View source for Poland and the euro

{{Short description|Issues surrounding Poland and the Euro}}
{{Use British English|date=March 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2020}}
{{Euro accession map}}

[[Poland]] does not use the [[euro]] as its currency. However, under the terms of their [[Treaty of Accession 2003|Treaty of Accession]] with the [[European Union]], all new [[Member states of the EU|Member States]] "shall participate in the [[Economic and Monetary Union of the European Union|Economic and Monetary Union]] from the date of accession as a Member State with a derogation", which means that [[Poland]] is obliged to eventually replace its currency, the [[złoty]], with the [[euro]].

There is no target date for Polish euro adoption, and no fixed date for when the country will join ERM-II (the fifth [[euro convergence criteria|euro convergence criterion]]).<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://biznes.interia.pl/gospodarka/news-polska-w-strefie-euro-znajdziemy-sie-najwczesniej-po-2020-ro,nId,3959165|title=Polska w strefie euro znajdziemy się najwcześniej po 2020 roku|website=biznes.interia.pl}}</ref>

Euro adoption will require the approval of at least two-thirds of the [[Sejm]] to make a [[constitutional amendment]] changing the official currency from the złoty to the euro.<ref>[http://orka2.sejm.gov.pl/IZ6.nsf/main/6289803D Odpowiedź na interpelację w sprawie wprowadzenia unijnej waluty bez zmiany konstytucji<!-- Tytuł wygenerowany przez bota -->]</ref> The [[Law and Justice (Poland)|Law and Justice Party]], Poland's largest political party, opposes euro adoption.<ref name="prez"/><ref name="Puhl">{{cite web|url=http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/parties-in-poland-battle-over-whether-to-introduce-euro-a-881739.html|title=Core or Periphery?: Poland's Battle Over Embracing the Euro|last=Puhl|first=Jan|date=6 February 2013|access-date=2013-02-08|work=[[Der Spiegel]]}}</ref> Prime Minister [[Donald Tusk]] has said that he may agree to a referendum on euro participation in order to gain their support for a constitutional amendment. There is not yet any official information on the design process for the Polish national sides of the euro coins.

== Political preparations for euro adoption ==

=== Prior to 2004 ===
Plans to join the [[eurozone]] began back in 2003 before the accession to the [[European Union|EU]], when the contemporary premier [[Leszek Miller]] stated that Poland would join the [[eurozone]] between 2007 and 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wyborcza.pl/1,75248,1515032.html?disableRedirects=true|title=Premier Miller: euro między 2007 a 2009 r.|date=5 June 2003|work=Gazeta Wyborcza|access-date=2020-03-25|url-status=live|archive-url=https://archive.today/20210712054458/https://wyborcza.pl/7,75248,1515032.html <!--when archived it redirected to remove the "?disableRedirects=true" --> |archive-date=12 July 2021}}</ref> One of the leaders of [[Civic Platform]] party (PO), [[Jan Rokita]], was certain that the best way to converge to euro was through a unilateral [[Currency substitution#Euro|euroization]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.wprost.pl/tygodnik/74194/EuRokita.html|title=EuRokita|last=Zieliński|first=Michał|date=2005-03-13|website=Wprost|language=pl|access-date=2020-03-25}}</ref> Nevertheless, euroization is against the rules of the EU and it cannot be adopted by any Member State without the approval of the Union. Lastly, the plan was not finalized and Poland suspended it.

=== 2005–2007 ===
During the rule of the [[Law and Justice (Poland)|Law and Justice]], [[Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland]] and [[League of Polish Families]] coalition, the euro was not a priority on Poland's agenda. In 2006, prime minister [[Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz]] stated that the accession to [[Eurozone|euro area]] was only possible after 2009, as the Polish deficit could decrease to 3% of [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] by the end of 2007.<ref name="Polska">{{Cite web|url=https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/wiadomosci/artykul/euro;sie;przybliza,17,0,158481.html|title=Euro się przybliża|last=Polska|first=Grupa Wirtualna|date=2006-05-16|website=money.pl|language=pl-PL|access-date=2020-03-25}}</ref> The negotiations about Poland joining the [[eurozone]] were postponed.<ref name="Polska"/> The then-prime minister, [[Jarosław Kaczyński]], held an even more skeptical position. In his opinion, the euro was disadvantageous for Poland, as it would cause an increase in prices and the [[Polish złoty|złoty]] would lose stability.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wiadomosci.gazeta.pl/wiadomosci/1,114873,3710782.html|title=Premier z niechęcią myśli o strefie euro|website=gazetapl|language=pl|access-date=2020-03-25}}</ref>

=== 2008–2012 ===
The euro adoption process in Poland is regulated by the ''Strategic Framework for National Euro Changeover Plan'' (adopted by the Council of Ministers in 2010) and the ''National Euro Changeover Plan'' (approved in 2011 by the Committee for European Affairs). The plan comprises an economic impact assessment of the euro adoption, followed by a chapter on the measures needed to ensure Polish compliance with the "Maastricht convergence criteria", and finally a roadmap for the euro changeover process.

