View source for Saijō Domain

{{Short description|Administrative division in southwestern Japan during the Edo period (1636-1871)}}
{{Infobox former subdivision
|_noautocat             = 
|native_name            = 
|conventional_long_name = Saijō Domain<br>{{lang|ja|西条藩}}
|common_name            = Saijō Domain
|subdivision            = [[Han system|Domain]]
|image                  = Saijo entry.jpg
|image_caption          = Saijō ''jin'ya'' gate in [[Saijō, Ehime]], Currently the main gate of Saijo Prefectural High School
|nation                 = Japan
|status_text            = 
|government_type        = 
|title_leader           = ''[[Daimyō]]''
|leader1                = 
|year_leader1           = 
|leader2                = 
|year_leader2           = 
<!-- General information -->
|capital                = Saijō ''jin'ya''
|coordinates            = {{coord|33|55|12.86|N|133|10|46.40|E|display=inline}}
| membership_title1     = [[Provinces of Japan|Province]]
| membership1           = [[Iyo Province|Iyo]]
|political_subdiv       = 
|today                  = [[Ehime Prefecture]]
<!-- Rise and fall, events, years and dates -->
<!-- Only fill in the start/end event entry if a specific article exists. Don't just say "abolition" or "declaration". -->
|year_start             = 1636
|year_end               = 1871
|event_start            =
|date_start             = <!-- Optional: Date of establishment-->
|event_end              = [[Abolition of the han system]]
|date_end               = <!-- Optional: Date of disestablishment -->
|event1                 = 
|date_event1            = 
|event2                 = 
|date_event2            = 
|life_span              = 
|era                    = [[Edo period]]
|event_pre              = <!-- Optional: A crucial event that took place before before "event_start" -->
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|date_post              = 
<!-- Images -->     
|image_border           = <!-- Default: "border"; for non-rectangular flag, type "no" -->
|image_coat             = File:Mitsubaaoi.svg
|symbol_type            = ''[[Mon (emblem)|Mon]]'' of the [[Matsudaira clan]]
|symbol                 = 
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<!-- Area and population of a given year (up to 5) -->
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|stat_area1             = <!-- area in square kilometres (w/o commas or spaces), area in square miles is calculated -->
|stat_pop1              = <!-- population (w/o commas or spaces), population density is calculated if area is also given -->
|footnotes              = <!-- Accepts wikilinks -->
}}
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{{Location map|Japan Ehime Prefecture#Japan 
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|caption    = Location of Saijō ''jin'ya''
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[[file:Matsudaira Yorihide.jpg|right|thumb|270px|Matsudaira Yorihide]]

{{nihongo|'''Saijō Domain'''|西条藩| Saijō-han}} was a [[Han (Japan)|feudal domain]] under the [[Tokugawa shogunate]] of [[Edo period]] Japan, in what is now eastern [[Ehime Prefecture]] on the island of [[Shikoku]]. It was centered around Saijō ''[[jin'ya]]'', and was ruled throughout most of its history by a cadet branch of the [[Kishū Tokugawa family|Kii Tokugawa clan]]. Saijō Domain was dissolved in the [[abolition of the han system]] in 1871 and is now part of [[Ehime Prefecture]].<ref name="Nakayama">{{cite book |last1=Nakayama |first1=Yoshiaki |title=江戸三百藩大全 全藩藩主変遷表付 |date=2015 |publisher=Kosaido Publishing |isbn= 978-4331802946}}{{in lang|ja}}</ref><ref name="Nigi">{{cite book |last1=Nigi |first1=Kenichi |title=藩と城下町の事典―国別 |date=2004 |publisher=Tokyodo Printing |isbn=978-4490106510}}</ref><ref name="Papinot">{{cite book | last = Papinot | first = E| year = 1910| title = Historical and Geographic Dictionary of Japan | publisher = Tuttle (reprint) 1972 }}</ref>

