View source for RMS Victorian

{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2020}}
{{Use British English|date=November 2020}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image= Cassier's magazine (1904) (14768635052).jpg
|Ship caption= ''Victorian'' in a 1904 magazine illustration
}}
{{Infobox ship career
|Hide header=
|Ship country= [[United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland|United Kingdom]]
|Ship flag= 
|Ship name= *''Victorian'' (1904–22)
*''Marloch'' (1922–29)
|Ship namesake= 
|Ship owner= *[[Allan Line Royal Mail Steamers|Allan Line]] (1905–17)
*[[CP Ships|Canadian Pacific]] (1917–29)
|Ship operator= *Allan Line (1904–09)
*Allan Bros & Co (UK) Ltd (1909–14)
*{{flagicon|United Kingdom|naval}} [[Royal Navy]] (1914–18)
*Canadian Pacific (1920–29)
|Ship registry= {{flagicon|United Kingdom|government}} [[Glasgow]]
|Ship route= [[Port of Liverpool|Liverpool]] – [[Port of Montreal|Montreal]]
|Ship ordered= October 1903
|Ship builder= [[Workman, Clark and Company]]
|Ship original cost= 
|Ship yard number= 206
|Ship laid down= 
|Ship launched= 25 August 1904
|Ship sponsor=
|Ship completed= March 1905
|Ship refit= 1919, re-engined 1922
|Ship acquired= 
|Ship maiden voyage= 23 March 1905
|Ship in service= 
|Ship out of service= 
|Ship identification= *UK [[official number]] 121216
*[[Code letters]] HCFM
*{{ICS|Hotel}}{{ICS|Charlie}}{{ICS|Foxtrot}}{{ICS|Mike}}
*[[Maritime call sign|Wireless call sign]]: MVN
*[[Pennant number]] (as AMC):
*M 56 (August 1914 – January 1918)
*MI 91 (January – April 1918)
*MI 51 (April – November 1918)
|Ship fate= Scrapped 1929
|Ship notes= 
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship type= [[Ocean liner]]
|Ship tonnage= {{GRT|10629}}
{{NRT|6744}}
|Ship displacement= 
|Ship length= {{cvt|520.0|ft|abbr=on}}
|Ship beam= {{cvt|60.4|ft|abbr=on}}
|Ship draught= *{{cvt|26|ft|11|in|1|abbr=on}} forward
*{{cvt|29|ft|5|in|1|abbr=on}} aft
|Ship depth= {{cvt|38.0|ft|abbr=on}}
|Ship decks= 3
|Ship power= 12,000 [[Horsepower#Shaft horsepower|SHP]]
|Ship propulsion= *[[Steam turbine#Marine propulsion|Steam turbines]],
*three [[Propeller]]s
|Ship speed= {{convert|19.5|kn|km/h}}
|Ship capacity= *'''as built:'''
*470 1st class
*240 2nd class
*940 3rd class
*cargo: 8,000 tons
|Ship crew= 
|Ship armament= *as [[Armed merchantman#Armed merchant cruisers|Armed merchant cruiser]]:
*'''primary armament:'''
*August 1914 – June 1915:
*8 × [[QF 4.7-inch Mk I – IV Naval gun|QF 4.7-inch guns]]
*June 1915 – November 1918:
*6 × [[BL 6-inch Mk VII Naval gun|BL 6-inch]] & [[QF 6-inch naval gun]]s
*'''secondary armament:'''
*June 1915 – May 1916: 2 × [[QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss#United Kingdom service|6-pdr guns]]
*May 1916 – November 1918: 2 × [[Anti-aircraft warfare|AA]] guns
*by October 1916: [[Depth charge]]s
|Ship sensors= 
|Ship notes= [[Sister ship]]: ''[[SS Drottningholm|Virginian]]''
}}
|}

'''RMS ''Victorian''''' was the world's first [[Steam turbine#Marine propulsion|turbine]]-powered [[ocean liner]]. She was designed as a [[Transatlantic crossing|transatlantic]] liner and [[Packet boat#Mail steamer|mail ship]] for [[Allan Line Royal Mail Steamers|Allan Line]] and launched in 1904.

''Victorian'' was built in Belfast. She had a [[sister ship]], ''[[SS Drottningholm|Virginian]]'', which was built in [[Scotland]] and launched four months later.

