View source for Paris–Rouen (motor race)

{{Short description|World's first automobile race}}
{{For|the cycle race|Paris–Rouen (cycle race)}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2016}}
{{Infobox motor race
| Race title             = Horseless Carriages Contest
| Logo                   = Le Petit Journal - 6 August 1894.jpg
| Track map              = 
| Series long            = 
| Series short           = 
| Venue                  = Road from Paris to [[Rouen]]
| Location               = France
| Coordinates            = 
| Sponsor                = ''[[Le Petit Journal (newspaper)|Le Petit Journal]]''<br>[[Pierre Giffard]]
| First race             = 22 July 1894 (unique race)<br>102 entrants<br>21 qualified<br>4 stopped
| First series race      = 
| Last race              = 
| Distance               = {{convert|126|km}}
| Laps                   = 
| Duration               = 
| Previous names         = 
| Most wins driver       = 
| Most wins rider        = 
| Most wins team         = 
| Most wins manufacturer = 
| Surface                = 
| Length km              = 
| Turns                  = 
| Record time            = 
| Record driver          = 
| Record car             = 
| Record year            = 
| Record class           = 
}}
[[File:1894 paris-rouen - count albert de dion (de dion-bouton steam tractor) finished 1st, ruled ineligible for prize.jpg|thumb|alt= Photo d'Albert de Dion, vainqueur de l'épreuve.|[[Jules-Albert de Dion]] finished first in a steam powered De Dion tractor towing a [[Barouche#Calash|''caléche'']] carriage, but was not eligible for the prize. Among the passengers are de Dion, [[Étienne van Zuylen van Nyevelt]]-Rothschild, and writer [[Émile Driant]].]]
[[File:1894 paris-rouen - albert lemaître (peugeot 3hp) 1st.jpg|thumb|alt= Photo de Albert Lemaître, deuxième de l'épreuve.|[[Albert Lemaître]] (''pictured on left'') finished second in a 3 hp Peugeot but was judged the winner. Bicycle and tyre manufacturer [[Adolphe Clément-Bayard]] was the front passenger.]]

'''Paris–Rouen''', '''''Le Petit Journal'' Horseless Carriages Contest''' (''Concours du 'Petit Journal' Les Voitures sans Chevaux''), was a pioneering city-to-city [[Auto racing|motoring competition]] in 1894 which is sometimes described as the world's first competitive motor race.

The contest was organised by the newspaper ''[[Le Petit Journal (newspaper)|Le Petit Journal]]'' and ran from Paris to [[Rouen]] in France on 22 July 1894. It was preceded by four days of vehicle exhibition and qualifying events that created great crowds and excitement. The eight {{convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}} qualifying events started near the Bois de Boulogne and comprised interwoven routes around Paris to select the entrants for the main {{convert|126|km|mi|abbr=on}} event.<ref>[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6130110/f1.image Le petit journal, publication of 20 December, column 1, Article 8] Gallica, Online Archive, ''Le Petit Journal''</ref>

The first driver across the finishing line at Rouen was [[Jules-Albert de Dion]], but he did not win the main prize because his steam vehicle needed a [[Fireman (steam engine)|stoker]] and was thus ineligible. The fastest petrol-powered car was a {{convert|3|hp|kW PS|abbr=on}} [[Peugeot]] driven by [[Albert Lemaître]]. The premier prize, the 5,000 franc ''Prix du Petit Journal'', for "the competitor whose car comes closest to the ideal", was shared equally by manufacturers [[Panhard et Levassor]] and [[Peugeot|Les fils de Peugeot frères]] ('The sons of Peugeot brothers'), with vehicles that were "easy to use".<ref name="8W">[http://forix.autosport.com/8w/bdb.html Forix, Autosport, 8W – Welcome to Who? What? Where? When? Why? on the World Wide Web. ''The cradle of motorsport''] Rémi Paolozzi, May 28, 2003</ref><ref name="Cent Ans">[http://cent.ans.free.fr/pj1894/pj19406081894.htm Cent Ans, Concours du ''Petit Journal'' Les voitures sans chevaux.] ''cent.ans.free.fr''</ref><ref name="Gallica 3/7/94"/><ref name="Gallica Tuesday report"/>

==1894 – Paris to Rouen==
[[File:Pierre Giffard, Editor of Le Velo, circa 1900.jpg|thumb|[[Pierre Giffard]]]]
[[File:1894 paris-rouen - auguste doriot (peugeot 3hp) 3rd.jpg|thumb|alt= Photo d'Auguste Doriot, troisième de l'épreuve.|[[Auguste Doriot]], finished third in a ''Vis a vis'' (''Face to face'') 3 hp Peugeot.<ref name="Raceday">[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k613225g.zoom 22 July 1894 – Race day] Gallica, Online Archive, ''Le Petit Journal''</ref>]]
[[File:Panhard-levassor.jpg|thumb|Panhard-Levassor (1890–1895), similar to Hippolyte Panhard's fourth-place finisher.]]
[[File:1894 paris-rouen - kraeutler (peugeot 3hp) 6th v2.jpg|thumb|Émile Kraeutler finished 6th in a 3 hp Peugeot [[Brake (carriage)|"break"]].]]
[[File:1894 paris-rouen - michaud (peugeot phaeton 3hp) 9th v2.jpg|thumb|Gratien Michaux finished 9th in the 3 hp Peugeot [[Phaeton body|phaeton]].]]
[[File:1894 Paris-Rouen - Gratien Michaux in Mantes ( 30 peugeot phaeton 3hp) 9th.jpg|thumb|Michaux passes through a busy street in [[Mantes-la-Jolie]], racing amongst horses and pedestrians, ''en route'' to Rouen where he finished 9th in the 3 hp Peugeot phaeton.]]
[[File:1894 Paris-Rouen Serpollet Steamer No 44 DNF -Leon is 3rd from left-.jpg|thumb|1894 Paris-Rouen Serpollet Steamer No 44 DNF (Leon Serpollet is 3rd from left)]]

