View source for SS Willehad

{{Short description|German-built passenger and cargo ship}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2024}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image = Willehad South Bend News-Times 1916-08-29.jpg
| Ship caption = ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' in a 1916 newspaper report
}}
{{Infobox ship career
| Hide header = 
| Ship name = *1894: ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}''
*1918: ''Wyandotte''
| Ship namesake = *1894: [[Willehad]]
*1918: [[Wyandotte Nation]]
| Ship owner = *1894: [[Norddeutscher Lloyd]]
*1917: [[United States Shipping Board|US Shipping Board]]
| Ship operator = 
| Ship registry = *1894: {{flagicon|German Empire|civil}} [[Ports of Bremen|Bremen]]
*1917: {{flagicon|US|1912}} [[Port of New York and New Jersey|New York]]
| Ship route = *1894: Bremen – [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]]
*1895: Bremen – [[Port of Baltimore|Baltimore]]
*1900: Bremen – [[Port Jackson|Sydney]]
*1901: Bremen – South America
*1904: [[Port of Szczecin|Stettin]] – New York
*1905: [[Port of Yokohama|Yokohama]] – Sydney
*1912: [[Port of Hamburg|Hamburg]] – [[Port of Montreal|Montreal]]
| Ship ordered = 
| Ship builder = [[Blohm+Voss]], Hamburg
| Ship original cost = 
| Ship yard number = 
| Ship laid down = 
| Ship launched = 1894
| Ship completed = May 1894
| Ship maiden voyage = May – June 1894
| Ship refit = 1900; 1917
| Ship identification= *1894: [[code letters]] QFVL
*{{ICS|Quebec}}{{ICS|Foxtrot}}{{ICS|Victor}}{{ICS|Lima}}
*by 1914: [[Maritime call sign|call sign]] DWH
*1917: US [[official number]] 215297
*1917: code letters LHMD
*{{ICS|Lima}}{{ICS|Hotel}}{{ICS|Mike}}{{ICS|Delta}}
| Ship fate = scrapped 1924
| Ship notes = 
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
| Hide header = 
| Header caption = 
| Ship type = [[passenger ship]]
| Ship tonnage = {{GRT|4761}}, {{NRT|3012}}
| Ship length = {{cvt|383.4|ft|abbr=on}}
| Ship beam = {{cvt|46.0|ft|abbr=on}}
| Ship draught = 
| Ship depth = {{cvt|27.2|ft|abbr=on}}
| Ship decks = 2
| Ship power = 514 [[Horsepower#Nominal horsepower|NHP]] or 1,100 [[Horsepower#Indicated horsepower|ihp]]
| Ship propulsion = *2 × [[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|triple-expansion engines]]
*2 × [[Propeller|screws]]
| Ship speed = {{convert|12|kn|km/h|0}}
| Ship capacity = *passengers:
*'''1894:''' 105 × 2nd class; 1,009 × 3rd class
*'''1900:''' 150 × 1st class; 40 × 2nd class; 40 × 3rd class
| Ship troops =
| Ship crew = 70
| Ship complement = 
| Ship sensors = by 1910: [[Submarine signals|submarine signalling]]
| Ship notes = [[sister ship]]: ''[[USS Freedom (ID-3024)|Wittekind]]''
}}
|}

'''SS ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}''''' was a [[Passenger ship|passenger]] and [[Cargo ship|cargo]] [[steamship]] that was built in [[German Empire|Germany]] in 1894 for [[Norddeutscher Lloyd]] (NDL). For her first few years she took emigrants from [[Ports of Bremen|Bremen]] to the United States. In 1900 she made one round trip between Bremen and Australia via the [[Suez Canal]]. Between 1901 and 1903 her route was between Bremen and South America. For a few months in 1904 she sailed between Stettin in Germany (now [[Port of Szczecin|Szczecin]] in Poland) and New York. From the end of 1904 to the beginning of 1907 she was a [[Packet boat|mail ship]] between [[Empire of Japan|Japan]] and Australia. From 1911 until 1914 she ran transatlantic services between [[Port of Hamburg|Hamburg]] and the United States, and also between Hamburg and Canada.

When the First World War began in 1914 she sheltered in [[Port of Boston|Boston]]. In 1916 she became the first foreign ship to use the recently-built [[Cape Cod Canal]], as she moved to [[New London, Connecticut]] to be a [[submarine tender]] to the cargo submarines {{ship|German submarine|Deutschland||2}} and {{ship||Bremen|German submarine|2}}. The US government seized her in 1917 and gave her to the [[United States Shipping Board]] (USSB), who in 1918 renamed her '''''Wyandotte'''''. After the end of the First World War she made at last two round trip voyages between the US and [[French Third Republic|France]], and repatriated a few dozen US troops. In 1920 she [[Tramp trade|tramped]] as a purely [[cargo ship]]. She was scrapped in the US in 1924.

==Building and identification==
In 1894 [[Blohm+Voss]] in Hamburg built a pair of twin-[[Propeller|screw]] steamships for NDL. ''[[USS Freedom (ID-3024)|Wittekind]]'' was launched on 3 February and completed in April.{{sfn|Drechsel|1994|p=158}} ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' was completed in May.

''{{lang|de|Willehad}}''{{'}}s registered length was {{cvt|383.4|ft|abbr=on}}, her [[Beam (nautical)|beam]] was {{cvt|46.0|ft|abbr=on}}, and her depth was {{cvt|27.2|ft|abbr=on}}. Her [[tonnage]]s were {{GRT|4761}} and {{NRT|3012}}.<ref name=LR1896>{{harvnb|''Lloyd's Register'' 1896|loc=[https://archive.org/details/HECROS1897ST/page/n682/mode/1up WIL]}}</ref> She had berths for 1,114 passengers: 105 in second class, and 1,009 in third class.{{sfn|Kludas|1983|p=113}} Her ballast tanks carried 600 tons of fresh water, instead of sea water. This gave her enough of a fresh water supply for her third class passengers to bathe daily. In her third class dining saloon, the tables could be hoisted to the ceiling after dinner, clearing the floor for dancing. Her [[sick bay]] had five rooms, each with berths for ten patients. She had steel-hulled lifeboats.<ref name=EW-1894-0607>{{cite news |title=Willehad's maiden trip. |newspaper=[[The Evening World]] |place=New York |date=7 June 1894 |page=3 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030193/1894-06-07/ed-2/seq-3/}}</ref>

''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' had a pair of three-cylinder [[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|triple-expansion engines]]. Their combined power was rated at 514 [[Horsepower#Nominal horsepower|NHP]]<ref name=LR1896/> or 1,100 [[Horsepower#Indicated horsepower|ihp]],{{sfn|''Merchant Vessels of the United States'' 1924|p=120}} and gave her a speed of {{convert|12|kn|km/h|0}}. She had a crew of 70.{{sfn|Kludas|1983|p=113}} NDL [[Ship registration|registered]] ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' at Bremen. Her [[code letters]] were QFVL.<ref name=LR1896/>

==New York and Baltimore==
On 24 May 1894 ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' left Bremen with 432 passengers on her maiden voyage. On 7 June she reached [[Hoboken, New Jersey|Hoboken]] after a voyage of 13 days and 13 hours.<ref name=EW-1894-0607/> She remained on this route until October,<ref>{{cite news |title=Marine News. |newspaper=Forth Worth Gazette |date=12 October 1896 |page=2 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86071158/1894-10-12/ed-1/seq-2/}}</ref> and then on 10 November left Bremen on a voyage to South America.{{sfn|Bonsor|1975|p=558}} By March 1895 she was back on the Bremen – Hoboken route,<ref>{{cite news |title=Movements of steamships. |newspaper=The [[Indianapolis Journal]] |date=22 March 1895 |page=2 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82015679/1895-03-22/ed-1/seq-2/}}</ref> on which she remained until September 1895.<ref>{{cite news |title=The movements of steamers. |newspaper=[[New-York Tribune]] |date=26 September 1895 |page=12 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1895-09-26/ed-1/seq-12/}}</ref> In October 1895 NDL transferred her to its route between Bremen and Baltimore.<ref>{{cite news |title=Passenger Steamers Withdrawn. |newspaper=[[Birmingham Post-Herald|Birmingham Age-Herald]] |place=Birmingham, AL |date=10 August 1895 |page=1 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84020639/1895-08-10/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref> For the rest of the 1890s her usual route was between Bremen and Baltimore, apart from three voyages between Bremen and Hoboken in 1896, and another three in 1899–1900.

