View source for Perseus Digital Library

{{short description|Digital library of Tufts University}}
{{Infobox library
| name                = Perseus Digital Library
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| scope               = [[Ancient Greece]], [[Ancient Rome]], [[Arabic|Arabic Materials]], [[Germanic peoples|Germanic Materials]], [[19th century in the United States|19th-century America]], [[Early modern English]] literature, [[Richmond Times Dispatch]] and Humanist and Renaissance Italian Poetry in Latin 
| established         = 1987
| location            = [[Tufts University]]
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| director            = Gregory Crane
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| website             = {{URL|http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper}}
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The '''Perseus Digital Library''', formerly known as the '''Perseus Project''', is a free-access [[digital library]] founded by Gregory Crane in 1987 and hosted by the Department of Classical Studies of [[Tufts University]]. One of the pioneers of digital libraries, its self-proclaimed mission is to make the full record of humanity available to everyone. While originally focused on the [[ancient Greece|ancient Greco]][[ancient Rome|-Roman]] world, it has since diversified and offers materials in [[Arabic]], [[Germanic languages|Germanic]], [[English Renaissance]] literature, [[19th century in the United States|19th century American]] documents and [[Italian poetry]] in [[Latin]], and has sprouted several child projects and international cooperation. The current version, Perseus 4.0, is also known as the Perseus Hopper, and is [[Mirror site|mirrored]] by the [[University of Chicago]].

== Purpose ==
The Perseus Digital Library was created to provide access to materials of the history of humanity to everyone, with Gregory Crane, the editor-in-chief of the library, stating that "access to the cultural heritage of humanity is a right, not a privilege".{{R|Lang}}

=== Open Source ===
This notably means that the Perseus Digital Library tries not to be exclusive to academics but aims to be accessible to everyone.{{R|Lang}}{{R|Minds Alive}} To reflect this, the library supports [[open-source content]] and has published its code on [[SourceForge]]. The website is written in [[JavaScript|Java]], uses sustainable formats such as [[XML]] and [[JPEG]],{{R|Preece-Zepeda}} and includes native support for the [[Greek alphabet|Greek]], [[Latin alphabet|Latin]] and [[Arabic alphabet|Arabic]] alphabets. It allows users to download all materials that belong to the public domain along with the [[Creative Commons]] rights information that specify their conditions of use. While automated downloading is not authorized, in order to protect items subject to intellectual property, the library offers download packages to the public.{{R|Lang}}

The Perseus Digital library also adheres to sets of standards edified by other projects. It follows the norms of the [[Text Encoding Initiative]] for its XML mark-up. In the same vein, the library has applied the Canonical Text Services (CTS) protocol regarding citations to its classical Greek-Latin corpus.{{R|Lang}}{{R|Preece-Zepeda}}

Following this philosophy, Perseus chooses to use [[copyright]]-free texts, be it in the primary readings or in their translations and commentaries. For these reasons, the texts hosted necessarily date at the latest from the 19th and early 20th century, and must be divided into books, chapters and sections to be displayed individually. As such, those translations and [[Commentary (philology)|commentaries]] can be outdated compared to the current state of the research, which can prove problematic when most of the now canonically accepted versions of ancient texts were established and sectioned later, during the 20th century.{{R|Lang}}
Perseus however tries to make rare and out-of-print materials accessible,{{R|Wulfman}} and, for some texts, the material one can find on the website is the only one that was produced, which makes it especially valuable to scholars.{{R|Lang}}

Some content is restricted by [[intellectual property]] [[license#Intellectual property|license]] agreements with the holders of the rights to that material. This is notably the case for the pictures of artifacts that come from partnership with museums.{{R|Lang}}

==History==
The Perseus Library is one of the first digital libraries to have been created, and is widely regarded as a pioneer in the field and a role model of other similar initiatives.{{R|Wulfman}}{{R|Coffee-Bernstein}}{{R|Svensson}}{{R|"Digital Humanities Companion"}}{{R|Xie-Matusiak}}