===Organisation===
In 1894, [[Pierre Giffard]], editor of  ''[[Le Petit Journal (newspaper)|Le Petit Journal]]'', organised the world's first motoring competition from Paris to Rouen to publicise his newspaper, to stimulate interest in motoring and to develop French motor manufacturing. Sporting events were a tried and tested form of publicity stunt and circulation booster. The paper promoted it as "Le Petit Journal Competition for Horseless Carriages" (''Le Petit Journal Concours des Voitures sans Chevaux'') that were "not dangerous, easy to drive, and cheap during the journey", the main prize being for "the competitor whose car comes closest to the ideal". The "easy to drive" clause effectively precluded from the prizes (but not the event) any vehicles needing a travelling mechanic or technical assistant such as a [[Fireman (steam engine)|stoker]] (i.e. steam powered vehicles).<ref name="8W"/><ref name="LPJ 19 Dec 1893">[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k613010m 19 December 1893 – Announcement] Gallica, Online Archive, ''Le Petit Journal''</ref>

''Le Petit Journal'' announced prize money totalling 10,000 [[French franc#French Empire and Restoration|gold franc]]s – 5,000 for first place, 2,000 for second, 1,500 for third, 1,000 for fourth, and 500 for fifth. The main prize was for the first eligible vehicle across the finish line in Rouen.<ref name="LPJ 19 Dec 1893"/>

===Entrants===
{{Further|topic=Full list of 102 entrants|Paris–Rouen (motor race)#List of entrants}}

One hundred two people paid the ten franc entrance fee. They ranged from practical manufacturers like [[Peugeot]], [[Panhard]], [[de Dion-Bouton]], and [[Serpollet]] to amateur owners and "over-ambitious concepts." Seventy-eight entrants did not show up for qualifying on 18 July, which included some 25 powered by unfamiliar and improbable technologies such as: gravity (nine); compressed air (five); "automatic" (three); electricity (three); gas (three); hydraulics (two); and one each for liquid, pedals, propellers, and levers. Additionally, 19 petrol-powered designs and 26 steam-powered cars, quadricycles, and tricycles did not show up at the qualifying event.<ref name="8W"/><ref name="Cent Ans"/><ref name="Quali"/>

===Qualifying===
Qualifying was held from 19 to 21 July 1894, and was preceded by a public exhibition of 26 cars to [[Neuilly-sur-Seine]] on 18 July. Journalists reported great crowds and excitement throughout the routes, and at [[Précy-sur-Oise]] they finished through a triumphal arch. On 19 July, 26 cars lined the side of the [[Porte Maillot|Boulevard Maillot]], stretching to the [[Bois de Boulogne]], each parked {{convert|10|m|ft|abbr=on}} apart until, at 8:00 am, the first car led off, followed at 15-second intervals by the others. The {{convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}} qualifying event had to be completed in under three hours to be eligible to start the main event, the {{convert|126|km|mi|abbr=on}} race from Paris to Rouen; 21 were selected for the main event.<ref name="8W"/><ref name="Quali">[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k613222b 18 July 1894 – Selection around Paris] Gallica, Online Archive, ''Le Petit Journal''</ref><ref name="CC Org">[http://www.cc-organisation.com/CC-Organisation.com/Course_Paris_-_Rouen.html CC Organisation – Course Paris-Rouen] ''www.cc-organisation.com''</ref>

Qualifying was used as a major publicity tool for both the event and the newspaper: "for our readers who want to see the cars on the roads around Paris". The 22 vehicles were split into five groups who completed complex interwoven tours of Paris and its environs, including [[Mantes-la-Jolie]], [[Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye]], [[Flins-sur-Seine]], [[Poissy]], [[Triel-sur-Seine]], [[Rambouillet]], [[Versailles (city)|Versailles]], [[Dampierre-en-Yvelines]], [[Corbeil-Essonnes]], [[Palaiseau]], [[Précy-sur-Oise]], [[Gennevilliers]] and [[L'Isle-Adam, Val-d'Oise]]. The groups were carefully balanced to ensure each included petrol and steam, a Peugeot, a Panhard & Levassor, and different seating. ''Le Petit Journal'', on the morning of the event, still officially expected Lemoigne and his gravity-powered vehicle to participate, although he was included as an additional member of group five.<ref name="Quali"/>

The groups that set off from [[Porte Maillot]] on Thursday 19 July were:<ref name="Quali"/>

