View source for Siege of Diu (1531)

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2018}}
{{Use Indian English|date=October 2018}}
{{Infobox military conflict|
| image             = |
| caption           = |
| conflict          = First siege of Diu|
| partof            = the [[Ottoman–Portuguese conflicts]] and [[Gujarati–Portuguese conflicts]]
| date              = 16 February 1531<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=iRxBAQAAMAAJ&dq=inauthor%3A%22Frederick%20Charles%20Danvers%22&pg=PA402 Denvers, 1894, p.402]</ref>
| place             = [[Diu, India|Diu]], [[Gujarat Sultanate]]|
| result            = [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]]–[[Gujarat Sultanate|Gujarati]] victory
| combatant1        = {{flag|Ottoman Empire|1517}}<br/>{{flagicon image|Gujarat Sultanate Flag.gif}} [[Gujarat Sultanate]]
| combatant2        = {{flag|Portuguese Empire}}
| commander1        = [[Khoja Zufar]]<br>[[Mustafa Bayram]]
| commander2        = [[Nuno da Cunha]]
| strength1         = 10,000<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=iRxBAQAAMAAJ&dq=inauthor%3A%22Frederick%20Charles%20Danvers%22&pg=PA402 Denvers, 1894, p.402]</ref>–12,000 men<ref>Monteiro, Saturnino. ''Batalhas e Combates da Marinha Portuguesa – Volume II: 1522–1538'', 1991, Livraria Sá da Costa Editora, p.207</ref><br/> 2 galleons{{sfn|Monteiro|1991|p=207}}<br/> 70 oarships of various sizes{{sfn|Monteiro|1991|p=207}}<br/> several [[Basilisk (cannon)|basilisks]]{{sfn|Monteiro|1991|p=220,221}}|
| strength2         = {{ublist|About 400<ref>J. Gerson Da Cunha: ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=miD5YO05jpUC&dq=nuno%20da%20cunha%20diu&pg=PA77 The Origin of Bombay]'', Asian Educational Services, 1993, p.77.</ref><ref name="denvers">[https://books.google.com/books?id=iRxBAQAAMAAJ&dq=inauthor%3A%22Frederick%20Charles%20Danvers%22&pg=PA400 Denvers, 1894, p.400.]</ref><ref>Gaspar Correia (1495-1561). [http://purl.pt/12121/3/var-2327/var-2327_item3/index.html#/402 ''Lendas da Índia''] 1858 edition, Typographia da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa, p. 390</ref> vessels:}}
*14 galleons{{sfn|Correia|1858|p=390}}
*6 ''naus''{{sfn|Correia|1858|p=390}}
*2 war caravels{{sfn|Correia|1858|p=390}}
*5 large supply junks{{sfn|Correia|1858|p=390}}
*2 [[galleass]]es{{sfn|Correia|1858|p=390}}
*12 galleys{{sfn|Correia|1858|p=390}}
*16 half-galleys{{sfn|Correia|1858|p=390}}
*228 light-galleys{{sfn|Correia|1858|p=390}}
*115 small craft and merchantships{{sfn|Correia|1858|p=390}}
30,000 men,<ref>Gaspar Correia (1495-1561). [http://purl.pt/12121/3/var-2327/var-2327_item3/index.html#/404 ''Lendas da Índia''] 1858 edition, Typographia da Academia Real das Sciencias de Lisboa, p. 392</ref> including: <br/> 
*3,560 Portuguese soldiers{{sfn|Correia|1858|p=392}}
*2,000 Malabarese auxiliaries{{sfn|Correia|1858|p=392}}<ref name="gazeteer"/>
*8,000 combat slaves{{sfn|Correia|1858|p=392}}<ref name="denvers"/>
**3,000 slave gunners{{sfn|Correia|1858|p=392}}
*1,450 Portuguese sailors{{sfn|Correia|1858|p=392}}<ref name="gazeteer"/>
*4,000 Malabarese sailors or rowers{{sfn|Correia|1858|p=392}} 
*800 junk ship crew{{sfn|Correia|1858|p=392}}|
| casualties1       = 800
| casualties2       = 31 dead<ref>Monteiro, 1991, pp.205-209.</ref><br>120 wounded
}}
{{Portuguese battles in the Indian Ocean}}
{{Campaignbox Portuguese-Turkish War}}
{{Campaignbox Ottoman-Portuguese conflicts (1538–1559)}}