The Perseus Library first originated as a branch of the [[Thesaurus Linguae Graecae]], from a full-text retrieval tool on [[ancient Greece|Ancient Greek]] materials made by Gregory Crane, who became the editor-in-chief of the project ever since it was created.{{R|"Minds Alive"}} The goal of the library was to provide a wider access to knowledge, past the academical field; to quote the mission statement, "to make a full record of humanity, as intellectually accessible as possible, to every human being, regardless of linguistic or cultural background".{{R|"Official Website"}}

The planning period took place from 1985 to 1988, with the development of the Ancient Greek collection starting in 1987 thanks to funding from the [[Annenberg Foundation|Annenberg-CPB Project]] which allowed the Perseus Project to be developed.{{R|Preece-Zepeda}}

Perseus 1.0, or HyperCard Perseus, was a [[CD-ROM]] released in 1992 by [[Yale University]], using the Apple [[HyperCard]] for [[McIntosh (apple)|McIntosh]].{{R|"Minds Alive"}}{{R|Preece-Zepeda}}{{R|"Digital Humanities Companion"}} For practical reasons, it was limited to ancient Greek materials, and contained the texts of nine major Greek authors along with an English translation and commentary.{{R|"Minds Alive"}} The collection was enriched by use of [[hyperlink]] technology and contextual material such as pictures of artifacts, an atlas as well as an historical timeline, and an enclycopedia of places, people and terminology, in an attempt to help non-academic users gain access to the material.{{R|"Minds Alive"}}{{R|Preece-Zepeda}} Perseus 1.0 got nonetheless criticized for its "difficulty of use and odd content, both specialised and lacking".{{R|"Bryn Mawr"}}  Furthermore, it was not a true digital library, but rather more a CD-ROM of primary readings published with various additional information.{{R|Preece-Zepeda}}

A second version of the CD-ROM came in 1996 in the form of Perseus 2.0, which mainly expanded the collection of pictures. It was still limited to McIntosh computers, until a platform-independent version got released in 2000.{{R|"Minds Alive"}}{{R|Preece-Zepeda}}

Hardware limitations induced costs and limited the scope of the projects, which ultimately led to the CD-ROM versions of Perseus only covering Greek material. Moreover, they were very expensive: even though the price was to only make minimal profits, the CDs cost between $150 and $350 depending on the amount of material included, and were only released in North America, which severely limited worldwide accessibility.{{R|"Minds Alive"}}

After moving to Tufts University in 1993,{{R|Preece-Zepeda}} the Perseus Library switched to a website version in 1995 written in [[Perl]].{{R|"Minds Alive"}}{{R|Preece-Zepeda}}{{R|Xie-Matusiak}} Thanks to this new interface, Perseus-Online could reach a wider audience. However, Perseus was still bound by copyright agreements made with the CD-ROM company, which limited the reuse of material.{{R|"Minds Alive"}}

Perseus 2.0 Online expanded the collection in 1997, adding [[Ancient Rome|Roman]] materials as well as [[Renaissance]] texts of [[Shakespeare]] and [[Christopher Marlowe|Marlowe]]. This version also introduced a search bar on the website, as well as articles which presented information on Heracles and the Olympic Games, which were quite successful.{{R|"Minds Alive"}} In 1999, a grant from the Digital Library Initiative Phase 2 allowed Perseus to expand into other areas of Humanities and to create collections on the [[History of London]] and the [[American Civil War]].{{R|Preece-Zepeda}}{{R|Xie-Matusiak}}

Perseus 3.0 released in 2000 directly on the web.{{R|Preece-Zepeda}} This version expanded and revised the website, adding new collections, but it was subject to some issues when it came to making links to material stable and consistent.{{R|"Minds Alive"}}