*Itinerary one – Paris to Mantes-la-Jolie via Château de Saint-Germain-en-Laye and Flins-sur-Seine:
**No. 3 de Dion, Bouton et Cie, [[Brake (carriage)|break]], six seats, steam.  – Did not qualify for Paris-Rouen.
**No. 13 Panhard et Levassor, four seats, petrol  – qualified
**No. 21 Letar, four seats, steam  – did not qualify
**No. 30 Les fils de Peugeot frères, three seats, petrol – qualified
*Itinerary two – Paris to Mantes-la-Jolie via Poissy and Triel-sur-Seine:
**No. 10 Scotte, 8–10 seats, steam – qualified
**No. 15 Panhard et Levassor, two seats, petrol – qualified
**No. 25 Coqatrix, four seats, steam – qualified
**No. 28 Les fils de Peugeot frères, four seats, petrol – qualified
**No. 44 de Prandieres, six seats, system Serpollet and petrol combined{{efn| Systeme Serpollet was a form of steam engine.  The car evidently had both a steam and a petrol motor, but details have been lost to time.}}  – qualified

:(Note – ''Le Petit Journal'' does not show an itinerary three, presumably either a misprint or changed plan)

*Itinerary four – Paris to [[Rambouillet]] via [[Versailles (city)|Versailles]] and [[Dampierre-en-Yvelines]]:
**No. 7 Gautier, four seats, steam – qualified
**No. 18 Archdeacon, six or seven seats, steam – qualified
**No. 19 Le Blant, eight to ten seats, steam – qualified
**No. 42 Le Brun, four seats, petrol – qualified
*Itinerary five – Paris to [[Corbeil-Essonnes]] via Versailles and Palaiseau:
**No. 4 de Dion, Victoria, four people, steam – qualified
**No. 16 Quantin, six seats, petrol – did not qualify
**No. 27 Les fils de Peugeot frères, two seats, petrol – qualified
**No. 29 Les fils de Peugeot frères, four seats, petrol – did not qualify
**No. 40 Lemoigne, four seats, 'gravity powered'. Note – did not show or was eliminated.
::(Sources show three or five vehicles on this route and variance over qualification)

*Itinerary six – Paris to Précy-sur-Oise via Gennevilliers and L'Isle-Adam, Val-d'Oise:
**No. 12 Tenting, four seats, petrol. Note – did not qualify for Paris-Rouen.
**No. 14 Panhard et Levassor, four seats, (new type) petrol – qualified
**No. 24 Alfred Vacheron, two seats, petrol – did not qualify until Saturday 21st
**No. 31 Les fils de Peugeot frères, [[Brake (carriage)|break]], five seats, petrol – qualified

On Friday 20 July a second qualifying event was run over two routes.<ref name="Galica Sat 21 July">[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6132243/f1.zoom Sat 21 July 1894 – Selection II] Gallica, Online Archive, ''Le Petit Journal''</ref>
*Itinerary one – Paris to Mantes-la-Jolie via [[Bezons]], [[Houilles]] and [[Maisons-Laffitte]].
**No. 44 de Prandieres, six seats, system Serpollet and petrol combined – qualified
**No. 60 Le Blant, Serpollet, nine seats, steam – qualified
**No. 64 [[Émile Mayade]], Panhard et Levassor, four seats, petrol – qualified
**No. 65 Albert Lemaître, Les fils de Peugeot frères, four seats, petrol – qualified
*Itinerary two – Paris to Corbeil-Essonnes
**No. 61 Roger de Montais, De Montais, two seat tricycle, petrol – qualified
**No. 85 Émile Roger, [[Benz & Cie.|Benz]], two seats, petrol – qualified

On Saturday 21 July a third qualifying event was run from Paris to Poissy.
*No. 53 de Bourmont (de Bourmont, four seats, petrol) – qualified
*No. 24 Alfred Vacheron, two seats, petrol – qualified

===Race===
At 8:00 am on Sunday 22 July, twenty-one qualifiers started from Porte Maillot and went via the [[Bois de Boulogne]], [[Neuilly-sur-Seine]], [[Courbevoie]], [[Nanterre]], [[Chatou]], [[Le Pecq]], Poissy, [[Triel-sur-Seine]], [[Vaux-sur-Seine]], and [[Meulan]], to [[Mantes-la-Jolie|Mantes]] where they stopped for lunch from noon until 1:30 pm, whence they set off to [[Vernon, Eure|Vernon]], [[Gaillon]], [[Pont-de-l'Arche]], and the 'Champ de Mars' at Rouen.

Count de Dion was the first to arrive in Rouen after 6 hours 48 minutes at an average speed of {{convert|19|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}. He finished 3 min 30 sec ahead of [[Albert Lemaître]] ([[Peugeot]]), [[Auguste Doriot]] (Peugeot) (16 min 30 sec back), Hippolyte Panhard ([[Panhard]]) (33 min 30 sec) and [[Émile Levassor]] (Panhard) (55 min 30 sec).<ref name="8W"/><ref name="Gallica 3/7/94"/><ref name="CC Org"/> The winner's average speed was {{convert|17|km/h|mph|abbr=on}}.<ref>[http://www.grandprixhistory.org/story.htm Grand Prix History – Organized Racing & The First Grand Prix] 1 November 2010 Grand Prix History.org (accessed 11 June 2017)</ref>

===Prizes===
On Tuesday 24 July ''Le Petit Journal'' announced the prizes :<ref name="Gallica Tuesday report">[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6132277.image Prizes] Gallica, Online Archive, ''Le Petit Journal'' Tuesday 24 July 1894</ref>