Throughout the [[World War I|First World War]] ''Victorian'' was an [[Armed merchantman#Armed merchant cruisers|armed merchant cruiser]] (AMC). In 1918 she also carried cargo and troops.

In 1920, she returned to civilian service with the [[CP Ships|Canadian Pacific Steamship Company]], but in 1921, the British Government chartered her as a [[Troopship|troop ship]]. In 1922, Canadian Pacific renamed her '''''Marloch'''''. She was scrapped in 1929 after a quarter of a century of successful service.

==Background==
[[Charles Algernon Parsons|Charles Parsons]] had demonstrated the speed of his marine steam turbines in ''[[Turbinia]]'' launched in 1894 and their reliability in the [[Firth of Clyde|Clyde]] excursion steamer {{ship|TS|King Edward||2}} launched in 1901. But ''King Edward''{{'}}s fuel costs were higher than those of her [[Marine steam engine|reciprocating-engined]] and as a result so were her fares. Passengers accepted the higher cost on ''King Edward''{{'}}s day trips down the Clyde,{{sfn|McCrorie|1986|p=48}} but ocean liner companies did not know whether passengers, cargo customers and post offices would accept the higher cost on Atlantic crossings lasting several days.

Canadian Pacific entered the North Atlantic Trade by buying [[Elder Dempster Lines]]' Beaver Line subsidiary early in 1903.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1903/02/26/101307662.html?pageNumber=9 |title=Deal with Allan Line expected |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |page=9 |url-access=subscription |date=26 February 1903 |access-date=16 November 2020}}</ref> Allan Line responded by ordering a pair of new express liners. Allan Line originally planned to order conventional twin-screw ships with [[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|reciprocating steam engine]]s,{{citation needed|date=November 2020}} but in October 1903 it announced that it had ordered a pair of ships with turbines driving three screws as on ''King Edward''.{{sfn|Baker|Tryckare|1965|p=114}}{{sfn|Maber|1980|p=34}}

On 28 January 1904, seven months before ''Victorian'' was launched, the [[Government of Canada]] announced it had awarded Allan Line a transatlantic mail contract. Four Allan Line ships were to provide a regular scheduled service: the {{GRT|10576}} liners ''Bavarian'' and ''Tunisian'', and the new ''Victorian'' and ''Virginian''. The subsidy would be $5,000 per trip for ''Bavarian'' and ''Tunisian'', and $10,000 per trip for each of the new turbine ships.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1904/01/29/100463500.html?pageNumber=2 |title=Canada gets turbine ships |newspaper=The New York Times |page=2 |url-access=subscription |date=29 January 1904 |access-date=16 November 2020}}</ref>

==Design==
''Victorian''{{'}}s propulsion system was a scaled-up version of ''King Edward''{{'}}s. She had three [[Propeller|screws]]. ''Victorian''{{'}}s [[Scotch marine boiler]]s had coal-fired furnaces whose smoke was exhausted through a large single funnel. Her boilers fed steam at {{convert|180|psi|bar}} to the high-pressure [[Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company|Parsons turbine]] driving her centre shaft. Exhaust steam from the high-pressure turbine drove the low-pressure Parsons turbines on her [[port and starboard]] (wing) shafts. All three screws were driven directly at turbine speed.{{sfn|Baker|Tryckare|1965|p=114}}

''Victorian'' was {{cvt|520.0|ft|abbr=on}} long, her beam was {{cvt|60.4|ft|abbr=on}} and her depth was {{cvt|38.0|ft|abbr=on}}. Her [[tonnage]]s were {{GRT|10629}} and {{NRT|6744}}.<ref name=SAS>{{cite web |url= http://shippingandshipbuilding.uk/view.php?year_built=&builder=&ref=202320&vessel=VICTORIAN |title=Victorian |work=Shipping and Shipbuilding |publisher=Shipping and Shipbuilding Research Trust |access-date=15 November 2020}}</ref> She had [[orlop deck]]s fore and aft of her machinery spaces, and three full decks in her hull with berths for 240 second-class passengers on the main and upper deck and up to 940 in third class. Atop the hull, her [[forecastle]] was followed by forward holds, a long superstructure with cabins and public saloons for 470 first-class passengers on the bridge and promenade decks, an after hold, and a [[poop deck]]. Her holds had space for 8,000 tons of cargo and included refrigerated space for perishable produce.{{sfn|Baker|Tryckare|1965|p=114}}