In January 1896 ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' sailed to Hoboken, arriving on 1 February,<ref>{{cite news |title=Foreign Ports. |newspaper=[[The San Francisco Call]] |date=2 February 1896 |page=27 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1896-02-02/ed-1/seq-27/}}</ref> but by mid-March she had reverted to the Baltimore route.<ref>{{cite news |title=Is she demented? |newspaper=San Antonio Daily Light |date=16 March 1896 |page=1 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86090439/1896-03-16/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref> She made two trips to Hoboken in early November and early December 1896.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shipping news. |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=7 November 1896 |page=10 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1896-11-07/ed-1/seq-10/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Steamship Arrivals. |newspaper=[[The Scranton Times-Tribune|The Scranton Tribune]] |place=Scranton, PA |date=5 December 1896 |page=1 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84026355/1896-12-05/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref> She then reverted to the Baltimore route, and on 1 January 1897 ran aground off [[Cape Henry]] when leaving Baltimore for Bremen in dense fog. The steam [[pilot boat]] from [[Norfolk, Virginia]] helped to refloat her at high tide.<ref>{{cite news |title=The "Willehad" stranded. |newspaper=[[The News & Observer]] |place=Raleigh, NC |date=2 January 1897 |page=1 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042104/1897-01-02/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref> In April 1897 she made another trip to Hoboken,<ref>{{cite news |title=Movements of steamships. |newspaper=[[The St. Paul Globe]] |date=30 April 1897 |page=1 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn90059523/1897-04-30/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref> but in August and November 1897, and April 1898, her voyages were to Baltimore.<ref>{{cite news |title=Personal Mention. |newspaper=[[The Washington Star|The Evening Star]] |place=Washington, DC |date=26 August 1897 |page=1 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1897-08-26/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Movements of steamships. |newspaper=The Indianapolis Journal |date=25 November 1897 |page=5 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82015679/1897-11-25/ed-1/seq-5/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Wilmington man's romantic marriage. |newspaper=[[The News Journal|The Evening Journal]] |place=Wilmington, DE |date=16 April 1898 |page=4 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85042354/1898-04-16/ed-1/seq-4/}}</ref> By July 1898 NDL was offering weekly sailings between Bremen and Baltimore, with each ship completing a round trip on the route every six weeks.<ref>{{cite news |title=North German Lloyd |newspaper=The Washington Sentinel |place=Washington, DC |date=9 July 1897 |page=2 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82016354/1898-07-09/ed-1/seq-2/}}</ref>

On one westbound crossing, ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' was slowed by gale-force winds from 26 December 1898 until 1 January 1899. Her passengers were kept below decks for days. A wave swept the stock of an anchor, weighing {{convert|800|to|1000|lb}}, from her [[Forecastle|fo'c's'le]] to her main deck. A reel with {{convert|100|ft}} of steel cable was also swept to the main deck. One of her steam winches was torn from its mountings, and its steam pipe ripped up. About {{convert|20|ft|0}} of the railing of her fo'c's'le was swept away. One of the doors of her third class accommodation burst open, causing flooding with water {{convert|3|ft|0}} deep.<ref>{{cite news |title=German Steamer in a Hurricane |newspaper=[[The Democratic Advocate]] |place=Westminster, MD |date=14 January 1899 |page=2 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85038292/1899-01-14/ed-1/seq-2/}}</ref> ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' reached Baltimore on 10 January, six days late.<ref>{{cite news |title=Delayed by hurricanes. |newspaper=[[Washington Times-Herald|The Evening Times]] |place=Washington, DC |date=10 January 1899 |page=1 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84024441/1899-01-10/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref>

On 19 March 1899 ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' left Bremen with 850 passengers. On 24 March, at position {{coord|48|N|25|W}}, her [[Port and starboard|starboard]] propeller shaft broke, and she lost her starboard propeller. She turned back, and on 28 March reached [[Falmouth, Cornwall]]. After repairs she resumed her voyage, and on 11 April she reached Hoboken.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shipping news. |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=24 April 1899 |page=12 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1899-04-24/ed-1/seq-12/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Willehad disabled. |url-access=subscription |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=29 March 1899 |page=7 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/03/29/102130366.html?pageNumber=7}}</ref> She then continued to [[Port of Galveston|Galveston]], where she arrived shortly after 3 May.<ref>{{cite news |title=Business with Germany. |newspaper=[[Houston Post|The Houston Daily Post]] |place=Houston, TX |date=3 May 1899 |page=7 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86071197/1899-05-03/ed-1/seq-7/}}</ref> She loaded a cargo of cotton, and left for Bremen on 15 May.<ref>{{cite news |title=Marine intelligence. |newspaper=The Houston Daily Post |place=Houston, TX |date=16 May 1899 |page=8 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86071197/1899-05-16/ed-1/seq-8/}}</ref> She then returned to her route between Bremen and Baltimore.<ref>{{cite news |title=From Baltimore to Bremen direct. |newspaper=[[The Washington Times (1894–1939)|The Washington Times]] |place=Washington, DC |date=1 May 1899 |page=7 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85054468/1899-05-01/ed-1/seq-7/}}</ref>

In 1898 an electrician in ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}''{{'}}s crew, Adolph Pahlmann, had courted a [[Vienna|Viennese]] passenger, Marie Brenner, and the couple had become engaged. Brenner went to stay with her uncle in Kansas, but the next year, on 13 August 1899, the couple were married in Baltimore. They held their wedding reception at a German-owned restaurant there, and spent their wedding night in a room over the restaurant. The couple planned to move to Pahlmann's home city of [[Hanover]], Germany, with the bride sailing as a passenger aboard ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}''. Early the next morning Pahlmann went to rejoin his ship, and his bride went back to bed for a few hours. A few hours later, the restauranteur found her dead from [[coal gas]] poisoning. She had turned off a [[Gas lighting|gaslight]], but the valve was not fully closed, and she was poisoned in her sleep. Her funeral was held on 16 August, and the next day Pahlmann left Baltimore aboard ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}''. A few hours after sailing, Pahlmann and another crewman were on deck when a great wave hit the ship and threw them against a bulkhead. Pahlmann was knocked unconscious, and his shipmate's leg was broken in two places. The [[Naval surgeon|ship's doctor]] treated the two men, but 20 minutes later Pahlmann was dead. At 17:00 hrs on 18 August, ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' stopped in mid-ocean and [[Half-mast|lowered her colors]]. Pahlmann's funeral was held, and he was [[Burial at sea|buried at sea]].<ref>{{cite news |title=A bride's sad death. |newspaper=The Wilmington Daily Republican |place=Wilmington, DE |date=16 August 1899 |page=4 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn88053055/1899-08-16/ed-1/seq-4/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Not long separated. |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=24 September 1899 |page=13 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/09/24/118939868.html?pageNumber=13}}</ref>