* First prize, the ''Prix du Petit Journal'' for "the competitor whose car comes closest to the ideal" (5,000 francs) was shared equally between Panhard et Levassor and 'Les fils de Peugeot Frères'.
* Second prize, the ''Prix Marinoni'' ([[Hippolyte Auguste Marinoni|Owner of ''Le Petit Journal'']]) (2,000 francs) was awarded to de Dion, Bouton et Cie for their "interesting steam tractor that works like a horse and gives both absolute speed and pulling power up hills".
* Third prize, the ''Prix Marinoni'' (1,500 francs) was awarded to Maurice Le Blant for his nine-seater vehicle powered by the 'systeme Serpollet'.
* Fourth prize, the ''Prix Marinoni'' (1,000 francs) was shared between two manufacturers, Alfred Vacheron (No. 24) and Le Brun (No. 42).
* Fifth prize, the ''Prix Marinoni'' (500 francs) was awarded to Roger (No. 85)

==Results for Paris–Rouen==
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="font-size:95%;"
|-Results
! scope=col style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" | Position <br />overall
! scope=col style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" | Number
! scope=col style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" | Driver / entrant
! scope=col style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" | Make<!--Not a team...-->
! scope=col style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" | Power
! scope=col style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" | People
! scope=col style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" | Time <br /> overall
! scope=col style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" | Position <br /> at Mantes
! scope=col style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" | Time <br /> Paris-Mantes <br /> circa 50&nbsp;km
! scope=col style="background-color:#CCCCCC;" | Time <br /> Mantes-Rouen <br /> circa 80&nbsp;km
|-
| 1 || 4 || [[Jules-Albert de Dion|Jules-Albert, Count de Dion]], Bouton || [[De Dion-Bouton]] || Steam || 4 || 6 h 48 m 00 s or <br /> 5 h 40 m<ref name="Gallica Mon report"/> || 2 || 2 h 38 m || 4 h 10 m
|-
| 2 || 65 || [[Albert Lemaître]] – 'Les fils de Peugeot Frères' || [[Peugeot]] || Petrol<br />([[Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft|Daimler]]) || 4 || 6 h 51 m 30 s or <br />5 h 45 m<ref name="Gallica Mon report"/> || 1 || 2 h 36 m || 4 h 15 m
|-
| 3 || 28 || [[Auguste Doriot]] – 'Les fils de Peugeot Frères' || [[Peugeot]] || Petrol<br />([[Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft|Daimler]]) || 4 || 7 h 04 m 30 s or <br /> 5 h 50 m<ref name="Gallica Mon report"/> || 4 || 2 h 44 m || 4 h 20 m
|-
| 4 || 13 || Hippolyte Panhard – Panhard et Levassor || [[Panhard|Panhard et Levassor]] || Petrol<br />([[Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft|Daimler]]) || 4 || 7 h 21 m 30 s or <br /> 6 h 3 m<ref name="Gallica Mon report"/> || 5 || 2 h 48 m || 4 h 33 m
|-
| 5 or 7<ref name="Gallica Mon report"/> || 15 || [[Émile Levassor]] – Panhard et Levassor || [[Panhard|Panhard et Levassor]] || Petrol<br />([[Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft|Daimler]]) || 2 || 7 h 43 m 30 s or <br /> 6 h 30 m<ref name="Gallica Mon report"/> || 3 || 2 h 43 m || 5 h 0 m
|-
| 6 or 5<ref name="Gallica Mon report"/> || 31 || [[Émile Kraeutler]] – 'Les fils de Peugeot Frères' || [[Peugeot]] || Petrol<br />([[Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft|Daimler]]) || 4 || 7 h 46 m 30 s or <br /> 6 h 7 m<ref name="Gallica Mon report"/> || 10 || 3 h 9 m || 4 h 37 m
|-
| 7 or 8<ref name="Gallica Mon report"/> || 64 || [[Émile Mayade]] || [[Panhard|Panhard et Levassor]] || Petrol<br />([[Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft|Daimler]]) || 4 || 8 h 09 m 00 s or <br /> 6 h 49 m<ref name="Gallica Mon report"/> || 6 || 2 h 50 m || 5 h 19 m
|-
| 8 or 6<ref name="Gallica Mon report"/> || 42 ||  A. Le Brun || Le Brun || Petrol<br />([[Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft|Daimler]]) || 4 || 8 h 12 m 00 s or <br /> 6 h 24 m<ref name="Gallica Mon report"/> || 13 || 3 h 18 m || 4 h 54 m
|-
| 9 or 10<ref name="Gallica Mon report"/>|| 30 || [[Gratien Michaux]] – 'Les fils de Peugeot Frères' || [[Peugeot]] || Petrol<br />([[Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft|Daimler]]) || 3 || 8 h 25 m 00 s or <br /> 7 h 2 m<ref name="Gallica Mon report"/> || 7 || 2 h 53 m || 5 h 32 m
|-
| 10 or 13<ref name="Gallica Mon report"/>|| 14 || "Dubois" – Panhard et Levassor || [[Panhard|Panhard et Levassor]] || Petrol<br />([[Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft|Daimler]]) || 4 || 8 h 38 m 00 s or <br /> 7 h 10 m<ref name="Gallica Mon report"/> || 8 || 2 h 58 || 5 h 40 m
|-
| 11 or 12<ref name="Gallica Mon report"/>|| 27 || [[Louis Rigoulot]]  – 'Les fils de Peugeot Frères' || [[Peugeot Type 5]] || Petrol<br />([[Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft|Daimler]]) || 2 || 8 h 41 m 00 s or <br />7 h 5 m<ref name="Gallica Mon report"/> || 12 || 3 h 16 m || 5 h 35 m
|-
| 12 or 11<ref name="Gallica Mon report"/>|| 24 || Alfred Vacheron || Vacheron / Panhard || Petrol<br />([[Daimler Motoren Gesellschaft|Daimler]]) || 2 || 8 h 42 m 30 s or <br />7 h 3 m<ref name="Gallica Mon report"/> || 11 || 3 h 9 m || 5 h 33 m
|-
| 13 or 9<ref name="Gallica Mon report"/>|| 53 || "De Bourmont" || de Bourmont || Steam<ref name="Steam Cars"/> || 4 || 8 h 51 m 00 s or <br /> 7 h 1 m<ref name="Gallica Mon report"/> ||15 || 3 h 21 m || 5 h 31 m
|-
| 14 || 85 || [[Émile Roger]] || [[Benz & Cie.|Benz]] || Petrol<br />([[Carl Benz#Benz and Cie. and the Benz Patent-Motorwagen|Benz]]) ||  || 10 h 01 m 00 s or <br /> 8 h 9 m<ref name="Gallica Mon report"/> || 16 || 3 h 22 m || 6 h 39 m
|-
| 15 || 60 || [[Maurice Le Blant]] || [[Léon Serpollet|Serpollet]] || Steam || 8 || 10 h 43 m 00 s or <br /> 8 h 50 m<ref name="Gallica Mon report"/> || 17 || 3 h 23 m || 7 h 20 m
|-
| 16 || 7 || [[Pierre Gautier (motor race)|Pierre Gautier]] || [[Gautier–Wehrlé]] || Steam  || 4 || 12 h 24 m 30 s ||19 || 4 h 17 m || 8 h 7 m
|-
| 17 || 18 || [[Ernest Archdeacon]] || [[Léon Serpollet|Serpollet]] || Steam  || 6 || 13 h 00 m 00 s || 14 || 3 h 20 m || 9 h 40 m
|-
| Stopped || 44 || "De Prandiéres" || [[Léon Serpollet|Serpollet]] || Steam || 4 || [[Nanterre]] <br />– broken wheel<ref name="Gallica Mon report"/> ||   || retired || out
|-
| Stopped || 19 || [[Étienne le Blant]] || [[Léon Serpollet|Serpollet]] || Steam  || 10 || Motor || 20 || 4 h 39 m || retired
|-
| Stopped  || 10 || "J. Scotte" || Scotte || Steam  || 8 || Motor || 9 || 3 h 8 m || retired
|-
| Stopped || 61 || Roger de Montais || De Montais || Steam<ref name="Gallica Tuesday report"/>  || 2 || Motor || 18 || 4 h 0 m || retired
|-
|- class=sortbottom
!scope=row colspan=10 | '''Sources:'''<ref name="Gallica 3/7/94">[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k613225g.zoom ''Le Petit Journal''] Gallica, Online Archive of France. 22 July 1894.</ref><ref name="Gallica Mon report">[http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k613226v/f2.zoom Race report.] Gallica, Online Archive of France. Mon 23 July 1894. ''Le Petit Journal''</ref><ref name="Steam Cars">Richard J. Evans: Steam Cars (Shire Album), Shire Publications Ltd (1985) {{ISBN|978-0852637746}}, p. 15</ref><ref name="Gallica Tuesday report"/><ref name="Graces">[http://www.gracesguide.co.uk/1894_Paris-Rouen_Race ''The Early History of Motoring''] by [[Claude Johnson]], extracted by Graces Guide</ref><ref>[[:it:Parigi-Rouen 1894|Provisional results]] it.wikipedia.org</ref>
|}