==Building and performance==
{{stack|[[File:Charles Algernon Parsons.jpg|thumb|upright|Despite unsatisfactory initial [[sea trial]]s, [[Charles Algernon Parsons|Charles Parsons]] correctly predicted that ''Victorian'' and her sister would be a success]]}}
[[Workman, Clark and Company]] built ''Victorian'' in [[Belfast]], launching her on 25 August 1904.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1904/08/26/117947003.html?pageNumber=6 |title=Turbine liner launched |newspaper=The New York Times |page=6 |url-access=subscription |date=26 August 1904 |access-date=16 November 2020}}</ref> On 5 December it was reported that on [[sea trial]]s she had failed to reach the {{convert|17|kn|km/h}} Allan Line had stipulated in her contract, and as a result [[John Brown & Company]] and [[Swan Hunter|Swan, Hunter & Wigham Richardson]] had suspended building of the much larger turbine ships {{RMS|Lusitania}} and {{RMS|Mauretania|1906|2}} for [[Cunard Line]].<ref>{{cite news |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1904/12/06/102418817.html?pageNumber=1 |title=Turbine liner's failure |newspaper=The New York Times |page=1 |url-access=subscription |date=6 December 1904 |access-date=15 November 2020}}</ref> However, there were conflicting reports as to whether ''Victorian''{{'}}s initial failure was caused by a shortcoming of her turbines or the design of her hull.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/NZH19050201.2.79.9?items_per_page=10&query=Victorian+turbine&snippet=true |title=Turbine engines |newspaper=[[The New Zealand Herald]] |via=[[National Library of New Zealand#Papers Past|Papers Past]] |page=1 |date=1 February 1905 |access-date=15 November 2020}}</ref>

On 16 January 1905, in an address to the [[Institute of Marine Engineering, Science and Technology|Institute of Marine Engineers]], Parsons confidently predicted that turbines would supersede reciprocating engines in ships of more than {{convert|16|kn|km/h}} and more than 5,000 [[Horsepower#Indicated horsepower|IHP]], and would probably be adopted for ships above {{convert|13|kn|km/h}} and {{GRT|2000}}.{{sfn|Harnack|1930|pp=243–244}}

On 16 March, it was reported that ''Victorian'' had achieved {{convert|19.5|kn|km/h|0}} on sea trials on the [[Firth of Clyde]],<ref>{{cite news |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1905/03/17/102133134.html?pageNumber=3 |title=Successful trial of turbine liner |newspaper=The New York Times |page=1 |url-access=subscription |date=17 March 1905 |access-date=15 November 2020}}</ref> with her turbines developing some 12,000 [[shaft horsepower]] and turning the screws at 260 [[revolutions per minute|RPM]].{{sfn|Baker|Tryckare|1965|p=114}} She entered service a week later, and before the end of the year had set an eastbound record of five days and five hours from [[Rimouski]] in [[Quebec]] to [[Moville]] in [[Ireland]], which stood for some time.{{sfn|Baker|Tryckare|1965|p=114}}

==Allan Line service==
[[File:Rmsvirginian.jpg|thumb|''Victorian''{{'}}s [[sister ship]] ''[[SS Drottningholm|Virginian]]'']]
On 23 March 1905, ''Victorian'' began her maiden voyage from [[Port of Liverpool|Liverpool]] to Canada.{{sfn|Baker|Tryckare|1965|p=114}}<ref>{{cite news |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1905/03/24/100482727.html?pageNumber=5 |title=Turbine liner begins first voyage |newspaper=The New York Times |page=5 |url-access=subscription |date=24 March 1905 |access-date=16 November 2020}}</ref> Two days of bad weather prevented her from breaking any record, but she reached [[Halifax, Nova Scotia]] via Moville at noon on 1 April after a crossing of seven days and 22 hours.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1905/04/02/119116627.html?pageNumber=1 |title=First turbine steamer to cross the Atlantic |newspaper=The New York Times |page=1 |url-access=subscription |date=2 April 1905 |access-date=15 November 2020}}</ref> A fortnight later, on 6 April, her sister ship ''Virginian'' joined her on the route. The pair were a commercial success, and after some adjustments to her machinery, they maintained a regular transatlantic service between Britain, Ireland and Canada until August 1914.{{sfn|Baker|Tryckare|1965|p=114}}