''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' remained on NDL's Baltimore route until November 1899,<ref>{{cite news |title=Movements of steamships. |newspaper=The Indianapolis Journal |date=8 December 1899 |page=2 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82015679/1899-12-08/ed-1/seq-2/}}</ref> and then in December 1899 and January 1900 made two voyages between Bremen and Hoboken.<ref>{{cite news |title=The movements of steamers. |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=26 December 1899 |page=10 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1899-12-26/ed-1/seq-10/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Incoming steamers. |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=12 January 1900 |page=10 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1900-01-12/ed-1/seq-10/}}</ref>

==Australia via Suez==
In 1900 ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}''{{'}}s passenger accommodation was refitted. Instead of a two-class ship with more than 1,000 third class and no [[First class travel|first class]], she became a three-class ship with berths for only 230 passengers: 150 in first class, 40 in second class, and 40 in third class. She made one round trip on the [[:de:Reichspostdampfer|Reichspostdampfer]] route between Bremen and [[Port Jackson|Sydney]], [[New South Wales]] via the Suez Canal, as a temporary substitute for the liner ''{{lang|de|Gera}}''. She left Bremerhaven on 18 July 1900, and called at [[Port of Antwerp|Antwerp]], [[Port of Southampton|Southampton]], [[Port of Genoa|Genoa]], [[Port of Naples|Naples]], [[Port Said]], [[Suez]], and [[Port of Colombo|Colombo]].<ref name=Age-1900-0910>{{cite news |title=G.M.S. Willehad. |newspaper=[[The Age]] |place=Melbourne |date=10 September 1900 |page=4 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/188638795}}</ref>

Her reception in Australia was mixed. On 30 August she reached [[Western Australia]], where she was greeted as "the smallest vessel of the Norddeutscher Lloyd that has visited [[Fremantle Harbour|Fremantle]]".<ref>{{cite news |title=Shipping notes. |newspaper=[[The West Australian]] |place=Perth, WA |date=1 September 1900 |page=4 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/23842900}}</ref> One [[Perth]] newspaper said "From outward appearances the vessel does not give a favorable impression not being up to the standard of the Norddeutscher Lloyd liners in cleanliness or beauty".<ref>{{cite news |title=The G.M.S. Willehad |newspaper=[[Daily News (Perth, Western Australia)|The Daily News]] |place=Perth, WA |date=30 August 1900 |page=3 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/79417828}}</ref> On 5 September she anchored in [[Largs Bay, South Australia]] with 236 passengers, of whom 40 were for [[Adelaide]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The mail steamers. |newspaper=[[The Telegraph (Adelaide)|The Express and Telegraph]] |place=Adelaide |date=6 September 1900 |page=2 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/209540793}}</ref> On 8 September she reached [[Port of Melbourne|Melbourne]], [[Victoria (state)|Victoria]], where she was described as "a shapely vessel"<ref name=Age-1900-0910/> that was "bound to establish herself in the public favour".<ref>{{cite news |title=The Willehad. |newspaper=[[The Argus (Melbourne)|The Argus]] |place=Melbourne |date=10 September 1900 |page=4 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/9555238}}</ref> On 12 September she berthed in [[Woolloomooloo]] Bay in Sydney.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Willehad. |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=13 September 1900 |page=5 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/157854261}}</ref>

[[File:HMSRoyalArthur1897.jpg|thumb|[[Protected cruiser]] {{HMS|Royal Arthur|1891|6}}]]
On 22 September she left Sydney on her return voyage to Bremen.<ref>{{cite news |title=Clearances. |newspaper=[[Daily Cargo News|The Daily Commercial News and Shipping List]] |place=Sydney, NSW |date=24 September 1900 |page=4 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/157854089}}</ref> She called at the same ports as on her outward voyage. As she left Adelaide on 29 September, she saluted the [[Australia Station]] [[flagship]] {{HMS|Royal Arthur|1891|6}} by lowering her German [[Ensign (flag)|ensign]], and by her band playing ''[[God Save the King]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=International courtesy. |newspaper=[[The News (Adelaide)|Evening Journal]] |place=Adelaide |date=1 October 1900 |page=2 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/199968862}}</ref> She reached Bremen on 15 November.<ref>{{cite news |title=Movements of steamers |newspaper=The Daily Commercial News and Shipping List |place=Sydney, NSW |date=27 November 1900 |page=7 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/157851452}}</ref>

==Changes of route==
NDL transferred ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' to its route between Bremen and South America. She made 12 voyages on this route, the last of which began from Bremen on 23 May 1903.{{sfn|Bonsor|1975|p=558}}

In March 1904 NDL and [[Hamburg America Line]] (HAPAG) announced a joint service between Scandinavian ports and New York. Two ships would serve the route: NDL's ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' and HAPAG's ''Adria''. The service was to be called "Scandia Line" – not to be confused with the Danish [[Scandinavian America Line]]. HAPAG and NDL aimed to undercut [[Cunard Line]], which also served this route.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rate war on the Cunard. |newspaper=[[The Sun (New York City)|The Sun]] |place=New York |date=8 March 1904 |page=9 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030272/1904-03-08/ed-1/seq-9/}}</ref> Fares were $18 from Scandinavia to New York, and $16 from New York to Scandinavia.<ref>{{cite news |title=Scandia Line |newspaper=Decorah-Posten og ved Arnen |place=Decorah, IA |language=da |date=5 July 1904 |page=2 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045473/1904-07-05/ed-1/seq-2/}}</ref> ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' worked the route from Stettin, from which she made her first Scandia Line sailing on 3 May 1904. She called at [[Helsingborg]] and [[Port of Gothenburg|Gothenburg]] in Sweden, and [[Kristiansand]] in Norway.{{sfn|Bonsor|1975|p=558}} She arrived in New York on 19 May, carrying 218 [[steerage]] class passengers.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rival Service to Scandinavian Ports. |newspaper=The Sun |place=New York |date=20 May 1904 |page=5 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030272/1904-05-20/ed-1/seq-5/}}</ref> She made three round trips on this route.{{sfn|Bonsor|1975|p=558}} Her final Scandia Line voyage began from Stettin in August,<ref>{{cite news |title=Ocean steamers. |newspaper=The San Francisco Call |date=12 August 1904 |page=7 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1904-08-12/ed-1/seq-12/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ocean steamers. |newspaper=The San Francisco Call |date=30 August 1904 |page=7 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1904-08-30/ed-1/seq-7/}}</ref> and she was scheduled to leave New York for the return voyage on 17 September.<ref>{{cite news |title=Scandia Line |newspaper=Svenska Monitoren |place=Sioux City, IA |language=sv |date=16 September 1904 |page=8 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn87058078/1904-09-16/ed-1/seq-8/}}</ref>

==Far East==
During the [[Russo-Japanese War]], the [[Russian Empire]] expelled several hundred Japanese from [[Vladivostok]], Port Arthur (now [[Dalian]] in China), and [[Outer Manchuria]]. Two railway trains had taken the refugees to Bremen, and from there NDL took them to Japan. Sources differ as to whether ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' took them all the way from Bremen to Japan,<ref name=QT-1905-0202>{{cite news |title=Japanese Gratitude. |newspaper=[[The Queensland Times]], Ipswich Herald, and General Advertiser |place=Ipswich, QLD |date=2 February 1905 |page=11 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/124518866}}</ref> or the NDL liner ''[[USS Aeolus (ID-3005)|Großer Kurfürst]]'' took them to Fremantle, where on 21 November 1904 they were transferred to ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}''.<ref name=Age-1904-1122>{{cite news |title=Japanese refugees. |newspaper=The Age |place=Melbourne |date=22 November 1904 |page=5 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/189430794}}</ref> They also disagree as to whether the number of refugees was 707<ref name=Age-1904-1122/> or 832.<ref name=QT-1905-0202/>