The current version of Perseus, Perseus 4.0, also known as the Perseus Hopper, was released in 2005, with Perseus 3.0 coexisting alongside and slowly fading out, until it got taken down in 2009.{{R|"Minds Alive"}}{{R|Preece-Zepeda}} This time, the website was based on [[Java (programming language)|Java]], written in the open-sourced language Hopper and TEI-compliant XML. The shift allowed Perseus to produce its own XML-encoded texts, which were not bound by copyright agreements. The Greek, Latin and English collections were released in 2006 under a Creative Commons License.{{R|"Minds Alive"}} The source code got subsequently released in 2007.{{R|"Minds Alive"}}

Perseus has nowadays branched into other projects: the Scaife Viewer, which is the first phase of the work towards Perseus 5.0,{{R|"Scaife Youtube"}} the Perseus Catalog,{{R|Lang}}{{R|Babeu}}{{R|"Perseus Youtube"}} which provides links to the digital editions not hosted by the Perseus Library, the Perseids Project,{{R|Lang}} which aims to support access to Classics scholarship by providing tools to foster language acquisition, facilitate working with documents, and encourage research, and, more recently, the Beyond Translation project, which aims to combine the Scaife Viewer with new versions and services of Perseus 4.0.{{R|"Official Website"}}

Furthermore, the library has been cooperating internationally with [[Leipzig University]], with several projects emerging of it, such as the Ancient Greek and Latin Dependency Treebank, for classical philology, Leipzig Open Fragmentary Texts Series (LOFTS) which focuses on fragmentary texts,{{R|LOFTS}} the Open Greek and Latin Project and Open Persian.{{R|Lang}}

== Content ==
=== Collections ===
The Perseus Digital Library contains online collections on the Humanities pertaining to different subjects. 
The main collection focuses on the classical materials of ancient Greece and ancient Rome, and features an extensive number of texts written in Ancient Greek and Latin chosen for their status as a canonical literary text, in a degree of completeness and representativeness no other digital library can claim.{{R|Lang}} It has however been noted that the materials that weren't included on account on not being traditionally studied are further devalued by the lack of representation.{{R|Lang}}

The library does not only host primary readings. Partnerships with museums allowed it to build a consequent collection of artifacts which showcases pictures of coins, sculptures, vases, but also gems, buildings and sites, as well as information concerning the context of artifact and its current location.{{R|"Official Website"}}{{R|"Perseus Youtube"}}
Moreover, Perseus includes commentaries and translations that are free of copyright. However, to be free of copyright, texts have to be sufficiently old, and, as a result, Classics scholars have insisted that the commentaries and translations provided by Perseus cannot be used in an academical setting due to their age and the existence of more recent editions for the most often researched texts.{{R|Lang}}

Although the classical section is the most complete and established of the website, the Perseus Digital Library is not limited to this collection, and has branched throughout its existence into other categories of knowledge.
Materials on early modern English literature are as such available, and used to be called the Perseus Garner.{{R|Wulfman}} They consisted of a heterogeneous compilation of primary materials from the early modern period in England, as well as selected secondary materials from the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, comprising the works of [[Christopher Marlowe]], the Globe Shakespeare, volumes from the New Variorum Shakespeare Series, [[Raphael Holinshed|Raphael Holinshed's]] Chronicles, [[Richard Hakluyt|Richard Hakluyt's]] Voyages and the rhetorical works of [[Henry Peacham (born 1546)|Henry Peacham]] and [[Thomas Wilson (rhetorician)|Thomas Wilson]], among other primary sources. Several reference works, include glossaries and lexicons, are also included.{{R|Wulfman}} This collection of texts has however been criticized for its choices of inclusion, and described as neither balanced nor complete, and texts not included are devalued by their absence.{{R|Lang}}

Records from [[American Memory]], a corpus of electronic versions of the [[Library of Congress]] archival collections related to the cultural heritage of the United States, were harvested in order to offer a collection on the history of the 19th-century United States.{{R|Preece-Zepeda}} This third-party collection was further completed by materials on the [[American Civil War]]. This sub-collection, as well as materials on the Humanist and Renaissance Italian Poetry in Latin and the [[Richmond Times Dispatch]], are regarded as fairly complete due to their narrow subject.