On 10 September 2008, speaking at the launch of an economic forum in a Polish resort of [[Krynica-Zdrój]], Polish Prime Minister [[Donald Tusk]] announced the ruling government's objective to join the [[Eurozone]] in 2012, which was confirmed by the government on 28 October 2008.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/feedarticle/7941150 | title=Polish govt confirms euro plan despite hurdles | access-date=4 November 2008 | work=[[The Guardian]]| location=London }}{{Dead link|date=August 2009}}</ref> However, Poland's then President [[Lech Kaczynski]] wanted euro adoption put to a referendum.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/7695487.stm|title=Poland may get referendum on euro|date=2008-10-28|publisher=[[BBC]]|access-date=2015-08-26}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tvn24.pl/wiadomosci-z-kraju,3/l-kaczynski-najpierw-referendum-potem-euro,75326.html|title=L. Kaczyński: najpierw referendum, potem euro|date=2008-10-31|access-date=2015-08-26}}</ref> Finance Minister Dominik Radziwill said on 10 July 2009 that Poland could meet the fiscal criteria by 2012 and enter the Eurozone in 2014.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.forbes.com/feeds/afx/2009/07/10/afx6639963.html |title=Poland may adopt euro before 2014-Deputy FinMin |work=Forbes |date=10 July 2009 |access-date=31 July 2010 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090715062253/http://www.forbes.com/feeds/afx/2009/07/10/afx6639963.html |archive-date=15 July 2009 }}</ref> On 5 November 2009, speaking at the news conference, Polish Deputy Finance Minister Ludwik Kotecki said the government may announce a national strategy for euro adoption in mid-2010.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601095&sid=aLCe.gzN9j1A | title=Kotecki Says Poland Has No Plan to Suspend Debt Rules  | access-date=12 November 2009 | publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] | date=5 November 2009}}</ref> In an interview for Rzeczpospolita dated 22 October 2009, he also said Poland could adopt the euro in 2014 if the general government deficit is reduced in 2012.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601095&sid=awhd8NVYSC.A | title=Polish 2010 Gap Below 8% of GDP, Kotecki Tells Rzeczpospolita  | access-date=12 November 2009 | publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.]] | date=22 October 2009}}</ref> Former President [[Lech Kaczyński]] said at a news conference that Poland was unable to join [[Eurozone]] before 2015, and even that date was still very optimistic. Also, Polish government officials had confirmed that [[Poland]] would not join Eurozone in 2012.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tvp.info/informacje/biznes/euro-nie-w-2012-roku |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://archive.today/20120915072911/http://www.tvp.info/informacje/biznes/euro-nie-w-2012-roku |archive-date=15 September 2012 |title=Euro nie w 2012 roku |lang=pl |date=29 July 2009 |website=[[TVP Info]]}}</ref> On Friday, 11 December 2009, Polish Prime Minister [[Donald Tusk]] said Poland could join the eurozone in 2015.<ref>
{{cite web | url=http://www.forexpros.com/news/forex-news/update-1-polish-pm-says-2015-realistic-date-for-euro-entry-107041 | title=Polish PM says 2015 realistic date for euro entry | publisher=ForexPros | date=11 December 2009|access-date=22 December 2009}}</ref> Speaking during Finance Ministry-organized seminar on the euro-adoption process on 15 December 2009, Deputy Minister of Finance [[Ludwik Kotecki]] said the year 2015 is more likely than 2014, however he declined to specify the official target date.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://en.mercopress.com/2009/12/15/poland-delays-adoption-of-the-euro-until-2015 | title=Poland delays adoption of the Euro until 2015 | publisher=MercoPress | date=16 December 2009| access-date=22 December 2009}}</ref>

In the years following the [[Great Recession]], economic statistics showed that the [[devaluation]] of its floating currency the [[złoty]] led Polish products to become more competitively priced to foreign buyers, and because of that, Poland had a higher economic [[GDP growth]] in subsequent years than if the country had been a part of the [[eurozone]].{{citation needed|date=February 2013}}  The Polish government advocated in 2012 that it would only be wise for Poland to join the eurozone once the [[European sovereign debt crisis|euro crisis]] had ended, based on the argument that delaying their accession would minimise the risk for Poland to become one of the net financial [[creditor]]s to other eurozone countries in financial difficulties.<ref name=wsj120605>{{cite news | url = https://blogs.wsj.com/emergingeurope/2012/06/05/euro%E2%80%99s-popularity-hits-record-low-in-poland/ | title = Euro's Popularity Hits Record Low in Poland | first = Marcin | last = Sobczyk | work = [[The Wall Street Journal]] | date = 5 June 2012 }}</ref>

In December 2011, Polish foreign minister [[Radosław Sikorski]] said that Poland aimed to adopt the euro on 1 January 2016, but only if "the eurozone is reformed by then, and the entrance is beneficial to us."<ref>Bloomberg Businessweek. 2 December 2011. [http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9RCGVPG2.htm Official: Poland to be ready for euro in 4 years] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120815170839/http://www.businessweek.com/ap/financialnews/D9RCGVPG2.htm |date=15 August 2012 }}</ref> The Polish government planned to comply with all the [[Euro convergence criteria]] by 2015.<ref name="wsj120605"/> In autumn 2012, the Monetary Policy Council of the Polish National Bank published its official monetary guidelines for 2013, confirming earlier political statements that Poland should only join the ERM-II once the existing eurozone countries have overcome the current [[European sovereign-debt crisis|sovereign-debt crisis]], to maximise the benefits of monetary integration and minimise associated costs.<ref name="Monetary policy guidelines for 2013">{{cite web |url=http://orka.sejm.gov.pl/Druki7ka.nsf/0/B8B64432DCBBA328C1257A8B00371E53/$File/764.pdf |title=Monetary policy guidelines for 2013 (print nr.764)|language=pl |work=The Monetary Policy Council of the Polish National Bank (page 9)|publisher=Sejm|date=27 September 2012|access-date=28 October 2012}}</ref> The governor of the National Bank, Marek Belka, has stated that the euro will not be adopted before the end of his term in 2016.<ref name="wsj120605"/>

In late 2012, Tusk announced that he planned to launch a "national debate" on euro adoption the following spring, and in December 2012, Polish Finance Minister Jacek Rostowski said that his country should strive to adopt the euro as soon as possible. On 21 December 2012, it was announced by the Ministry of Finance that they planned to update the country's National Euro Changeover Plan in 2013, mainly due to the recent institutional changes in the eurozone which require additional considerations. One of the key details investigated as part of the work to update the plan is whether or not an amendment to Article 227 of the [[Constitution of the Republic of Poland]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sejm.gov.pl/prawo/konst/angielski/kon1.htm | title=Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2nd April 1997, as published in Dziennik Ustaw (Journal of Laws) No. 78, item 483 | publisher=Parliament of the Republic of Poland | access-date=25 September 2009}}</ref> will need to be passed to change the currency from the Złoty to the euro and to enact changes to the central bank.<ref name="www.fxstreet.com">{{cite web|url=https://www.fxstreet.com/news/ |title=Polish charter must change before ERM-2 |publisher=fxstreet.com |access-date=25 September 2008 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090423175852/http://www.fxstreet.com/news/forex-news/article.aspx?StoryId=c5dfd795-8560-498d-99ec-cc0066d38786 |archive-date=23 April 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.archbip.mf.gov.pl/bip/22829.html|title=European Committee adopted the Strategic Framework NPWE|date=12 April 2010|access-date=2013-02-21|publisher=[[Ministry of Finance (Poland)|Ministry of Finance of Poland]]}}</ref> 