On 1 September 1905, ''Victorian'' was reported to have run aground at [[Cape St. Charles]], [[Labrador]] on an eastbound crossing, as dense smoke from forest fires had impaired navigation. She had {{convert|19|ft|0}} of water in her number two hold, her 350 passengers were taken off to continue their journey on Allan Line's {{GRT|10576}} liner ''Bavarian'' a week later,<ref>{{cite news |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1905/09/02/101366765.html?pageNumber=1 |title=Turbine liners ashore |newspaper=The New York Times |page=1 |url-access=subscription |date=2 September 1905 |access-date=15 November 2020}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1905/09/03/101367139.html?pageNumber=2 |title=Smoke and fog stop St. Lawrence traffic |newspaper=The New York Times |page=2 |url-access=subscription |date=3 September 1905 |access-date=15 November 2020}}</ref> and her mails were taken off and sent eastbound via [[New York City|New York]].<ref>{{cite news |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1905/09/04/100493258.html?pageNumber=3 |title=Allan liner still aground |newspaper=The New York Times |page=3 |url-access=subscription |date=4 September 1905 |access-date=15 November 2020}}</ref>

On a westbound voyage on the morning of 11 August 1911, 57 of the stewards of ''Victorian''{{'}}s first and second class dining saloons refused an instruction to help put ashore mail at [[Rimouski]]. The stewards later agreed to obey the instruction, but then refused to serve breakfast or lunch to the passengers. When ''Victorian'' reached Montreal that evening five [[Service de police de la Ville de Montréal|Montreal Police]] vehicles met the ship and officers arrested all 57 stewards for mutiny. Allan Line suggested that the incident could be linked with the ongoing [[1911 Liverpool general transport strike|Liverpool transport strike]]<ref>{{cite news |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1911/08/12/106784929.html?pageNumber=4 |title=Jail 57 ship stewards |newspaper=The New York Times |page=4 |url-access=subscription |date=12 August 1911 |access-date=16 November 2020}}</ref> that had begun on 14 June.

By 1912, ''Victorian'' was equipped for [[wireless telegraphy]], operating on the 300 and 600 metre wavelengths. Her [[Maritime call sign|call sign]] was MVN.{{sfn|The Marconi Press Agency Ltd|1913|page=262}}

When RMS ''[[Titanic]]'' sank on 15 April 1912 ''Victorian'' was about {{convert|300|nmi|km}} astern of her, travelling in the same direction. ''Victorian''{{'}}s wireless operator received news of the sinking "from {{RMS|Carpathia}} via {{RMS|Baltic|1903|6}}". The operator told ''Victorian''{{'}}s [[Master mariner|Master]], Captain Outram, but her passengers were not told until she reached Halifax. Outram said that ''Victorian'' had to divert "very far south" to avoid icebergs, and that his lookouts saw a great field of ice and 13 icebergs at one time.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1912/04/21/issue.html |title=Kept bad news secret |newspaper=The New York Times |page=8 |url-access=subscription |date=21 April 1912 |access-date=15 November 2020}}</ref><ref name=Inquiry>{{cite web |url= https://www.titanicinquiry.org/ships/victorian.php |title=Victorian |work=Titanic Inquiry Project |access-date=15 November 2020}}</ref>

==First World War==
On 28 July 1914, the First World War began. The [[British Admiralty]] had been converting passenger liners into armed merchant cruisers since shortly before the war, and on 6 August listed eight more to be requisitioned, including ''Victorian''.{{sfn|Corbett|1920|pp=29–30}} She was at [[Port of Quebec|Quebec]] that day and was detained accordingly.<ref>{{cite news |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/08/06/101923198.html?pageNumber=5 |title=Hold Allan liner |newspaper=The New York Times |page=5 |url-access=subscription |date=6 August 1914 |access-date=15 November 2020}}</ref> But she seems to have been allowed to proceed to Liverpool in civilian service, as she was requisitioned on 17 August,<ref name=Inquiry/> and was commissioned at [[Chatham Dockyard]] on 21 August. Initially her armament was eight [[QF 4.7-inch Mk I – IV naval gun|4.7-inch QF guns]]:{{sfn|Dittmar|Colledge|1972|p=121}} two on her [[forecastle]], two on her forward house, two on her after house and two on her [[poop deck]]. Her [[pennant number]] was M 56.{{sfn|Thomas|Smith}}