Perseus also hosts a variety of documents on the study of [[Germanic people]], such as [[Beowulf]] and a variety of sagas in [[Old Norse]] along with translations.{{R|"Official Website"}} This sub-section has been described as fairly good, considering that this field of research is less well researched than the other.{{R|Lang}}

Finally, the Perseus Digital Library hosts [[Arabic]] materials, but its selection is limited to the [[Quran]] and dictionaries.{{R|Lang}}{{R|"Official Website"}}

The Library used to host the Bolles Collection of the [[History of London]], a digitized recreation of an existing special collection homogeneous in theme but heterogeneous in content, which interlinks maps of London, relevant texts, and historical and contemporary illustrations of the city.{{R|"Digital Humanities Companion"}} The collection got transferred to the [[Tufts Digital Library]]. The same can be said of the Duke Databank of Documentary Papyri and the history of Tufts, which used to be on the website as well (Perseus). A section on the history of mechanics also used to be present on Perseus.{{R|Preece-Zepeda}}

=== Use of technology ===
The Perseus Library follows the goal of [[Digital Humanities]], which is to capitalize on the use of modern technology to further research in Classics and facilitate understanding of the material. As such, it uses a variety of tools to enrich the texts it hosts.

One of the way it does so is by automatically linking the texts to additional materials. Interlinks exist between a primary reading, its different versions, and its translations and commentaries. Users can also find maps of places mentioned in the texts as well as a historical timeline, and search tools allow readers to look for a text by its author or the presence of a specific [[lemma (morphology)|lemma]] or word.{{R|Lang}}{{R|Preece-Zepeda}}{{R|"Rydberg-Cox Libraries"}}{{R|Mahoney}}
Perseus also enhanced its texts through TEI-compliant<ref>{{Cite web |title=TEI: Text Encoding Initiative |url=https://tei-c.org/ |access-date=2023-06-19 |website=tei-c.org}}</ref> [[markup language]], which allows each word to be linked to a dictionary entry, a [[Morphology (linguistics)|morphological]] analysis tool known as Morpheus, a [[Word list|word frequency]] tool, and other texts where the word is used.{{R|Lang}}{{R|Wulfman}}{{R|"Rydberg-Cox Libraries"}}
Since the mark-up is automatically generated, older sections of the libraries have been noted to be less rich and complete than newer ones.{{R|Lang}} This structure allows for a machine-readable and searchable environment, and one of Perseus' goals is the automated generation of knowledge through [[text mining|text and data mining]].{{R|Preece-Zepeda}}

Each section of a text and item is also given a stable identifier of 10 digits,{{R|Preece-Zepeda}} which makes citations possible{{R|"Perseus Youtube"}} in the form of four different [[Uniform Resource Identifier|URIs]] (text, citation, work, catalog record) containing [[Uniform Resource Name|URNs]];{{R|Lang}} furthermore, metadata schemes are employed as to make each section or object meaningful outside of the context of the library.{{R|Preece-Zepeda}} Those sections are also given a Creative Commons license indicating conditions of use.{{R|Lang}}
However, one should note the lack of a TEI-header containing bibliographical information and metadata about the respective source, and that such information needs to be searched for on the Perseus Catalog.{{R|Lang}}
 
As a result of the use of this technology, Perseus has been useful to scholars of [[Classics#Philology|classical philology]] and [[Classics#Ancient History|history]] in facilitating the study of the material,{{R|Lang}}{{R|"Rydberg-Cox Acquisition"}} but also to students who have benefited from the various tools the library offers.{{R|Preece-Zepeda}}{{R|Mahoney}}