[[File:The Americana - a universal reference library, comprising the arts and sciences, literature, history, biography, geography, commerce, etc. of the world (1903) (14761612426).jpg|thumb|upright|[[Emperor Meiji]] of Japan]]
Either way, ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' took the Japanese via [[Singapore in the Straits Settlements|Singapore]], where on 26 November, as she was leaving her wharf, she collided with the [[Burns Philp|Burns, Philp]] steamship ''Airlie''. Two plates on the [[Port and starboard|starboard]] bow of ''Airlie''{{'}}s hull were damaged, and a guard-rail at ''Airlie''{{'}}s stern was damaged.<ref>{{cite news |title=The Willehad and Airlie in collision. |newspaper=[[The Sydney Morning Herald]] |date=1 February 1905 |page=8 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/14685082}}</ref> She reached [[Port of Nagasaki|Nagasaki]] on 6 December, and continued via [[Moji-ku, Kitakyūshū|Moji]] and [[Port of Kobe|Kobe]] to [[Port of Yokohama|Yokohama]], where she arrived on 12 December. At each port the Japanese entertained ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}''{{'}}s officers, and at Yokohama [[Emperor Meiji]] received them, and gave ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}''{{'}}s [[Master mariner|Master]], [[Sea captain|Captain]] Zurbonsen, an award.<ref name=QT-1905-0202/>

NDL planned a new mail service between Yokohama and Sydney via Kobe, [[British Hong Kong|Hong Kong]], [[German New Guinea]], [[New Britain]], and [[Port of Brisbane|Brisbane]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Notes. |newspaper=[[Newcastle Herald|Newcastle Morning Herald and Miners' Advocate]] |place=Newcastle, NSW |date=29 December 1904 |page=4 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/136387706}}</ref> ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' started on the route from Yokohama on 31 December 1904,<ref>{{cite news |title=Shipping. |newspaper=[[Telegraph (Brisbane)|The Telegraph]] |place=Brisbane |date=30 December 1904 |page=8 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/173927886}}</ref> and reached Sydney on 1 February 1905.<ref>{{cite news |title=Mail steamers. |newspaper=[[The Australian Star]] |place=Sydney |date=1 February 1905 |page=2 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/231857717}}</ref> Her running mates on the route were ''[[:de:Prinz Waldemar (Schiff, 1903)|Prinz Waldemar]]'' and ''{{lang|de|Prinz Sigismund}}''.<ref>{{cite news |title=N.D.L. service to be improved. |newspaper=[[The Courier-Mail|The Brisbane Courier]] |date=24 December 1904 |page=5 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/19305747}}</ref> By April 1906, ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}''{{'}}s ports of call also included [[Port of Manila|Manila]] in the [[History of the Philippines (1898–1946)|Philippines]].<ref>{{cite news |title=The Willehad detained. |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=12 April 1906 |page=4 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/14764968}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=The Willehad leaves Manila. |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |date=6 June 1906 |page=10 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/14777377}}</ref> On 15 December 1906 she left Melbourne,<ref>{{cite news |title=Shipping news |newspaper=The Age |place=Melbourne |date=23 March 1907 |page=13 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/196151943}}</ref> for a voyage via Sydney, [[Port of Newcastle|Newcastle]], Manila, and [[Java]].<ref>{{cite news |title=N.D.L. Line. |newspaper=[[The Sun (Sydney)|The Sunday Sun]] |place=Sydney |date=3 February 1907 |page=2 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/227134950}}</ref> She then returned to Bremen, where she arrived on 20 March 1907.<ref>{{cite news |title=Movements of steamers |newspaper=The Daily Commercial News and Shipping List |place=Sydney, NSW |date=11 April 1907 |page=7 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Trove |url= https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/158818358}}</ref>

==From Hamburg to Boston==
By June 1910 ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' was equipped with [[Submarine signals|submarine signalling]],{{sfn|''Lloyd's Register'' 1910|loc=[https://archive.org/details/HECROS1911ST/page/n1069/mode/1up List of vessels fitted with submarine signalling apparatus]}}  and by June 1911 she was also equipped with [[wireless telegraphy]].{{sfn|''Lloyd's Register'' 1910|loc=[https://archive.org/details/HECROS1911ST/page/n1082/mode/1up Supplementary list of vessels fitted with installation of wireless telegraphy]}} In November 1911 she made a voyage from [[Port of Rotterdam|Rotterdam]] to Baltimore.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ruch parowców |newspaper=Dziennik Chicagoski |place=Chicago, IL |language=pl |date=18 November 1911 |page=4 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045747/1911-11-18/ed-1/seq-4/}}</ref> By May 1912 she was serving a route between Hamburg and [[Port of Montreal|Montreal]]<ref>{{cite news |title=Ruch parowców |newspaper=Dziennik Chicagoski |place=Chicago, IL |language=pl |date=15 May 1912 |page=12 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045747/1912-05-15/ed-1/seq-4/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ruch parowców |newspaper=Dziennik Chicagoski |place=Chicago, IL |language=pl |date=4 June 1912 |page=12 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045747/1912-06-04/ed-1/seq-4/}}</ref> via Rotterdam.<ref>{{cite news |title=Steamship Arrivals. |newspaper=[[The Bulletin (Norwich)|Norwich Bulletin]] |place=Norwich, CT |date=4 September 1912 |page=1 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014086/1912-09-04/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Ocean steamers. |newspaper=The San Francisco Call |date=11 September 1912 |page=11 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85066387/1912-09-11/ed-1/seq-15/}}</ref> In January 1913 she arrived in [[Port of Philadelphia|Philadelphia]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Ruch parowców |newspaper=Dziennik Chicagoski |place=Chicago, IL |language=pl |date=20 January 1913 |page=4 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045747/1913-01-20/ed-1/seq-4/}}</ref>

By 1914 ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}''{{'}}s wireless [[Maritime call sign|call sign]] was DWH.{{sfn|The Marconi Press Agency Ltd|1914|p=379}} On 10 July 1914 she left Hamburg on her twenty-fourth voyage to [[Port of Quebec|Quebec]] and Montreal.{{sfn|Bonsor|1975|p=558}} By the end of July 1914 she was in Montreal, loading a cargo that included wheat, barley, flour, and oil cake.<ref name=BET-1914-0827>{{cite news |title=Unload Hamburg cargo here |newspaper=[[Boston Evening Transcript]] |date=24 August 1914 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://www.loc.gov/resource/2004540423/1914-08-24/ed-1/seq-171/}}</ref> In response to the [[July Crisis]], 200 [[Austria-Hungary|Austro-Hungarian]] [[Military reserve force|reservists]] in Canada booked to sail on her to return home. However, on the eve of war the German government ordered her to leave Montreal and seek refuge in [[Neutral country|neutral]] Boston, to avoid being seized in Canada.<ref>{{cite news |title=Ocean liners are detained in port |newspaper=The Evening Star |place=Washington, DC |date=1 August 1914 |page=1 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83045462/1914-08-01/ed-1/seq-21/}}</ref> She left Montreal early on the morning of 1 August.<ref>{{cite news |title=German ship to be seized by Canada |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=5 August 1914 |page=1 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1914-08-05/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref> War was declared on 3 August, but ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' evaded the cruiser {{HMS|Essex|1901|6}}, and reached Boston on 5 August.<ref>{{cite news |title=German Ship Willehad In Refuge. |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=6 August 1914 |page=5 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1914/08/06/101923199.html?pageNumber=5}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=German freighter anchors at Boston |newspaper=[[Kennebec Journal|The Daily Kennebec Journal]] |place=Augusta, ME |date=6 August 1914 |page=4 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014248/1914-08-06/ed-1/seq-4/}}</ref> ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' stayed at anchor near Boston's [[quarantine]] station until 27 August, when she moved to [[Charlestown, Boston]] to discharge her cargo into bonded storage, including 57,671 bushels of wheat and 29,950 bushels of barley to the [[Boston and Maine Railroad]]'s [[grain elevator]].<ref name=BET-1914-0827/>