Despite the Polish government under Prime Minister [[Donald Tusk]] having favoured euro adoption in 2012, it however did not have the required two-thirds majority in the [[Sejm]] to amend the constitution to make it legally compatible with euro adoption, due to the opposition of the [[Law and Justice (Poland)|Law and Justice Party]] to the euro.<ref name="prez"/><ref name="Puhl"/><ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.sejm.gov.pl/prawo/konst/angielski/kon1.htm | title=Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 2nd April 1997, as published in Dziennik Ustaw (Journal of Laws) No.&nbsp;78, item&nbsp;483 | publisher=Parliament of the Republic of Poland | access-date=25 September 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/uk-poland-euro-idUKBRE96503N20130706/|title=Poland will not be able to adopt the euro for years - PM Tusk|date=6 July 2013|access-date=12 March 2024|publisher=Reuters|author=Karolina Slowikowska}}</ref> The Polish Finance Minister emphasised that the government's support for euro adoption remained unchanged as a strategic goal, and would not be changed in the updated plan.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://biznes.pl/wiadomosci/raporty/mf-planuje-w-2013-r-aktualizacje-narodowego-planu-,5377125,1,5415994,43,news-detal.html|title=Ministry of Finance in 2013, plans to update the National Euro Changeover Plan|language=pl|publisher=Biznes.pl|date=21 December 2012|access-date=21 February 2013}}</ref> At the same time, the [[European debt crisis]] gave the government reason to wait for increased stability in the euro.<ref>Kawecka-Wyrzykowska, E. (2013). Poland’s Public Finance Convergence with the Euro Area. Central European Business Review, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 51–60. ISSN 1805-4862. Available online at: http://cebr.vse.cz/cebr/article/download/70/55</ref>

=== 2013–present ===
In January 2013, [[Polish President]] [[Bronislaw Komorowski]] stated that a decision on euro adoption should not be made until after parliamentary and presidential elections scheduled for 2015, but that in the meantime the country should try to comply with the convergence criteria.<ref name="prez">{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-poland-euro-idUSBRE90L0A320130122|title=Poland president says no euro entry decision before 2015 ballots|date=22 January 2013|access-date=2013-02-09|work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> In February 2013, [[Jaroslaw Kaczynski]], leader of the [[Law and Justice (Poland)|Law and Justice Party]] stated that "I do not foresee any moment when the adoption of the euro would be advantageous for us" and called for a referendum on euro adoption.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thenews.pl/1/12/Artykul/127752,Kaczynski-calls-for-referendum-on-euro|title=Polish opposition calls for single currency referendum|date=19 February 2013|access-date=2013-02-22|publisher=[[Polskie Radio]]}}</ref> Rostowski has stated that Poland will not set a target date for the switch since the country first needs to carry out reforms to prepare itself.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-02-18/poland-s-euro-bid-requires-revamp-not-deadline-rostowski.html|title=Poland's Euro Bid Requires Revamp Not Deadline: Rostowski|publisher=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]]|date=18 February 2013|access-date=2013-02-22|last=Lovasz|first=Agnes}}</ref> In March 2013, Tusk said for the first time that he would be open to considering a referendum on euro participation – decided by simple majority – provided that it was part of a package in which the parliament first approved the necessary constitutional amendment to adopt the euro subject to approval in a referendum.<ref>{{cite news|last=Cienski|first=Jan|title=Poland opens way to euro referendum|url=http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/d1ea63fc-9636-11e2-9ab2-00144feabdc0.html|access-date=28 March 2013|newspaper=Financial Times|date=26 March 2013}}</ref> In April 2013 [[Marek Belka]], head of [[National Bank of Poland]], said that Poland should demand to be permitted to adopt the euro without first joining the ERM-II due to concerns over [[currency speculation]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wbj.pl/article-62405-belka-suggests-poland-should-adopt-euro-without-erm-ii.html|title=Belka suggests Poland should adopt euro without ERM II|date=2013-04-08|access-date=2013-04-27|work=[[Warsaw Business Journal]]|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130416024601/http://wbj.pl/article-62405-belka-suggests-poland-should-adopt-euro-without-erm-ii.html|archive-date=16 April 2013|url-status=dead}}</ref> Following the [[2014 Russian military intervention in Ukraine]], Belka said that Poland needed to reevaluate its reluctance to join the eurozone.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-03-03/ukraine-crisis-means-poland-needs-to-reconsider-euro-belka-says.html | work=Bloomberg | title=Ukraine Crisis Means Poland Needs to Reconsider Euro, Belka Says|date=3 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://wpolityce.pl/polityka/187883-marek-belka-nadal-chce-do-strefy-euro-ale-nie-za-szybko-kilka-dni-temu-zasugerowal-pod-wplywem-wiesci-z-krymu-ze-powinno-sie-ten-proces-przyspieszyc|title=Marek Belka still wants the eurozone, but "not too fast". A few days ago he suggested – under the influence of news from the Crimea, that should speed up the process|language=pl|date=14 March 2014}}</ref> In June 2014, a joint statement by the finance minister, central bank chief and president of Poland stated that Poland should begin a debate shortly after the [[2015 Polish parliamentary election|2015 parliamentary elections]] about when to adopt the euro,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/poland-euro-idUSL6N0OL3SU20140604|title=UPDATE 1-Polish officials display new appetite for adopting the euro|work=Reuters|date=4 June 2014}}</ref> leading to a roadmap decision that might even include identification of a target date.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newsweek.com/polish-president-wants-euro-decision-after-2015-vote-report-278424|title=Polish President Wants Decision on Joining the Euro After 2015 Election|work=Newsweek|date=20 October 2014}}</ref>

In October 2014, the Deputy Prime Minister [[Janusz Piechociński]] suggested that Poland should join the Eurozone in 2020 at the earliest.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://biznes.interia.pl/wiadomosci/news/piechocinski-w-strefie-euro-znajdziemy-sie-najwczesniej-po,2051575,4199#iwa_item=5&iwa_img=0&iwa_hash=16484&iwa_block=facts_news_small&iwa_testab=a|title=Poland in the eurozone will find at the earliest after 2020 (Polska w strefie euro znajdziemy się najwcześniej po 2020 roku)|language=pl|publisher=Interia Biznes|date=10 October 2014}}</ref> The newly elect Prime Minister, [[Ewa Kopacz]], having replaced Donald Tusk for the final year of the government's term, at the same time commented: "Before answering the question which target date should be set for the euro changeover, we must ask another: What is the situation of the eurozone and where are they going? If the eurozone will strengthen, then Poland should fulfill all the criteria for inclusion, which would in any case be good for the economy."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://zahranicni.ihned.cz/c1-62889080-nova-polska-vlada-chce-vetsi-vojenskou-pritomnost-usa-a-rychly-prechod-k-euru|title=Nová polská vláda chce větší vojenskou přítomnost USA a rychlý přechod k euru (The new Polish government wants greater US military presence and a quick transition to the euro)|language=cs|publisher=Hospodářské Noviny iHNed|date=1 October 2014}}</ref> The PM hereby referred to the earlier political decision of first letting the ''National Coordination Committee for Euro Changeover'' complete its update of the changeover plan, which await a prior establishment of the [[banking union]], before setting a target date for euro adoption.{{Non-euro_currencies_of_the_European_Union/RefTag|1='''Cite from the 2014 Polish convergence report:''' ''Due to the significant reform agenda in the European Union and in the euro area, the current objective is to update the National Euro Changeover Plan with reference to the impact of those changes on Poland’s euro adoption strategy. The date of completion of the document is conditional on the adoption of binding solutions on the EU forum concerning the key institutional changes, in particular, those referring to the [[European Union banking union|banking union]]. The outcome of these changes determines the area of the necessary institutional and legal adjustments as well as the national balance of costs and benefits arising from introduction of the common currency.''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ec.europa.eu/europe2020/pdf/csr2014/cp2014_poland_en.pdf|title=Convergence programme: 2014 update|publisher=Republic of Poland|date=April 2014}}</ref>|name=Poland|group="nb"}}  More recently, Krzysztof Szczerski, the foreign affairs advisor to Poland's new President [[Andrzej Duda]], said in July 2015 that "Poles should decide in a referendum whether they want to embrace the euro".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dw.com/en/politics-derail-polands-quest-for-the-euro/a-18670762|title=Politics derail Poland's quest for the euro|date=2015-08-26|publisher=[[Deutsche Welle]]}}</ref>