=== Criticism on the website ===
The website has been criticised for being ergonomically poor and unintuitive, and new users may have problems accessing resources due to a confusing layout which seems to prioritize showcasing the Perseus Digital Library over its collections.{{R|Lang}}{{R|Preece-Zepeda}} The lack of presentation for collections accentuates this problem.{{R|Preece-Zepeda}} Accessibility is another issue, with pages not always adhering to the standards of the [[Section 508 Amendment to the Rehabilitation Act of 1973]].{{R|Preece-Zepeda}}

=== Sustainability ===
Perseus has proven convincing in terms of sustainability throughout its long history{{R|Lang}} and ability to evolve, having notably been able to migrate from the [[SGML]] format to XML in Perseus 4.0.{{R|Preece-Zepeda}} The preservation of the collections is further insured by a [[Fedora Commons]] Backend created in 2002{{R|"Minds Alive"}}{{R|Preece-Zepeda}} as well as a [[mirror site]] provided by the University of Chicago.{{R|Lang}}
<!--There seems to have been a mirror on the website of the Max Planck Society, but I cannot seem to find it-->

== Responsibility ==
=== Key Actors ===
The Perseus Digital Library has been under the consistent leadership of its founder and editor in chief Gregory Crane.{{R|"Minds Alive"}}{{R|Preece-Zepeda}} The library is nowadays located at [[Tufts University]] with a full-time staff of eight members, consisting of Gregory Crane, Marie-Claire Beaulieu, who has joined the project in 2010 and become its Associate Editor in 2013,{{R|"Beaulieu named Editor"}} Bridget Almas, lead [[Software development|software developer]] of the Perseus Digital Library and one of the primary programmers of the [[Alpheios Project]], Alison Babeu, Digital Librarian and Research Coordinator of the library since 2004, Lisa Cerrato, Managing Editor who was a part of Perseus since 1994, and Anna Krohn, digital library analyst and lead developer of the Perseus Catalog. Frederik Baumgardt and Tim Buckingham are also noted as working on the Perseids Project full time, respectively as Data Architect and Senior Research Coordinator.{{R|"Official Website"}}
A list of former staff and students can be found on the Perseus website.{{R|"Official Website"}}

=== Funding ===
A long list of agencies provided funding and grants to the Perseus Digital Library over the years. According to the home page of the Perseus website, the list of recent financial supporters includes: the [[Alpheios Project]], the [[Andrew W. Mellon Foundation]], the [[United States Department of Education]], the [[Institute of Museum and Library Services]], the [[National Endowment for the Humanities]] as well as private donors, and Tufts University.{{R|"Official Website"}}{{R|Preece-Zepeda}} The Mellon Foundation, Tufts University, [[Harvard University]]'s Center for Hellenic Studies and, mainly, the National Endowment for the Humanities are specifically noted as key donors that made the Beyond Translation project possible.{{R|"Official Website"}}

Additional support for the Perseus project has been provided over the years by the [[Annenberg/CPB Project|Annenberg Foundation]], [[Apple Computer|Apple Inc.]], the Berger Family Technology Transfer Endowment, the Digital Libraries Initiative Phase 2, the Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education part of the U.S. Department of Education, the Getty Grant program, the [[Modern Language Association]], the National Endowment for the Arts, the [[National Science Foundation]], the [[Packard Humanities Institute]], [[Xerox Corporation|Xerox]], [[Boston University]], and Harvard University.{{R|"Official Website"}}

== See also ==
* [[Digital humanities]]
* [[List of digital library projects]]
* [[Tufts University]]
* [[Alpheios Project]]
* [[Thesaurus Linguae Graecae]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|refs=
<ref name="Official Website">{{cite web |title=Official website of the Perseus Digital Library |url=http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/ |website=Perseus Digital Library |publisher=Tufts University |access-date=20 January 2023}}</ref>