[[File:SS Kronprinzessin Cecilie entering Bar Harbor, Maine, in August 1914.jpg|thumb|In November 1914 {{SS|Kronprinzessin Cecilie|1906|2}} moved from [[Bar Harbor, Maine]] and joined the other German ships in Boston]]
The [[DDG Hansa]] [[cargo ship]] ''[[USS Pequot (ID-2998)|Ockenfels]]'' also reached Boston on 5 August. In the next few days and weeks they were joined by the HAPAG [[Ocean liner|liners]] ''[[USS America (ID-3006)|Amerika]]'' and ''[[USS Covington (ID-1409)|Cincinnati]]''; the Austro-Hungarian steamship ''Erny''; and three other NDL ships: the cargo liner ''[[USS Amphion (ID-1888)|Köln]]''; ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}''{{'}}s sister ship ''{{lang|de|Wittekind}}'';<ref name=BET-1914-0827/> and later the liner {{SS|Kronprinzessin Cecilie|1906|2}}.<ref>{{cite news |title=48 German vessels lie in U. S. ports |newspaper=The Hattiesburg News |place=Hattiesburg, MS |date=15 May 1915 |page=6 |access-date=9 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn87065167/1915-05-15/ed-1/seq-6/}}</ref> In order to save on port dues, the ships moved to [[Anchorage (maritime)|anchorages]] after discharging their cargo.<ref name=BET-1914-0827/> They moved back into Boston Harbor for the winter of 1914–15, and then returned to their anchorages near Boston's [[quarantine]] station at the end of March 1915.<ref>{{cite news |title=German ships move |newspaper=The Sun |place=New York |date=31 March 1915 |page=2 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn83030272/1915-03-31/ed-1/seq-2/}}</ref> The [[United States Navy|US Navy]] positioned the cruiser {{USS|Brooklyn|ACR-3|6}} to keep all of the anchored ships under constant surveillance.<ref>{{cite news |title=To watch ships |newspaper=[[Grand Forks Herald|Grand Forks Daily Herald]] |place=Grand Forks, ND |date=30 March 1915 |page=6 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn89074405/1915-03-30/ed-1/seq-6/}}</ref>

In 1915, events such as the [[Thrasher incident]] at the end of March and the [[Sinking of the RMS Lusitania|Sinking of RMS ''Lusitania'']] early in May increased tension between the US and Germany. At the end of May, US armed forces were ordered to fire upon any German or Austro-Hungarian ship that tried to leave a US port, and to sink her if she did not heave to.<ref>{{cite news |title=Orders to sink Austrian or German ships leaving port |newspaper=The Daily Kennebec Journal |place=Augusta, ME |date=1 June 1915 |page=2 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://www.loc.gov/resource/sn82014248/1915-06-01/ed-1/seq-2/}}</ref>

==From Boston to New London==
In August 1916 the Eastern Forwarding Company (EFC), [[Shipping agency|agents]] for the cargo submarines ''{{lang|de|Deutschland}}'' and ''Bremen'', [[Chartering (shipping)|chartered]] ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}''.<ref name=BEF-1916-0824>{{cite news |title=Submarine freighter Bremen is reported nearing New London; big German steamer, interned at Boston, moves to State Dock |newspaper=[[Bridgeport Evening Farmer]] |place=Bridgeport, CT |date=24 August 1916 |page=1 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84022472/1916-08-24/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref> On 23 August she left [[dry dock]], [[Bunkering|bunkered]] several hundred tons of coal, ice and stores, and returned to her pier. An application was made for two ships to use the Cape Cod Canal. Permission was granted for ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'', but the other ship, whose name was not disclosed, was larger, and permission for her was denied.<ref>{{cite news |title=Odd Moves of German Ships in Boston |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=24 August 1914 |page=1 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/08/24/104688021.html?pageNumber=1}}</ref> She embarked a full crew, and early on 24 August was [[Maritime pilot|piloted]] out of Boston. A [[tugboat]] met her off [[Plymouth, Massachusetts]] and accompanied her to the mouth of the Cape Cod Canal.<ref name=BEF-1916-0824/> The canal had opened on 29 July 1914, and ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' became the first foreign ship to use it.<ref name=BEF-1917-0512>{{cite news |title=Willehad taken from New London; may be transport |newspaper=Bridgeport Evening Farmer |place=Bridgeport, CT |date=12 May 1917 |page=3 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84022472/1917-05-12/ed-1/seq-3/}}</ref>

A tug of the T.A. Scott Towing Company, ''Alert'', put out of New London to try to meet ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' and convoy her into port, but ran into thick fog. ''Alert'' carried Captain Hinsch, EFC's Marine Superintendent, who was previously Master of the NDL liner ''[[USS Antigone (ID-3007)|Neckar]]''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Fog delays Willehad after eluding patrol |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=25 August 1914 |page=3 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/08/25/104688418.html?pageNumber=3}}</ref> At 16:00 hrs on 24 August ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' passed Hen and Chickens Light in [[Buzzards Bay, Massachusetts|Buzzard's Bay]], but ran into afog an hour later, and anchored for the night. The next morning she got underway at 05:00 hrs,<ref>{{cite news |title=Liner docks in New London. |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=26 August 1914 |page=3 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/08/26/104688675.html?pageNumber=3}}</ref> and docked in New London just before 10:00 hrs.<ref>{{cite news |title=Willehad at New London |newspaper=Bridgeport Evening Farmer |place=Bridgeport, CT |date=25 August 1916 |page=1 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84022472/1916-08-25/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref>

''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' was moored to piling in the [[Thames River (Connecticut)|Thames River]], with her stern against the river bank. About {{convert|50|ft}} to one side of her was the State Pier,<ref name=Tribune-1916-1026>{{cite news |title=Willehad Tied to Dock Built for Submarines |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=26 October 1916 |page=2 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1916-10-26/ed-1/seq-6/}}</ref> which had recently been built at a cost of $1 million.<ref name=BEF-1917-0512/> The EFC had hurriedly built a corrugated iron shed, {{convert|400|by|25|ft|0}}, on the pier. Between the pier and  ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}''{{'}}s bow, EFC built a floating gate {{convert|30|ft|0}} high. This enclosed a space between the ship and the pier large enough for a cargo submarine to dock, and then be secluded when the floating gate was closed. The piling under the pier, and the piling to which the ship was moored, was electrically wired to an alarm bell in an office attached to the shed.<ref name=Tribune-1916-1026/>

On 28 August 1916 the submarine ''Bremen'' left Bremerhaven on her maiden voyage.<ref name=Tribune-1916-1102>{{cite news |title=Gems in $10,000,000 Deutschland Cargo |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=2 November 1916 |page=1 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1916-11-02/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref> She was headed for a port on the [[East Coast of the United States]], but never arrived. On 29 September a [[Personal flotation device|life jacket]], stained with oil, was found at Maiden Cove on [[Cape Elizabeth, Maine]]. Stencilled on it was the word "Bremen", and printed on it were a small crown, with "Schutzmarke" above, and "V-Epping-Hoven, Willhelmshaven" below. The life jacket was smaller than those normally carried on steamships, and was said to be similar to those carried on submarines.<ref>{{cite news |title=Life Buoy Marked Bremen Floats in Near Portland |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=30 September 1916 |pages=1, 2 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1916-09-30/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref> ''Bremen'' never did reach port, and no other wreckage of her was ever found.