In the [[2015 Polish parliamentary election]], the winning party was the eurosceptic [[Law and Justice (Poland)|Law and Justice]] party, which opposes euro adoption. On 13 April 2019 at a convention, [[Jarosław Kaczyński]], the leader of [[Law and Justice (Poland)|Law and Justice Party]] (PiS) stated: "We will adopt the euro someday, because we are committed to do so and we are and will be in the European Union, but we will accept it when it is in our interest".<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-poland-euro-idUSKCN1RP09H|title=Poland's Kaczynski says 'no' to the euro as part of election campaign|date=2019-04-13|work=Reuters|access-date=2020-03-25|language=en}}</ref> He came forth with a declaration, according to which the euro would not be introduced until Poland's economy catches up with Western European economies.<ref name="Bodalska">{{Cite web|url=https://www.euractiv.pl/section/instytucje-ue/news/w-polsce-poczatek-debaty-o-euro/|title=W Polsce początek debaty o euro?|last=Bodalska|first=Barbara|date=2019-04-23|website=euractiv.pl|language=pl-PL|access-date=2020-03-25}}</ref> In his view Poland should accept the euro only when the national economy will reach 85% of [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] per capita of Germany.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.polityka.pl/tygodnikpolityka/rynek/1715926,1,czy-polska-zdecyduje-sie-kiedys-na-europejska-walute.read|title=Czy Polska zdecyduje się kiedyś na europejską walutę|last=Wójcik|first=Łukasz|date=2017-08-15|website=polityka.pl|language=pl|access-date=2020-03-25}}</ref> Later on, [[Jarosław Kaczyński]] and premier [[Mateusz Morawiecki]] maintain that convergence to euro at this point would be harmful for Poland.<ref name="Bodalska"/>

In April 2024, the Finance Minister in the [[Third Cabinet of Donald Tusk|Tusk government]], [[Andrzej Domański]] stated that Poland is still not ready to adopt the euro, and added that having the zloty helped Poland avoid a [[recession]] in the aftermath of the [[2007–2008 financial crisis]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.ekathimerini.com/economy/1237734/poland-is-still-not-ready-to-adopt-the-euro-its-finance-minister-says/ |title=Poland is still not ready to adopt the euro, its finance minister says |date=30 April 2024}}</ref> This statement shows that the change of government, after the defeat of the PiS in the [[2023 Polish parliamentary election|2023 elections]], did not modify the stance of Poland on the adoption of the euro.

== The process for the introduction of the euro ==
While [[Donald Tusk]] held the post of the prime minister in Poland, first steps have been taken towards the creation of a interinstitutional organizational structure for euro adoption.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rp.pl/artykul/226379-Kotecki-wprowadzi-Polske-do-euro-.html|title=Kotecki wprowadzi Polskę do euro|website=Rzeczpospolita|language=pl|access-date=2020-03-25}}</ref> On 13 January 2009, the Government Plenipotentiary for Euro Adoption in the Republic of Poland was established, with Ludwik Kotecki being chosen for the role.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://prawo.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20090110060|title=Rozporządzenie Rady Ministrów z dnia 13 stycznia 2009 r. w sprawie ustanowienia Pełnomocnika Rządu do Spraw Wprowadzenia Euro przez Rzeczpospolitą Polską|website=prawo.sejm.gov.pl|access-date=2020-03-25}}</ref>

Subsequently, on 3 November 2009 new institutions were created: a National Coordination Committee for Euro Changeover, a Coordinating Council, Interinstitutional Working Committees for Preparation for the Introduction of the Euro by the Republic of Poland, and Task Groups.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20091951505|title=Rozporządzenie Rady Ministrów z dnia 3 listopada 2009 r. w sprawie powołania Narodowego Komitetu Koordynacyjnego do spraw Euro, Rady Koordynacyjnej oraz Międzyinstytucjonalnych Zespołów Roboczych do spraw Przygotowań do Wprowadzenia Euro przez Rzeczpospolitą Polską|website=isap.sejm.gov.pl|access-date=2020-03-25}}</ref>

The position of the Government Plenipotentiary for Euro Adoption in Poland was abolished on 28 December 2015 by Prime Minister [[Beata Szydło]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://prawo.sejm.gov.pl/isap.nsf/DocDetails.xsp?id=WDU20150002352|title=Rozporządzenie Rady Ministrów z dnia 28 grudnia 2015 r. w sprawie zniesienia Pełnomocnika Rządu do Spraw Wprowadzenia Euro przez Rzeczpospolitą Polską|website=prawo.sejm.gov.pl|access-date=2020-03-25}}</ref>