[[File:French cruiser Cassard NH 64384.jpg|thumb|The {{ship|French cruiser|Cassard}}, with which ''Victorian'' bombarded Moroccan villages in September 1914]]
''Victorian'' served with the [[9th Cruiser Squadron]] from September 1914 until March 1915. In September 1914, she was ordered to the coast of [[Morocco]], which [[French conquest of Morocco|France had invaded in 1907]] and forced to become a [[French Protectorate in Morocco|French protectorate in 1912]]. ''Victorian'' joined the {{ship|French cruiser|Cassard}} off [[Cape Juby]] on 26 September,{{sfn|Corbett|1920|p=266}} the two cruisers bombarded Moroccan villages the next day, and ''Victorian'' withdrew on 28 September.{{sfn|Thomas|Smith}}

From October 1914 until January 1915, ''Victorian'' patrolled near the [[Canary Islands]]. She called at [[Freetown]] in [[Sierra Leone Colony and Protectorate|Sierra Leone]] on 23–24 November. She patrolled the coast of Portugal in February, returned to home waters in March and was out of commission in April and May.{{sfn|Thomas|Smith}}

In June 1915, [[Cammell Laird]] replaced ''Victorian''{{'}}s forecastle guns with two [[QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss#United Kingdom service|six-pounder guns]] that had been removed from [[RMS Dunottar Castle|HMS ''Caribbean'']], an [[Royal Mail Steam Packet Company|RMSP]] liner that had briefly been an AMC but had then been deemed unsuitable. At about the same time ''Victorian''{{'}}s other six 4.7-inch guns were replaced with six [[BL 6-inch Mk VII naval gun|BL 6-inch]] and [[QF 6-inch naval gun]]s.{{sfn|Dittmar|Colledge|1972|p=121}} Also in June 1915, ''Victorian'' joined the [[10th Cruiser Squadron]].{{sfn|Thomas|Smith}}

With the 10th Cruiser Squadron ''Victorian'' was on the [[Northern Patrol]] from June 1915 until July 1917. Her patrols took her to the [[Norwegian Sea]] in 1915, around the [[Faroe Islands]] and the northern part of the [[Western Approaches]] in 1916 and the same plus the Icelandic coast of the [[Denmark Strait]] in the first half of 1917.{{sfn|Thomas|Smith}}

In May 1916, the two six-pounders were removed from her forecastle and replaced with a pair of anti-aircraft guns. By October 191,6 her armament also included [[depth charge]]s.{{sfn|Thomas|Smith}}

From August 1917 until November 1918 ''Victorian'' escorted convoys. In 1918 her pennant number was changed twice: to MI 91 in January and to MI 51 in April. From January 1918 she carried cargo and from April she carried troops, including [[United States Army|US Army]] and [[Australian Army]].{{sfn|Thomas|Smith}}

On 4 November 1918 ''Victorian'' arrived in the [[River Mersey]] to be decommissioned from the [[Royal Navy]]. Her guns were removed on 27 November and her unused ammunition was unloaded on 27–29 November.{{sfn|Thomas|Smith}}

==Canadian Pacific service==
Canadian Pacific had taken over Allan Line in 1917. Cammell, Laird refitted ''Victorian'' for civilian service, and on 13 April 1920 she resumed her old route between Liverpool, Quebec and Montreal.<ref name=Inquiry/>

In 1921, the UK government [[Chartering (shipping)|chartered]] ''Victorian'' as a troop ship to [[British Raj|India]].<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.norwayheritage.com/p_ship.asp?sh=marlo |title=S/S Marloch, Canadian Pacific Line |work=Norway~Heritage |access-date=15 November 2020}}</ref> In 1922, the [[Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering Company]] converted her to oil-burning and replaced her original direct-drive turbines with new ones with [[Gear train|single-reduction gearing]], and Canadian Pacific renamed her ''Marloch''.<ref name=Inquiry/>{{sfn|Wilson|1956|p=37}}

[[File:StateLibQld 1 141887 Marloch (ship).jpg|thumb|''Marloch'' in the 1920s]]
In the mid-1920s, Canadian Pacific put ''Marloch'' in reserve, but she often saw service.{{sfn|Baker|Tryckare|1965|p=116}}