''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' remained at New London, and her wireless was sealed in accordance with US neutrality regulations.<ref>{{cite news |title=U-boat plot seen in liner's move |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=26 October 1916 |pages=1, 2 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1916-10-26/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref> On 25 October the British government claimed to have intercepted two letters from members of her crew to relatives in Germany, claiming that ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' was to put to sea to operate as a wireless station for [[U-boat]]s from within US [[territorial waters]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Seize Letters Saying Willehad Wat to Act in 3-Mile Limit as U-Boat Telegraph Station |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=26 October 1916 |page=1 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/10/26/100224318.html?pageNumber=1}}</ref>

==Tender to ''{{lang|de|Deutschland}}''==
[[File:Deutschland LOC 15492708461.jpg|thumb|The Eastern Forwarding Company dock at New London. The quay is on the right, with {{ship|German submarine|Deutschland||2}} alongside it. ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}''{{'}}s starboard side is on the left. In the background is the floating gate secluding the dock from view from the Thames River.]]
The submarine ''{{lang|de|Deutschland}}'' left Bremen on 10 October, and reached New London early on the morning of 1 November. She docked between ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' and the pier, and ''Deutschland''{{'}}s 25 crew moved into the best cabins aboard ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}''. Cargo worth $10&nbsp;million was discharged from ''{{lang|de|Deutschland}}'' to the shed: including synthetic dyes, pharmaceuticals, gems, and financial stocks and bonds.<ref name=Tribune-1916-1102/> On Sunday 5 November ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' hosted a [[Lutheranism|Lutheran]] service for the submariners, led by a minister from [[Hartford, Connecticut]].<ref name=NYT-1916-1106>{{cite news |title=Deutschland loads up. |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=6 November 1916 |page=5 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/11/06/301927022.html?pageNumber=5}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Deutschland has Sunday services |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=6 November 1916 |page=3 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1916-11-06/ed-1/seq-3/}}</ref>

On 8 November, 2,000 New London townspeople attended a reception at the Municipal Building for ''{{lang|de|Deutschland}}''{{'}}s Master, [[Paul König]], and his officers. After the reception, the New London Chamber of Commerce hosted a dinner for König; and for Captain Jachens of ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}''; seven members of their respective crews; and 300 guests. König was presented with a gold watch, engraved with the [[Seal (emblem)|seal]] of New London.<ref>{{cite news |title=Dinner is given to Koenig and men |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=9 November 1916 |page=10 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1916-11-09/ed-1/seq-10/}}</ref>

EFC employed 60 [[African Americans|African American]] [[Dockworker|stevedores]] to load ''{{lang|de|Deutschland}}''.<ref name=NYT-1916-1106/> They loaded a cargo estimated to be worth more than $2&nbsp;million, comprising 360 tons of nickel; 180 tons of crude rubber; and bars of zinc and silver.<ref name=Tribune-1916-1117>{{cite news |title=Deutschland off on home voyage |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=17 November 1916 |page=1 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1916-11-17/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref> The nickel was imported from Canada via a company in New Jersey; stored in the warehouse of another company in New York; and transported via a railroad yard in Baltimore.<ref>{{cite news |title=Deutschland loads up. |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=11 November 1916 |page=12 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1916/11/11/100227754.html?pageNumber=12}}</ref>

[[File:Deutschland Willehad Ward County Independent 1916-11-16.jpg|thumb|upright|Newspaper photomontage showing (1) ''{{lang|de|Deutschland}}'' in the Eastern Forwarding Company dock, (2) ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}''{{'}}s Master, Captain J Jachens, and (3) ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'', moored to form one side of the EFC dock]]
At 22:00 hrs on 16 November the lights on the EFC pier were switched off, and a launch from ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' went down the harbor. ''{{lang|de|Deutschland}}'' left her dock at 01:30 hrs on 17 November, and two tugs towed her down the harbor. A launch full of news reporters followed them. The flotilla passed the cruiser {{USS|Columbia|C-12|6}} at 01:45 hrs. ''Columbia'' and several passenger ships pointed searchlights at ''{{lang|de|Deutschland}}'', and blew their whistles.<ref name=Tribune-1916-1117/> However, one of the tugs, ''T. A. Scott, Jr.'', turned across the submarine's bow. ''{{lang|de|Deutschland}}'' unintentionally rammed the tug; sinking her; and killing all five of the tug's crew. The only survivor was EFC's Captain Hinsch, who was a passenger. ''{{lang|de|Deutschland}}''{{'}}s bow was damaged, so she returned to port for repairs.<ref name=Tribune-1916-1120>{{cite news |title=Libel guard sits on Deutschland |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=20 November 1916 |page=3 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1916-11-20/ed-1/seq-3/}}</ref>

The T.A. Scott Towing Company [[Libel (admiralty law)|libelled]] the submarine for $12,000 for the loss of the tug, so ''{{lang|de|Deutschland}}''{{'}}s crew had to leave the submarine. They were quartered aboard ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' while the legal dispute was resolved.<ref name=Tribune-1916-1120/> The families of the five tugboatmen killed also filed lawsuits. On 20 September enough of a legal agreement was reached between the parties for ''{{lang|de|Deutschland}}'' to leave port, and her crew returned from ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' to their submarine.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cut legal ties of Deutschland |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=21 November 1916 |page=3 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1916-11-21/ed-1/seq-3/}}</ref> On 21 November ''{{lang|de|Deutschland}}'' left New London for Bremen;<ref>{{cite news |title=Deutschland off; hugs coast |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=22 November 1916 |page=3 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1916-11-22/ed-1/seq-3/}}</ref> accompanied by Captain Hinsch aboard the T.A. Scott tug ''Alert'', but this time in daylight.<ref>{{cite news |title=Deutschland is outward bound |newspaper=Norwich Bulletin |place=Norwich, CT |date=22 November 1916 |page=1 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014086/1916-11-22/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Deutschland on her eastward trip after bold start |newspaper=[[Barre Montpelier Times Argus|Barre Daily Times]] |place=Barre, VT |date=22 November 1916 |page=1 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn91066782/1916-11-22/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref>

''{{lang|de|Deutschland}}'' safely reached her home port in the [[Weser]] by 11 December.<ref>{{cite news |title=Deutschland is now safe in port |newspaper=[[Brattleboro Reformer|The Brattleboro Daily Reformer]] |place=Brattleboro, VT |date=11 December 1916 |page=3 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn86071593/1916-12-11/ed-1/seq-3/}}</ref> In January 1917 ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' remained prepared for either ''{{lang|de|Deutschland}}'' or another cargo submarine to visit New London. There was speculation about "a submersible, said to be larger than Deutschland",<ref>{{cite news |title=Large German submarine expected at New London |newspaper=Norwich Bulletin |place=Norwich, CT |date=20 January 1917 |page=1 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014086/1917-01-20/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=New London |newspaper=Norwich Bulletin |place=Norwich, CT |date=22 January 1917 |page=8 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014086/1917-01-22/ed-1/seq-8/}}</ref> but no such craft existed. Nor did ''{{lang|de|Deutschland}}'' return, as [[U-boat]] attacks on merchant ships caused relations between the US and Germany to deteriorate.<ref>{{cite news |title=Germany's acts of war against people of U. S. |newspaper=[[The Washington Times (1894–1939)|The Washington Times]] |place=Washington, DC |date=7 April 1917 |page=2 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84026749/1917-04-07/ed-1/seq-2/}}</ref> In February 1917 the [[Imperial German Navy]] took ''{{lang|de|Deutschland}}'' over and had her converted for combat as ''U-155''.