== Expected effects of the euro convergence ==
The adoption of the euro in Poland has been the subject of economic analysis by Polish finance experts. In 2017, the Robert Schuman Foundation and [[Konrad Adenauer Foundation]] in Poland prepared a report of three possible scenarios as a result of Poland acceding to the [[Eurozone|euro area]].<ref name="co dalej z euro">{{Cite web|url=http://www.euroreg.uw.edu.pl/pl/szukaj?q=co+dalej+z+euro|title=co dalej z euro?|year=2017|website=euroreg.uw.edu.pl|access-date=2020-03-25}}</ref> According to the report, delaying introduction of the euro would be a net negative for Poland.<ref name="co dalej z euro"/> Other research has included government reports drawn up by the Ministry of Finance in Poland in 2005<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://mf-arch2.mf.gov.pl/ministerstwo-finansow/dzialalnosc/integracja-ze-strefa-euro/raporty/raporty-rzadowe/-/asset_publisher/pH6Z/content/integracja-polski-ze-strefa-euro%3A-uwarunkowania-czlonkostwa-i-strategia-zarzadzania-procesem-19-sierpnia-2005?redirect=https%3A%2F%2Fmf-arch2.mf.gov.pl%2Fministerstwo-finansow%2Fdzialalnosc%2Fintegracja-ze-strefa-euro%2Fraporty%2Fraporty-rzadowe%3Fp_p_id%3D101_INSTANCE_pH6Z%26p_p_lifecycle%3D0%26p_p_state%3Dnormal%26p_p_mode%3Dview%26p_p_col_id%3Dcolumn-2%26p_p_col_pos%3D1%26p_p_col_count%3D2|title=Integracja Polski ze Strefą Euro: uwarunkowania członkostwa i strategia zarządzania procesem|year=2005|website=Ministerstwo Finansó}}</ref> and two reports by the [[National Bank of Poland]] (NBP) in 2004<ref>{{Cite book|last=Borowski|first=Jakub|title=Raport na temat korzyści i kosztów przystąpienia Polski do strefy euro|date=2004|publisher=Narodowy Bank Polski|location=Warszawa|language=pl|oclc=749415106}}</ref> and 2009.<ref name="Narodowy Bank Polski. 2012">{{Cite book|last=Narodowy Bank Polski.|title=Raport na temat pełnego uczestnictwa Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej w trzecim etapie Unii Gospodarczej i Walutowej|date=2012|publisher=Narodowy Bank Polski|oclc=867949630}}</ref> The [[National Bank of Poland|NBP]] report from 2009 concluded that in the long-term, Poland's [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] would expand by an extra 7.5% if it became a member of the eurozone, with most of that benefit coming in the first 10 years after joining. In a 2014 analysis, the NBP stated that in the wake of the [[European debt crisis|eurozone crisis]], "The chance of accelerating economic growth in Poland as a result of adopting the euro depends on whether the institutions of the euro area and the potential of the Polish economy are strengthened."<ref>{{Cite book|last=Narodowy Bank Polski.|title=Ekonomiczne Wyzwania Integracji Polski ze Strefą Euro|publisher=NBP|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=i|oclc=903343928}}</ref>

Expected positive effects include:

* direct benefits
** reduction of [[Foreign exchange risk|exchange rate risk]] and costs of transactions – 80% of Polish trade is settled in the euro. Due to exchange rate risk many entrepreneurs uncertain of the profits and transaction costs do not engage in international operations;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nik.gov.pl/aktualnosci/czy-polska-powinna-przystapic-do-strefy-euro.html|title=Czy Polska powinna przystąpić do strefy euro? – Najwyższa Izba Kontroli|website=nik.gov.pl|access-date=2020-03-25}}</ref>
*** lower business costs;
*** improved quality in the estimation of profitability of investment projects;
*** better transparency and comparability of prices in the international perspective;
*** improved position of Poland as a trading partner;
*** Easier attraction of international/eurozone talent to fill job roles
** enhanced macroeconomic stability; 
*** limited risk of speculation of the currency;
*** lower risk of a [[currency crisis]];
*** increase in the credibility of monetary policy;
*** improvement in credit ranking;
** decline in [[interest rate]]s;
*** a decrease in the cost of raising capital for households, enterprises and public institutions;
*** simpler credit availability and related to it increase in consumption;
*** improvement of service interest;
* growth of trade
* increase investments – both in domestic investments and [[foreign direct investment]]s (FDI)
* [[financial integration]];
* growth of [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] and welfare.<ref name="Narodowy Bank Polski. 2012"/>

The reports note that part of the possible positive effects is contingent on an execution of changes, such as a reform of public finance or reduction of [[Government debt|public debt]].<ref name="Narodowy Bank Polski. 2012"/>

On the other side, the team of [[National Bank of Poland|NBP]] analysts lists possible negative effects of the convergence to the euro:

* long-term costs
** loss of monetary policy independence – transfer to the [[European Union|EU]] level;
** loss of the possibility of using the [[exchange rate]] as a tool of adjustment policy;
* medium-term risks
** nonoptimal conversion rate;
** risk of deterioration of competitiveness;
** inflation differential within the monetary union;
** [[asset price inflation]];
* Short-term risks and costs
** risks associated with convergence criteria – inter alia with an accession to the ESM II and a risk of the [[Impossible trinity|Mundell's trilemma]] ;<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.rp.pl/artykul/297378-Koszty-moga-sie-pojawic-jeszcze--przed-przyjeciem-wspolnej-waluty-.html|title=Koszty mogą się pojawić jeszcze przed przyjęciem wspólnej waluty|website=Rzeczpospolita|language=pl|access-date=2020-03-25}}</ref>
** short-term price effects and the associated negative consequences of the [[Money illusion|euro illusion]];
** price effects regarding the introduction of the euro into cash circulation;
*** euro coins and banknotes supplies – as the euro is already available in cash, the cost of conversion would be lower;<ref name="mf-arch2.mf.gov.pl">{{Cite web|url=https://mf-arch2.mf.gov.pl/web/bip/ministerstwo-finansow|title=Strategic Guidelines for the National Euro Changeover Plan|website=mf-arch2.mf.gov.pl|access-date=2020-03-25}}</ref>
*** adaptation of IT systems;<ref name="mf-arch2.mf.gov.pl"/>
*** preparation and implementation of a nationwide information campaign on the euro.<ref name="Narodowy Bank Polski. 2012"/>