The '''siege of Diu''' occurred when a combined [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]]-[[Gujarat Sultanate|Gujarati]] force defeated a [[Portuguese Empire|Portuguese]] attempt to capture the city of [[Diu, India|Diu]] in 1531. The victory was partly the result of Ottoman firepower over the Portuguese besiegers deployed by [[Mustafa Bayram]], an [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] expert.<ref>Guns for the sultan: military power and the weapons industry in the Ottoman Empire, Gábor Ágoston, page 194, 2005</ref>

Shortly before the siege they encountered roughly 800 enemy soldiers at Siyâl Bet island{{ref|a|[a]}}, engaged them in combat, and killed them all.<ref>Monteiro (1991), p.205</ref> There were 9<ref>Frederick Charles Denvers: ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=iRxBAQAAMAAJ&dq=inauthor%3A%22Frederick%20Charles%20Danvers%22&pg=PA401 The Portuguese in India]'', W.H. Allen & Company, 1894, p. 401.</ref> or 17 Portuguese killed and 120 wounded.<ref>Monteiro (1991), p.205</ref> They then sailed for Diu, but the Muslim alliance defeated them and killed 14.<ref>Monteiro, 1991, p.209</ref>

Although Diu was successfully defended, victory was short-lived: Diu was blockaded and the Portuguese armada was diverted towards more exposed Gujarati cities.<ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=iRxBAQAAMAAJ&dq=inauthor%3A%22Frederick%20Charles%20Danvers%22&pg=PA403 Denvers, 1894, p.403.]</ref> [[Ghogha]], [[Surat]], [[Mangrol, Gujarat|Mangrol]], Somnath, Bassein, Tarapur, Kelva, Mahim, Bulsar, Agashi, Patam, Pate, and many smaller settlements were assaulted and sacked, some never recovering from the attacks.<ref>Pearson, Michael Naylor (1976). Merchants and Rulers in Gujarat: The Response to the Portuguese in the Sixteenth Century. University of California Press, pg. 76</ref><ref>[https://books.google.com/books?id=iRxBAQAAMAAJ&dq=inauthor%3A%22Frederick%20Charles%20Danvers%22&pg=PA402 Denvers 1894, p.402-404]</ref><ref name="gazeteer">''[https://books.google.com/books?id=I7wMAAAAIAAJ&dq=nuno%20da%20cunha%20diu&pg=PA451 Gazetteer of the Bombay Presidency]'', Volume 13, Government Central Press, 1882, p.451</ref>

In 1534, [[Sultan Bahadur of Gujarat]] signed [[Treaty of Bassein (1534)|a peace treaty]] with Governor Nuno da Cunha, granting the Portuguese the territory of [[Vasai|Bassein]], including Bombay. In 1535, the Portuguese were allowed to construct a fortress at Diu.

==See also==
* [[Siege of Diu (1538)]] 
* [[Siege of Diu (1546)]]

==Notes==

*{{note|a|[a]}} Gujarati name for jackal island, one of three islands near Diu, [[João de Barros]] calls it Ilha de Bet.

==References==
{{reflist}}

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[[Category:Military history of India]]
[[Category:Diu, India]]
[[Category:Sieges of the early modern period|Diu]]
[[Category:Sieges involving Portugal|Diu]]
[[Category:Sieges involving the Ottoman Empire|Diu, 1531]]
[[Category:Conflicts in 1531|Diu]]
[[Category:1531 in India]]
[[Category:1531 in the Ottoman Empire]]