On 3 February 1917 the US broke off diplomatic relations with Germany.<ref>{{cite news |title=U. S. breaks with Germany |newspaper=Perth Amboy Evening News |place=Perth Amboy, NJ |date=3 February 1917 |page=1 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85035720/1917-02-03/ed-3/seq-1/}}</ref> On the same day, fire broke out on the State Pier in New London, where cargo was stored for ''{{lang|de|Deutschland}}''{{'}}s expected return.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cargo for U-liner on fire today |newspaper=Perth Amboy Evening News |place=Perth Amboy, NJ |date=3 February 1917 |page=1 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn85035720/1917-02-03/ed-3/seq-1/}}</ref> On 6 February more cargo arrived at the State Pier, mostly copper and crude rubber.<ref>{{cite news |title=Deutschland or sister ship expected at New London |newspaper=Norwich Bulletin |place=Norwich, CT |date=7 February 1917 |page=1 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014086/1917-02-07/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref> Also on 6 February, [[Bridgeport Harbor|Bridgeport]]'s Collector of Customs, James McGovern, announced that ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}''{{'}}s crew would be removed and treated as immigrants.<ref>{{cite news |title=Immigration Officer Will Take Charge of Willehad's Sailors |newspaper=Bridgeport Evening Farmer |place=Bridgeport, CT |date=6 February 1916 |page=2 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84022472/1917-02-06/ed-1/seq-2/}}</ref> However, no such action was taken.<ref>{{cite news |title=Steamer Willehead [sic] Is Yet Undisturbed |newspaper=Bridgeport Evening Farmer |place=Bridgeport, CT |date=6 February 1916 |page=12 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84022472/1917-02-06/ed-1/seq-12/}}</ref>

==Seizure==
On 2 April 1917 the submarine {{USS|D-1}} came from New York to New London, and anchored near ''{{lang|de|Willehaid}}'' to guard her and the State Pier.<ref>{{cite news |title=Wire cable found in Thames River |newspaper=Norwich Bulletin |place=Norwich, CT |date=3 April 1917 |page=7 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014086/1917-04-03/ed-1/seq-7/}}</ref> On 3 April, guards "from a United States warship" were deployed on the pier.<ref>{{cite news |title=Marines guard Willehad |newspaper=Barre Daily Times |place=Barre, VT |date=3 April 1917 |page=3 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn91066782/1917-04-03/ed-1/seq-3/}}</ref> ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}''{{'}}s charter expired, and the EFC did not renew it, so control of her reverted to NDL.<ref>{{cite news |title=Forwarding company has given up Willehad |newspaper=Norwich Bulletin |place=Norwich, CT |date=4 April 1917 |page=5 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014086/1917-04-04/ed-1/seq-5/}}</ref>

On 6 April the US declared war on Germany, and ordered the seizure of all German ships in US-controlled ports.<ref>{{cite news |title=U. S. seizes 91 German liners in ports here |newspaper=Bridgeport Evening Farmer |place=Bridgeport, CT |date=6 April 1917 |page=8 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84022472/1917-04-06/ed-1/seq-8/}}</ref> At 03:30 hrs on 6 April a force from the [[United States Coast Guard Academy]] in New London boarded ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}''. A captain, four lieutenants, 30 enlisted men, and 14 Coast Guard cadets took over the ship, and Collector McGovern requisitioned her. They caught ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}''{{'}}s crew asleep, which prevented any of them from trying to [[Scuttling|scuttle]] her. Bureau of Immigration officers brought 36 members of ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}''{{'}}s crew were brought ashore, leaving aboard one man who was too ill with rheumatism to travel. He was later taken off to hospital.<ref>{{cite news |title=Old Glory now flies over Willehad |newspaper=Norwich Bulletin |place=Norwich, CT |date=7 April 1917 |page=5 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014086/1917-04-07/ed-1/seq-5/}}</ref> The 36 were given breakfast in New London,<ref>{{cite news |title=Crew of Willehad going to New York |newspaper=Bridgeport Evening Farmer |place=Bridgeport, CT |date=6 April 1917 |page=8 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84022472/1917-04-06/ed-1/seq-8/}}</ref> and later the Immigration officers took them by [[Shore Line East|Shore Line Express]] train to New York, on their way to [[Ellis Island]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Crowd observes Willehad crew at station here |newspaper=Bridgeport Evening Farmer |place=Bridgeport, CT |date=6 April 1917 |page=8 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84022472/1917-04-06/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref> They were [[Internment|interned]] with the crews of other seized German ships in a camp at [[Mountain Park, North Carolina]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Lucky German Girl Prisoners Transform Internment Camps Into Wonderlands |newspaper=The Daily Missoulian |place=Missoula, MT |date=24 December 1917 |page=9 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83025316/1917-12-24/ed-1/seq-9/}}</ref>

At first it was reported that ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}''{{'}}s machinery was found undamaged.<ref>{{cite news |title=German ships in U. S. ports seized |newspaper=New Britain Herald |place=New Britain, CT |date=6 April 1917 |page=1 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014519/1917-04-06/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref> Later it was reported that they had sabotaged her, but "the damage inflicted on the machinery by the now interned crew is not as bad as at first imagined".<ref>{{cite news |title=To repair Willehad in near future |newspaper=Norwich Bulletin |place=Norwich, CT |date=30 April 1917 |page=5 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014086/1917-04-30/ed-1/seq-5/}}</ref>

[[File:USSFreedom(No3024).jpg|thumb|''{{lang|de|Willehad}}''{{'}}s [[sister ship]] ''[[USS Freedom (ID-3024)|Wittekind]]'']]
A Californian, Harry S Bates, claimed that in October 1915 NDL had contracted to sell him ''{{lang|de|Wittekind}}'' and ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' for $900,000, but had refused to fulfil the contract. On 3 May 1917 he filed a suit at the [[United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts|United States District Court]] in Boston for possession of both ships.<ref>{{cite news |title=Wants seized ships |newspaper=The Daily Kennebec Journal |place=Augusta, ME |date=4 May 1917 |page=1 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014248/1917-05-04/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Brings Suit for Possession of Willehad |newspaper=Norwich Bulletin |place=Norwich, CT |date=7 May 1917 |page=7 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn82014086/1917-05-07/ed-1/seq-7/}}</ref> On 30 June President [[Woodrow Wilson]] issued an [[executive order]] authorising the USSB to take possession and title of 87 German ships, including ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}''.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shipping board gets 87 German vessels |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=1 July 1917 |page=2 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1917/07/01/96250916.html?pageNumber=2}}</ref>

On 8 May ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' left New London,<ref name=BEF-1917-0512/> and on 25 May Collector McGovern auctioned perishable merchandise that had been removed from her before she left.<ref>{{cite news |title=Collector McGovern Auctions Willehad's Perishable Cargo |newspaper=Bridgeport Evening Farmer |place=Bridgeport, CT |date=26 May 1917 |page=1 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84022472/1917-05-26/ed-1/seq-1/}}</ref> Early in June it was reported that work to recondition and fit out ''{{lang|de|Willehad}}'' and other seized ships "will go along steadily", and that she would be ready for US war service in July.<ref>{{cite news |title=Many Enemy Ships Repaired and Put In Active Service |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=6 June 1917 |page=14 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1917-06-06/ed-1/seq-14/}}</ref> However, on the evening of 29 August fire was discovered aboard her, when she was moored at "Army Pier 6" in Hoboken, which was part of the former HAPAG liner terminal. Eight [[Hoboken Fire Department]] companies turned out to fight the fire, and extinguished it within an hour. An investigation found the fire had started in oneof her cargo holds, where plumbers had been working, and one of them had carelessly used a [[blowtorch]] near a box of flammable supplies.<ref>{{cite news |title=Soldiers on guard for a ship fire |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=30 August 1917 |page=8 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1917/08/30/102644346.html?pageNumber=8}}</ref>