== Public opinion ==
===Eurobarometer===
;Public support for the euro in Poland by each Eurobarometer survey
The following are polls on the question of whether Poland should abolish the  złoty and adopt the euro.
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;line-height:14px"
|-
! Date (survey taken) !! Date (survey published) !! style="background:green; color:white;" | Yes !! style="background:red; color:white;" | No !! style="background:silver; color:black; width:50px" | Undecided / Don't know !! Conducted by
|-
| May 2024 || June 2024 || 47% || {{no|52%}} || 2%
|Eurobarometer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eurobarometer |url=https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/3214 |access-date=2024-06-26 |website=europa.eu}}</ref>
|-
| April 2023 || June 2023 || style="background:#9EFF9E;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"|55% || 44% || 2%
|Eurobarometer<ref name="Eurobarometer_apr_2023">{{cite web |title=Flash Eurobarometer 527 - Introduction of the euro in the MS that have not yet adopted the common currency - Spring 2023 |url=https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2982 |access-date=2024-02-04 |publisher=[[Eurobarometer]]}}</ref>
|-
| April 2022 || June 2022 || style="background:#9EFF9E;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"|60% || 38% || 3%
|Eurobarometer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flash Eurobarometer 508 - Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted the common currency - Spring 2022 |url=https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2662 |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=europa.eu}}</ref>
|-
| May 2021 || July 2021 || style="background:#9EFF9E;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"|56% || 41% || 3%
|Eurobarometer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flash Eurobarometer 492 - Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted the common currency - Summer 2021 |url=https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2284 |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=europa.eu}}</ref>
|-
| June 2020 || July 2020 || 48% || {{no2|49%}} || 3%
|Eurobarometer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flash Eurobarometer 487 - Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted the euro - Summer 2020 |url=https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2261 |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=europa.eu}}</ref>
|-
| April 2019 || June 2019 || 46% || {{no|51%}} || 3%
|Eurobarometer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flash Eurobarometer 479 - General public in seven EU countries not yet having adopted the euro - Spring 2019 |url=https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2242 |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=europa.eu}}</ref>
|-
| April 2018 || May 2018 || 48% || {{no2|50%}} || 2%
|Eurobarometer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eurobarometer - Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted the common currency - Spring 2018 |url=https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2187 |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=europa.eu}}</ref>
|-
| April 2017 || May 2017 || 43% || {{no|55%}} || 2%
|Eurobarometer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flash Eurobarometer 453 - Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted the common currency - Spring 2017 |url=https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2157 |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=europa.eu}}</ref>
|-
|April 2016 || May 2016 || 41% || {{no|56%}} ||3%
|Eurobarometer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flash Eurobarometer 440 - Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted the common currency - Spring 2016 |url=https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2105 |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=europa.eu}}</ref>
|-
| April 2015 || May 2015 || 44% || {{no|53%}} || 3%
|Eurobarometer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flash Eurobarometer 418 - Introduction of the euro in the Member States that have not yet adopted the common currency - Spring 2015 |url=https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2056 |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=europa.eu}}</ref>
|-
| April 2014 || June 2014 || 45% || {{no|53%}} || 2%
|Eurobarometer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flash Eurobarometer 400 - Introduction of the euro in the more recently acceded Member States - Spring 2014 |url=https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/2001 |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=europa.eu}}</ref>
|-
| April 2013 || June 2013 || 38% || {{no|60%}} || 2%
|Eurobarometer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flash Eurobarometer 377 - Introduction of the Euro in the more recently acceded Member States - Spring 2013 |url=https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/1074 |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=europa.eu}}</ref>
|-
| April 2012 || July 2012 || 44% || {{no|54%}} || 2%
|Eurobarometer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flash Eurobarometer 349 - Introduction of the euro in the more recently acceded Member States - Spring 2012 |url=https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/1037 |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=europa.eu}}</ref>
|-
| November 2011 || July 2012 || 45% || {{no|52%}} || 3%
|Eurobarometer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flash Eurobarometer 336 - Introduction of the euro in the more recently acceded Member States - Autumn 2011 |url=https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/1009 |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=europa.eu}}</ref>
|-
| May 2011 || August 2011 || 38% || {{no2|48%}} || 14%
|Eurobarometer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flash Eurobarometer 329 - Introduction of the euro in the new Member States - Summer 2011 |url=https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/978 |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=europa.eu}}</ref>
|-
| September 2010 || December 2010 || 41% || {{no2|49%}} || 10%
|Eurobarometer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flash Eurobarometer 307 - Introduction of the euro in the new Member States - Autumn 2010 |url=https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/884 |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=europa.eu}}</ref>
|-
| May 2010 || July 2010 || 45% || 45% || 10%
|Eurobarometer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flash Eurobarometer 296 - Introduction of the euro in the new Member States - Summer 2010 |url=https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/885 |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=europa.eu}}</ref>
|-
| September 2009 || November 2009 || {{yes2|45%}} || 44% || 11%
|Eurobarometer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flash Eurobarometer 280 - Introduction of the euro in the new Member States - Autumn 2009 |url=https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/811 |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=europa.eu}}</ref>
|-
| May 2009 || December 2009 || style="background:#9EFF9E;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"|52% || 36% || 12%
|Eurobarometer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flash Eurobarometer 270 - Introduction of the euro in the new Member States - Summer 2009 |url=https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/809 |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=europa.eu}}</ref>
|-
| May 2008 || July 2008 || 41% || {{no2|46%}} || 13%
|Eurobarometer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flash Eurobarometer 237 - Introduction of the euro in the new Member States - Summer 2008 |url=https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/713 |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=europa.eu}}</ref>
|-
| September 2007 || November 2007 || style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; " class="table-yes2"|49% || 36% || 15%
|Eurobarometer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flash Eurobarometer 214 - Introduction of the euro in the New Member States - Autumn 2007 |url=https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/641 |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=europa.eu}}</ref>
|-
| March 2007 || May 2007 || style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; " class="table-yes2"|46% || 42% || 12%
|Eurobarometer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flash Eurobarometer 207 - The introduction of the euro in the New Member States - Spring 2007 |url=https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/642 |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=europa.eu}}</ref>
|-
| September 2006 || November 2006 || style="background:#bfd; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; " class="table-yes2"|49% || 41% || 10%
|Eurobarometer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flash Eurobarometer 191 - Introduction of the Euro in the New Member States - Autumn 2006 |url=https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/1244 |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=europa.eu}}</ref>
|-
| April 2006 || June 2006 || style="background:#9EFF9E;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"|50% || 39% ||  11%
|Eurobarometer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Flash Eurobarometer 183 - Introduction of the euro in the new Member States - Spring 2006 |url=https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/554 |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=europa.eu}}</ref>
|-
| September 2005 || November 2005 || 34% || {{no|54%}} || 12%
|Eurobarometer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eurobarometer - Introduction of the Euro in the New Member States - wave 2 - Autumn 2005 |url=https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/1242 |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=europa.eu}}</ref>
|-
| September 2004 || October 2004 || 40% || {{no2|49%}} || 11%
|Eurobarometer<ref>{{Cite web |title=Eurobarometer - Introduction of the euro in the new Member States - Autumn 2004 |url=https://europa.eu/eurobarometer/surveys/detail/437 |access-date=2024-02-04 |website=europa.eu}}</ref>
|}