==History==

In 1636, [[Hitotsuyanagi Naomori]], ''[[daimyō]]'' of [[Kanbe Domain]] in [[Ise Province]] received an increase in ''[[kokudaka]]'' of 18,000 ''[[koku]]'' and was transferred to Saijō in [[Iyo Province]] with a total of 68,000 ''koku''. This marks the start of Saijō Domain. He transferred 5,000 ''koku'' to his second son, Naoie, and thus the domain officially was rated as 63,000 ''koku''. However, Naomori died in [[Osaka]] in the same year and his inheritance was divided among his three sons: his heir Naoshige inherited 30,000 ''koku'' and became daimyo of Saijō Domain, his second son Naoie inherited 28,000 ''koku'', forming Iyo Kawanoe Domain and later transferred his seat to [[Ono Domain]] in [[Harima Province]], and his third son Naoyori became the 10,000 ''koku'' ''daimyō'' of [[Komatsu Domain]]. Naoshige built the first ''[[jin'ya]]'' and laid out the ''[[jōkamachi]]''. His son Naoki inherited the domain, but gave 5000 ''koku'' to his younger brother, reducing the domain to 25,000 ''koku''. However, in 1665, Naoki was dispossessed for negligence of duties and misgovernment, and Saijō Domain became ''[[tenryō]]'' territory administered directly by the shogunate.

In 1670, [[Matsudaira Yorizumi]], the third son of [[Tokugawa Yorinobu]], ''daimyō'' of [[Kii Domain]], was allowed to establish a cadet branch of the clan, and granted Saijō Domain with a ''kokudaka'' 30,000 ''koku'', and the Saijō domain was re-established. This domain was positioned as a subsidiary domain under Kii Domain, and was intended as "insurance" in the event that the main [[Kishū Tokugawa family|Kii Tokugawa clan]] failed to produce an heir. When the 5th ''daimyō'' of Kii Domain, [[Tokugawa Yoshimune]], became [[shogun]], the second ''daimyō'' of Saijō, Tokugawa Yoriyoshi, inherited Kii Domain and renamed himself Tokugawa Munenao, and his younger brother, Matsudaira Yoritada inherited Saijō.

The fourth daimyō, Matsudaira Yorisato, issued sumptuary orders to restore the domain's finances, but he retired at the age of 22 due to the difficulty of reforming the administration of the domain due to his poor health. His adopted heir was a younger son of Tokugawa Munenao, [[Matsudaira Yoriatsu]], how later inherited Kii Domain under the name of Tokugawa Harusada. Yoriatsu was succeeded by Matsudaira Yorikata, a son of [[Tokugawa Munemasa]] of Kii Domain.

Matsudaira Yoriyuki, the 8th ''daimyō'', opened the [[han school]] ''Tasezendo''. The 9th ''daimyō'', Matsudaira Yorisato was the first ''daimyō'' of Saijō to visit his domain in over 100 years. Saijō Domain was ruled almost as a part of Kii Domain, with its finances supported by the parent domain and its military incorporated into Kii Domain's structure. Matsudaira Yorizumi, the first ''daimyō'', visited Saijō five times during his 40-year reign; however, in the 200 years after his demise, ''daimyō'' of the domain visited only a total of nine times.

Despite their status of a [[shinpan (daimyo)|shinpan daimyō]] and close ties to the Kii Tokugawa clan, in the [[Bakumatsu period]], the domain was quickly showed an allegiance to the [[Meiji government]] and participated in the [[Boshin War]] as part of the government army.  With the [[abolition of the han system]] in 1871, the domain became "Saijō Prefecture", which was later incorporated into Ehime Prefecture via Matsuyama Prefecture and Sekitetsu Prefecture. In 1884, the final ''daimyō'' of Saijō, Matsudaira Yorihide was ennobled with the title of viscount (''shishaku'') in the ''[[kazoku]]'' peerage.

==Holdings at the end of the Edo period==
As with most domains in the [[han system]], Saijō Domain consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned ''[[kokudaka]]'', based on periodic [[cadastral]] surveys and projected agricultural yields.<ref>[[Jeffrey Mass|Mass, Jeffrey P.]] and William B. Hauser. (1987). [https://books.google.com/books?id=Hv99D510nHcC&pg=PA150&dq= ''The Bakufu in Japanese History,'' p. 150].</ref><ref>Elison, George and Bardwell L. Smith (1987). [https://books.google.com/books?id=T2_5_W7UFXwC&pg=PA18&dq= ''Warlords, Artists, & Commoners: Japan in the Sixteenth Century,'' p. 18].</ref> 

*[[Iyo Province]]  
**15 villages in [[Uma District, Ehime|Uma District]]
**43 villages in [[Nii District, Ehime|Nii District]]
**3 villages in [[Shūfu District, Ehime| Shūfu District]]