==''Wyandotte''==
In 1918 the USSB renamed the ship ''Wyandotte''. She was registered in New York, her US [[official number]] was 215297, and her code letters were LHMD.{{sfn|''Lloyd's Register'' 1919|loc=[https://archive.org/details/HECROS1920ST/page/n1194/mode/1up WUC–WYR]}} On 24 November that year she left [[Brest, France]], and on 14 December she arrived in New York.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shipping and mails |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=15 December 1918 |page=23 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1918/12/15/97051524.html?pageNumber=23}}</ref> On 23 February 1919 she left [[Bordeaux]] carrying men of the [[American Expeditionary Forces]]. One officer and 33 men were of Detachment C of [[Casual Company]] 33. Another officer and three men were a medical detachment.<ref>{{cite news |title=Troopships due today |newspaper=The Sun |place=New York |date=3 March 1919 |page=6 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030431/1919-03-09/ed-1/seq-6/}}</ref> She arrived in New York on 12 March.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shipping and mails |url-access=subscription |newspaper=The New York Times |date=13 March 1919 |page=23 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Times Machine |url= https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1919/03/13/97085430.html?pageNumber=23}}</ref> On 7 August 1919 she arrived in Boston from New York.<ref>{{cite news |title=American ports |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=8 August 1919 |page=16 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1919-08-08/ed-1/seq-16/}}</ref> On 14 August she left Boston for London, England.<ref>{{cite news |title=American ports |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=14 August 1919 |page=18 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1919-08-14/ed-1/seq-18/}}</ref>

On 9 April 1920 ''Wyandotte'' was reported to have arrived in [[Vlissingen]], the Netherlands, from New York.<ref>{{cite news |title=Shipping News |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=9 April 1920 |page=18 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1920-04-09/ed-1/seq-11/}}</ref> On 17 April she left Antwerp in ballast for the [[Black Diamond Steamship Company]], and on 3 May she reached New York.<ref>{{cite news |title=Arrived |newspaper=[[The Sun (New York City)#Later history|The Sun and The New York Herald]] |date=4 May 1920 |page=17 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030273/1920-05-04/ed-1/seq-17/}}</ref> Still under charter to Black Diamond, she left New York on 7 May<ref>{{cite news |title=Cleared |newspaper=The Sun and The New York Herald |date=8 May 1920 |page=8 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030273/1920-05-08/ed-1/seq-8/}}</ref> and reached Philadelphia on 10 May.<ref>{{cite news |title=American ports. (By Telegraph.) |newspaper=The Sun and The New York Herald |date=11 May 1920 |page=8 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030273/1920-05-11/ed-1/seq-14/}}</ref> On 18 May she left Philadelphia,<ref>{{cite news |title=American ports. (By Telegraph.) |newspaper=The Sun and The New York Herald |date=20 May 1920 |page=20 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030273/1920-05-20/ed-1/seq-17/}}</ref> and on 3 June she reached Rotterdam.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cable reports. |newspaper=The Sun and The New York Herald |date=6 June 1920 |page=20 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030273/1920-06-06/ed-1/seq-21/}}</ref> On 12 June she left Rotterdam for [[Wilmington, Delaware]].<ref>{{cite news |title=Cable reports. |newspaper=The Sun and The New York Herald |date=17 June 1920 |page=17 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030273/1920-06-17/ed-1/seq-17/}}</ref> On 21 August she left [[Port of Savannah|Savannah]], Georgia.<ref>{{cite news |title=Cable reports. |newspaper=The Sun and The New York Herald |date=22 August 1920 |page=21 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030273/1920-08-22/ed-1/seq-21/}}</ref> On 3 November she left [[Port of Charleston|Charleston]], South Carolina.<ref>{{cite news |title=American ports |newspaper=New-York Tribune |date=4 November 1920 |page=21 |access-date=12 April 2024 |via=Library of Congress |url= https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn83030214/1920-11-04/ed-1/seq-21/}}</ref>

''Wyandotte'' was scrapped in Baltimore,{{sfn|Bonsor|1975|p=558}} starting on 31 March 1924.{{sfn|''Merchant Vessels of the United States'' 1924|p=554}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book |last=Bonsor |first=NRP |year=1975 |title=North Atlantic Seaway |volume=2 |place=New York |publisher=Arco Publishing |isbn=978-0668036795 |via=TheShipsList |url=https://www.theshipslist.com/ships/descriptions/ShipsWZ.shtml}}
*{{cite book |last=Drechsel |first=Edwin |year=1994 |title=Norddeutscher Lloyd, Bremen, 1857–1970: History, Fleet, Ship Mails |place=Vancouver |publisher=Cordillera Publishing |isbn=978-1-895590-08-1}}
*{{cite book |year=1924 |title=Fifty-sixth Annual List of Merchant Vessels of the United States, for the Year ended June 30, 1924 |location=Washington, D.C. |publisher=Department of Commerce, Bureau of Navigation |page=149 |via=HyperWar |url= https://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/AMH/USMM/Annual_List/1924.pdf |ref={{harvid|''Merchant Vessels of the United States'' 1924}} }}
*{{cite book |last=Kludas |first=Arnold |year=1983 |title=Deutsche Ozean-Passagierschiffe 1850 bis 1895 |series=Bibliothek der Schiffstypen |language=de |place=Moers |publisher=Steiger-Verlag |isbn=3-921564-64-6}}
*{{cite book |year=1896 |title=Lloyd's Register British and Foreign of Shipping |volume=I.–Steamers |place=London |publisher=[[Lloyd's Register]] of Shipping |via=[[Internet Archive]] |ref={{harvid|''Lloyd's Register'' 1896}} }}
*{{cite book |year=1910 |title=Lloyd's Register British and Foreign of Shipping |volume=I.–Steamers |place=London |publisher=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |via=Internet Archive |ref={{harvid|''Lloyd's Register'' 1910}} }}
*{{cite book |year=1919 |title=Lloyd's Register of Shipping |volume=II.–Steamers |place=London |publisher=[[Lloyd's Register]] of Shipping |via=Internet Archive |ref={{harvid|''Lloyd's Register'' 1919}} }}
*{{cite book |author=The Marconi Press Agency Ltd |author-link=Marconi Company |year=1914 |title=The Year Book of Wireless Telegraphy and Telephony |place=London |publisher=The Marconi Press Agency Ltd}}

{{Norddeutscher Lloyd ships}}
{{1897 shipwrecks}}
{{1899 shipwrecks}}
{{1904 shipwrecks}}
{{1917 shipwrecks}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Willehad}}
[[Category:1894 ships]]
[[Category:1917 fires in the United States]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1897]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1899]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1904]]
[[Category:Maritime incidents in 1917]]
[[Category:Merchant ships of the United States]]
[[Category:Passenger ships of Germany]]
[[Category:Ship fires]]
[[Category:Ships built in Hamburg]]
[[Category:Steamships of Germany]]
[[Category:Steamships of the United States]]
[[Category:World War I merchant ships of Germany]]