===Other surveys===
In 2010, the Eurozone's debt crisis caused Poles' interest to cool, with two out of five Poles opposed to entry.<ref name = cooling>{{cite news | url=https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSLDE65F15Z20100616 | title=Czechs, Poles cooler to euro as they watch debt crisis | work=[[Reuters]] | date = 16 June 2010 |access-date=18 June 2010}}</ref> In March 2011, research by [[Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej|CBOS]] showed that 60% of Poles were against adopting the euro while 32% were supportive, a decrease from 41% in April 2010.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/CBOS-za-przyjeciem-euro-32-proc-Polakow-przeciw-60-proc-2309620.html | title=  CBOS za przyjęciem euro 32 proc. Polaków, przeciw 60 proc. | publisher=[[bankier.pl]] | date = 28 March 2011 |access-date=3 April 2011}}</ref> Surveys in the first half of 2012 indicated that 60% of Poles were opposed to adopting the common currency.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://waluty.wp.pl/kat,1026989,title,60-proc-Polakow-nie-chce-euro,wid,14251074,wiadomosc.html|title=60 proc. Polaków nie chce euro|date=14 February 2012|access-date=2012-02-21|language=pl|publisher=[[Wirtualna Polska]]}}</ref> Public support for the euro continued to fall, reaching record lows in the CBOS polls from July 2012, where only 25% of those polled supported a switch to the euro.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://pieniadze.gazeta.pl/Gospodarka/1,123718,12207129,CBOS__Wprowadzenie_euro_popiera_25__badanych_Polakow_.html|title=CBOS: Wprowadzenie euro popiera 25% badanych Polaków, aż 68% jest przeciw|language=pl|date=27 July 2012|access-date=2012-08-26}}{{Dead link|date=September 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> However, polls conducted by ''TNS Polska'' throughout 2012–2015 have consistently shown support for eventually adopting the euro, though that support depends on the target date (as revealed by the detailed data in the table below).

The Eurobarometer poll does not take adoption timing issues into concern, meaning that this result can not be directly compared to the above results of the ''TNS Polska'' surveys, as a percentage of those being surveyed might respond with a more negative bias (assuming the survey question is about if they favour ''adoption now"'' rather than favour ''"adoption either now or at a later point of time perceived as being more optimal for their country"'').

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
|- 
! Date
! style="background:lightgreen" | YES
! style="background:pink" | NO
! style="background:silver" | Undecided
! Number of participants
! Held by
! Ref
|-
| 10–13 May 2012
| style="background:lightyellow" | 51%<br /><small>(13% by the end of 2014)<br /> (38% after 2014)</small>
| 28%
| 21%
| 1000
| TNS Polska
|<ref name="TNS poll June 2012">{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.pl/artykuly/sekcje/wydarzenia/az-58-proc--polakow-przeciw-wprowadzeniu-euro,27543,1|title=As much as 58% of Poles are against the euro|language=pl|publisher=Forbes.pl|date=5 June 2012}}</ref>
|-
| 6–11 September 2013
| style="background:lightyellow" | 49%<br /><small>(11% within 5yr)<br /> (18% in 6-10yr)<br /> (20% later than 10yr)</small>
| 40%
| 11%
| 1000
| TNS Polska
|<ref name="TNS poll September 2013">{{cite web|url=http://m.onet.pl/biznes/kraj,l94p0|title=TNS Poland: 49 percent respondents in favor of the euro, 40 percent against (TNS Polska: 49 proc. badanych za przyjęciem euro, 40 proc. przeciw)|language=pl|publisher=Onet.business|date=27 September 2013}}</ref>
|-
| 6–11 December 2013
| style="background:lightyellow" | 45%<br /><small>(12% within 5yr)<br /> (16% in 6-10yr)<br /> (17% later than 10yr)</small>
| 40%
| 15%
| 1000
| TNS Polska
|<ref name="TNS poll December 2013">{{cite web|url=http://www.parkiet.com/artykul/1352088.html|title=TNS: 45 percent respondents in favor of the euro, 40 percent against (TNS OBOP: 45 proc. badanych za przyjęciem euro, 40 proc. przeciw)|language=pl|publisher=Parkiet|date=17 December 2013|access-date=7 November 2014|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107145621/http://www.parkiet.com/artykul/1352088.html|archive-date=7 November 2014|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 7–12 March 2014
| style="background:lightyellow" | 44%<br /><small>(14% within 5yr)<br /> (14% in 6-10yr)<br /> (16% later than 10yr)</small>
| 42%
| 14%
| 1000
| TNS Polska
|<ref name="TNS poll March 2014">{{cite web|url=http://wpolityce.pl/polityka/188699-polacy-nie-chca-euro-63-badanych-obawia-sie-przyjecia-europejskiej-waluty|title=Poles do not want the euro. 63% of respondents fear the adoption of the euro (Polacy nie chcą euro. 63% badanych obawia się przyjęcia europejskiej waluty)|language=pl|publisher=Wpolityce.pl|date=25 March 2014}}</ref>
|-
| 6–11 June 2014
| style="background:lightyellow" | 46%<br /><small>(14% within 5yr)<br /> (13% in 6-10yr)<br /> (19% later than 10yr)</small>
| 42%
| 12%
| ?
| TNS Polska
|<ref name="TNS poll July 2014">{{cite web|url=http://www.pb.pl/3757890,53980,tns-46-proc.-polakow-za-przyjeciem-euro-42-proc.-przeciw|title=TNS: 46 percent Poles for adoption of the euro; 42 percent against (TNS: 46 proc. Polaków za przyjęciem euro; 42 proc. przeciw)|language=pl|work=Puls Biznesu|date=2 July 2014}}</ref>
|-
| 5–10 September 2014
| style="background:lightyellow" | 45%<br /><small>(14% within 5yr)<br /> (14% in 6-10yr)<br /> (17% later than 10yr)</small>
| 42%
| 13%
| 1000
| TNS Polska
|<ref name="TNS poll September 2014">{{cite web|url=http://www.obserwatorfinansowy.pl/dispatches/tns-polska-odsetek-osob-oceniajacych-wejscie-do-emu-za-blad-wzrosl-o-2-pkt-proc-do-51-proc/|title=TNS Polska: Odsetek osób oceniających wejście do euro za błąd wzrósł do 51 proc.|language=pl|publisher=Obserwator Finansowy|date=25 September 2014|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141107154002/http://www.obserwatorfinansowy.pl/dispatches/tns-polska-odsetek-osob-oceniajacych-wejscie-do-emu-za-blad-wzrosl-o-2-pkt-proc-do-51-proc/|archive-date=7 November 2014}}</ref>
|-
| 5–10 December 2014
| style="background:lightyellow" | 49%<br /><small>(16% within 5yr)<br /> (15% in 6-10yr)<br /> (18% later than 10yr)</small>
| 40%
| 11%
| 1000
| TNS Polska
|<ref name="TNS poll December 2014">{{cite web|url=http://biznes.interia.pl/raport/euro_w_polsce/news/tns-polska-49-proc-za-40-proc-przeciwko-wprowadzeniu-w,2068117,5420|title=TNS Poland: 49 percent for, 40 percent against the introduction of the euro in Poland (TNS Polska: 49 proc. za, 40 proc. przeciwko wprowadzeniu w Polsce euro)|language=pl|publisher=Interia.pl|date=21 December 2014}}</ref>
|- 
| 13–18 March 2015
| style="background:lightyellow" | 44%<br /><small>(13% within 5yr)<br /> (12% in 6-10yr)<br /> (19% later than 10yr)</small>
| 41%
| 15%
| 1000
| TNS Polska
|<ref name="TNS poll March 2015">{{cite web|url=http://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/Nastawienie-do-przyjecia-euro-bez-wiekszych-zmian-dominuja-sceptycy-3311535.html|title=Attitudes to adopt the euro without major changes, dominated by skeptics (Nastawienie do przyjęcia euro bez większych zmian, dominują sceptycy)|language=pl|publisher=Bankier.pl|date=25 March 2015}}</ref>
|-
| 12–17 June 2015
| style="background:lightyellow" | 46%<br /><small>(15% within 5yr)<br /> (14% in 6-10yr)<br /> (17% later than 10yr)</small>
| 41%
| 13%
| 1015
| TNS Polska
|<ref name="TNS poll June 2015">{{cite web|url=http://www.euractiv.pl/gospodarka/artykul/coraz-mniejsze-oczekiwania-polakow-wobec-euro-006973|title=Poles are increasingly skeptic against the euro (Polacy coraz sceptyczniejsi wobec euro|language=pl|publisher=EurActiv|date=24 June 2015|access-date=24 August 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150726210003/http://www.euractiv.pl/gospodarka/artykul/coraz-mniejsze-oczekiwania-polakow-wobec-euro-006973|archive-date=26 July 2015|url-status=dead}}</ref>
|-
| 5–7 January 2023
|  24.5%<br /><small>(14.7% definitely yes)<br /> (9.8% rather yes)</small>
| style="background:pink" | 64.2%<br /><small>(49% definitely no)<br /> (15.2% rather no)</small>
| 11.3%
| 1100
| IBRiS
|<ref name="IBRiS poll January 2023">{{cite web|url=https://businessinsider.com.pl/finanse/zloty-czy-euro-polacy-stawiaja-sprawe-jasno-sondaz/6fgqnf5|title=Zloty or euro? Poles make it clear [POLL] (Złoty czy euro? Polacy stawiają sprawę jasno [SONDAŻ])|date=10 January 2023 |language=pl|publisher=Business Insider}}</ref>
|}