On 26 June 1925, ''Marloch'' was in the [[Saint Lawrence River]] at Quebec when the [[Tugboat|tug]] ''Ocean King'' approached to receive a hawser and tow her. ''Ocean King'' crossed ''Marloch''{{'}}s bow too close and the liner rammed the tug. ''Ocean King'' capsized, the cold water of the river caused her boilers to explode, and all nine crew of the tug were killed.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=Casualty reports |date=29 June 1925 |page=22 |issue=44000 |column=E }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1925/06/27/98833889.html?pageNumber=1 |title=Liner Sinks Quebec Tug With Nine Aboard; Boilers Explode as Tiny Craft Is Cut in Two |newspaper=The New York Times |page=1 |url-access=subscription |date=27 June 1925 |access-date=15 November 2020}}</ref>

On 3 February 1926, in fog in the [[Scheldt]] off [[Vlissingen]], ''Marloch'' collided with the {{GRT|1655}} UK [[cargo ship]] ''Whimbrel'', which was holed on her starboard quarter and sank.<ref>{{Cite newspaper The Times |title=British steamer sunk |date=4 February 1926 |page=21 |issue=44187 |column=B}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= https://wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?1124 |title=SS Whimbrel [+1926] |last1=Lettens |first1=Jan |author2=Patjedive |last3=Mitchell |first3=Tim |work=Wrecksite.eu |access-date=15 November 2020}}</ref> ''Marloch'' was damaged and was towed to [[Port of Southampton|Southampton]] for repair.<ref name=Inquiry/>

On 19 September 1928, ''Marloch'' was laid up at [[Southend-on-Sea]]. On 17 April 1929, Canadian Pacific sold her to [[Thos. W. Ward]] Ltd, who scrapped her at either [[Milford Haven]] or [[Pembroke Dock]].<ref name=SAS/><ref name=Inquiry/>{{sfn|Baker|Tryckare|1965|p=116}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book |last1=Baker |first1=WA |last2=Tryckare |first2=Tre |year=1965 |title=The Engine Powered Vessel |place=New York |publisher=Grosset & Dunlap }}
* {{cite book |last=Corbett |first=Julian S |year=1920 |title=Naval Operations |volume=I: To The Battle of the Falklands December 1914 |series=History of the Great War |place=London |publisher=[[Longman]]s, Green & Co |url=https://archive.org/details/navaloperations01corb }}
* {{cite book |last1=Dittmar |first1=FJ |last2=Colledge |first2=JJ |year=1972 |title=British Warships 1914–1919 |place=Shepperton |publisher=[[Ian Allan Publishing|Ian Allan]] |isbn=0-7110-0380-7 }}
* {{cite book |last=Harnack |first=Edwin P |orig-year=1903 |year=1930 |title=All About Ships & Shipping |place=London |publisher=[[Faber and Faber]] |edition=3rd }}
* {{cite book |last=McCrorie |first=Ian |year=1986 |title=Clyde Pleasure Steamers: An Illustrated History |place=Greenock |publisher=Orr, Pollock |isbn=1-869850-00-9 }}
* {{cite book |last=Maber |first=John M |year=1980 |title=Channel packets and ocean liners, 1850–1970 |series=The Ship |volume=6 |place=Edinburgh |publisher=[[Office of Public Sector Information|HMSO]] |isbn=0-11-290316-9 |url-access=registration |url= https://archive.org/details/channelpacketsoc0000mabe }}
* {{cite web |url= https://www.naval-history.net/OWShips-WW1-08-HMS_Victorian.htm |editor1-last=Thomas |editor1-first=Stuart |editor2-last=Smith |editor2-first=Kay |title=HMS Victorian – August 1914 to November 1918, Canary Islands area, 10th CS Northern Patrol, North Atlantic convoys |work=Royal Navy Log Books of the World War 1 Era |publisher=Naval History.Net}}
* {{cite book |author=The Marconi Press Agency Ltd |author-link=Marconi Company |year=1913 |title=The Year Book of Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony |place=London |publisher=The St Katherine Press}}
* {{cite book |last=Wilson |first=RM |year=1956 |title=The Big Ships |place=London |publisher=[[Cassell (publisher)|Cassell & Co]] }}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |last=Dowling |first=R |orig-year=1903 |year=1909 |edition=2nd |title=All About Ships & Shipping |place=London |publisher=Alexander Moring Ltd |ref=none}}

{{1925 shipwrecks}}
{{1926 shipwrecks}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Victorian, RMS}}
[[Category:1904 ships]]
[[Category:World War I Auxiliary cruisers of the Royal Navy]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1925]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1926]]
[[Category:Ocean liners of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Ships built in Belfast]]
[[Category:Ships of the Allan Line]]
[[Category:Steamships of the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:World War I cruisers of the United Kingdom]]