==List of entrants==
{{unreferenced section|date=July 2018}}
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
!Result||No.||Entrant<br />manufacturer || City ||Seats || Engine type
|-
| No show || 1 || Rousselet || Paris || 4  || gravity
|-
| No show || 2 || Edouard Pellorce || [[Neuilly-sur-Seine]] ||  || petrol
|-
| Did not qualify || 3 || De Dion-Bouton et Co || [[Puteaux]] || 4 || steam
|-
| Started || 4 || De Dion-Bouton et Co || Puteaux || 6 || steam
|-
| No show  || 5 || Le Maitre || Paris || 4 || steam
|-
| No show  || 6 || Roussat || Paris || 4 || hydraulic
|-
| Started  || 7 || Gautier P || Paris || 4 || steam
|-
| No show  || 8 || Hidien || [[Châteauroux]] || 4 || steam
|-
| No show  || 9 || Victor Popp || Paris || 4 || air compressor
|-
| Started  || 10 || Scotte J || [[Épernay]] || 8 || steam
|-
| No show  || 11 || Klaus Th || [[Lyon]] || 4 || petrol
|-
| Did not qualify || 12 || Tenting || Paris || 4 || petrol
|-
| Started  || 13 || Panhard & Levassor || Paris || 4 || petrol
|-
| Started  || 14 || Panhard & Levassor || Paris || 4 || petrol
|-
| Started  || 15 || Panhard & Levassor || Paris || 4 || petrol
|-
| No show  || 16 || Quantio || Roubaix || 6 || petrol
|-
| No show  || 17 || Rodier, Roche et Sabatier || [[Bagnols-sur-Cèze]] ||  || petrol
|-
| Started  || 18 || [[Ernest Archdeacon|Archdeacon M E]] <br />(or Serpollet) || Paris || 7 || petrol <br /> (or steam)
|-
| Started  || 19 || Le Blant || Paris || 10 || steam
|-
| No show  || 20 || Paraire G || [[Château-Thierry]] ||  || steam
|-
| No show  || 21 || Letar Alexandre || Paris || 4 || steam
|-
| No show  || 22 || Gaillardet || [[Gennevilliers|Petit Gennevilliers]] || 4 || steam
|-
| No show  || 23 || Varennes || Paris || 3 || steam
|-
| Started  || 24 || Vacheron Alfred || [[Monthermé]] || 2 || petrol
|-
| No show  || 25 || Coquatrix || Paris || 4 || steam
|-
| No show  || 26 || Leval || Paris || 4 || baricycle?
|-
| Started  || 27 || Peugeot Fils et frères || [[Valentigney]] || 4 || petrol
|-
| Started  || 28 || Peugeot Fils et frères || Valentigney || 4 || petrol
|-
| Did not qualify || 29 || Peugeot Fils et frères || Valentigney || 4 || petrol
|-
| Started  || 30 || Peugeot Fils et frères || Valentigney || 4 || petrol
|-
| Started  || 31 || Peugeot Fils et frères || Valentigney || 4 || petrol
|-
| No show  || 32 || Darras L || [[Bruay]] || tricycle|| steam
|-
| No show  || 33 || Geoffroy M P ||   ||  || steam
|-
| No show  || 34 || Geoffroy M P ||   ||  || steam
|-
| No show  || 35 || Geoffroy M P ||   ||  || steam
|-
| No show  || 36 || Gillot Jules || [[Maubeuge]] || 4 || petrol
|-
| No show  || 37 || Loubiere Albert || [[La Ferté-sous-Jouarre]] || 6 || gravity
|-
| No show  || 38 || Duchemin A || Paris || 4 ||
|-
| No show  || 39 || Ponsot || Paris || 4 || Oil?
|-
| No show  || 40 || Lemoigne Louis || Fougères || 4 || gravity
|-
| No show  || 41 || Bargogli || Paris || 4 || petrol
|-
| Started || 42 || Le Brun A || Rouen || 4 || petrol
|-
| No show  || 43 || Spanoghe || [[Antwerp]], Belgium || 6 || steam
|-
| Started  || 44 || de Prandieres M || Lyon || 6 || Serpollet steam
|-
| No show  || 45 || Cornequet || Paris || 8 || automatic
|-
| No show  || 46 || Matin-Cudrez F || Paris || 2 || steam
|-
| No show  || 47 || Barthelemy Cesar || [[Yèbles]] || 3 || gravity
|-
| No show  || 48 || Leblanc || [[Ay, Marne]] || 6 || steam
|-
| No show  || 49 || Valentin J M || [[Bruyères]] || 3 || gravity
|-
| No show  || 50 || Werstein || Paris || 3 || pedals
|-
!Result||No.||Entrant || City ||Seats || Engine type
|-
| No show  || 51 || Lepape || Paris || 4 || petrol