<ref name="Lang">{{cite web |last1=Lang |first1=Sarah |title=Review of Perseus Digital Library |url=https://ride.i-d-e.de/issues/issue-8/perseus/ |website=RIDE |access-date=19 January 2023 |date=February 2018}}</ref>

<ref name="Minds Alive">{{cite book |last1=Rockwell |first1=Geoffrey |last2=Vela |first2=Sarah |last3=Cerrato |first3=Lisa M. |last4=Ilovan |first4=Mihaela |last5=Perseus Digital Library |last6=INKE Research Group |title=Minds Alive: Libraries and Archives Now |date=2020 |publisher=[[University of Toronto]] Press |isbn=9781487505271 |pages=101–117 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uBK_DwAAQBAJ |access-date=19 January 2023 |language=English |chapter=The Interface of a Digital Library: The Perseus Digital Library as a case study}}</ref>

<ref name="Preece-Zepeda">{{cite web |last1=Preece |first1=Emily |last2=Zepeda |first2=Christine |title=The Perseus Digital Library: A Case Study |date=3 December 2009 |hdl=2152/6836 |url=http://hdl.handle.net/2152/6836 |access-date=19 January 2023}}</ref>

<ref name="Wulfman">{{cite journal |last1=Wulfman |first1=Clifford E. |title=The Perseus Garner: Early Modern Resources in the Digital Age |journal=College Literature |date=Winter 2009 |volume=36 |issue=1 |pages=18–25 |doi=10.1353/lit.0.0043 |jstor=20642002 |s2cid=144317169 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/20642002 |access-date=19 January 2023}}</ref>

<ref name="Coffee-Bernstein">{{cite journal |last1=Coffee |first1=Neil |last2=Bernstein |first2=Neil W. |title=Digital Methods and Classical Studies |journal=Digital Humanities Quarterly |date=2016 |volume=10 |issue=2 |url=http://digitalhumanities.org:8081/dhq/vol/10/2/000253/000253.html |access-date=19 January 2023}}</ref>

<ref name="Svensson">{{cite book |last1=Svensson |first1=Patrik |title=Big Digital Humanities |date=2016 |publisher=University of Michigan Press |isbn=9780472053063 |pages=1–35 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctv65sx0t.5 |access-date=20 January 2023 |language=English |chapter=Introducing the Digital Humanities|doi=10.2307/j.ctv65sx0t.5 |jstor=j.ctv65sx0t.5 }}</ref>

<ref name="Digital Humanities Companion">{{cite web |last1=Schriebman |first1=Susan |last2=Siemens |first2=Ray |last3=Unsworth |first3=John |title=A Companion to Digital Humanities |url=https://companions.digitalhumanities.org/DH/ |access-date=19 January 2023}}</ref>

<ref name="Xie-Matusiak">{{cite book |last1=Xie |first1=Iris |last2=Matusiak |first2=Krystyna K. |title=Discover Digital Libraries |date=26 July 2016 |publisher=Elsevier |isbn=9780124171121 |pages=15–16 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=XoekAgAAQBAJ |access-date=19 January 2023}}</ref>

<ref name="Bryn Mawr">{{cite journal |last1=Wiltshire |first1=Sian |last2=Pearcy |first2=Lee T. |last3=Hamilton |first3=Richard |last4=Eiteljorg |first4=Harrison II |last5=O'Donnell |first5=James J. |title=Perseus 1.1: Interactive Sources and Studies on Ancient Greece |url=https://bmcr.brynmawr.edu/1992/1992.05.04/ |journal=Bryn Mawr Classical Review |access-date=19 January 2023 |date=1992}}</ref>

<ref name="Babeu">{{cite book |last1=Babeu |first1=Alison |title=Digital Classical Philology |date=5 August 2019 |publisher=De Gruyter |isbn=9783110596991 |access-date=19 January 2023 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QQ2rDwAAQBAJ}}</ref>

