the surface was reported.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.mol.co.jp/en/pr/2013/13063.html |title=Urgent Update (No.25): Incident Involving the Containership MOL Comfort |publisher=Mitsui O.S.K. Lines |date=11 July 2013 |access-date=14 March 2021 }}</ref> The cause of the fire is unknown.

The exact cause of the accident is not known. On 4 July, Mitsui O.S.K. Lines appointed [[Lloyd's Register]] to support investigations into the cause of the incident.<ref>{{cite press release |url=http://www.mol.co.jp/en/pr/2013/13051.html |title=MOL Appoints Lloyd's Register to support investigations to Determine the Cause of the Incident Involving Containership MOL Comfort |publisher=Mitsui O.S.K. Lines |date=4 July 2013 |access-date=14 March 2021 }}</ref> As a precaution, the sister ships of ''MOL Comfort'' were withdrawn from the same route and their hull structures will be upgraded to increase the longitudinal strength. In addition, operational changes will be implemented to reduce stress on the vessels' hulls.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.supplychainasia.org/index.php/news/company/item/6160-mol-comfort-sister-vessels-withdrawn-from-g6-as-precautionary-measures |title=MOL Comfort sister vessels withdrawn from G6 as precautionary measures |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141213054950/http://www.supplychainasia.org/index.php/news/company/item/6160-mol-comfort-sister-vessels-withdrawn-from-g6-as-precautionary-measures |archive-date=2014-12-13 |work=Supply Chain Asia |date=28 June 2013 |access-date=2013-07-07}}</ref>

The sinking of ''MOL Comfort'' cost insurers between 300 and 400 million dollars in claims. The hull and machinery of the vessel were insured for $66 million.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://maritime-connector.com/maritime-economy/mol-comfort-cost-insurers-$400m/ |title=MOL COMFORT Cost Insurers $400M |website=Maritime Connector |date=20 September 2013 |access-date=14 March 2021 |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 December 2020 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201205142633/http://maritime-connector.com/maritime-economy/mol-comfort-cost-insurers-$400m/ }}</ref> By December 2014, the insurers ([[Tokio Marine Nichido|Tokio Marine & Nichido Fire Insurance Co.]]) were among 100 companies, including Mitsui O.S.K. Lines Ltd., who had launched lawsuits against MHI, reportedly on the grounds that the accident and consequent loss of ship and cargo was caused by a design flaw in the freighter.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0001770288 | title = Mitsubishi Heavy sued for ¥60 bil. over sunken freighter | work = The Japan News | publisher = The Yomiuri Shimbun | author = Jiji Press | date = 7 December 2014 | access-date = 6 December 2014 | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20141210003543/http://the-japan-news.com/news/article/0001770288 | archive-date = 10 December 2014}}</ref>

{{As of|2017}}, the loss of all 4,293 containers on board is the largest number of containers lost in a single event.<ref name=MAIBEverSmart>{{cite web |url=https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5f15a2993a6f405c0f80ac37/2020-14-EverSmart-withAnnexes.pdf |title=Report on the investigation of the loss of 42 containers from the container ship ''Ever Smart'' 700 miles east of Japan, North Pacific Ocean 30 October 2017 |publisher=Marine Accident Investigation Board |accessdate=22 July 2020 |at=Annex B }}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}
{{Mitsui O.S.K. Lines|state=autocollapse}}
{{2013 shipwrecks}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:MOL Comfort}}
[[Category:Container ships]]
[[Category:Ships built by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 2013]]
[[Category:Ships sunk with no fatalities]]
[[Category:Shipwrecks in the Indian Ocean]]
[[Category:2008 ships]]
[[Category:Ship fires]]
[[Category:Mitsubishi Heavy Industries]]