|-
| No show  || 52 || [[Société Parisienne|Société Parisienne de <br />constructions Velo]] || Paris || 4 || air compressor
|-
| Started  || 53 || de Bourmont M || [[Arcachon]] || 4 || petrol
|-
| No show  || 54 || Froger Elie || [[Feneu]] || 4 || petrol
|-
| No show  || 55 || De Dion-Bouton et Co || [[Puteaux]] || 4 || petrol
|-
| No show  || 56 || Lebrun M || [[Roches-Bettaincourt]] || 4 || automatic
|-
| No show  || 57 || Seunier M ||   || 4 || petrol
|-
| No show  || 58 || Barbier et Marcillet || Paris || 3 || steam
|-
| No show  || 59 || Bezamat || Colombes || 4 || steam
|-
| Started  || 60 || Le Blant Maurice || Paris || 9 || steam
|-
| Started  || 61 || de Montais Roger || Beauvroit || 2 || petrol
|-
| No show  || 62 || Mallarme || [[Gentilly, Val-de-Marne|Gentilly]] ||  || steam
|-
| No show  || 63 || Tissandier et Lacombe || [[Agen]] ||  || petrol
|-
| Started  || 64 || Panhard & Levassor || Paris ||  || petrol
|-
| Started  || 65 || Peugeot Fils et frères || Valentigney || 4 || petrol
|-
| No show  || 66 || Museur L et Cordonnier E || [[Masnières]] || 4 || steam
|-
| No show  || 67 || Lebesgue || Paris ||  || petrol
|-
| No show  || 68 || Garnier E et Delannoy G || Beauvois || 4 || combination
|-
| No show  || 69 || de Malapert et Barriere || Paris || 4 || liquid
|-
| No show  || 70 || Fays – Poisson || Gigny || 6 || gravity
|-
| No show  || 71 || Klaus Th || Lyon || 2 tricycle || petrol
|-
| No show  || 72 || Tamarelle – Capeyron || [[Bergerac, Dordogne|Bergerac]] || 5 || steam
|-
| No show  || 73 || Pretot || Paris || 4 || petrol
|-
| No show  || 74 || Mayer Raoul || [[Chevanceaux]] || 2 quadracycle || steam
|-
| No show  || 75 || Dessaux Charles || Paris || 2 tricycle || gravity
|-
| No show  || 76 || Tirant Georges || Baissy ||  || steam
|-
| No show  || 77 || Reverseau || Paris || 4 || automatic
|-
| No show || 78 || Berthaud || Lyon || 8 || air compressor
|-
| No show  || 79 || Baudet A || Paris || 4 || steam
|-
| No show  || 80 || Quantin || [[Boulogne-Billancourt|Boulogne]] || 6 || steam
|-
| No show  || 81 || Becherel || Paris || 2 tricycle || steam
|-
| No show  || 82 || Monges || Paris || 4 || electric
|-
| No show  || 83 || Suodais || [[Fontenay-sous-Bois|Fontenay]] || 6 || electric
|-
| No show  || 84 || Plantard || Paris || 4 || air compressor
|-
| Started || 85 || Roger || Paris || 2 || petrol
|-
| No show  || 86 || Garrard <br />[[Garrard & Blumfield]] || [[Birmingham]] <br />Great Britain ||  || electric
|-
| No show  || 87 || Landry & Beyroux G ||   || 4 || petrol
|-
| No show  || 88 || Jeantaud || Paris || 3 || petrol
|-
| No show  || 89 || Demont || Paris || 4 || steam
|-
| No show  || 90 || Mansart || [[Beauvais]] || 4 || gravity
|-
| No show  || 91 || Carli le comte || Italy || 2 || electric
|-
| No show  || 92 || de Farcy || [[Angers]] || 2 || petrol
|-
| No show  || 93 || Gantry || [[Orléans]] || 2 || gas
|-
| No show  || 94 || Morelleras H || [[Angoulême]] ||  || gravity
|-
| No show  || 95 || Roze – Andrillon || [[Marseille]] || 4 || air compressor
|-
| No show  || 96 || Canis || [[Maulan]] || 4 || propeller
|-
| No show  || 97 || Deutsch M || Germany || 2 || petrol (Benz Car)
|-
| No show  || 98 || Deutsch M || Germany || 2 || petrol (Benz Car)
|-
| No show  || 99 || Bonnefils || [[Valence, Tarn-et-Garonne|Valence]] || 2 || petrol
|-
| No show  || 100 || Bellanger || [[Le Mans]] || 4 || system
|-
| No show  || 101 || Mary Jean || Paris || 4 || gas
|-
| No show  || 102 || Barriquand M ||  || 4 || hydraulic
|-
!Result||No.||Entrant || City ||Seats || Engine type
|}