== List of daimyō ==

:{| class=wikitable
! #||Name || Tenure || Courtesy title || Court Rank || ''[[kokudaka]]'' 
|-
|colspan=6| [[File:Maruni-kuginuki.jpg|25px]] '''Hitotsuyanagi clan,''' 1636 -1665 (''[[Tozama]]'')
|-
||1||{{nihongo|[[Hitotsuyanagi Naomori]]|一柳直盛}}||1636||''Kenmotsu'' (監物)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||68,000 -> 63,000 ''koku'' 
|-
||2||{{nihongo|[[Hitotsuyanagi Naoshige]]|一柳直重}}||1636 - 1645||''Tango-no-kami'' (丹後守)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||30,000 ''koku'' 
|-
||3||{{nihongo|[[Hitotsuyanagi Naooki]]|一柳直興}}||1645 - 1665||''Kenmotsu'' (監物)|| Junior 5th Rank, Lower Grade (従五位下)||30,000 -> 25,000 ''koku'' 
|-
|colspan=6| [[File:Mitsubaaoi.jpg|25px]] '''[[tenryō]]'''　1665-1670
|-
|colspan=6| [[File:Mitsubaaoi.svg|25px]] '''[[Matsudaira clan]],''' 1670 -1871 (''[[Shinpan (daimyo)|Shinpan]]'')
|-
||1||{{nihongo|[[Matsudaira Yorizumi]]|松平頼純}}||1670 - 1711||''Sakyō-no-daibu'' (左京大夫)|| Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下)||30,000 ''koku'' 
|-
||2||{{nihongo|[[Matsudaira Yoriyoshi (Saijo)|Matsudaira Yoriyoshi]]| 松平頼致}}||1711 - 1716||''Sakyō-no-daibu'' (左京大夫)|| Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下)||30,000 ''koku'' 
|-
||3||{{nihongo|[[Matsudaira Yoritada]]| 松平頼渡}}||1716 - 1738||''Sakyō-no-daibu'' (左京大夫)|| Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下)||30,000 ''koku'' 
|-
|4||{{nihongo|Matsudaira Yorisato|松平頼邑}}||1738 - 1753||''Sakyō-no-daibu'' (左京大夫)|| Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下)||30,000 ''koku'' 
|-
||5||{{nihongo|[[Matsudaira Yoriatsu]]|松平頼淳}}||1753 - 1775|||''Sakone-no-chūjo'' (左近衛権少将)||  Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下)||30,000 ''koku'' 
|-
||6||{{nihongo|[[Matsudaira Yorikata]]| 松平頼謙}}||1775 - 1795||''Shikibu-no-taiyū'' (式部大輔)||  Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下)||30,000 ''koku'' 
|-
||7||{{nihongo|[[Matsudaira Yorimi]]| 松平頼看}}||1795 - 1797||''Uta-no-kami'' (雅楽頭)||  Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下)||30,000 ''koku'' 
|-
||8||{{nihongo|[[Matsudaira Yoriyuki (Saijo)|Matsudaira Yoriyuki]]|松平頼啓}}||1797 - 1832||''Shikibu-no-taiyū'' (式部大輔)||  Junior 4th Rank, Lower Grade (従四位下)||30,000 ''koku'' 
|-
||9||{{nihongo|Matsudaira Yorisato| 松平頼学}}||1832 - 1862||''Sakone-no-chūjo'' (左近衛権少将); Jijū (侍従)||  Junior 4th Rank, Upper Grade (従四位上)||30,000 ''koku'' 
|-
||10||{{nihongo|Matsudaira Yorihide| 松平頼英}}||1862 - 1871||''Sakyō-no-daibu'' (左京大夫)|| Junior 4th Rank, Upper Grade (従四位上)||30,000 ''koku'' 
|-
|-
|}

==See also==
* [[List of Han]]
* [[Abolition of the han system]]

== References ==
{{reflist}}

{{Portal|Japan|History|Geography}}
{{Domains of Shikoku}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Domains of Japan]]
[[Category:History of Ehime Prefecture]]
[[Category:Iyo Province]]
[[Category:Shikoku region]]
[[Category:Matsudaira clan]]
[[Category:1608 establishments in Japan]]
[[Category:States and territories established in 1608]]
[[Category:1871 disestablishments in Japan]]
[[Category:States and territories disestablished in 1871]]