<ref name="LOFTS">{{cite journal |last1=Berti |first1=Monica |last2=Almas |first2=Bridget |last3=Crane |first3=Gregory R. |title=The Leipzig Open Fragmentary Texts Series (LOFTS) |journal=Digital Humanities Quarterly |date=2016 |volume=10 |issue=2 |url=http://digitalhumanities.org:8081/dhq/vol/10/2/000245/000245.html |access-date=19 January 2023}}</ref>

<ref name="Rydberg-Cox Libraries">{{cite book |last1=Rydberg-Cox |first1=Jeffrey |title=Digital Libraries and the Challenges of Digital Humanities |date=30 November 2005 |publisher=Elsevier Science |isbn=9781780630816 |pages=7–10 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5AekAgAAQBAJ |access-date=19 January 2023}}</ref>

<ref name="Mahoney">{{cite journal |last1=Mahoney |first1=Anne |title=Tools for Students in the Perseus Digital Library |journal=Calico Journal |date=2001 |volume=18 |issue=2 |pages=269–282 |doi=10.1558/cj.v18i2.269-282 |jstor=24147054 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/24147054 |access-date=20 January 2023}}</ref>

<ref name="Rydberg-Cox Acquisition">{{cite journal |last1=Rydberg-Cox |first1=Jeffrey |title=Co-occurrence patterns and lexical acquisition in ancient Greek texts |journal=Literary and Linguistic Computing |date=1 June 2000 |volume=15 |issue=2 |pages=121–130 |doi=10.1093/llc/15.2.121 |url=https://doi.org/10.1093/llc/15.2.121}}</ref>

<ref name="Beaulieu named Editor">{{cite web |last1=Cerrato |first1=Lisa M. |title=Marie-Claire Beaulieu Named Associate Editor of the Perseus Digital Library |url=https://sites.tufts.edu/perseusupdates/2013/01/02/marie-claire-beaulieu-named-associate-editor-of-the-perseus-digital-library/ |website=Perseus Digital Library Updates |access-date=19 January 2023}}</ref>

<ref name="Perseus Youtube">{{cite AV media |people=Make the Brain Happy |date=3 September 2018 |title=Perseus Digital Library |type=Video |language=English |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HfUDdKLc_Gc |access-date=19 January 2022 |publisher= YouTube}}</ref>

<ref name="Scaife Youtube">{{cite AV media |people=Make the Brain Happy |date=9 September 2018 |title= Scaife Viewer  |trans-title= |type=Video |language=English |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v4oymmVqTnc |access-date=19 January 2022 |publisher= YouTube}}</ref>
}}

== External links ==
* {{official website}}
* [https://perseus.uchicago.edu/ The mirror website of Perseus] hosted by the University of Chicago
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20091213191712/http://perseus.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/ Archive of Perseus 3.0]
* [https://catalog.perseus.org/ The Perseus Catalog]
* [https://www.perseids.org/ The Perseids Project]
* [https://scaife.perseus.org/ The Scaife Viewer], first phase of work towards Perseus 5.0
* [https://beyond-translation.perseus.org/ The Iliad seen in the Beyond Translation Project]
* [https://tei-c.org/ The Text Encoding Initiative]
* [http://cts.informatik.uni-leipzig.de/Canonical_Text_Service.html The Canonical Text Service]
* [https://sites.tufts.edu/digitalhumanities/ The Digital Humanities Department of Tufts University]
* [https://www.ch.uni-leipzig.de/ The Computational Humanities Department of Leipzig University]
* [https://perseusdl.github.io/treebank_data/ The Ancient Greek and Latin Dependency Treebank]
* [https://opengreekandlatin.org/ The Open Greek and Latin Project]
* [https://alpheios.net/ The Alpheios Project]

{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Digital humanities projects]]
[[Category:1987 establishments in Massachusetts]]
[[Category:Computing in classical studies]]
[[Category:Digital library projects]]
[[Category:Libraries established in 1987]]
[[Category:Text Encoding Initiative]]
[[Category:Tufts University]]