==Gallery==
<gallery class="center">
Image:Petit_Journal_22_7_1894_Voiture_a_boggie_de_Dion_vapeur_completes_Paris-Rouen.jpg|de Dion-Bouton <br />steam ''Voiture a [[Bogie#Articulated lorries (tractor-trailers)|boggie]]'' <br />''Count'' de Dion finished first<br />''Le Petit Journal – Contest for Horseless Carriages'', Paris-Rouen. <br />''[[Le Petit Journal (newspaper)|Le Petit Journal]]'' <br />Sunday 22 July 1894

Image:Petit_Journal_22_7_1894_Gautier_(petrole)_competes_in_Paris-Rouen.jpg|[[Gautier–Wehrlé]] <br />(Steam. mis-labelled image)<br />Pierre Gautier finished 19th <br />''Le Petit Journal – Contest for Horseless Carriages'', Paris-Rouen.<br />''[[Le Petit Journal (newspaper)|Le Petit Journal]]'' <br />Sunday 22 July 1894

Image:Petit Journal 22 7 1894 Panhard et levassor Phaeton a petrole completes Paris-Rouen.jpg|Panhard et Levassor <br />'Phaeton a petrole'<br />Émile Levassor finished 5th <br />''Le Petit Journal – Contest for Horseless Carriages'', Paris-Rouen.<br />''[[Le Petit Journal (newspaper)|Le Petit Journal]]''<br /> Sunday 22 July 1894

Image:Petit_Journal_22_7_1894_Phaeton_Panhard_et_Levassor_petrole_completes_Paris-Rouen.jpg|Panhard et Levassor<br />petrol Phaeton<br />Hippolyte Panhard finished 4th<br />''Le Petit Journal – Contest for Horseless Carriages'', Paris-Rouen.<br />''[[Le Petit Journal (newspaper)|Le Petit Journal]]''<br /> Sunday 22 July 1894

Image:Petit_Journal_22_7_1894_Panhard_et_Levassor_Nouveau_type_completes_Paris-Rouen.jpg|Panhard et Levassor <br /> Nouveau type <br /> ''Dubois'' finished ninth<br />''Le Petit Journal – Contest for Horseless Carriages'', Paris-Rouen.<br />''[[Le Petit Journal (newspaper)|Le Petit Journal]]'' <br />Sunday 22 July 1894

Image:Petit Journal 22 7 1894 Auguste Doriot completes Paris-Rouen in Peugeot.jpg|[[Peugeot Type 5|Peugeot Type 5 ''Vis a vis'']] <br />3&nbsp;hp <br />Auguste Doriot finished 3rd<br />''Le Petit Journal – Contest for Horseless Carriages'', Paris-Rouen.<br />''[[Le Petit Journal (newspaper)|Le Petit Journal]]'' Sunday 22 July 1894