The adoption support found by the 2012–15 surveys in the above table was detected while a majority of Poles in the same surveys said they expected the euro adoption would negatively impact the Polish economy. In the example, 58% of the surveyed in May 2012 had this belief.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.forbes.pl/artykuly/sekcje/wydarzenia/az-58-proc--polakow-przeciw-wprowadzeniu-euro,27543,1|title=As much as 58% of Poles are against the euro|language=pl|publisher=Forbes.pl|date=5 June 2012|access-date=21 February 2013}}</ref> A later poll for the [[German Marshall Fund]], published in September 2012, even found 71% of Poles believed an immediate switch to the euro would be bad for the Polish economy.<ref name=badeconomy>{{cite web|url=http://wiadomosci.wp.pl/kat,1356,title,Wg-raportu-GMF-Polacy-coraz-bardziej-nie-lubia-USA-NATO-Obamy-i-Rosji,wid,14921485,wiadomosc.html|title=Wg raportu GMF Polacy coraz bardziej nie lubią USA, NATO, Obamy i Rosji|publisher=Wiadomości|date=12 September 2012|access-date=2013-02-11|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121017085305/http://wiadomosci.wp.pl/kat,1356,title,Wg-raportu-GMF-Polacy-coraz-bardziej-nie-lubia-USA-NATO-Obamy-i-Rosji,wid,14921485,wiadomosc.html|archive-date=17 October 2012|url-status=dead}}</ref>

== Convergence criteria==
The [[Maastricht Treaty]] originally required that all members of the [[European Union]] join the euro once certain [[Convergence criteria|economic criteria]] are met. As of May 2018, Poland met 2 out of the 5 criteria.

=== Convergence Reports ===
Since 1989, the [[European Commission]] and [[European Central Bank|ECB]] prepare Convergence Reports on countries that do not participate in the [[Eurozone|euro area]]. According to Article 140 TFEU, at least once every 2 years Reports must be issued on Member States that did not join the eurozone.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/info/business-economy-euro/euro-area/enlargement-euro-area/convergence-reports_en|title=Convergence Reports|website=European Commission – European Commission|language=en|access-date=2020-03-25}}</ref>

Reports cover:

* legal compatibility;
* price stability;
* public finances;
* exchange rate stability;
* long-term interest rates; and
* additional factors.

The report of 2018 verified that Poland meets 2 out of 4 economic criteria related to price stability and public finances.<ref name="auto">{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/info/publications/economy-finance/convergence-report-2018_en|title=Convergence Report 2018|website=European Commission – European Commission|language=en|access-date=2020-03-25}}</ref> Poland does not meet two criteria of exchange rate stability and long-term interest rates. Moreover, Polish law is not completely compatible with the EU Treaties.<ref name="auto"/> The [[National Bank of Poland|NBP]] Act and the [[Constitution of Poland|Constitution of the Republic of Poland]] are not fully compatible with the Article 131 of the TFEU,<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/pages/publication_summary503_en.htm|title=1 – 2006 Convergence Report. COM(2006)762 – |publisher=European Commission|access-date=2020-03-25}}</ref> which is related to lack of political approval in Poland. In order to fulfil legal compatibility Poland has to change three articles of the Constitution.<ref name="Adamiec, Jolanta. 2013">{{Cite book|last=Adamiec, Jolanta.|title=Wprowadzenie euro w Polsce – za i przeciw|date=2013|publisher=Wydawnictwo Sejmowe|isbn=978-83-7666-259-6|oclc=852971287}}</ref> The first article to be changed is Article 227(1), which improperly defines the main goal of the [[National Bank of Poland]].<ref name="Adamiec, Jolanta. 2013"/> Secondly, Article 203(1) of the Constitution defines too broadly the powers of the [[Supreme Audit Office (Poland)|Supreme Audit Office]] towards the National Bank. Finally, according to Article 198(1), the President of the [[National Bank of Poland|NBP]] carries responsibility before the [[State Tribunal (Poland)|State Tribunal]], which is against requirements of the independence of the national central bank.<ref name="Adamiec, Jolanta. 2013"/>
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== See also ==
{{Portal|Poland|Money}} 
* [[Enlargement of the eurozone]]
* [[Poland in the European Union]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{Euro topics}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Poland and the Euro}}
[[Category:Finance in Poland|Euro coins]]
[[Category:Euro by country]]
[[Category:Poland and the European Union|Euro]]