Image:Petit_Journal_22_7_1894_Phaeton_Peugeot_petrole_completes_Paris-Rouen.jpg|[[Peugeot Type 5|Peugeot Type 5 Phaeton]] <br />petrol,<br /> Louis Rigoulot finished 11th<br />''Le Petit Journal – Contest for Horseless Carriages'', Paris-Rouen.<br />''[[Le Petit Journal (newspaper)|Le Petit Journal]]''<br /> Sunday 22 July 1894

Image:Petit_Journal_22_7_1894_Victoria_Peugeot_petrole_completes_Paris-Rouen.jpg|Victoria Peugeot <br />petrol <br /> Did not qualify <br />''Le Petit Journal – Contest for Horseless Carriages'', Paris-Rouen.<br />''[[Le Petit Journal (newspaper)|Le Petit Journal]]'' <br />Sunday 22 July 1894

Image:Petit Journal 22 7 1894 Serpollet steam voiture completes Paris-Rouen.jpg|Serpollet<br /> steam car <br />did not finish<br />''Le Petit Journal – Contest for Horseless Carriages'', Paris-Rouen.<br />''[[Le Petit Journal (newspaper)|Le Petit Journal]]'' <br />Sunday 22 July 1894

Image:Petit_Journal_22_7_1894_vapeur_Serpollet_voiture_a_7_places_completes_Paris-Rouen.jpg|Serpollet <br />steam car with 7 seats <br />Ernest Archdeacon finished 16th<br />''Le Petit Journal – Contest for Horseless Carriages'', Paris-Rouen.<br />''[[Le Petit Journal (newspaper)|Le Petit Journal]]'' <br />Sunday 22 July 1894

Image:Petit_Journal_22_7_1894_Voiture_Chastel_et_David_vapeur_Serpollet_competes_in_Paris-Rouen.jpg|Chastel et David Serpollet <br />steam <br />did not finish<br />''Le Petit Journal – Contest for Horseless Carriages'', Paris-Rouen.<br />''[[Le Petit Journal (newspaper)|Le Petit Journal]]'' <br />Sunday 22 July 1894
</gallery>

==See also==
{{Portal|Sports}}
* [[1896 Paris–Marseille–Paris]]
* [[Motorsport before 1906]]
* [[Paris–Bordeaux–Paris]]
* [[Paris–Madrid race]]
* [[Peugeot Type 5]]
* [[Peugeot Type 6/7]]
* [[Peugeot Type 8]]

==Notes==
{{Noteslist}}

==References==
=== Citations ===
{{Reflist}}

===Other sources===
* [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb32895690j/date Gallica, Online Archive, ''Le Petit Journal'' Index]
* [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k613010m Gallica, Online Archive, ''Le Petit Journal'' 19 December 1893 – Announcement]
* [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k613222b Gallica, Online Archive, ''Le Petit Journal'' Wednesday 18 July 1894 – Selection I]
* [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k613222b Gallica, Online Archive, ''Le Petit Journal'' Thursday 19 July 1894 – Selection report]
* [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k613223q Gallica, Online Archive, ''Le Petit Journal'' Friday 20 July 1894 – ]
* [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6132243/f1.zoom Gallica, Online Archive, ''Le Petit Journal'' Saturday 21 July 1894 – Selection II]
* [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k613225g.zoom Gallica, Online Archive, ''Le Petit Journal'' Sunday 22 July 1894 – Race day]
* [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k613226v.zoom Gallica, Online Archive, ''Le Petit Journal'' Monday 23 July 1894 – Report]
* [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6132277.image Gallica, Online Archive, ''Le Petit Journal'' Tuesday 24 July 1894 – Prizes]
* [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb32836564q/date.langEN?resetFilAriane=true Gallica, Online Archive, ''Le Petit Journal'' Supplement du Dimanche. Illustre. – index]
* [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k716081f.image.langEN Gallica, Online Archive, ''Le Petit Journal'' 6 August 1894]
* [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k716081f.image.langEN.swf Gallica, Online Archive, ''Le Petit Journal'' 6 August 1894. Leaf through the magazine. ]
* The Early History of Motoring by [[Claude Johnson|Claude Goodman Johnson]]
* Richard J. Evans: Steam Cars (Shire Album), Shire Publications Ltd (1985)  {{ISBN|978-0852637746}}, p. 15

==External links==
{{Commons category|1894 Paris-Rouen race}}
* [http://www.cc-organisation.com/CC-Organisation.com/Course_Paris_-_Rouen.html CC Organisation – Course Paris-Rouen]
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20131202232039/http://www.genesis2scale.com/__museum/_europe/_1800panhard/_1894panhard/1894panhardmain.htm European Motoring Museum, Drawing of the 1894 Panhard & Levassor, number 64] driven by [[Émile Mayade]], equipped with "four-poster" draperies.
* [http://www.worldcarfans.com/104090110307/first-competition-of-the-vehicles-without-horses First Competition of the Vehicles Without Horses]
* [http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b84364160.langFR Original photography by R. Girard]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Paris-Rouen (motor race)}}
[[Category:1894 establishments in France]]
[[Category:1894 in French motorsport]]
[[Category:1894 in sports]]
[[Category:Auto races in France]]
[[Category:Defunct auto racing series]]
[[Category:Defunct sports competitions in France]]
[[Category:History of Paris]]
[[Category:History of Rouen]]
[[Category:July 1894 events]]
[[Category:Sport in Rouen]]
[[Category:Sports competitions in Paris]]